Evening Star Newspaper, May 28, 1928, Page 8

8 TF EVENI G THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY..........May 28, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 8 uainess Ot o 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 14 Regent St., London, England. Rate by Carrier Within The Evening Star .. The Evening and Sus (when 4 Sundays). The Evening_and Sund (when 5 Sundars) The Sunday Star..... e _per copy Collection made at the end of each month. Crders may be sent tn by mail or telephone. Main 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month ar 65¢ per month Datly only . Sunday only 2.00: 1 me $8.00: 1 mo., $4.00; * mo., 1.00 ey Da 3 Sunday only . Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press in exclusivels entitled tn the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited 1o it or not otherwise ere ited in this paper and also the local ne published herein. Al rights of publication | of special dispatches herein are also reserved. | —_— | American Youth. o In his address at the National Ora- torical Contest Saturday night Secretary Hoover, noting the fact that the seven | finalists then seated on the stage at the | Auditorium were the “survivors” of a | nation-wide field numbering more than | two and a half millions, cited this great competition as evidence that there is in truth no degeneration of American | youth, And he suggested that the youth | of this country is today surely no less | sturdy in character than thirty vears| ago, when those who are now its critics were themselves youngsters. | The Oratory Contest, which has just eompleted its fifth year, has given un- mistakable evidence of the high char- acter of the children of America. Dur- ing these five years more than six mil- lion boys and girls have engaged in | studies relating to the Constitution of | the United States, have acquainted themselves with the early history of | | nently—those who go over purely to “play,” to whom a voyage overseas is merely & change of scene, to whom the Old World holds no greater than a stimulating sttraction for jaded appe- tites and sensibilities. Were half of the money spent abroad in American tourist travel spent here at home by those who might profitably “see America first,” there would be less danger of a softening of the national spirit. Many thousands of those who | contribute to this great total of eco- nomically profitiess investment in other lands have yet to go beyond a narrow radius from their own homes here. They know little or nothing of the United States. They are unacquainted with the great wonders of the West, the vast plains of fertility of the mid- continent region, the scenic splendors of all sections: But the lure of the Old World is strong and they continue to flow overseas and to leave their| no moss and still waters run deep. Square pegs should not be put Into round holes and opportunity knocks but once. But why did Mr. Capone choose the cleaning and dyeing business? Morris Becker, for forty-two years a leading dyer and cleaner in Chicago, has been bedeviled almost beyond hu- man endurance during that time by having his places of business bombed and burned, his employes slugged and robbed and threatened by his com- petitors. But no one has been punished. So he hit on the brilliant idea of taking Mr., Capone into business with him: in other words, of fighting fire with fire “Now,” Mr. Becker is quoted as say- ing, “I have no need of the State's at- torney or the police department. I have the best protection in the world.” For since the partnership was an- nounced not a threat has come to Mr. Becker, not a single bomb has been thrown, there has not been even a BY CHARLES There are two odors that no one who has ever smelled them will f t] of photographic film and that of It may have been a quarter of tury since you developed any pictures, but the moment you untangle the curl- ing strip of cellulold, coated with gelatin and silver, and run the writhing thing through the bowl of water, memories come rushing back in floods. And when the developing is com- pleted, and the film ready for the fixing bath, the unforgettable smell of the “hypo” will bring back other memories. Fortunate is he who has such memo- ries, for the developing of negatives and prints is one of the most interesting ex- periments in physics and chemistry open to the growing boy or girl. Yet it is astonishing how few chil- dren of the present vintage seem ever to have done any work with a camera except take a few “snapshots f a cen- STAR, WASHINGTO 4 THIS AND THAT . TRACEWELL. ¢ | upon both film and paper. ¢ | dollars in lands where they are reck- | whisper of a beating or a shakedown | oned merely as raw material for home | The Master Cleaners and Dyers' Asco- consumption, and, as the years pass, | with decreasing appreciation. i e i An Obnoxious Breed. | Every 5o often the obnoxious breed of | hit-and-run drivers which seems to in- | fest the National Capital intrudes it- self upon public notice. Last night a man seventy years of age was struck by an automobile which, according to wi nesses, contained a party of young roisterers. The victim was dragged fif- teen feet before the car was brought to a stop. Two of the party left the car long enough to deposit the feebly breathing man in a gutter and rushed away into the night before the number of the machine could be procured. The hapless victim died a short time later in Georgetown Hospital. In some respects the hit-and-run driver's attitude may be likened to that of the motorist who refuses to ca insurance for accidents. In both cast | automobiles and congested streets there | i no more detestable figure than the | cowardly person Wwho sneaks away | rather than face the same justice | that he expects to be dealt out m‘flchl impression that the Chinaman | others. In this particular case there was no | | here! | Chicago. | he declines to accept responsibility for | methods to other forms of commercial | his own acts. In this era of teeming endeavor? ciation, commercial rivals of Mr. Becker, did send an emissary to Mr. Becker's office to find out what it was all about. | And when this ambassador arrived he