Evening Star Newspaper, February 12, 1928, Page 42

2 TRE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. b R WASHINGTON, D.C SUNDAY......February 12, 1828 STHEODORE W. NOYES....Editor ‘ 2 Star Ne C y '.I‘hal'renln:n“::._ eg;v:'mr ompany L1th St and anta Ave. 110 East 42nd St. New York Office: Chicago Office: Tower Butlding. European Office’ 14 Rexent St.. London, Fnetand the City. Rate by C: ™he l::m,n (s” 3¢ per wonth. The Evening rrier Within L i ) +. - 60c per month Sunday Star « whe Sundaye! 63¢ per menth The Sunday Star.... e per copy Collection made at the t each month Orders may be sent tn by mail or telephone Main 5000 —Payable In Advance. nd and Virginia. L1 e S000: 1 mo., T3e 1y 005 1 o Bl 00" 1 m Rate by M Marylai Daity and Sunda Dails only : Stndar onte 100 er All Other States and Canada. Tvr. S12.00.1 mo. $1.00 L vel SH00%mos - Tae Tyes $400° tmos 33 | Mermber of the Associated Press. The Assaciated Press is exciusively entitled 1o the use for republication uf atl news dia atches crediied (o 1L or not uiherwise ored ted i this paper and alen the | news Published herein All righis of publication ©f special dispaiches berein are also reserved Sundar only The Unemployment Situation. To tell a bread linc or a man hunting for a bread line that unemployment conditions throughout the country are not as bad as they might be, that there | s no national emergency comparable to | 1921 when five or six million men were | out of work and that better prospects | are ahead. is conducive to tangible re- sults, but they are apt to take the form | ©f brickbats and chunks of mud heaved | at the source of such oracular remarks. ©One may regard with disapproval the | action of disorderly pickets in New York on Friday who descended upon a con- ference called to discuss unemployment, carrying with them placards reading. “Gov. Smith, we want food, not figures”: *“We want work, not words"; “Surveys do not pay rents,” and “We want work or wages™ But such disapproval is| highly seasoned with sympathy. Unemployment is a specter that can mever be completely obliterated from the rosiest of dreams. and it has a habit of stalking in when least expected or desired. It is making its presence known now in various sections of the country, and the usual cries of alarm | are heard. But its extent is largely a | matter of guesswork. Gen. Jacob S Coxey. ubiquitous leader of “Coxey's Army,” reports that twenty-five per cent of the factories from Minneapolis to | Boston are idle. a statement that in all probability is grossly inaccurate. Tak- ing 100 as s base figure in the year 1923 the United States Employment Bervice index statistics on factory em- ployment are: December, 1926, 90.9: November, 1927, 85.9; December, 1927, 85.1. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. estimates factory layoffs as 7.7 in December of 1927, as compared to 7.1 in the same month of 1926. The United States Employment Service fig- ures on rate of applications per 100 Jobs are 145 in December, 1927, as com- pared to 134 in December, 1926. The Detroit weekly employment index for the last week in January showed an In- | dustrial employment in that city of 223,502 for the last week in January, as compared with 215601 for the corre- sponding week of 1926. The Depart- ment of Labor is now making a survey, the results of which may be known in 8 few weeks and which allow more @efinite conclusions regarding Nation- ‘wide econditions. Except for the seasonal slump which mekes itself feit after Christmas and begins to recover in March, those fa- miliar with fundamental causes of un- | employment are unable to fix responsi- bility for the wave that is reported in some sectionsof the land. The theorythat & slump occurs In a presidentiz] clection year has been exploded as unscientific ‘The Mississippi and New England floods, together with the shutdown in the Ford plants, may all have had a contribu- tory effect. But outside of these, from ‘which recovery already has begun, there are no important economic changes which would have thrown grest num- bers of men out of work. On the other hand, the volume of construction throughout the country has kept its upward trend. unexpectedly exceeding in 1927 the figures for 1926, and with mo indication of a letdown for at lesst eight months. The States have big road-bullding programs awaiting the advent of Spring. Here in the Capital the bullding trades are better off now than last Summer, and further im- provement b expected in March. 1 The President’s conference in 1921, | ealled W consider the emergency of thal | year, dealt with it in two ways. Pirst, it set up & propaganda for actual pre- vention, through proper sgencles, of want and suflering. Secondly, it un- @ertook the compilation of those tire- wme facls and figures which bake no | bread wdsy, but tend o supply it to- morrow. No conference could, or can, ¢o more. ‘The exhaustive report on business cycles and unemployment | which grew out of the 1921 conference | explains some of the basic ressons for e phenomena of recurrent booms and siumps, Wgether with recommendauons for thelr avoldance. Mr. Hoover has Just announced the appolntment of an- other committee which will determine fucts relating wo shifts of employment, ehznges in methods of production in in- Gustry snd sgriculture, shifts in price Jevels snd other kindred subjects. By such surveys business will becone more Intormed shout Pself, learn Ganger signals shewd and steer a course woomdingly. The Pedernl Government cun meke no more valusble contriby Uon Wwerd lessening the evils of un- employment than by the compilaton of such facts No cure can he found list does not consider the causes Uiough the ceuses may require yesrs of oftort hefore making themselves known - P £ many prominent men figure in the o1 inquiry Lt Lhe courtroom resembles ® Hell of High Finsncial Feme .