Evening Star Newspaper, February 19, 1928, Page 39

(Continued from Third Paj Mecca a small army to capture him found a surprising rcslsut::lve. he Fmphrl safely among them. but vmh! 0 of their number dead on the battle- fleld. The bodies of these were muti-| Amrou captured its ancient and modern lated by the women of Mecca: and one | capitals. Norror of | their irresistibly pious way along the they Mohammed's party fled, with pious lady expressed her monotheism by eating the entrails of Hamza. the uncle of Mohammed. storm _overthrew the th d %orces. pursued them Iecca, defeated them. self master of the city strategic gencrosity, enemics ived. and united factions in triumphant religion. And now ha wh gospel to ever e sword g the new fai! ba ~Ala: of God confiscated their wealth and sent them xile. as if to afford a model to the in of the Jews had Koreish against he besieged them. forced them to d had 700 of them buried into inquisition. Co taken sides with the hin surrender. & 1e looked on inflexi X he passed from TOOPS W victory im one God d tribes of Arabia. and them in leadership, o a great he saw make under his bject to the Eastern ast 10 and sub; . and dared at that ancient power, ‘When _his even his country Iree. fo! fearful of the great Kkings o; of as an argument against the tantinople, alleged the heat them, is hotter: he answered prophetic sternness, “Hell victors’ | sight of romantic Spain and while confusion weakened | chieftain, Count Julian, having (s n. the prophet, not lacking in the wisdom of gfhis world. returmied with o nd made him- Then, with he forgave such the ed the glories of Mohammed iound a new inspira- nded him to bring people, even if he 1 teach them the truth by the point He began with the Jews they should have the option or mecting replied the rant of the use of to rise over the ruins of Solomon's Temple. The Mosque of Omar stands there today, one of the fairest sights of the Holy City, carrying no sign of the wars which gave it birth. The triumphant army turned now to | Egypt. and in a brief campaign (638) Other Moslem forces made | “mrllxem coast of Africa, and at last {stood at the Pillars of Hercule: A 8 said) sworn revenge on his King for seducing Julian's daughter, aided the | Moorish general at eve step, :md] fuided him to victory. The Saracens | (for this name, with so many others. | had now been attached to the followers of the great prophet) landed in 711 A. D. on that gigantic rock which thence- forth was called. after the Moorish | leader, Gebel al Tarik, the mountain of | Tarik—and then. by gradual corruption, Gibraltar. On the plain of Xeres the Spanish and Moslem armies met. and | for a time the invading force. over-| whelmed by numbers. seemed destined | to their first defeat 1y brethren, said Tarik, “the enemv is before you. | the sea behind: whither woul fiy?" The desperate Moors fought like men who count Nfe a questionable boon: the Spanjards at last gave w and the victors, careless of their losse: and drunk with blood pushed on over | plain and mountain to the siege and | conguest of Cordova. Granada and | | Seville. From the Western end Ofl Europe to the Eastern end of Persia a dozen nations had been within a cen- tury united into one Moorish realm. * % hrough all this territory, and later ough the northern half of India relizion of Allah and Moh: (It was in manv ways a sin its strict monotheism seemed self ov the side of the in tarianism that was entang in theological cobwebs and s hate: and its priestless ritual of fastin and praver was closer akin to prim Christianity than the complex c ialism and mythology of a repasanized Catholicism. Only in its theories of the after life did Islam (ie.. obedience to | God) rival the creeds of medieval Eu- | rope: it pictured a terrible hell for all | who should refuse to accept Mohammed. To all tribes he offered the simple '8 place of eternal torment and fire choice: Al death 50 campaxns, and in lacking he attacked caravans, revealed to him, by was reserved for the and charities and v divided among the soldiers. His success as a general was the foundation of his religion; from every part of Arabia brave plunderers fiocked to his standard, glad to recog- Bize an inspiration that captured such dant booty. After every battie wives and daughters of became the concubi a_ rule, divint which one-fif expense: t was evenly _the prophet did not radise, but rewarded the delights of Eros. He nes much, and women more, and believed that his piety was in- creased by the satisfaction of his pas- sions wait for Pa vith all have as many as four wives; but by another cecree he exempted himself from thus unworthy limitation, and an- nounced his rght to as many women as might seem beautiful to him. “If we remember the 700 wives and 300 concubines of the wise Solomon,” says Giboon, shall applaud the modesty of the Ar who espoused no more ke was a man