was met by Mr. Capone himself, who greeted him in these words: “Get outa You try to monkey with my business and I'll toss you outa the win- dow!" Mr. Becker may have solved the prob- lem of doing business peacefully in | Chicago. If he has, other business in- stitutions should adopt his procedure. Cashiers of banks, for instance, and bank runners should be chosen frcm the ranks of the strongest gang; the Post Office Department should hire as mail clerks the most successful of Chi- cago’s thugs, and automobile manufac- turers should intrust to ambitious and hard working gunmen the ownership and operation of their agencies. Crime has been a paying business in Why not extend its efficient L el ‘The Chinese are mysterious and re- mote, 50 far as observations in this hemisphere are concerned. A super- had wisen serenely and securely to the heights of a higher civilization when the Nation, have seriously trained | apparent need for the driver to place | he eut off his queue has been sadly themselves in a role which has pre- pared them for larger participation in the drama of citizenship. himself in the hit-and-run class. The victim was said to have been blind in one eye and the car to be traveling at | dissipated. N Some day Mayor “Jimmy” Walker Most of those who took part in the | a normal rate of speed. ‘The mere fact may go into Congress. In which case first contest in 1923 have now reached | adult years. Some of them are in col- lege or university, some in business. Those who won outstanding positions | in their home communities, in their | counties and their States and in their | “regions” have been rewarded by op- | portunities for advancement, their merits and their spirit recognized. The | influence of these successes upon those | who have followed and those who are yet to follow as this contest continues | must be greatly stimulating. Thirty-five orations have now in all | been delivered in the natiopal finals in ‘Washington, and all of them have, with-{ out exception, been notable performances | that would be creditable to persons of greater years—thoughtful, constructive expressions delivered with force and fervor and with effectiveness. Back of these thirty-five talks on the Constitu- tion in its various phases lies a great revival of interest in the f\lndlw'll} law, its origin, its application through | the years and its potentialities today | and in the future. The Star has been | proud to participate in these five con- | tests, and to all who have taken part, | all the millions of young Americans who | have studied and drilled and won and Jost, it tenders its thanks and its con- gratulations and its appreciation of their demonstration that American | that the driver did flee the scene, how- | it will be possible to change the tedium ever, would seem to be a confession of i of filibuster to an enjoyable occasion No doubt the professional photo fin- ishers can do a better job than the average amateur, but nothing can take the place, at least for & time, of per- sonal experimentation. Cameras and fims and printing pa- pers are so “foolproof” today that any boy of 9 or 10 years of age with average intelligence can do a good job of de- veloping and printing. ‘The manufacturing company has put the experience in the products, so that | any one, by carefully following direc- tions, can take, develop and print good | pictures. | * o ox % And it is lots of fun, too. Yet few of the boys we have talked to seem to know anything about the process. One high school lad didn't even know that the picture had to be printed after the film was developed. Another did not know what a print- ing frame or a dark-room lantern was, a third had never heard of “hypo.” Now it seems that a boy has missed something out of his education if he doesn't know about “hypo” and recog- nize that slightly pungent odor. ‘We were brought up on “hypo.” It is entwined with our - memories. We had a “dark room | a closet, and batteries of rubber trays, and a coal-oil burning ruby lamp, and endless bottles of various developers. In those days popular amateur pho- tography was just beginning to get on its feet. The dry plate—as opposed to the wet plate—was a comparatively new | invention. Amateur box cameras were made to take sensitive plates. The | popular camera was the “Bull's Eye,” | we believe. | * ok ok oK | Today everything is made easy for the amateur, yet the refreshing novelty of this combined experiment in physics and chemistry remains. | The wonder of what light does to a sensitized film, through the means of a | flashing shutter, a bit of glass called | a lens, and the inclosed dark box called | l'he camera, is as great today as ever It was. | | | The fixing of the flim is done with the “hypo,” which eats out the silver not |Of guilt. Perhaps liquor had dulled the re- | of wit and song. actions of the motorist to an extent which made it impossible for him to stop before mowing down his victim, or some other factor entered into the ac- | cident which caused him to run away. | Fear is generally the motivating in- fluence when a driver enlists in !.hc‘ disreputable class of hit-and-runners, but where no blame can be attached, why should there be fear? Following this line of reasoning it would appear that every person who flees the scene | of an accident in which he is involved | admits blame, but admits at the same | time that he is not man enough to take the consequences. It is unfortunate for the moral welfare of the Nation that | the automobile is the instrument for the revelation of this kind of character. 