- Pin-Pricked Currency. Gue of the latest manifestations of Oriental ecoenliicity i snnounced from Constantineple, where meny of e Jurkleh government's one-llrs notes ore helng caiefully sorutinied o sce L wnethier the puplis of the eyes of Ui porusit of President Kemsl sdorning !u shime hiave been pin-pricked. ‘These LSS RS 0 WSS Ugph Ugpy are W note | visible only when the bifl is held to the light. Any one caught by the police with such & damaged note is arrested unless he can tell where he got it. Arrests are culprit is found and sustains heavy punishment. At first glance such slight mutilation would appear not worth no- ticing. Americans use and circulate bills that have had all sorts of little things done to them, by either accident or design. It is unlikely that any onc over here would get in the least excited to discover that a pin had been stuck through the eye of Andrew Jackson or Grover Cleveland or Washington, Franklin, Michael Hillegas, Benton, or some Indlan chieftain. The circulatory value of the bill would certainly not be impaired, although such action might be a technical violation of the law. Perhaps, however, such an act is con- sidered much more heinous im older countries, which cling more closely to ancient superstitions. There come at once to mind “black magic” storles, in which a small wax figure of hum on whom a curse was desired s twisted, malformed, subjected to ordeal by fire and to pin-pricks In vital or tender spots. The fact that Kemal is a living person, and a possible belief that as such he is vulnerable to the “evil eye" or other such nonsense, may have aroused the lately emancipated. but tenaciously conservative, Turks. How- ever, one would think that Kemal him- self would be the last to fret over any such ridiculously dences of dislike or antagonism, s Chinese Communism. a shoging outbreak of Communism in ders of propertied persons are taking place. More thzn a million farmers, fishermen and salt makers have “gone red,” cstablished a commune, wiped out land titles and confiscated the property of the wealthy. The movemecnt, it is stated, Is spreading. Many villages have becn besieged and razed, the vil- lage elders decapitated, their heads mounted on poles and carried on as warning of the fate to be visited on the inhabitants if they resist Communism. Prisoners who have been taken by the provincial authorities, in an cffort to stamp out this epidemic of radicalism, have boasted that all Kwangtung will be under the red flag within a month. ‘This is one of the results of the Rus- sian intrigue in China, which has al- ready cost thousands of lives and grievously complicated the Chinese po- litical situation. While th» Russian agents have been repudiated and de- ported, in some cases slain, their mis- chievous work continues. The Chinese in the areas of this agitation are des- perately poor. They have been in- flamed with greed. Having no concep- tion of the political significance of the Russian doctrines, they are lured by the idea of expropriation of property in the name of the proletariat. They, of course, have no notion of what “pro- letariat” means. They know that they are poor, that life is a bitter struggle, and they see affluence about them. “Help yourselves,” the Russians told them. “Take what you can seize and make it your own. Kill if you are re- sisted.” And they have taken and killed and burned, have run amuck, and thou- sands of square miles are in turmoil. Of course, this condition cannot last. It is not an organic movement that is now convulsing those parts of China where Communism has spread. It is a mob movement. and there will be a re- action, caused in large part by the very violence of the present disturbance. Even these wretched people will find ultimately the need of organization, and out of the chaos of wild individu- alism must come some form of orderly administration. The bolsheviks of Moscow cared nothing whatever for the welfare of the Chinese when they started their propa- ganda for Communism in the Par East They wished to embarrass the Western powers, to start a fire in China that per- haps would spread. While it has spread inCaina, itis not at all likely to extend into other iands. The very fury of the Communist agitation brings its own cor- rection and check, and in the end Russia will be the weaker for having evoked these forces of destruetion. e e, There i no €oubt that the musical sense of the Nation has improved un- der brilliant and sincere finstruction The improvement 15 basic, manifesting itself even in the primitive mensures of Jazz. which long ago ceased to utilize cowbells a3 regular musical instruments, — D & Rockefeller and Foley. After twenty-five years of ltigation 8 dispute between the Rockefeller fam- ily and that of Michacl Foley has been settled out of court. When John D. Rockefeller bought his Tarrytown es- tate of several hundred acres he sought | but failed to acquire title o a plot of a little less than two ncres, which Michael Foley owned and operated as & dalry “farm.” Efforts to induce Poley to merge his holding with that of his wealthy neighbor were unsuc cessful and the Rockefeller don finally surrounded It There was rond W the Foley pluce which inter- fered with the Rockefeller seclusion. It was only three-quarters of a mile in length, but it saved Foley three miles ® duy in delivering milk to his custom- ers. In order, it 18 believed, Lo cause Foley to relinquish his hold upon the land Rockefeller secured a vole from the town bosrd W close the road, but