of courage noi without a certain conceit. He might d his follow d 1o believe it; have made " private med was like that of He kindled the fire, . milked the ewes, and shoes and clothing. He was as kind and courteous to the poor | Nietzsche and simple as he was attentve and lah and Mohammed, or war | Whose victims “shall not taste coolnes In 10 years he directed OT drink. save scalding fought in person ine of them. When enemies were and | the desert sun: while those who lived ed the spoil in strict adherence to firmly in the faith, or died for it in its He decreed that his followers to the er and run ning sores,” and shall d the scald- ing water like thirsting camels under holy wars, would be received into ever- ‘1a§nng happiness. reclining upon lux: { urious cushions, drinking wine to the: i desire’s content (but “their heads shall not ache with it, neither shaill they be | confused™. and served by girls whose 1 beauty would be theirs to command and | would remain a joy forever. On the earth. however. the good Mos- |lem must restrain himself. and live a | {stoic life. He must recite his creed | | every day, and five times daily he must | kneel and pray, with his face turned toward the city of the proph: irth | During the whole month of Ramadan {when Gabriel revealed the Koran to Mohammed) he must neither eat nor drink, nor indulge in love. from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof. He must give alms to the poor. for. though prayer will take him half way to God, fasting will lead him door of God's dwelling, only alms will gain him admittance. Each | | Fridav he must go to the temple and | | join his fellows in prayer. And if he | can. he must. at least once in his life. | make a pilgrimage to Mecca, and kiss the Kaaba, still worshiped as the sa- cred stone that Abraham had placed there countless years before. * ok ox % ! The moral code built upon the new | creed was less perfect than that of Christ, and more adapted to humar fiesh. It recognized and encouraged | the dominance of man over woman, and sanctioned his custom of having a variety of wives and keeping them in| the strict seclusicn and discipline of the * {harem. No woman should go into the streets without her master's permis- | sion. or unveiled; no woman should | ever show her face to any man except her father, her brothers, and her hus- band. Even a Western philosopher, | (unable to win one bit of | love), looked with envy and admiration respectful to the powerful and rich. upon this firm and masculine code. | He killed many thousan of friends| "Outside the circle of the one t and enemies: but what founder of a faith Mohammedanism cxacted no xrmnf siate has done his work without stain- | possible kindliness. The Moslem would ing his hands with blood? In the end be courteous to strangers and hospitablc | he left unity where there had been to those who trusted him: he would | +chacs, he left power where there had grant freedom of worship to minorities | been impotence, he left a nation where ' accepting his rule: even in war he would | there had been only scattered tribes. he was a and Saladin might teach the princes of | He vwas not a saint; Napoleon of the desert. who had dis- covered the military utility of words. keep his word. whatever might befall: | Europe the high-born art of being a gentleman. Every race that refused the | He lived 10 the age of 62, and died Drophet was an enemy, and no honest midst of ecstasy. At the last he | Moor would rest till all such races had posed 1o dictate a final revelation which should supersede all that he had He described the and told how last aonor oul thould not be take: hiz conse: Th ¥ mission, ©f blood shed in the c night epent in arms, is than two months of fa Uk Hesith end & Lhe i [ tha ure 1 Oierwise men & who lov atier than valing b deslioyed 2 K e i MO i [T fiyh v vered i, Uridmph. NG Al olice gRY oreere end lei6 plans 108 & greet mobgu : Khorasean 94 60 Uik GnnKILE Nor will Gud Omer been made to bite the dust; but within Isiam the watchword must be peace. The good Mohammedan must honor | his parents, circumcise his children, | protect the fatherless, help the poor, | give full measure and just weight, be | of | Abstinent and thrifty. " { we have much fore | instance of it is the loss of *! | emphasize that while We have in the British race, un-| doubtedly., it of foresight; it has been rather the statesmanship of insight say, it has been a orac‘‘cal and not an imaginative statesmanship. THE SUNDAY (Continued from First Page.) which again has its qualities and its limitations. A practical people does one thing at a time, and it does not se- lect for its mer\xlos anything but what it feels is within the compass of its power to achieve. Having done one thing at a time, it makes that a starting point for the next, so that it has continuity of action. You may say the empire was duil® up not by