1t is discouraging to believe that an otherwise sober-minded person may de- ! velop into a despicable coward once he gets behind the wheel of a car. j — e Another Veteran Passes. Remorselessly is the Grim Reaper this year exacting toll of the congres- sional Old Guard. The House of Rep- | resentatives has hardly concluded its| oficial mourning for Martin Madden | | | Like the ulog:am and radio, how- — 4:}\"", photograj hul beeom;l nnzmnlj There is a period of safety in the e commonplaces of everyday e. | . Snapshots — instantaneous exposures — life of every aviator; that is when he | JASPRRO Sr SERELRTIOE P young retires from the air long enough to|loving couples, honeymooners, happy write the book demanded by his public. | households, i s e Fortunate is he for whom the mystery ing a “dark horse.” Too prominently it seems to us, ought 1o become ac- mentioned, he is liable to confuse his | quainted with it ' Here is lnfl;:perl-] becom! ment involving physics ac- backers by becoming & shining mark. | flon of light), and chemistry, combin- ! Ploneers have always faced dariger. Ploneers of the air are. confronted by perils more terrific than any hitherto known to exploration. ——e—— One of the embarrassments of the Chinese situation is that every little province wants an army of its own. e A nomination on the first ballot would represent the last word in the science of political organization. e Herbert Hoover seized a psycholog- ical occasion in Washington Saturday night—the finals of the National Ora- | torical Contest—to_smash one of the | deadliest attacks his political enemies launched against him, viz. his “internationalism.” Nowhere has it L est Virginia primacy. which in the West P! ., W SHOOTING STARS. will decide between JHoover and Sen- | avowal of “healthy, enthusiastic na. | tionalism,” as distinct from “intern | tionalism,” was a_shot aimed straight | !at the Kansas City convention hall. | | At the Democrats, too, Hoover heaved | a detonating shell when he exalted our | “intensive State rights and responsi- | bilities.” There are those who will BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Bigger Stuff. Weicome, Old Friend Politics! ‘Welcome, once again! All your interesting tricks WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. ator Goff tomorrow. The Californian’s | Dtle!y | years. youth is sound and wholesome as ever, |Of Diinols when another great com- e e Occasionally the courts are obliged ' o take under consideration methods of Mnn:!mmwbymfml-! nine official. Such instances are not s0 numerous as 10 shake the firm faith of | the modern public in the purifying in- fluence of woman in politics. Cash Across the Sea. Day after day, week after week, for #eversl months each year —and in- creasingly each year—Americans are going to Europe for vacations. Steam- ers sall with full passenger lists. Berths are booked for months ahesd, steam- ship lines put on extra service. exodus begins early in May, 10 some extent even in April, and lasts unw{ August, when the return tide sets in for an equal crowding of the accommo- dations on the homeward voysges Beveral hundred thousand people make this annual pligrimage o the “other wide” They go mainly for pleasure, o see strange lands, % tour the Conti-| nent and England. Most of them travel with light purses, caleulating their ex- perses carefully. Bome of them carry| full wallets. Prectically all of them yeturn with thelr funds exhausted. Acoording o the estimates of the {)opu"m'. of Commerce, presented i o poripen ses strength for our pre-| more money than he felt like dividing | Une enurse of & report on the Uansfer| qoineg role as s world power was|around. | of capital between Burope snd Americs during the calendar year 1927, the wuriste during those twelve months spent abroad the sum of $617,000,000 out of & Uotal of $1.976000,000 of cap- #2] transter, or approximately one- third. This money was spent for 1o6g- ings and subsistence, for travel, for| enterieinment and for goods. It was iIn a5 eoonomic sense “lost” o Amer- ses. U was in no degree an investment | from which revurns oould be expected 1t went oo the pockets of the people of Purope cresse Uneir resources Tre entertsinment of American vis- Sure has ecome one of the chlef in- Gustries of Burope. It is widely spresd It yewches in'o many countries, v smsll communities s ws grest capitais Were this tde of travel e Cherked compietely 1or & season the eesmmmie ennaions Bosrope woruld be seriously sfecied. An uncountabie pnter of persons would e Geprived of employmen', wio ere now 6uring e Umirist season engaged in cavering W the wants of these visiors, Mol ralirond. slenmibont, WO (B1 servives vl e reduced by & lerge percent- rge Enopieepers would find thelr trade materizlly lessened It i not 5 be suggested that such ermbergn e placed upon Americen It i & good investment in ed- snd, best of sl obswervation ‘There is € coriein type of wurist, however, who might beter sley oL home, or per- Lope 0 el ICmRL EDIOM DEIIGA- w well in carion n eulvure o onmperative | mittee chairman, Thomas 8. Butler of | { Pennsylvania, in taken. As Madden| long headed “appropriations,” Butler for | even a greater span of years had cap- | tained “naval affairs.” Their res| tive parliamentary speclalties ran nec- essarily on more or less parallel lines, | though sometimes the lines crossed in | more_than a literal sense. | Mr. Butler, quaint old Quaker that he was, was a fighting Friend. He bore a famous fighting son, “Butler of | | the Marines,” as the present command- | er-in-chief of our sea-soldiery now in| China is known. Representative But- | {ler nimself fought for better than a | quarter of a century for an effective | United States Navy. “He did more | for the upbuilding of the American fleet than any other man in Congress,” is the proud tribute paid his departed chief by Representative Britten of Ili- nois, who inherits the naval affairs chairmanship. “Unele Tom” Butler went down fight- | ing and in fighting togs. His last great effort in the House preceding his fatal | fliness was successfully expended in be- | half of the ffteen-crulser program, iater 1 be doomed by inaction in the | Benate. He belleved o his marrow in | naval armament, He ploneered in that | field a5 soon as the inadequacy of | Gemonsirated by the Spanish-American | War. Butier had no time for or patience | with the piffie of pacifists. A man of peace, he craved peace by preparedness, | In an America which has apparently | siccumbed — temporarily, as all true | patriots must hope—tn the insidious doctrine presched by professional mol- | lycoddles, & “Tom" Butler can il be spared. As was observed of “poor Yorick,” & Capitol Hil colleague might | well remark of the constructive states- man who will no longer tresd the| scene he long