that the shandonment of the highway hed ecaused & serious deprecistion in the value of the Poley property. Suit sfter sult was brought and the cuse became & langled snur) Finully Michael Foley died snd bis son John curried on the fght. A few weeks sgo the Htate Highwey Department made plans for certain grade-crossing correc. tons as & safety measure that, If exe cuted, would eut the Foleys off from | the main highways, Bome time after | John Poley met the younger Rockefeller | while the latter was driving through |l estate. ‘They stopped, hegan to | talk whout the dispute, and. Nnally, | mutuslly wgreelng that L was foolish, [ shouk bands, and 10 5 now announced | thist 846,000 han been paid for the Foley [twct, which will be merged with Ui Haketeller estute 1005w pity thut the elders of Uhese two twmblies could pot have mel wnd shsken hands upon sn amiceble agree- ment years sgo. But that 15 the wey with lawsulta They stert in misun- Qeralayglig yf slubbornnces o sus- to continue, it is announced, until the ; THE SUNDAY piciol d they become involved, mnd neither side will yield or compromise. There is great wastage of capital and of time in these neediess controversies. Many instances are of record of eourt costs and lawyers’ fees amounting to more than the value of the items in dispute. Bitterness Is engendered. Feuds are formed. Sometimes political fac- tions are created, and when the cause is traced back to the originating cir- cumstances the pother appears as wholly disproportionate. It would have been interesting to see old Michael Foley and John D. Rocke- feller, sr., in contact over such a mat- ter. John D. at the-beginning of this argument was still in active business. He had become accustomed to buying and selling without regard to the feel- ings of those affected. Having chosen his Pocantico Hills location he could not conceivé how anybody would want to hold on to a tract if he could sell, but he wanted to fix the price. Michael Foley was quite content to remain a small-seale dairyman. He did not wish to be merged with the big estate and he wanted and he held for many years his right of easement. He paid for it in hard feelings, and now his son clears up the whole matter with a sensible bargain and pronounces the younger Rockefeller “a fine fellow,” and this celebrated case is closed through com- mon sense and mutual accommodation. even as most disputes may be. superstitious evi- | | | this ruling was set aside on a showing | o Half a Million Thanks Under a new operating practice just going Into effect, “Ceniral” at the tele- phone office says “Thank you!" instead of repeating the number asked for. “Main 5000, asked the subsziiber A story comes from China telling of | ynder the old regime. “Ma-an fife thousand,” repeated the Kwangtung Province. Wholesale mur- |, orator a few days ago. “Main 5000, asks the subscriber un- | der the new regime. “Thank you!" replies the operator, as custom now ordains. There are some six hundred thousand calls every day through the various Washington telephone exchanges. For every one of these calls now there will be a cheerful “Thank you!" and this in- jection of so many cheerful stimulants into the veins of the city should have the effect of improving morale, light- ening the burdens of the day, smooth- ing frowns from worried brows and otherwise meking for a bigger, better and happier existence. In case of doubt the operator will say, “What number, please?” and upon restate- ment of the numerals she will repeat her “Thank you!" The change is not due altogether to a desire on the part of the telephone company to bring a Pollyanna atmos- phere to the National! Capital. It has been found that years of experience in using the telephone have resulted in making subscribers more familiar with the importance of distinct pronuncia- tion. 1In fact, many have acquired the telephone lingo, and for “Nine” they say “Ny-an” and for “Five” they say “Fife.” 50 that operators have little difti- culty in distinguishing between confus- ing sounds. “Thank you!" is also de- signed as a time saver, and it is ex- pected that connections will be made quicker by the fraction of a second. But suppose we forget these utili- tarian motives and take a “Thank You!" as it 15 given. It calls for one thing only, “You're welcome!” P Sandino is quoted as saying United States Marines cannot fight. Before go- ing further with the campaign his men should fnsist on his being ex- {amined by an alienist. - ] - Statesmen always aware of the sub- tleties lurking in human speech are still studying the phrase do not choose” with added queries, “If so, how much and why ML Factions in Congress divide so fre- quently that it becomes plain that American polities is losing some of its class consclous hauteur. - R ‘There should be a good opening at Geneva for a cabinetmaker who bullds large desks with plenty of pigeonholes. e SOt e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSOX, Pursuit of Happiness. When first we had the telephone, With messages, through lands unknown, From every friendly chappy, We thought we would be happy. When first we had the motor car, To carry us 50 fast and far, ‘Through reglons calm or scrappy. We thought we would be happy. And noxt the airship rides along, Through climes where tropic heat is strong Or Arctic lands so “frappy”; And still we are not happy. When we at last have angel wings, And play on harps with golden strings A melody 50 snappy— Ah, shall we then be happy? Conservatiom, “Why have you never striven higher office?