Evening Star Newspaper, November 3, 1928, Page 6

% _c B HOOVER CAMPAIG FORMALLY ENDED St. Louis Speech Marks G. 0. P. Candidate’s Summing Up of Issues. _(Continued From First Page.) to the Coliseum at 40 miles an hour, protected by an escort of more than 50 motor cycle policemen, holding their sirens wide open. The mass of humanity at the narrow entrance to the hall was entirely too much for the corps of policemen, however, and mem bers of the party had to wage a hand- to-hand fight to get into the build. ing. It was only with great difficul that a lane was cleared for the nomi- nes and Mrs. Hoover. One of the most vociferous interrup- | tions to the speech came when Hoo- | ver said the party which, by the Un-j derwood b removed practically all farm products from tariff protection. | “j& not the party for the American farmer end the American workman to intrust with revision of the tariff.” The crowd yellode “Hurray for Herbie,” “Attabo; and “Whoopee,” and Hoo- wver laughed as they shouted. Hoover gave agriculture its rightful place as a campaign issue, characteriz- ing it as “the most urgent economic problem in our Nation today" and stating that “there has never been a national campaign into which so large a discussion of the agricultural problem has entered.” He took occasion. incidentally, to re- fterate his previous approval of the | plan to call a special farm relief ses- sion of Congress, in the event the needs of the farmers are not met at the forthcoming short session. He decried attempts to remedy all the varied ills of the farmer with one general prescrip- tion and repeated his conviction that a Federal farm board. with competent authority, could diagnose the troubles and prescribe cures. Hits Immigration Change. Referring again to the protective tarifi as an important phase of farm relief, he interpolated a denunciation of any plan for loosening immigration barriers and thus lessening protection afforded American labor and high wages. He pictured Uncle Sam's position as ' one of helpfulness to all branches of private industry, rather than one of competition with those industries. EX- tend to private initiative a firm help- ing hand, but do not use that hand 10 engage in business practices desiruc- tive to business and industry, he argued. There are three potential fields into which Government rightfully may throw its constructive and operative capacities. however, he reminded his hearers. The first field, he said, includes great under- takings in public works, “such as inland waterways, flood control, reclamation, highways and public buildings.” The second embraces the fostering of edu- cation, public health, scientific research, public parks and conservation of na- tional resources, agriculture, industry and foreign commerce. The third field, he said, “lies in broadening the as- #istance of the Government to the grow- ing efforts of our people to co-operat: among themselves to useful social and economic ends.” Pledges Waterway Ald. As a further aid to agriculturc Hoover pledged his good offices toward completion of a great 12,000-mile, in- terconnected watcrway system through the heart of the continent, reaching from the Atlantic Oceéan to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi to th Gulf of Mexico. Cheaper transporta- tion would restit for farm products, he declared. He asserted he was for com- glctlml of this system and of Mississipp! lood control works at the earliest moment. In conclusion, the nominee warned that the country should be on guarc 2gainst attempts to undermine “equality of opportunity.” “By this principle,” he said, e should test every act of government, every proposal, whether it be economic or political. I insist upon the most strict regulation of public utilities be- cause otherwise they would destroy equality of opportunity. I object to the Government going into business in competition with its citizens because that would destroy equality of opportu- nity. Equalify of opportunity is the flux with which alone can we meit out full and able leadership to the Nation.” Enumerates Objectives. Enumerating maintenance of peace, economy in Government, the protective tariff, restriction of immigration, the encouragement of foreign trade and the { Goveinment must THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. €., SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1928, | TEXT 0 ST. LOUIS, Mo., November 3.—Fol- lowing is the text of the speech deliv- cred here last night by Herbert Hoover: 1 propose to discuss the constructive side of government. line something of the principles which must underlie the relation of govern- ment to the constructive tasks which | confront us. A few nights ago in New York I had occasion to.discuss these| principles in application to matters | i\lhlth the Government should not un- | dertake. Tonight T discuss them in connection with matters which the Government | should and must undertake. Govern ment is only in part a negative func- tion. Its purpose is not merely to stand as a watchman over what is forbidden: be a constructive | | force. iy Our country has a_political, social | and economic system that is peculiarly | our own. It is the American system. | It grew out of our revolt from European | systems and has ripened with our | perience and our ideals. We have sel-| dom tried to express it or define it. It has been the moving force of our piog- | ress. It has brought us into the leader- | ship of the world. Work of Founders. ‘The founders of our Republic under Divine inspiration set up not alone a great political system of self-govern- nt but they set up also a revolution social system in the relation of men toward men. . our political system is unique in the world. It is unique because of its de- centralization of self-government its checks and balances which safe-| guard ordered liberty and freedom to | cach individual. Our social system is unique in the world. It is unique be- cause it is founded not only upon the ideal that all men are created equrl and are equal before the law but also | upon the ideal that there shall be equal | opportunity among men. We have no frozen classes or stratifi- | cation of caste in our country. We allow nothing to prevent the rise of | every boy and girl to the position to | which their initiative and talents will carry them. We have no titles except the description of our jobs. . From our unique political and social ideals we are evolving a unique eco- nomic system. We have discarded the original European theory that there is a class struggle between