sdorned Gayly we'll explain. Small-town friends no longer fear Merciless review. Rumor, when campaign draws near, Concentrates on you. How folks talk and what they think In the neighborhood, Their beliefs on food and drink, discern a reference to the justly cele- brated liquor issue in that particular | bit of Hooverizing. P ‘There isn't any more politics in farm relief than there is in prohibition, judging by recent events in Congress. Party lines went to smash when the McNary-Haugen bill was passed in both houses, and they were wrecked even | Are, as themes, no good, mt in the ote to override When with statesmanship we mix | tho Prisirats eter | | the President’s veto. Now that farm Gossip’s grand refrain. Howdy! Old Priend Polities! Welcome, once again! Artistic Suspense. “Do you regard the primary system as advantageous?” “Emphatically,” answered Senator Borghum. “While it may not always be accurate in attaining results, it serves to prolong the excitement.” 4 | Unseasonable Freeze. | In Maytime many birds throughout the | land Must find it hard to say just where they stand. One hopped upon & limb and chilled his glee The limb was much more icicle than tree, Jud Tunkins says he started in life as a Boclalist, but finally saved up a little Delving and Debating. | “Yes, sir,” remarked Parmer Corn- tossel, “we farmers now claim to be | the most intelligent and responsible | | element of citizenship the Nation can Btate, so tourists won't have to go to hoast.” “On what theory?” “In order to drag & Uving out of the #o0ll these days & man has to he not | only resourceful, but quick-witted.” “He who lsughs at his misfortune,” | sald Hi Mo, the sage of Chinatown, “gets credit not so much for & cou- | Btate, but other Corn Belt delegations | schools and “install God.” 1In order to ! relief is sure to be a paramount issue in the 1928 election, the Democrats, on | what is known in the sporting world as | “the dope,” should be able to make the | stronger appeal to the bucolic breth- | ren. " Twenty-nine of them voted on May 25 to repass the McNary-Haugen | bill in the teeth of the White House, | while only 20 Republican Senators pre- ferred standing by the farmer to standing by Coolidge. Nobody prob- ably will ever know the anguish with which Senator “Charlie” Curtis' soul throbbed when he had to make up his mind whether or not to sustain the farm veto. His pro-veto vote can't hurt Kansas' favorite son In hix own at Kansas City may now be less en- thusiastic about Curtis than they might have been if and when the dark horses are trotted out. *xox ok Raymond Lonergan, who writes poll- tics at Washington for the rallroad brotherhoods, reports a diverting state of affairs in Florida. Former Gov. Bidney Johnston Catts, a Baptist minis- ter, who once defeated the regular Dem- ocratic organization, seeks another term at Tallahassee, and is setting a lively | pace in the gubernatorial primary cam- palgn. Catts says he wants to take “evolution and psychology” out of the make Plorida clergyman ad the ex- “'prosperous . ide open” vocates s Cuba to quench their thirst, bet on hnlrll races and otherwise enjoy them- selves, CR Senator Millard E. Tydings, Demo- crat, of Maryland, one of the heroes of the Muscle Shoals filibuster during the all-night session of the Benate, has been given a brilllant opportunity this year by his party, He's flul. been made irman of the Democratic senatorial | highly ”’r “He was & man, take him for all in all, | rageous heart as for & poor sense of 1 shall not look upon his like again.” 1t may be recalled that President | Conlisge wes 1alsed on & farm and s | entitied 1o think he knows what he s | talking about when sgriculture comes under Alscussion. .- Virtue Is Rewarded, Mphonse —Soarface Al—Capone Chicago, who st times has been Oe- | seribed a5 king of that city's hootieggers and hae reigned as an overlord in other | humor.” ¥ siveness. The Chinese citizens drew near And said, "It fsn't right For any one 1o inter This 1s a private fight.” We used 1o follow de bands,” sald Uncle Eben. “Bince dey put in dis o redlo everywhere, de bands keeps fol- | Tydings achieved an outstanding | derin’ us, - Those Overhead Costs, | #rom the Atlanta Constitution resims of the underworld as well, has | | Why sl this pother about what the gone oo the respectable business of | cundidates spend in their campaigns? cleaning snd dyeing. Announcement of Tis having been given & pertnershy in the Banitery Clesning Bhope, Inc,, of Chicego, goes 10 sHow that you cannol keep & good man down, Mard work perseversice, honssty, ebe, count in | the end ang xn 18 siways plenty nl roots 84 Lne Y m 19lling swue gelhiers | It ten’t the firet cost that worries us; it | is the overhesd | e | Trying 10 Get Out. | the Cleveland N campaign committee, which is charged with the responsible task of retaining the 17 Democratic seats at stake in the | 1928 elections, to say nothing of bagging some Republican seats, Tydings is & baby Benator, both in years and in tenure of office. He has only turned 38 and s in his first term In the upper house. At the age of 26, his native | lature, and seven years later he entered [ upon_a two-term eer in the House of Representatives at Washing h“ 1 ing record In Prance. His hrother Demeerata are confident he will assall the senatorial Hindenburg line with the same elan him from the enlisted ranks in 1917 to a lieutenant colonelcy by the time the war ended. L A Washington hotel claims the most historical telephone number in the United Stales, It's “Lincoln 1860." busiest_telephone s Main it Prom that switch- | | #eom | Passen held up and robbed on » in pull ot of Chicagn at least laim 1o have shown infigence In Wying o et oul, . connected with every | section of the legislative branch of the | Government, ined Main 3120 is in fact a self-contal telephone exchange of county sent him to the Maryland Legls- | D. 