™ "I have preferred,” sald Benator Sor- ghum, “the confidence implied by fre- quent re-election w my present situa- ton to & willingness on the part of my constituents to let me sacrifice a steady job In order to experiment.” for Nnows, Where nre the snows of yesteryear? ‘They nre no cause for grief, The snows encountered now and here Prom these we want rellef Jud "Tunkins suys looking for trouble Is u lazy man's occupation when he de- cides that any excitement is better than none Located, “I understand your boy Josh s @ musiolan,” “Yes" peplied Furmer Corntossel “And I'm giad of it Bince he got & Job In the bund, we always know where he s o nights” “Power,” sald M1 Mo, the suge of Chinatown, “1s sometimes the resull of A desperate yel wise declslon by the populuce that any leadership tn bettey than none " Goodly Outalde, How muny people us they puis Will smile s they deceivel The most agrecable, alas, Ave those you can't helleve! Unele “Porgive yoh enembes,” aald Eben, “but don't be the quick yohisell det dey has forgin Yad. fattey TAR, WASHINGTO D. C, FEBRUARY 1 EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D., Bishop of Text: “Lord, I belteve; help thou mine unbelief!” (St. Mark, iz.24). “Belief in God.” “There’'s not a man that lives that has not known his Godlike hou Thus wrote some one long ago. Articu- wmte or Inarticulate, somewhere, some time in life, every man feels the con- sclousness of the presence of God. It may be utter loneliness and in hours of pain and grief: again It may be In the midst of thronging crowds wiere life is tense and its issues seemingly confused. There s something in human nature that reaches out after the divine. As the wise man put it, “The eye is not satisfied witi seeing, nor the ear with hearing.” No more tragic statement could be made concerning any one than that contained in Holy Writ, “Without God and without hope in the world.” While the strife of tongues confuses us, while ‘the doctors of the law are propounding their theories concerning the deeper things of life and the rela- tion they bear to God, the average man of us is working out his own creed, ais own philosophy and his own salva- tion. Dr. Fosdick says somewhere that “the great men of the earth were great | because they lieve greatly. ‘We are remembering again today one had the capacity to be- of the mightiest figures that rise upon | the horizon of history—namely, Abra- ham Lincoln. While he belongs to us of America. generally claim him. He stands in ma- jestic bronze in London, facing the s, even as his figure y town, city and bhamlet in this countr There is some- thing about this homely and ungainly figure that has fascinated the minds of men the world over. The sheer majesty of his English in his incomparable ut- terances constitutes in itself an Ameri- can classic. Where once he belonged to a section of the Nation, today he is acclalmed in every part of it. As he cecedes in history his figure grows more colossal and his fame more universal. Blography succeeds biography. and the story of his picturesque and colorful life is Increasingly read and studied. The controversy concerning his religlous beliefs goes on unabated, and yet each new blography makes more conspicuous his unfailing _and profound religious conwvictions. That, like the Master of old, he was “a man of sorrows and ac- quainted with grief,” is conspicuously the peoples of the world | W ashington true. While he experienced days and weeks and months of profound depres- sion, there are abundant evidences that there were other perlods In which he exporienced supreme soul exaltation. Some one rays concerning Lincoln that “he found his soul by the grave of Ann Rutledge.” ‘There may be some truth in this. for certainly the death of this malden, to whom he had given his heart, did affect him profoundly and | doubtless tended to intensif: |of his spiritual life. One thi; tain concerning him—namely; had the most complete knowled~® of the Bible as a book, and his m:norable utterances are in large part paraphrases of the Scriptures themselves. Some one has said that Lincoln's “Gettysburg Address.” which 15 probably his highest {reach of soul, is made up of phrases | sarnered from this sacred Book, In one {of the hours of his supreme depres- i slon he struck off the following .\strfi(’lnu | sentence: “Probably it is to be my lot to go on In a twilight, fecling and soning my way through life, as q toning, doubting Thomas did. But in mv poor, maimed, withered way I bear with me,as I go on,a seeking spirit of desire for a faith that was with him of the olden time, who, In his need, as I {In mine, exclaimed, ‘Help thou my un. belief! On another occasion he said: “The Scriptures unfolded before me with a deeper and more logical appeal, through these new experiences, than anything else I could find to turn to. I do not claim that all my doubls were removed then, or since that time have | been swept away. They are not.” That he wa seeker after truth even his admit. That he repeatedly dis- | closed his unfailing belief in the guld- ance of God, even in the darkest period. Is also abundantly evident. In private ‘and public life he maintained the un- | broken practice of prayer. With the | great Field Marshal Foch, he could say, ‘Prayer has enlightened my way.” When we come to these recurring an- | hiversaries of his birth, it is proper that we should remember not only the great- ! ness of the man as atesman or the |&enius he disclosed in the darkest days |71 our Nation's history, but rather his | childlike trust in the supervising and | superintending God and Father of us all. His religious convictions still stand | as witnessing to the greatness of his soul. Difficult as was his way, great as were | his burdens, inquiring as was his mind, | he could =il cry out with the man of jold. “Lord, I believe: help Thou mine | unbeltef!” WHAT TO DO WITH MURDERERS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. During the last year three extremely horrible murders, committed in as many widely separated sections of the country, and the fact that one of the States does not provide the death penalty, that, one of them condemns first degree murderers to death by hanging, that the third punishes with death by electrocution, and that in the last case a woman together with a man was sentenced to death and suffered her punishment, has brought the subject of capital punish- ment to the fore again. Perhaps there has never been a time when proponents of each side of the question were so sure of the truth and justice of the cause they are pleading. In the United States there is no code requiring the death penalty which applies alike to all States and posses- slons. The Federal Code providing capi- tal punishment for murder, rape and treason applies to crimes which are committed on Government reservations or proparty. possession has its own laws which pro- vide penalties for various crimes. Im- mediately after the putting to death of | the two sashwel York, a bill was ht murderers in N as Introduced in the Legislature of that Statg to abolish the death penalty. It was reported ad- versely, however, by the unanimous vote of the committee to which 1t was referred. It 15 impossible to question motives, premeditation, degree of nurder, e: tenuating _circumstances, the sock background of the crime, or the respon- sibllity of soclety in being so organized that there are murderers, because such reasoning leads to that dangerous tilting ground of individuallsm as against organized soclety. But taking stmply the fact that one | human being deprives another of life and that soclety must determine what to do with the murderer. there are two major arguments on which those for and against the death penalty base their reasoning. There are the Mosalc law of “an cye for an eye,” and the value of capital punishment as a de- terrent. ‘The first rests on the prin- ciple that if a man kills he must pay for it In like coin, and the second on the value of taking lfe in order to prevent like crimes Arguments on Both Sides. Many persons belleve that If a man 50 forgets himself that he takes the itfe of nnother he must forfeit his own as the only price he can rny com- mensurate with his crl Depriving him of life, like taking an eye for al eye, 1s Justified on the ground that he pays the debt he has contracted to suclety and that it s the removal of a public menace. It is argued also that death 1s the only sure penalty, because frequently men are released from life imprisonment after good behavior and after the public has forgotten the vic- tim. It 5 then not so deeply cou- cerned with the serfousiness and hor- ribleness of the crime, and 15 easlly prevatled upon to feel sympathy for the man who apparently is reformed and has spent time deprived of uni- versally loved freedom. In addition, it 15 contended that soclety should not | be burdened with the support of sucl characters Others belleve that the command- ment, “Thou shalt not kill," applies to a group of people organized as a State Just wx surely ux It applies to the in- dividual, and that the State 1s not Justified In dolng what it condemns in pevsons. ‘They urge that death in not the greatest punishment, but that a life of confinement and scparation from busy, friendly, normul existence, added to reflection and remorse, In fur more of an explation. Most of thia group qualify thelr statoments with the be- Hef that pardons should be given only in the event that the condemned i found to be innocent, and that Hfe prixoners for murder should by some systom be made not only welf-support- Ing, but contributors to their vietima' families. ‘They clatin that soclety must be organtaed on w higher plane and opevate under a higher morahity and tdealn than the siner who sin; As usual, the sume statistion W prove both sides of the cass con- cerning the value of capital punish- ment ws n deterront, eapeolally since the criminul statistics of the United Btates ure admittodly thadogunte. Those who belleve that capital pun- Ishment prevents murder clatin that only the fear of death fnatills & vegard for human e n the hewrts of men who kill; that the knowledgo that doath awalts him nln{u the hand of the man Who loses his temper or feeln that he 15 Justified n such violenee, just as it restradng the professlonal bad mait Oppanents of this’ theary declare thit the mun who kills 10w rage, or in grost atvens of olrenmstance, docs not think of the ponalty. wnd that the profis slonal bad man knows that 1t s harder to et a comvietion when the penalty of death may be Incurved Nwift and Nure Penalty Vrged Theve s develophig w achonl of cim nulogy which promoes the tisory that 11 the awift i ureness of the punishment nther than the severity that acts as n deterrent “Those who clnim that 11 s better (o have all gwiity murderers lmpiisoned Each State, Territory and | ined | {than to have one innocent man de- prived of lifs are reminded that mis- takes are r that courts give every | chance to the accused, and that often | death-bed confessions of guilt are made | by thoss who are Incohcrent, or by | thos? who lied once when another was | punished, and who, probably, are lying | again. | . Robert E. Crowe, State's attorney of | Ilinois, says: “I urge capital punish- | ment for murder not because 1 believe ' that-soclety wishes to take the life of & | murderer, but because soclety does not | wish to lose its own. I advocate this | extreme and irrevocable punishment | because the punishment is commen- | surate with the crime. It is the finality | of the death penalty which instills fear into the heart of every murderer, and | 1t is this fear of punishment which pro- | tects soclety. Murderers are not pun- | ished for revenge.” The testimony of Louis E. Lawes, the warden whoge duty it was recently to put a woman to death, {s worth noting. ‘I am not asking that we abandon a icheme of punishment that is in success- ful operation,” he says. “We have capi- tal punishment and have had it for gen- erations, yet we have a high homicide rate in shameful contrast to th rest of the civilized world. The deterrent effect of a law seems not to nd on the ugliness of its threat, but rather on the certainty and celerity with which | the threatening gesture reaches home.” It is pointed out that the Michigan murderer of a little girl was sentenced to life imprisonment within a few days after his capture and that the public was spared a harrowing and expensive trial, because in that State there was no | capital punishment to fight. On the ‘uun-r hand, the judge who was instru- mental in obtaining such swift justice | bublicly stated his regret that his State | did not permit the death penalty. | At the present time there are 8 States where capital punishment is re- | tained absolutely, 32 where the court or Jury may choose between it and life tm- prisonment, and 8 where it has been ‘nbollahcd Two of the States where | capital punishment has been abolished | provide 1t for a second offense, such as ‘l)w killing of a guard in prison. The | States that ‘do not provide capital pun- | ishment are Maine, Rhode Island, Mich- igan, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas and Minnesota. | Wholesalers Meeting {To Take Account of Stock R e BY HARDEN COLFAX. Wholesalers representing many differ- ent lines of merchandise and coming | from many different parts of the coun- try will meet In conference at the Chamber of Commerce of the United | States In Washington, Tuesday and | Wednesday, resolved to take down the Clock of thelr business and discover, Il‘puMIIbl«_ why 1t 15 losing time. There 15 a declded difference of opin- fon as o just where the wholesaler stands today in this era of rapid change | In business methods, But it is fairly well settled that there are no grand- father clacks ticking away in this branch of distribution;: fine old firm names survive, trade destgnations con- Unue, but ways have changed. The 15, Should meth change and in what direction? y heat of the pulse of business I lnaplred by the ultimate consumer Wholesalors must perform some fune- ton fmportant to the consumer, helping (o keep his purse fat or assisting i his convenlence, oven though they have no - direct contact with him, rl they hope Lo survive v .. Estimates place the number of whole- sle denlers o the United SHlates os 80,000 Home of them are vetallers an well, others ave also manufacturers, while another class are both retatlers and munufacturers bestdes being jobbers. What the majority of them ave fAghting aguinst bs the threat of becoming ware- rely i wholossle tiade beowme upparent 25 years ago, but in the last 10 years these changes have beon ac- centuated with startiing results s and good roads have caused merchandist both vetall wnd wholesale, to under uhifta, Some wholosslers who formerly did a briak trado in supplylng merchants fn small ocommunities have fo ¥ business decrenaling boowuso con » Now drive o lavger centers to shop. Yot (0 per cont of ¢ country's population lives tn rural sections or iy Lowns of not more than 10,000 fnhabit- ants and all of thom certalnly do not burn gusoline to do all of thely llulr ning And more vapld il frelght vice has helped wholesalein an well ax vetallers o redues thelr average Inventorles v oaw buying by retatlers wholesalers and, n 1Y (oM man- . Hund-ta-mouth s aftected the wlf-defenso, wholeaalor ufnotuvera o amaller quantities, ‘to meet this situation, more and more munutactirers are hecoming also whole- sulers, (hus increastng competition in W fleld, Bianging gooda o cieaty 2. 1998—PART 2. ] Capital Sidelights [LAW FOR HOME CARE OF CHILDREN PROVING VALUE BY EXPE_RIENCE There' will soon be printed by Uncle Sam ‘s rofiter of the first families of Vi and of ploneer States if bill introduced by Representative Mon- tague of Virginia, which is attracting a great deal of attention before the House census committee, is passed. This proposes that the director of the cen- sus shall publish the names of the heads of familles as returned by each Federal census from 1800 to 1840. The prime purpose of this measure, | Representative Montague explains, 1s to make available to historians and genealogists important census statistics that the Government has collected at great expense, that are now stored in flimsy, fire-trap structures, and which should be properly preserved to refer- ence of future generations. g 1t is estimated that this pubilcation would cost Uncle Sam something like $4,000,000. The Montague bill author- izes the director of the census to sell the publications and in this way par- tially reimburse the Treasury. xR Every member of Congress is invited to attend the big celebration at Ale: andria, Va., of Washington's birthday, February 22, which has been a civic fea- ture for 130 years, and which, this year, will be on a more pretentious scale than ever before, with President Coolidge and Gov. Byrd and other notables in at- tendance. Ever since Washington’s death in December, 1799, the city and county of Alexandria, which he served in scv- eral important offices before he served the Nation, have thus memorialized him. One of the important events this year will be the reception tendered by Gov. and Mrs. Byrd to the President and