the capital of the few and the labor of the man,. Under that theory it was held that in general could never rise far above bare existence, for if he did so the sup- ply of labor would increase and thus constantly pull him back into the cess- pool of inavitable poverty. New System Developed. ‘We Americans have proved this con- ception wrong. By what amounts to a revoiution in ideas and methods we have developed a new economic system. The dominating idea of that system is that labor on the one hand and capital, which in America means the savings of the people, on the other hand, by joint effort can steadily increase the efficiency of production and distribu- tion. effort we can steadily incrc se the pro- duction of goods by each individual | and we can at the same time decrease | the cost of goods. As we increase the volume of we have more to di- vide, and we thercby steadily lift the standard of living of the whole peopie. We have proved this to be truz, and by this proof we have laid away the| old theory of inevitable poverty along- | side the theory of human slavery. | These three revolutionary American ideas—political, social and economic— are interlocked and intermeshed. They tecting our individualism and stimujat- ing initiative and enterprise in our people. This is' the American system. One part of it cannot be destroyed without undermining the whole. For us to adopt other social conceptions, such as Federal or State government entry into commercial business in com- petition with its citizens, would under- mine initiative and enterprise and de-| stroy the very foundations of freedom | system is builded. Republican Party’s Role. By adhering to these principles the Republican party has played a large part in creating the magnificent prog- ress which shows on every hand today. I do not need to recite the evidences of that progress. I have said before that it in no way minimizes the accomplish- mends of the American people to point out that without the wise policies which the Republican party has made effec- tive during the past seven and one-half years the great prosperity we now enjoy would not have been possible. The Republican party has ever been a party of true progressivism—true progressiv- ism does not include policies which relief of agriculture, as “great govern- mental policies which affect every home,” he said: “Solution of these is not always easy. Only the inexperienced can be positive in offering solutions of great problems.” He closed his address by repeatis® that gll’! of his acceptance speech in which e said: “You convey too great a com- pliment when you say that I have earned the right to the presidential nomination. No man can establish such #n obligation upon any part of the American people. My country owes me no debt. It gave me, as it gives every boy and girl, a chance. Hoover's homecoming to vote has become punctuated with a rapid suc- cession of small-town ovations. Scarcely do he and Mrs. Hoover get settled at the luncheon table, or in the comfort- eble chairs of their private car at the rear of the long special train than the train slows up, the sound of sirens and whistles looms ahead, the strains of band music are heard and, presto, the train has stopped to afford an- other station crowd an opportunity to greet the nominee. Voices His Appreciation. Hoover readily responds to these demonstrations by coming to the rear platform and voicing a few words of appreciation. One of the largsst and most enthusiastic crowds of this char- acter was encountered yesterday after- noon at Vincennes, Ind., where the train halted to change engines. Undaunted by a misty atmosphere and muddy earth, the cheering mass surged around the car and waved hats and flags riot- ously. The corps of special railroad police accompanying the official party was swept off its feet. Several young men and boys climbed up to the plat- form of the car itself, only to be pulled back by the officers. Hoover enjoyed the excitement immensely. As Mr. and Mrs. Hoover were leaving the station at Louisville yesterday to reboard their train Hoover stopped to shake hands with a tiny 4-year-old boy who was trying to say something, but was unable to make his voice heard above the tumult. Hoover hf't down and asked him to say it agaV. “Come home with me and eat some waffles,” the bright-faced youngster said in childish pitch, “Say. I'd cer- tainly like to do that,” the aspirant for the presidency replied, “but I don't see how I can find time today. I like waffles, all right.” Boy's Mother Excited. Photesraphys prevalled on the non.inee an Jils wife to pose with the child. whose mothey gave his name as Richard Jenness °f Louisville. Mrs. Jenness was so proud of the honor paid her son that she scarcely could reply 10 all the questions put to her by news- paper men. As the train started off Mrs. Jenness held Richard up in her arms, and the boy yelled “good-by, Mr. Hoover, good: by. Mr. President.” Hoover waved a cheery good-by. . When dairymen of Hull. England. would destroy progress. By adhering to these principles we have fiea humanity to greater heights of wellbeing than ever before in his- tory. They e the very essence of pro- gressive government and of self-gov- ernment. We must apply them to the constructive side of government. There are three potential fields in which the principles and impulses of our American system require that gov- ernment take constructive action. They comprise those activities which no local community can itself assume and which the individual initiative and enterprise of our people cannot wholly compass. They comprise leadership of the Gov- emment to solve many difficult prob- lems, Public Works Cited. ‘The first of these fields includes the | great undertakings in public works such as inland waterways, flood control, reclamation, highways and public build- ings. ’l‘he‘second of these is the necessary interest and activity of the Federal Go ernment in fostering education, public health, scientific research, public parks, conservation of national resources, agri~ cuiture, industry and foreign commerce, The third great field lies in broaden- | ing the assistance of the Government| to the growing efforts of our people to| co-operation among themselves to use- ful eocial and economic ends. ‘The first of the particular tasks to! which T believe this constructive side ( of government should be directed is| publie: works. Inland Waterways Vital. More than any other section of our country, the Midwest is at this time| vitally concerned with the advancement | of these