planning but by doing one thing and then finding that that one thing led on to another thing. Another characteristic has been that we regard it rather a waste of time to argue about abstractions and status, and so forth. Our pullic men are not very much occupied with theorles until they see how they are going to apply them to_some vote they are going to give in Parliament or elsewhere. There is no better instance of thig than the status of the British govern= ment, which in theory is a_ despotism The ministers are appointed by the gov= ernment; they can be dismissed by the| King He can appoint whom he likes and he can dismiss them when he likes. | That is the theorv of the constitution But as the government can raise no money unles the question first is voted v the House of Commans. 1t fol- lows that it is of no use for the King 0 appoint or dismiss ministers at his will; his government would have no moiey and could not exist. As the government therefore depends on the House of Commons, we have not bothered in the least about its theoretical status in the constitution. * % % ¥ Another point I want to take in illus- tration of our being a practical people is our capacity to learn by experieace. That is not foresight. I co not think sight i1 our states- manship, but we have had a capacity for Jearning by experience. An excellent Ameri can colonics in the eighteenth century If we had had statesmarship in the sense of foresight we should not have lost those colonies. I was told by Lord Acton years ago that the young Mirabeau, when he heard that the British had taken the French colonies in North America, satd: “The British having aken the French colonies, will now lose their own.” What he meant was that so long a: there were French colonies in North America as rivals of the British colo ! nies, the latter would be dependent on the strong arm of the mother country to maintain themselves against their rivals, but that once the French colonies were taken, England’s colonles would no longer feel that dependeace, and would become independent. Perhaps the younger Mirabeau also was a keen enough observer of character to realize that the English race, not hav- ing foresight, could not understand, as he did. the change whi would come in the point of view of the British colonies. But the English race does learn by ¢x- perience. take The result is what was seen at the last imperial conference—a number of colonies which have grown to be self- | governing dominions c¢yning here and | machines in London. | remaining attached to the common- |doner feels the need of something to | | wealth of nations in the empire. That|cure a cold or to gulet his nerves he | imperial conference was a great snccess. | drops a coin in a slot machine on the | | I do not want to qualify that for a 110- |street corner and receives the needed | ment: but it is again an tnstenc: that| “relief.” | British statesmanship does not consist | in foresight, but in learnng by txperi- | hair tonic, it has been reported. ence and in recognizing facts. o ox . ‘The conference was a great success because it solemnly recognized as a fac: | that the dominions have enual statu | with the mother country, which was al- ready an accomplished fact oefore the conference met. That is why I want to had statesmanshi 1as not been statesmansh'p That is to Now I come to limitations in the English race, which follow partly, I think, from our qualities, I have said nothing about the religious and moral character of the British race, but not because it does not exist. It is quite true that when once the British race is confronted clearly with an issue which it understands to be an issue between what is right and what is wrong, there is an uprising of conscience which is a remarkable and satisfactory !hmfmd a But the British race has also very material side. We get angry when foreign nations say we are a material- istic race, a nation of shopkeepers and so forth. We do not think that & true Judgment of us, because we are con- to make; he died before he could conquer the earth: but his successors marched to the very gates of Vienna, and on their return destroyed Bagdad. slaying 800.000 persons there alone. In 1400 Tamerlane led another inunda- tion, scattering ruin and uprooting cul- ture wherever he passed. Finally the Ottoman Turks, a branch of the Mon- gol race, appeared in Asia Minor in the fifteenth century; their barbarian igor drove everything before them: ity after city of the Arab empire fell, {and even the ancient Christian capital salutation, History is never tired of trony | The Fall of the Caliphate. For 500 years t ruled, and e flowers of cultur 0 10 Epain ¢ First of all, their ruined them: to taste flesh 18 o lose risks and hardship of ?Chthl’l Z luxury the joys the relish ps 0 war o hools could not c and Mohammed with the tioning faith that had Jents cts grew up within the fold, and