Mrs. Coolidge and other special guests. | On behalf of the George Washington Birthday Association; which was or- ganized within a monih of Washing- | ton’s death, Senator Sanson and Rep- resentative R. Walton Moore of Vir- | ginia have inviied each of their col-| | leagues in Congress and their wives to be guests at the approaching celebra- tion. Those of them who find it possible to attend will be shown the hospitality for which Virginia has long been noted, by the community which was th county seat of Washington's County of Fairfax for most of his active life,; which was, as we would now say, his home town, and with which he was more closely and constantly identified than with any other locality. In no other locality are there such vivid and unfading memories of the wonderful soldler and statesman who is every-| where venerated as the master builder, of our great republic. P A pretentious plan for a nation-wide celebration of the bicentennial of Washington's birth has been laid be- fore the President’s commission, which is arranging for a fitting observance of that event in 1932, by Representative 8ol Bloom of New York. He proposes that an exact reproduction of Wash- ington's home at Mount Vernon and all its contents be made under the super- vision of the Daughters of the Amer- | fean Revolution; that these facsimilies | be sold to various communities, to be erected In public parks, and that be- ginning on February 22, 1932, the peo- ple in each community should assemble at these various reproductions of | Washington's own home to commem- orate his memory, and that on each| anniversary of his birth similar cere- monles be observed. thus making the | celebration Nation-wide, coincident and | perpetual. ok % Statuary ITall at the Capitol, where each State has o right to place two statues of citizens who have done the most notable service for mankind— making a total of 96 statues—is alreadv | overcrowded by the 52 statues that have | been set up there. The situation is causing considerable concern and lead- ers in Congress are trying to select a new and larger chamber or carridor to which these statues can be removed. David Lynn, architect of the Capitol. has been in eonference with leaders and points out that it has been suggested that the crypt might be used as a lo- cation for all of the statues from the different States, and that in that event Statuary Hall might be restored to as near as possible the condition which existed when it was a mesting place for the House of Representatives. It has also been suggested that areas adjoin- ing Statuary Hall might be filled with | statues from such States as might | hereafter send their contributions. This space will be, at the best, if fully occu- fl"" insufficient to furnish locations for | States, the full representation of two statues from each of the States. At- tention has been invited to this con- dition in order that the Congress might take into consideration the possibility of the time soon approaching wnenm | there will be no further space available In Statuary Hall, and several States, by reason of t"~ crowded condition. unable to secure a representation in this na- tional assembly of statues of distin- guished eitizens. demand forces some wholesalers into waanufscturing. Chain and group retallers purchase direct from pro- ducers. Jobbers set up their own retall outlets, Direct selling to consumers, mall order and otherwisc, is increasing Incidentally, there are now some mail | order wholesalers. Distribution s & | very mixed affair nowadays. The wholesalers, about 200 of them. | here this week are going to discuss their | functions and services, economic factors affecting their group, business analysis and financial questions. Jt is probable that the most informa- tion will come from the general subject of business analysis. Some jobbers have tested thelr costs with rather amazing results. One. for examnle. found that he was trying to cover too much territory and that he was solicit- Ing some customers whose sverage or- ders were far belaw the cost of this| solicitation. After caroful study he re- duced the number of manufacturers from wham he bought by 19 per cent. the number of varieties of goods bought 31 por cent. the area of his sales territary by 28 per cent and the num- ber of customers to whom he sold by a | rather startling 58 per cent. The rosult was that his net profits to gross sales | incronsed 68 per cent .. Spoaking before a recent meeting of the Amcrican Economies Assoclation Dr. Melvin T, Copeland of Harvard | University aserted that “u fundamental | strupgle 8 under way, i which maj Wholesalors still are dodging the tasue. The wholesalers caming to the confer ence this week are not evading. but wre sceking to meot, and overcame, the | ssue, ! In that address Prof. Copeland said there are several mattors regarding | wholesallng on which there Is tair agreement, naming these togother with | his abservations | “The first 15 that (ade-marking of merghandise by manufu turers and wd- vertlsing to consumera s likely to n- Croase rather than to diminiah, second. that wanufacturers will give inoreasing attention ta siethads of obtaining order- 1y diatributian for thair produets so that hey wnay be amsured of orderly pro- duotion. “In the thivd place, aa the dis- advantagea and unfairiess of » varving wrice loy become mote and mare Renerally recognised. there will be lew opnortunity fur wholesslers to trade on lee. ‘This meatn that a wholosaler st become more largely & distributor than @ trader. ‘The whalesale function must be performed, but the wholesale merchant ta not i s position to dietate how 1t fa to be performed He Ia w middle man and must serve the