undertakings. I have stated; on other occasions that, due to the shift of economic currents from thej war, the Midwest has not had equal op- portunity with the rest of our country. | The natural increase in freight rates| due to the war, the building of lhc! Panama Canal coincident with the fact| that the cost of ocean transportation | has remained practically stationary heve contributed to thrust the Midwest into an economic setting greatly to her Cisadvantage. Almost exactly three years ago atl Kansas City 1 said that this shifting of economic currents demanded a new vision of interior waterway development. I then urged that it was time to reject, the old view of inland waterways as a series of isolated projects, and that in-! stead we should consolidate our interior waterways into a great integrated sys- tem which I called the Mississippi sys- tem. We have an opportunity to crecte three great trunk lines of water tra porsation—one north and south 1500 miles from New Orleans through St. Louis to Chicago, and thus by the Lakes to the northern boundaries of our country. Another east and west 1,600 miles from Pittsburgh throy ‘St. Louis to Kansas City, and the third a shipway through the St. Lawrence I propose to out- | ¢ | Midwe: | reach f | great zection. and | ¢ In other words, we find that by joint | i and progress upon which the American | » ment of the laterals, such as the upper Mississippi connecting Minneapolis and St. Paul. the upper Missouri connecting Sioux City and beyond, as well as the Cumberland, the Tennessee, the Arkan- sas and the Red River and lesser Whea completed, including the St. Lowronce waterway, this entire system will comprise 12,000 miles of most _essential transportation, connect- ing 20 States with the Guif on one hand and with the North Atlantic on the other, Under the direction of Midwest Sen- ators and Representatives and sup- portea vy great civie associations of the and with the help given by the depariments of War and Commerce, that conception of our waterway system | has now been finally accepted by the | country as a great program for national development. ~ Congress has authorized the completion of the system, except the St. Lawrence. concerning which negotiation with Canada is still pend- ing. We have alroady expended nearly $100.000.000 upon the new program, It| 5 money well spent T streams, ve system will not s until it is com- plete and interconneeted. And it is for that reason that I believe it should be | completed at the earliest possible mo- ment. When finished it will be a_pow- erful stimulus to the industry of this | Cheaper Raw Malerials. It means cheaper raw materials; means cheaper to the world market for the est; it means the building of industry in’ the midst of | agriculture: it means the improvement our whole national: economy by ng the consumer and produce T r, and it means a vital contribution to the stability of both industry and agriculture. In a measure it will restore the field of our Midwest merchants who suffer today by com- petition throug 1 the Panama Canal. By cheapening transportation it will increase the price the farmer receives for his produ This increase consti- tutes a most important element of his profits. He would obtain this increase not alone upon the actual products that may bt transported by these water- wavs but upon his whole crop. The reason is that the price the farmer re- eives for certain of his products is the world market pr less the cost of transportation; and when parts of his crops can be exported at reduced cost it compels buyers to enhance the price paid to him for his entire production, even though most of it be for domestic consumption. Nor this impair our magnificent reilway system. The growth of traffic | in our country will far outstrip the volume which our waterways will carry. Any engineer presented with the con- clusive advantage of construction of a great works and having the resources with which it can be constructed has only one conception of it—its earliest possible completion in qrder that the returns of those works may be quickly brought into being. Mississippi Flood Control. _No one could have occupied the posi- tion and responsibilitics which were assigned to me during the great Mis- ippi flood of 18 months ago and not have become an advocate of adequate flood control. I rejoice at the enact- ment by Congress of authority to,con- struct these works. The safety of more Yhan a million and a half of our people depends upon them. We have already witnessed th: temporary shock that came to the pros- perity of the whole Nation through that | great disaster. Here again §s a neces- | sity for all of the encrgy which can be | applied without weste in oxder that we shall open its wealth of production to the future and that we shall at the carliest moment remove fear from the hearts of all of those that dwell in the great lower valley. I am for its com- pletion at the earliest moment. | This administration has recognized | the public necessity of Fodetal Govern. ment contribution to the creation of a definite systam of modern interstate ! highways, This_program is far from completion, and I stand for its continu~ ance, ongress has lately authorized a large program of much needed public build- ings. And there are other important publie works of less immediate interest the Midwest to w ferred upon other occ The whole comprises the largest engineering con- struction ever undertaken by any gov- ernment. It mears an expenditure of nearly a billio dollars in the next four years, ‘or ncarly four times the ‘outlay | on the Panama Canal. Projects Held Justified. | As I have said before, these undertak- | Ings are justified by the growth, the need and the wealth of our country. The organization and administration of | this construction is a responsibility of the first order. For it we must secure the utmost economy, honesty and skill. These works, which will provide jobs for an army of men, should, so far as practicable, be adjucied to take up the slack of unemployment if it should occur. There has never been a national cam- paign into which so large a discussion of the agricultural problem has entered as in this campaign. That is as it should be. It is the most urgent eco- nomic problem in our Nation today. It must be solved if we are to bring| eauality of opportunity and assurance | of complete stability of prosperity to all of our peop! I have discussed elsewhere the causes which have led to distress in agricul- ture. Even before the war it was not on a satisfactory basis, and all