'C., MONDAY, . L ing the action of various chemicals Many chemical experiments are open to the inquiring mind of the boy, but most of them are mere experiments, interesting, it is true, but productive of no particular result. Photography offers a chemical reac- tion that combines all the interest of the laboratory experiment with the pleasure of securing actual, practical usable results. There is a real “kick” in mixing the chemicals, just 4 ounces of water for this one, precisely 8 ounces for that one. Temperatures of developer and fixing solution must be accurate. A boy learns to be careful, to avold being sloppy, to recognize the need for absolute cleanliiness in the process. At the same time, if he studies the work even slightly he comes to have an appreciation not only of nature but of what man has been able to wrest and utilize from nature. * o o % He learns that one element is in the developer to reduce to metallic silver the parts of the picture which have been affected by the light of the exposure. Another “peps” up this action, still a third tends to hold it back slightly, s0 nicely has man balanced t! ble actions of these chemicals, come to the experimenter of today in neat glass tubes. Another ingredient is a preservative. acted upon by the light. This standard photo chemical also “fixes” the prints made from the negatives, one sort of paper being simply a very “slow” film, except that the emulsion is coated on paper this time. These interesting experiments — broadly termed ‘“amateur photogra- phy"—may be carried on at a very small cost. Excellent cameras may be purchased fof so little as $2 or even less. Developing and printing outfits are for sale at comparatively small cost, but the | budget may be trimmed considerably | here if one knows how. The beginner does not need exactly everything that he might find convenient, of course. If his Dad has the money, of course, d| 1f a boy is buying his own things he can | get along with three of mother's soup bowls. The chemicals will not harm | them if they are washed out thoroughly. The absolu‘e minimum is a camera, a roll of film, developer, fixer, printing paper, printing frame and a ruby lan- tern. A very neat little lamp is to be secured for as little as 40 or 45 cents. This, with the addition of a printing frame at the same price, brings the to- tal “outfit” for developing and printing to the large sum of 80 cents. Perhaps a copy of a good book ought to be in-. cluded in tne outfit. For but little over | $4 absolutely everything necessary for | producing 12 good prints may be se- cured—and the camera, lantern, frame, book and most of the developer and fixer are left. ‘Everything may be secured, that is, ex- | cept Wwhat experience teaches. based upon the use of ordinary intelligence. This, of course, is the crowning achieve- | ment and the great interest of ama- | teur photography. A boy who takes a | few pictures may be building up a ca-| reer. 1If not, he has induiged in some most interesting laboratory work, had a lot of fun and undoubtedly got his money’s worth several times over. | its own, with 1,850 “stations,” or con- nections with individual telephones in the Capitol and House and Senate office buildings. In addition, it has| “tie lines” directly connected with the executive departments and the Library: of Congress, for the private use of members of the two houses. The chief operator of the Nation's most important telephone exchange is Mrs. Harriet G who has been on the job 30 'y | * KK K Peace hath her victories no less re- nowned than war, President d has just conferred medals of honor on two persons for acts of outstanding courage in saving lives on T ‘Both awards were made on the recom- e Interstate Commerce Commission. One medal went to Miss Jessie Knight of Mattoon, IIL, for & e ait ¢ gh’m‘ Tixt ahead ed one track of the r just of a locomotive to three children off the main track, where | train was bearing down upon them.| None was hurt. The second medal went to Charles W. Van Buren, station mas- ter at Jackson, Miss. On ber 6 1926, a small child fell on the track | just ahead of an approaching train. Van Buren leaped to the track, the child to l:ll:tl};‘ w';l hlt'. ‘b'!‘;h;‘l;- comotive as he tri &e - self, and escaped with slight injuries. - x o | National wealth of the United | States has increased a mere 4.400 per cent_since 1850, and it now amounts to $320,000,000,000. The New York in- vestment house which sponsors these figures has dug up some others. Since 1890, 18,500,000 telephones have been installed: value of manufactures has risen from $9,372,379,000 to $62,700,000,~ 000, and an American debt to Europe of $600,000,000 has been converted into an American credit abroad of about $14,000,000,000. (Copyright. 1928.) UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. mendation of the On ack threw | erican troops on the Prench front m:;n Montdidier deliver an attack against the German positions, fi ht their way through all objectives, in- cluding the village of Cantigny, capture 140 prisoners, and inflict severe losses in killed and wounded. Americi casualties are small, our men reaching the German second positions and con- solidating themselyes within three-quar- | ters of an hour. * * * British are | atified by hard hit Americans, and Frenc) delighted. * * * Hindenburg scor another spectacular success along & 25-mile front and Berlin claims 15,000 allied prisoners. Allled defenders are outnumbered 5 to 1 and fall back under ressure of heavy German forces. With ;um:h reserves beginning to arrive at the front and a slackening of the Ger- man momentum already apparent, the k is encouraging for the allfes. The German victory is looked upon ‘as more & moral than a material gain. Gen, Foch declined to waste his men :n h'ald (l)hll re outlool Y gainst superior odds partie position, * ‘Wood, denled service overseas, before President, but no ) status i» indicated. Priends of general oughout ecountry are highly indig- nant over his removal from active service layn case h B The Empty Gas Tank. From the Topeka Capital “Is there anything emptier, troit News plaintively asks. empty fountain pen?” ell, out In the country a mile from anywhere there s the empty line t - v had” Bush Glorious. he Baltimore Sun bush haa been In hlossom for some days down our way. Maybe you o tha becatan I coman a1w3a W s 5 3 Masyland thelr appesrance. the De- ‘than an PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK Recently a correspondent took me to task for insisting, as I have from time to time, that the learning of information is not the gist of education. ““You belong to the apostles of soft education,” he writes. “We need to get back to the hard education that made students master facts. All these mat- ters of insight, understanding and ca- ity to think a problem through are y-products of the hard and grueling learning of exact facts.” I want to remind my correspondent of the following page from ‘“Hard Times” by Charles Dickens: “ ‘Now, what I want is facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else and root out everything else. You can only form the minds of reasoning animals upon facts; nothing else will ever be of any service to them. This is the principle on which I bring up my own children, and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. Stick to facts, sir!” “Thomas Gradgrind, sir. A man of realities. A man of facts and calcula- tions. A man who proceeds upon the principle that two and two are four, and nothing over, and who is not to be | talked into allowing for anything over. Thomas Gradgrind, sir-+peremptorily | Thomas—Thomas Gradgrind. With a rule and a pair of scales and the multi- plication table always in his pocket, sir, ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature and tell you exactly what it comes to. It is a mere question figures, a case of simple arithmetic. “‘Girl, number twenty’' sald Mr. Gradgrind, squarely pointing with his square forefinger, ‘I don't know that girl. Who is that girl?’ “ ‘Sissy Jupe, sir,’ explained girl num- ber twenty, blushing, standing up, and curtseying. “ ‘Sissy is not a name,’ said Mr. Grad- grind. ‘Don't call yourself Sissy. Call yourself Cecilia. “‘He belongs to the horse riding, if | you piease, sir.’ “ ‘Very well, then. He is a veterinary | surgeon, a farrier and a horse breaker Give me your definition of a horse.’ “Sissy Jupe thrown into greatest alarm by this demand. *“ ‘Girl number twenty unable to define a horse!” sald Mr. Gradgrind. ‘Girl| number twenty possessed of no facts, in reference to one of the commonest of animals! Some boy’s definition of a horse. Bitzer, yours.’ * ‘Quadruped. Graminivorous. Forty teeth, namely, 24 grinders, 4 eyeteeth and 12 incisors. Sheds coat in the Spring; in marshy countries, sheds hoofs, too. Hoofs hard, but requiring to be shod with iron. Age known by marks in mouth." “‘Now, girl number twenty.’ sald Mr. Gradgrind, ‘you know what a horse is.’ " Thank you, Mr. Dickens, for an un- forgettable picture of the sterility of an education that is no more than a col- lecting of facts! Copsright. McClure Newspaper Syndicate. Objects to Cutting of D. C. Shade Trees To the Editor of The Star: I learn from today's papers that once more several sections of Wasl ington are to be “improved” by slaugh- tering the city's greatest asset, shade trees. I refer especially to the blocks he- tween Seventeenth street and: Penn: sylvania avenue on H street, Seven teenth street from H td K, and Con necticut avenue, in which the' trees | will doubtless be destroyed as usual to widen the streets. v Some time, after it is too late, cer- tain narrow-minded business brains of Washington — which need widening more than the streets—will learn that | this wanton destruction is worse than|fop line and a military a crime: it is a stupidity. - The one greatest industry of the Naa tion's Capital trade Gause this is a beawtiful city. beauty is its shade trees—certainly the hodge-podge of miscellaneous busi- ness architecture which absence of trees exposes in all its naked ugliness. Cities like Charleston, S. C., crowding their hotels during the season at $19 a day—and what is the attrac- tion? Stately trees and gardens and old houses and nothing else. leston has become wise * just in time . to capitalize and preserve these attractions. Meanwhile Wi is demolishing them as fast as possible, with the mistaken catchpenny, small town idea of “increasing parking space.” No policy could be more penny wise and pound foelish. MRS. CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL. Wi nning Flyer Glad to Aid Air-Minded | To the Editor of The Star: As one who was fortunate enough to win one of the prizes, wrist watch, offered by The Evening Star in the re- cent Curtiss Marine Trophy race, it would be entirely remiss upon my part if I did not accept the occasion to thank you for my prize. Of course, service aviators are al- ways glad to demonstrate to the public the possibilities, uses and different types of naval and military aircraft, because, | after all, we are working for the fel- | lows who are on the tax collecto: malling list. However, it must be confessed that prizes always stimulate interest and the competitive spirit which Is neces- sary in order that a race be attractive to the spectator. Apparently this race was very successful for those who watched as well as for some of those who flew. From all sides we are continually having questions put to us rnl.rdlnfihe uu; planes performance uses of the which took part in last Saturday's event. In this way we are very happy to contribute to the air-mindedness of the man in the street, and it is gratify- ing to us to know ti aviation is being more and more understood and ap- preciated. Since The Washington Evening Star took such a leading part in sponsos ing the Curtiss Marine Trophy race this year I feel that you are deserving of praise from both spectators and aviators, W. G. TOMLINSON. d| Says “Third Degree” Is Used on Aliens To tha Editor of The Star T have just read your editorial in ‘The Bunday Star concerning “The Third Degree” among criminals. It may be interesting to you to know that “the third degree” Is often prac- ticed on people seeking to come to United States on a visit. It is reported that at Ni a Falls, N. Y. on April 27, 1928, a lady from ‘Toronto, Canada, was put through “the third degree” by immigration inspectors from 10 o'clock in the morning until 11 o'clock at night, and that she was so exhausted when she reached her hotel that maids had to put her to bed. This lady was only seeking to come to Wash- ington to visit her daughter, who is an American citizen. I have called this matter to the at- ftention of the Secretary of Labor. 