ars broke out in which Moor slew oor with Moorish ruthlessness. One math rose and announced himself N of Mohammed s accepted hy [ three such antiug in his ded one me host of ) L W oplunge a rt ier v drovn, and a t preciple said their com bt you hiave y be chanea fared When Om- and d quarrels Abbmssides ove des they oftered cy U the defested 1 8 feant of recon came, and the lain as the Wiard was Pt up. 1 fented Bation, victors had down W eat ad over thelr Glisbon, “and These were the internal cuuses of | Gecay, wdd 0 them the neviteble 2| changes I commerce and Industry, and V| the inveslons of hordes” tiom t{the dists | Moorieh pover ot Tt the empire had rested upon the LG | ecumpion of caravan rade after the Ilaecy of Junne und the disappeniance € ol grest fleets, dU fell when the cities of Europe grew rich encugh o bulld feets once more for the ansport of their g Nor was 1 the stopping of the Aiab srmy by Charles Marte) Tours et proved the urning point | s Arah hisbory. 1L was tie coming of i MAongols warriors even more Tuth Jebs w0 ferocious than e Mours i | 218 Genghls Khan swept adown on | e Turkestan, using the guns &nd the € | gunpowder thet Chine hsd taught him expelled from Spain by | strengthened oceanic | commerce built on the Bosporus by Constantine, Though the conquerors accepted Mo- hammed’s congenial faith, they could not absorb the civilization which they found. Bagdad became a village again and Asia Minor faded once more from history. In 1492 the weakened Moors were a dynasty with the growth of trade. The mosques were transformed into cathedrals, the In- quisition replaced the Caliphate and & lazy agriculture replaced the busy of Arab and Jewish days. The exiled Moors crossed barous Africa and forgot their ancient arts. Arab cuiture died, and the cur- ta . fell upon one of the bloodiest epochs in human history. Cops nieht v Wil ny Durant Spring is It has never repeated & mis- | into bar- | STAR, WASHINGTON, scious there is a real moral sense in the English race; but, at the same time, we ought to remember that there is very real strain of materialism in * ok ok ow Therefore, in dealing with character- istics shown in English public life, I have been taking these instincts for truth and for order, rather than any great ideal, because, as a matter of fact, being a practical people, we have been doing practical things throughout our history. Though we are quite capable of responding to ideals and have a real moral sense, when you look through our history—and it is no discredit to us—the fact is that we have had to deal with practical problems and find solutions: and it is because we are a practical people that we have found solutions, rather than the fact that we have gone out into the world as crusaders with any ideals we cherished at the moment. We have been lacking in imagination Perhaps it *is true that almost every race lacks imagination. But we, at any | rate, have not had great plans. [ think there are other nations that have had | much greater conception than we have | {of policy, and sb forth. I am inclined | i to think that. though our lack of imag- Ig nation has not made us a very populay people in the world, at the same time H that very thing has contributed to the particular things we have achieved in our public life. | 1 would sum up the matter by saying | this: Without the energy of the original | stock in the English race we would have been a supine people and would have done very little. Without that strong sense of necessity of order, the very| energy we had would have nmdured‘ chaos. Without the practical sense | which made one thing lead to another | there would not have been continuity of action and we should not have de- veloped and growh and built up. If wi had had more imagination we would | probably have planned far too much ! attempted things which were beyind | | our compass at the time and have made, wreck, where. as a matter of fact, we | | have achieved success. If we had plan- ned a great empire I think we would | | probably have gone too far and not | have achieved it. 8 . e One of the charges sometimes made against the English race is that we do not deserve an empire because we did | | not plan it. We have found ourselves in positions which have turned to aur | | | advantage and where we have had tc | say to the world: “Tt is quite true thar | this has turned to our advantage, but 11 {‘'was rfot what we were thinking of or | intended. That, in a sense, is a limita- | tion: and. again, the compensation of | the iimitation.” | _If I were to sum up in one sentencs the quality which has most helped the | British race in its development I think | I would put it in this way: That it hac been the power to combine with thr | passion for individual liberty the sens | of the necessity of order. | PO | Medicine in Slot Machines. 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