discus- sion which ‘deals with' putting it~back on a pre-war basis takes us nowhere. There was then & fundamental diffi- culty which still exists—the undue ef- fect of seasonal and periodic surpluses upon the price. The catastrophic deflation of 1920 was added to by the fact that the Un- derwood tariff had removed protection on practically all farm products. In the year of deflation—that is, the year before the Republican party came into power and was able to give remedy— agricultural products to the amount of three billion dollars poured into the country from abroad and helped break y‘qricws already under strain from defla- ion, it Other Causes Stated. There are many other causes—ine creased freight rates, increased produc- tion abroad and changes in our produc- tion methods at home. There has been a most amazing growth in efficiency of | the farmers themselves, who have with- | |in eight years increased our production of all farm products about 20 per cent with fewer people employed in the in- dustry and with about the same acre- age. This is the answer to any claim that | our farmers are not doing their part in the industrial advance. But this in- creased efficiency has not brought them | the same rewards as have come to other | professions and callings. The others; have ‘marched far ahcad of their pre- war basis in standards of living and in comfort, while some branches of agri- culture still base their hopes on a restoration of pre-war conditions, There are therefore ample causes for camplaint. The Republican party has | throughout the whole of the last seven and a half years been alive to this situ-! ation. It has undertaken a long series of measures of assistance. The tariff protection, the revival of the War Finance Corporation, the expatsion of Federal farm banks, the establishment of intermediate credit banks, the co- operative marketing legislation, the | regulation of grain exchanges and | together with a score of struclive legislative and ad- istrative efforts, evidence the in- terest in the farmers’ difficulties. Single Formula Theory. Certain_branches of the agricultural industry have made substantial prog-| suggestions. The first is, there has been a tendency to look for solution of the whole agricultural problem with a sin- gle formula. The result has been that the leaders of those branches of agri- culture to which that formula would not apply or to which it did damage have immediately fallen into opposi- tion. Therefore, on any special plan of relief we have always had sharp dis- agreement within the industrv itself. The depression in different branch:s of farming comes from widely different sources, and has a wide variety of causes. The industry is not a single industry, but is a dozen specialized in- dustries, whole economic relationships. If we would have sound and permanent re- lief, it can be only through complete determination of the causes which bring about the difficulties of each part. By thus going to the root of the trouble we will find that the methods of solution are not through one line of action, but through many lines of action. And the problem is not wholly an eco- nomic problem. It i5 partly a social problem, Lacause th~ a'm is more than a place of bucir it 15 a place of living and a | Sn that, in addi- tion to findin lution to the par- ticular difficul: that particular branch of the business, we must have rd for important social problems involved. The whole foundation and hope of our Nation is the maintained individualism of our people. Farming is and must continue to be an indi- | vidualistic business of small units and independent ownership. mer as Individualist. The farmer is the outstanding ex- amwple of the econom y free indi- He is one of our solid mate of national character. No solution makes for consolidation into large farms’ and mechanized production can fit_into our national hopes and ideals. Many factors enter into a solution of this whole problem. One is by the tariff to reserve to the farmer the American market; to safeguard him from the competition of imports of farm prod- ucts from countries of lower standards of living. Another part of solution is to provide cheaper transportation to market. Another is to secure to the farmer a larger proportion of the price which the ultimate consumer .pays through the elimination of a vast num- ber of wastes that lie in our method of distribution. Another part of the solution must be to secure greater stability in prices, which are now unduly affected both by the seasonal surplus and by the period- ical surplus over one year to another. Another part of the solution is to main- tain stability and high purchasing power for our consumers. Any depr sion or ill wind which affects the con- sumers’ buying power is_immediately reflected to the farmer. Finally, every different agricultural produce a plan of action which will give 2id to each as is required. Tariff Called Essential. Adequate tariff is essential if we would assure relief to the farm. The first and most complete necessity is that the American farmer have the American market. That can be assured to him solely through the protective tariff. The tariff is effective today on many farm crops, including wool, flax. sugar, fruit, cattle, dairy products, ve etable ofls and a score of other prod- ucts, It maintains the premium upon ourt hard wheat against Canadian im- ports. The duties are not high enough on some products, but nevertheless the tariff is effective over a considerable portion of our whole agricultural pro- duction. And it can be made more cffective, for we are still importing something like $800,000,000 per annum of products which could be produced on our soil. One difficulty in our present corn market is the imports of corn to our seaboard points. The tariff wall we erect creates also a profitable pressure to diversify the crop and thereby decrease the surplus prob- lem. The increase in dairying and flax raising, for example, has disnlaced what would otherwise have been larger and even more unmanageable surpluses of other products. And beyond this the tariff in protect- ing the wage level of the American | worker increases his buying power for the products of the farmer. Our man- ufacturing industries of the Midwest require protection from lower wages of foreign countries just as much as those on the seaboard. Standards Among Workers. The stendards of living among our workers, our city populations, is the only standard in the world which per- mits them to purchase all the food they can cat. The butter consumption in our