1 have asked him to investigate and find out it it was true. If it is true the im- migration department in this Govern- ment should get a shaking up such as they never before had and there are many who . belleve that they do use many high-handed methods in exclud- ing visitors. E. E. DUDDING. R Seems Well Qualified. From tha New York Herald Tribune, T qur,{y of 31 words, We were wrong in our opinion that he ought not to be st to United States Senate. What is your father? | B ! did American ships escorting convoys ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This newspaper puts at your a corps of trained researchers ‘ndwcul ington who will answer questions for you. They have access to the Govern- ment departments, the libra mu seums, gfleflu, and public 3 and to the numerous associations which maintain headquarters in the Nation's Capital. If they can be of assistance to you, write your question plainly, and send with a 2-cent stamp to The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic hidding a player to wear his sweater at bat>—R. N. | 'A. Some umpires do not recognize the sweater as part of the uniform. the major leagues a player is expected to go to bat without a sweater, but if it 15 a very cold day, the chances are that the captains will agree that the players may wear sweaters. Q. How is the fact that a runner gets his “second wind” accounted for?—S8. A. The Public Health Service says that by “second wind” i3 meant an ad- | justment of the heart rate to the in- take and outgo of air in the lungs. | Q. Would the Bremen have floated if it had landed on the water?—S8. J. A. Whether or not an airplane which is forced to land in the water will sink immediately depends upon the condi- tion of the gasoline tanks. If the tanks | are empty or almost empty, the plane Il float for a time. If the tanks are full. the plane will probably sink al- most, immediately. The Bremen was not. equipped with pontoons or with any device which would enable:it to land on the water. LG Who ts the ruler of Liberia?— "A. Liberia is an fdependent republic. ‘The President is Cha: D. B. King. Q. How far can a horse swim?— e 3 A. A horse has been known to swim two miles at one time. Q. Do Japai American goods t] nese people use more han the Chinese do? A. Last year Japan used $5.00 worth per !:):Dltl while China used 27 cents’ wort| Q. How much damage to submarines | —W. W do?>—P. N. A. During the 18 months of war when American vessels escorted con- voys through the war zone 183 attacks were made by them'upon submarines, 24 | submarines were damaged, and 2 known | to have been destroyed. | Q. How tall is Gov. Ritchie of Maryland?—J. C. G. A Albert C: Ritchie is over 6 feet in height and weighs about 185 Q.. How many did France have after Napoleon?—R. G. A rouawlnx Naj Prance-had | three kings an ;;rue Louis XVIIL ippe.- while Napoleon emperor. is Persian for moun- which originally. " It is one of the crown jewels of Great Britain. and its present weight is 106 1-16 carats. Q. How does the drug store beetle get fts"name?—S. L. : A."-Because it eats nearly all' kinds of drigs. It is a very general feeder and has been said to “eat anything except cast iron.” = Q. What is the military crest of a mountain?—J. J. A.. The crest of a mountain is the crest is the highest point at which it is possible to make a pass or trail over the mountain. Q. What are the arguments in thor of daylight saving?—A. S. are: To health, as medical societies and y per_testimon: many physicians; J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C.| Q. 1Is there any rule in base ball for- | AR | !Mq.c What does Kohinoor, mean?— to sport, base ball, rowing, tennis and other national associations, hearty sup- gon; to home gardeni the extra our of daylight in the affernoon, g ing an opportunity to work in vegetable garden: to the bocke saving one-quarter of the lighting turning on the light an hour every night. Q What does the word mean?—M. R. C. A. 8ir Thomas Moore coined Utopia rom two Greek words, one meaning ‘mot” and the other “place.” When and where was the Ivr'..!h carried in the United States> later Utopia | | | um! | A. The first umbreila scen i | country was used by 4 man in 1772 on | the streets of Baltimore. He had pur- | chased it in a Baitimore shop that nad | imported it from India. . What minerais are present milk?—T. T. A. Mineral constituents of milk that are especially important to the body are phosphorus, fron and lime. Q. How long has the poet Swinburne been dead’—C. E. M. A. Algernon Charles Swinburne. Fnglish poet and dramatie author April 10, 1 Q. How large is the federal district in which the capital of Australia is sit- uated?—P. K. A. Canberra is located in a f district of about 900 square miles territory was formerly part of New South Wales. Sky Raider” 1In this pieture n gxru planes that he used in the W ar. .. Did . Gen. Goethals favor 2 sea- level canal or a lock canal?—S8. P. . Prom the beginning he favored the lock form of canal across the Isth. mus of Panama. Q._What is the official language of the Belgian Congo?—E. R. A. The official language is French. Q. Does the loss of sleep influsnce the pulse rate in any way’—H. P. A. The ioss of sleep increases the pulse rate. Q. In what country did the dogwood tree originate?’—M, 8. T. A. Cornus us Cornus. . 8°0"this tree which are Europe, Asia and North Q. Please give directions for making a tennis court.—B. J. A. In constructing a tennis court the ound should be dug up to about & 3- oot ; then it d be E == | fine brickdust. Q. Is a canal across Nicaragua feasi- | ble?>—J. W. M. ! A. A canal in Nicaragua seems i be possible, but the elevation is so great | that the expense entailed would be enormous. Q. How many rural routes are there in the United States, and how many mail boxes to a route?—J. W. F. A. On May 1. 1928, there were 44.370 route is 119.7. . Are many new Jewish synagogues 8. Q. being built?