country has increased by 50 per cent in eight years, although the popu- lation has increased by only 10 per cent. The tarifl holds butter prices today 12 cents per pound over the prices which prevail in Europe. And while I am on the tariff and be- fore we turn to other phases of the farm problem let me say that the party which, by the Underwood bill, removed practically * all agricultural ~ products from tariff protection, which withheld that protection for two years after the | war, “which opposed the Republican tariff on agricultural products, and which as late as nine months ago pro- vided only two votes in the Senate and seven voes in the House to defeat a resolution providing for instant tariff reduction—that party ‘is not the party for the American farmer and the Amer- ican workman to entrust with revision of the tariff. If you want the protective principle preserved, and if you want it strength- cned on farm products, it should be en- trusted to the party that has fought | for and defended it for 70 years, Limit Upon Immigration. 1 may also add upon the subject of protection that the limitation of immi- gration is,a fundamental part of our protective system, because it prevents a flood of labor from abroad which can | only break down our wage levels. I stand against any increase of the pres- ent quotas and fer the principle of the 1890 census, with only such changes as prevent separation of families but would not increase in total numbers. But to return to the farm question. In addition to the tariff and cheaper waterway transportation in assistance to agriculture, the Republican party proposes to go farther. It proposes to set up an institution which will be one of the most important institutions in our Government, designed to meet not only the varied problems which con- front us today but those which may arise in the future. We propose to create a Pederal Farm Board composed of men of understand- ing and sympathy for th® problems of agriculture. ~ We propose this board should have power to determine the facts, the causes, the remedies which should be applied to each and every one of the muititude of problems which we mass under the gendral term of “the agricultural problem.” & Wants Broad Powers. This program further provides that tha board shall have a broad authority to act and be authorized to assist in the further development of co-opera- tive marketing; that it shall assist in the development of clearing houses for agricultural products, in the develop- ment of adequate warehousing facili- ties, in the elimination of wastes in distribution, and in the solution of other problems as they ar But in particular the board is to build up with initial advances of capi- tal from the Government farmer-owned and farmer-controlled stabilization cor- porations which will protect the farmer from depressions and the demoraliza- tion of Summer and periodic surpluses. 1t is proposed that this board should have placed at its disposal such re- res Important branches still*lag be- connecting Duluth and all the Lak> ports with the sca. recently fell out with the farmers over the price of milk, the farmgrs startei their own delivery system im the city. Laterals Need Devclopment. Vital to this system is the improve- , and the problem is as yet un- wlved as a whole, There have been many reasons for the difficulty of finding a complete solution, Iet me offqgrtwo or three sources as are necessary to make its action effective, Thus we give to the Federal Farm Board every arm with which to deal with the multitude of problems. This is an entirely different method of ap- absolutely different in _their | product is af- | fected by different forces, and we must | proach to solution from that of a gen- eral formula; it is flexible and adapt- able, No such far-reachirig and spe- cific proposal has ever been made by a political party on behalf of any indus- try in our history. It is a direct busi- ness proposition. It marks our desire for establishment of farmers’' stability and at the same time maintains his in- dependence and individuality. Farmer Himself to Act. This plan is consonant with our American ideals to avold the Govern- ment_operation of commercial business, for it places the operation upon the farmer himself, not upon a bureau- cracy. It puts the Government in its real relation to the citizen—that of co- operation. Its object is to give equality of opportunity to the farmer. I would consider it the greatest honor 1 could have if it should become my privilege to aid in finally solving this the most difficult of economic_problems presented to our people, and the one in which. by inheritance and through long contact, T have my decpest interest. I am hopeful that in the December session of Congress it will be possible to reach that solution. However, as I have already said, if this is not possi- ble I would call a special session in order that we might speedily arrive at a determination of the question before the next harvest. New Co-operation Seen. I have said that there is a third great group of activities in the promo- tion of the public welfare where the Government, without abandoning the American system, may develop a new principle of relation with its citizens. We have in the past ouarter of a century evolved a higher sense of or- been . We have 10.000 xamples of this conscious to-operative development in the enormous growth of assoclational actlvities, Civic assoclations, chambers of com- merce, trade associations, professional associations, labor unions, trade councils, farm organizations, farm co-operatives, welfare associations—these are so all- embracing that there is scarcely an in- dividual in our country who does not now belong to one or more of them. They represent every phase of our na- tional life, both on the economic and on the welfare side. They constitute a vast ferment toward conscious co-opera- tion. They have become a part of the very fabric of American life. While some of them engage in highly objectionable attempts to wrongly in- fluence public opinion and the action of Government, the majority of them recognize a responsibility to the public as well as to themselves—and a large |part of them are founded solely on public interest. Function of Government. Wherever these associations under- take high public purposes I wish to sce active co-operation by the Government with them. Without intrusion the Gov- ernment can serve to bring together discordant elements and to secure co- operation between different industries and groups. It gives great hope of a new basis of solution for many of our problems and progressive action in our people. It should be the response of Govern- ment to our new economic conceptions, It is consonant with the American sys- tem. It is a method that reinforces our individualism by reducing and not in- creasing Government interference in business and the life of our citizens. Such co-operation strengthens the whole foundations of self-governmen®| and serves to maintain equality of op- portunity and constructive leadership. This co-operation can take two dis- tinct directions—it can assist in the promotion of constructive projects of public interest on one hand, and it can assist in the cure of abuses by the vol- untary establishment of a higher code of ethics and a stricter standard in the conduct of business. Result of Experience. These are not_theoretical proposals. Seven and a half years ago I intro- | partment of Commerce and industrial, commercial and civic organizations of our country for the promotion of mat- ters that were of public importance. We co-operated with these associa- tional groups in promotion of foreign trade, in the elimination of waste, in furtherance of economic and scientific research, in improvement of homes, and in scores of other activities. During this period hundreds of committees have been in active co-operation with the Department of Commerce, not un- der compulsion and not even under solicitation from the department, but merely because the Government was willing and ready to assist in bringing together the elements of any movement that would promote public welfare. I perhaps may make my proposals more clear by giving you some. illustrations. First, I may review a case of assist- ance to labor and business. In 1923, under my chairmanship, there was or- ganized a series of committees repre- senting the manufacturers, contractors, engineers, real estate men and labor in the building trades. Its purpose w-s to reduce the loss of time due to the seasonal character of these industries. As a result of the organization set up the average Winter unemployment in these trades has been reduced from about 100 days to about half that num- ber,. There has been no decrease in daily wages. The annual income of the workers in these trades has beea sub- stantially increased by the decrease in idle days and the business given greater stability. Regarding Business Cycle, Another instance of action of funda- mental importance to the farmer, the business man and the worker consists of the measures taken in co-operation between the Government and business agencies to mitigate the violence of the so-called business cycle. Booms and slumps have occurred periodically for 100 years. No one suffers more from these periodic hard times, with their hideous unemployment, decrease in wages, bankruptcy in business, than | both labor and the farmers. Time forbids a discussion of the in- tricate problems involved and the rem- edies which have been inaugurated. The proof of their effectiveness lies in the fact that we have had a far longer ; period of stability in industry and com- merce, far greater security in empioy~ | ment and larger buying power for farm products than ever before in our his- tory. The solution of this question was just as intricate as those which we face in agriculture, Still another instance of these activi- ties, and one with which I have felt great concern, has been the effort to build up safeguards to the independent business man. The preservation of his independence and individuality is just as important as maintaining the indi- viduality of our farmers. Through va- rious co-operative measures we have made a start to give to the independent business man many of the services of bigger business aggregations. Abuses Are Eliminated. An illustration of another direction of these activities has been in eliminat- ing abuses in a particular industry without resort to legislation and regula- tion. For a great many years legisla- tion had been debated in Congress pro- viding for th: regulation of the lumber industry somewhat on the lines of the pure food laws, in order to protect the | honest manufacturers and dealers and the public. In 1923, however, we created a series of committees among associations in the lumber industry at their request. In the course of a gradual extension over five years we finally perfected a system for the grading of lumber and for the guaranteeing of these grades to the public, which is now carried out wholly within and by the lumber in- dustry itself. Consequently during these last few years there has been no sug- gestion of such legislation from Con- gress. The savings to the public in the duced this relationship between the De- | preserved that equality of opportunity. F SECRETARY HOOVER’S ST. LOUIS SPEECH ods we have avoided the necessify of regulation with the bureaucracy and interference that flow from it. It is also a clear case of building up of self- government. Better-Homes Campaign. I could describe a great number of such cosoperative actions carried through to success. They involve such things as the bettet homes movement, with its 5,000 committees covering every city and village in the United States, engaged in promoting home ownership and betterment of home construction. They involve the American Child Health Association, which has been built up to bring about co-operation between na- tional, State and institutional health authorities for the promotion of better health surroundings for our children. I could relate to you at great length the vast co-operative machinery we have erected for the promotion of for- eign trade, through which the growth | of our trade has outstripped that of | any country in the world. In this broad field of eo-operation by Government lie potentialities which have been barely touched. The Gove ernment can ~ive leadership and co- operation, It can furnish scientine re- search. It can give prestige and influ- ence. All of these call for but trivial expenditures. They require no in- creased bureaucracy. They are of first importance to every branch of Ameri- can life. It is by this means of co-operation by the Government that we contribute mightily toward business stability and greater productivity in industry. And it is stability that every business man needs. that he mdy thus work out for himself his own destiny without those 111 tides over which he has no ccntrol. Sound Policies Needed. It is by means of this sort of co- operation from the Government that we may contribute greatly to the very foundations of economic