—W. A. The American Hebrew says tha | | t The main benefits claimed for it | gogues, An outstanding fact connected with | Aid Given by Smith’s Friends Surprise to Many Americans Criticism of the_contributions comes the congressional investigation -of pri- | from the Santa Barbara Daily News mary expenditures in the national cam- | (Democratic), which says: “The testi- paign is the testimony from a small jmony proved that Smith is the fa- group of wealthy men that they con- |vored son of the Tammany group of tributed to the Smith funds because of | contractors and political business men. good will toward the candidate. This |* * * Of course, the men who gave this phase of politics, it is indicated, sur- |money had-no ulterior aims They prised many commentators, who accept | merely wanted to help Al. They told it as sincere if unusual altruism and a |the committee so. Yes. indeed. it is tribute to the governor. Others, how- | well that the people should be reminded the | does ever, are prone to doubt the purity of | these philanthropists’ motives. “A man must have something to him to inspire such friendship,” exclaims the Roanoke Times (independent Dem. ocratic). e must have personality, for one thing. But he must have more than that. He must have characier. sincerity, qualities of heart and of mind that inspire loyalty, than which there is no finer human quality. Evidently Al Smith has those qualities. His friends think so, at any rate.” “Here apparently is an instance.” ac- cording to the St. Louis Post-] tch (independent), “of a romantic, it idolatrous friendship that finds its lusty. joyous reward in the sheer act of giv- ing.” That paper, however, giving ser!- ous attention to the policy involved. re- marks: “Whether it conforms with sound public policy for any man to give such a large sum of money ($70.000 from William F. Kenny) to furthering a friend’s political ambition may be de- batable. We know that the public ordinarily views such generosity with suspicion. ‘There is a feeling that it is not so much a donation an invest- ment; that it is the price of offictal favor, say, or material privilege. We do not believe that any imagines Mr. Kenny is actuated by an ulterior motive.” “What a fine thing it is to have friends of the type of those who have come forward to aid Gov. Smith, who rejolce in his success and are anxious to help in putting him into the most exal office in the '“! of the le of the United States!” says the n- ton Times (Democratic), while the New York Times (independent) refers these contributors’ stated willingness to give even more as “another demonstra- tion to the country that there is some- thing unusual about the personality of Gov, Smith”; that he “has proved. in four terms as governor, that he does not exch: public favor for ml: friendship.” In comment on the 3 attitude, the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch (Independent Democratic) states, “This no more than justice to Go that Al Smith dwells in the Tammany | wigwam, and that he is a faithful son of the tribe! It would be well, also. for them to remember the history of Tammany and for what it still stands.” “Only about $3.500. it was testified, has so far been used in the furtherance of his cause in North Carolina.” od- serves the Charlotte News | that the friends of the Government wi not spend the money when the opportune or strategic time comes * * ¢ When it leaks out from New York that Gov. Smith's campaign managers | have plenty of money and for spending P , it is not at all probable that the friends of the govermor in this | State will fail to find places to put it | The Manchester Union (independent Republican), suggests: “Party leaders outside the Empire State who have al- lied themselves with the Smith move- ment will hardly fafl to draw the nes difficult inference that. in case B makes the race as the Democratd standard bearer, his cam be seriously handica the sinews of war. h is g be as gladsome tidings by CEE I | 2 Conceding the sincerity of the affec- i tion of these contributors for Gov Smith, the New York Evening Post (independent) asserts: “Nevertheless their testimony brought out the undenia- ble fact that the list of the Smith cam- paign fund contributions as published to the country comes under the head of bad polities. It is just as bad poli- tics as was the large total to which the Hoover fund was allowed to ts ‘weakness lies in the facts that it is con- tributed almost in its entirety by New Yorkers: also that one man gave al- | most three-fourths of it in the consider- able sum of $70,000, and, finally. that & mumber of the other givers were men connected with Tammany finance Discussing the question of party funds in a more favorable light, the on Daily News | | rated | talent. Smith, in whose record, despite the Democrat has any business with most intensive scrutiny, no blemish | pajgn fund. It is scandalous for Lem has yet been found.” | crats to have money for a campaign. LR | That's the specialty of the other par®y | and Democrats have no business invad- “While Al Smith was sacrificing | Wg the copyrighted financial field. The golden opportunities, literally,” it is | scandal tone of some of the papers pointed out by the Louisville Times | at discovering that Smith's friends have {Independent), “some of his friends | spent on his natiopal campaign one- who, like him, had the ability which | fiftieth as much as the two Republican brings men to th wfi from the bot- | factions spent In their last nnsyl- tom; became multimillionaires. It is | vania senatorial c: ign should warn not surprising that they continued to ' Democrats of their Jerent status be- be the friends—warm friends—of a | fore the dollar law. man whose capacity to make friends is| The Albany Evening News (inde- notable. It is not s that some | pendent iblican), however, s of them. among and Todd, | “There has about give large amounts to Gov. was not money-making. as & man long in the public servl whose record and reputation are such offer large sums to promote his candi- dacy the not looked upon as being on'the BARE" attaches to ticularly -n:u Syracuse ‘the Smith cam) the incident that Pord while in England made | that when self-made multimillionaires ' in all its features, will be with the same open frankness that : characterized his every public ach 28 years of ofice.™ a2 e