progress that is to provide continuous and full em- ployment. General employment comes only with sound policies of government, but equally from vigorous co-operation by the Government to promote eco- nomic welfare. It is by these means that we can bulld such organization of our economic system as to provide a job for all who have the will to work. I believe we can apply to agriculture the principles and activities in this di- rection which we have applied to com- merce and industry during the last seven and alf years. I believe we can solve a very large number of the problems of agricultural distribution and marketing through such methods. To that end I wish to have an effort made to secure the co-ordinated action of all of those Interested in the dis- tribution of farm products. I look forward to the day ‘when our farm organizations will be as .co-operatively and as advantageously linked to govern- mental encouragement and service as many of our industrial organizations are now. It is from this co-operation of Gov- ernment with the great agencies of public welfare that we may inspire and build- up the contributions to stronger family life, better homes, more recrea- tion and for the general well being. Constructive Era Here, Before I conclude I should like to review to you some thoughts on the broader issues which we have before us. For several years we were engaged in war. Since its close we have devoted ourselves largsly to reconstruction of the losses from it. We have now en- tered upon the period of constructive action. Governiment has the definite and manifest obligation of giving construc- tive leadership to the people. In doing S0 it must not lessen their initiative and enterprise apon which we must rely for the progress of the race and of the Nation. Our system his been built upon the ideal of equality of op- portunity. For perhaps a hundred years after the foundation of the Republic the opportunities of a moving frontier Now, with the settlement of the country and with the astonishing speed and intricate complexity of industrial life, the preservation of equality of opportunity becomes yearly and yearly more difficult, and for that very rea- son is of higher and higher importance. If we would maintain America as the land of opportunity, where every boy and girl may have th: chance to climb to that position to which his ability | and character entitle him, we shall need to be on increasing guard. If I could drive the full meaning and importance of maintained equality of opportunity into the very conscious-| ness of the American people, I would | feel I had made some contribution to American life. It is the most precious of our possessions that the windows of every home shall look out upon unlim- ited hope. Right of Every One. Equality of opportunity is the right of every American, rich or poor, foreign or nattve born, without respect to race or religion. By its maintenance alone can we hold open the door of full achievement to every new generation and to every boy and girl. Only from confidence that this right will be up-| held can flow that unbounded courage and hope which stimulates each indi- | vidual man and woman to endeavor and to accomplishment. By this principle we should test eve act of Government, every proposal, Wwhether it be economic or political. I Insist upon the most strict regulation of public utilities, because otherwise they would destroy equality of oppor- tunity. I object to the Government Roing into business in competition with its citizens, because that would de-| stroy equality of op?onun!t}n And. eT‘mmy of opportunity is the flux witn Wwhich alone can we melt out full and | able leadership to the Nation. The first step to maintain equality of opportunity among our people is, as I have said before, that there should be no child in America who has not been born and who does not live under sound conditions of health, who does | not. have full opportunity for education from the kindergarten to the univer- sity, who is not free from injgrious labor, who does not have stimuls to ambition to the fullest of his or her capacities. Safeguards of Health, It is a matter of concern to our Gov-| ernment that we should strengthen the | safeguards to health. These activities of helpfulness and of co-operation stretch before us in every direction. A single generation of Americans of such 4 production would prevent more of crime and of illness and give more of spirit and of progress than all of the| repressive laws and police we can ever Invent—and 1. would cost less. I have said often before in this cam- paign that we need always to interpret our discussions of economic and mate- proposals by how they affect the peace, the happiness and the security and prosperity of every American home. I have tried to interpret to my fellow countrymen what Government means to that home. I stand for mjfiruper- ous country because I want homes. You cannot divide those things that are seen from those that are unseel The things that we call material are the foundation stones upon which we buifld the temple of those things that we call spiritual. Prosperity, security, happiness and peace rest on sound economic life. Many of the subjects with which we have had to deal are intricate and complex. We must sup- port the maintenance of peace among nations, economy in Government, the protective tariff, the restriction of im- migration, the encouragement of for- eign trade, the relief of agriculture, the building of waterways and a score of other great governmental policies which affect every home in our land. Solution Not Easy. Solution of these questions is not al- ways easy. Only the inexperienced can 24 elimination of waste and fraud have been estimated by the industry as up- ward of $250,000,000 a year. This is clear case where by co-operative meth- sembling be itive in offering solutions of great roblems. The first necessity in the perspective. The truth must be forged | from the metal of facts. Let me in closing repeat a part of | my message to the Kansas City conven- tion in reply to the telegram from its chairman. I said: “You convey too great a compliment | when you say that I have earned the | right to the presidential nomination. No man can establish such an obliga- tion upon any part of the American people. My country owes me no debt It gave me, as it gives every boy and girl, a chance. It gave me schooling, independence of action, opportuni.y for service and honor. In no other land could a boy from a country| village, wichout inheritance or lnflu-‘ ential friends, look forward with un- bounded hope. “My whole life has taught me what America means. 1 am indebted to my | country beyond any human power to repay. It conferred upon me the mis- sion to administer America’s response to the appeal of afflicted nations dur- | ing the war. It has called me into the | cabinets of two Presidents. By these | experiences 1 have observed the bur- dens and responsibilities of the greatest office in the wo=ld. That office touches the happiness of every home. It deals with the peace of nations. No man could think of i except in terms of solemn consecration. New Era in Nation. “A mnew era and new forces have come into our economic life and cir setting among nations of the world. These forces demand of us constant study and effort if prosperity., peace and contentment shall be maintained. “You have manifested a deep con- cern in the problems of agriculture. You have pledged the party to support specific and constructive relief upon a nation-wide scale, backed by the re- cources of the Federal Government. We must and will find a sound solu- tion that will bring security and con- tentment to this great section of our people. “But the problems of the next four years are more than economic. In a profound sense they are moral and spiritual. “Shall the world have peace? Shall prosperity in this Nation be more thor- oughly distributed? Shall we build steadily toward the ideal of equal op- portunity to all our people? Shall there be secured that obedience to law which is the essential assurance of the life of our institutions? Shall honesty and righteousness in Government and in business confirm the confidence of the people in theiy institutions and in their laws? ] “Government must contribute to leadership in answer to these questions. The Government is more than admin- istration; it is power for leadership and co-operation with the forces of busi- ness and cultural life ir city, town and countryside. The presidency is more than executive responsibility. It is the inspiring symbol of all that is highest in America's purposes and ideals.” | In that spirit I began this campaign. | In that spirit I end it. POLICEWOMAN TO SPEAK. Miss Helen D. Pidgeon, executive sec- | retary of the International Association | of Policewomen, leaves early next week for a two weeks' speaking tour, which will begin in Boston and end in Little Rock, Ark. Miss Pidgeon will make her first talk at Radcliffe College, of which she is a graduate, .November 12. November 13 she will address the Child Welfare League of America at Boston on “The Older Delinquent Girl.” From Boston Miss Pidgeon will go to Tulsa, Okla., to address the Oklahoma State Conference of Social Work. Following a stop in Little Rock, Ark, Miss Pidgeon will return to Washing- 5 6.0.P. CAMPAIGN FUND. 84,311,784 National Committee Reports Receipts and Expenses in Recent Period. Approximately $4911.744 has been received by the Republican national committee during the presidential race. as shown in reports filed yesterday with the House campaign funds committee. The reports dealt primarily with re- ceipts and disbursements during the last. week in October. .Over this period J. R. Nutt, treasurer of the Republican committee, said that $770.000 had been contributed and $562,000 spent. The largest contribution to the Re- publican fund was for $150,000 by the “ways and means committee of the Re- publican national committee for Penn- sylvania.” Receipt of $25,000 from Paul Gunther of Dover, N. J., was also listed. and it wiks announced at com- mittee headquarters that $25.000 nad been received since October 31 from John N. Willys, president of tha2 Willys-Overland Co. of Toledo, Ohio. Amounts Sent to Various States. Amounts sent by the Republican comittee into the various States were shown as follow: Alabama, $1.000; Arizona, $20,016; California, Florida, $2 Illinots, $75,000 diana, $4.200; Kentucky. $35.000: Mary- Minnesota, $2.500: Mis- souri, Jersey, New Mexico. North Dakota, $5.000: Pennsylvania, $4,022: South Dakota, $9.600: Ten- nessee, $12,000° Utah, $15.000; Virginia, $5.000; West Virginia, $25,000, and Wis- consin, $12,528. Senate Candidates Report. Candidates for the United States Sen- ate yesterday reported receipts and ex- penditures to the secretary of the Sen- ate as follo Senator Edwards, Democrat, New Jer- sey; receipts, $5,030; expenditures, $1,663. Juan N. Vigil, Democrat, New Mexi- co; no receipts; expenditures, $225. F. C. Walcott, Republican, Connecti- cut; receipts, none: expenditures, $3.063, of which $3,000 went to the Republican campaign committee, ° John Zahnd, National Party, Indiana; no_receipts: 1o expenditures. Senator Johnson, Republican, Cali- fornia: n@ receipts; no expenditures. Senator Swanson, Democrat, Va.; no receipts; no expenditures. PLEA FOR COLORED VOTER Socialist Candidate Asks Democrats for Free Election in South. NEW YORK, November 3 (#).—Nor- mal Thomas, Socialist candidate for President, in a letter written yesterday to John J. Raskob asked the Demo- cratic national chairman to use his in- fluence with the Democrats of the South to permit colored citizens to vote Tues- ay. . ‘While commending Mr. Raskob for opposing religious intolerance in the campaign, Mr. Thomas said the Demo- cratic party was “the chief, though not the only sinner” in racial intolerance. He esserted that he had seen advertise- mants in Southern newspaj “‘appeal~ ing to racial intolerance in such a way that you would not dare let the negroes of the North whose vote you want, see ton. Yr 1ead them if you could possibly help WoopwARD Our rare collection These are Exq guette and three marquise Diamond and Sapphire Ri Diamond Others, $30 to $2;500. Diamond and Platinum W Fine JeweLyy, First FLoo) andling of such problems is the as- H of the facts in thelr proper & LoTHROP 10™ U™ F axp G Streers Diamond Jewels The Metropolitan Opera Established Their Vogue With the sudden blaze of light the famous *Diamond Horseshoe™ becomes the Focus of all eyes. And in this setting, beautiful diamonds sparkled this year —establishing them as the jewel of the season. offers the finest uisite Pieces Diamond Bar Pin, a lovely platinum pin, set with diamonds in baguette and square cut and sap- phires, $1,275. Others, $23 to $1,350. Diamond and Platinum Brooch, set with five ba- diamonds and brilliants, $1,050. Others, $25 to $2,175. ing, a fine, square cut Origntal sapphire surrounded with four diamonds in platinum, $2,125. Others, $22.50 to $2,600. and Sapphire $2,500. Bracelet, rist Watch, a beautiful piece, $1,550. Others, $75 to $675.