ter- | eaty of manufacturers and the interests of velallors. He must accommodate Nmaslf o (he changes n canditions. anylehe sy v-en o A Madern Fallo, Poon e B Louts Bt Disiaich | One_upon & time, & high army or navy ofoer aald samething, and he dig not hiave (o explati about 1t aiterward, stalt BY BEN McKELWAY. When the erroneously “Mothers' pension act” was passed about a year and a half ago, it is prob- able that one public reaction to this legislation could be expressed substan- tially as follows: “Now we have a law to take care of the widowed mothers. Well, that's fine! Everybody feels sorry for them and the | Government ought to do something | about it. It will take a big job off cur hands, anyway. But what will the charitabie organizations find to do| They won't have much work 1 termed ‘The year and a half of experience in he administration of the law for Home Care for Dependent Children” —and not, necessarily, the care of de- pendent mothers—is interesting and perhaps enlightening, The effect of the law on the demands upon organized | charity, for instancs, has been just| what social workers expected that it/ would be. But it has been to increase, | rather than decrease, the volume of | their work. The money spent in relief | work by the Associated Charities, for | instance, has increased 20 per cent in the last two years and is still on the upgrade. All of this cannot be traced | nactment nlrml.;w law umrhhmn' ‘: care of dependent children. Much o is due lop;m\vth of the city and the naturally enlarging fleld in charitable work which accompanies such wth. | But as for the G law's lessening the de-| board. The procedure, therefore, has been to take on new families gradually from the first of the year until their maintenance toward the close of the fiscal year exhausts the appropriation, with th> cxception of a surplus left ‘available for pressing:cases. The maxi- mum expenditure for any one month has been $7,898. The expenditure for January was $7,320.66. ' Between now and next July this monthly expendi- ture will steadily increase. The ultimate requirements for funds under the act cannot be determined for some time. As there Is a large waiting 1 ditlon to a constant flow of applicants, it s to be expected that there will be a greater demand every year. The board believes, however, that there will come a time when the num- ber of cases taken from the list of bemeficlaries because of children reach- ing the age limit or for other reasons will offset the number of new cases added. Until then appropriations must increase if the full care sought under the law s to be extended. EE Congress was liberal in giving the Board of Public Welfare a law that imposes on its administrators no limi- tations as to the amount of momey to be spent on any one family. Be- cause of the breadth of the law, the board has been able to spend its money intelligently, basing expenditures on actual conditions, which vary in nearly mands upon organized charity, actly the reverse has been in every community which has a law | comparable to the one in effect here. The law cares for a certaln class of de- 'ndents, Norkings uneover many others who do not come within this class, and thes? are thrown upon organized charity. * £ K% The fundamental principle underly- irg the District’s law for the home care of dependent children is stated in the title of the law. It is to provide chii- dren, who because of poverty alone might here of the home and family, with the Xvund.s that will cnable them to live at home. Naturally, the law draws som: sharp _distinctions. ~The mother o guardian of the children; for instance. must be a proper person to have cus. tody of the child. The home in ques: tion must be a satisfactory place for the traininig and rearing of the child. It is easily understood, therefore, that while there may be hundreds of moth- ers with dependent children who must rely upon outside support or else sur- render their children to institutional care, they cannot, for various reasons, come within the purview of this law. Many of them who have sought its aid have been found disqualified for one reason or another and have been re- ferred to the charitable organizations, and these cannot turn them down. Un- der the law the District is now caring for some 112 families, including about 397 children. The number is not sta- tionary. however, and at one time there have boen as high as 150 families under the care of the Board of Public Welfare, which administers the act. Only in half a dozen cases or so has this aid been discontinued except for adequate in- come becoming available, which auto- matically removes the families from the care of the board. In one or two in- stances mothers have died. There are now 562 applications for aid pending before the board, compared to the 112 families receiving support. Thes: ap- plications are constantly under revie | and as fast as they can be granted zre acted upon. the emergent cases receiving first attention. * k% x For the present fiscal year an appro- priation of $98,303 was made for home care of the dependent children. There were suggestions that beginning July 1, when thg money -became available, as many families would be taken unde: care of the board as this money. ex- pended at the rate of about $8,000 a month, would permit. But this obvi- ously would be an unwise policy. would allo sidered. e those to replace fami- lies removed from the jurisdiction of the Fifty Years Ago In The Star PFifty years ago Washington was growing faster than the police force and ’ repeated efforts were being Police made to secure a more ade- Force. Quate protective organization * for the Capital. In The Star of February 6. 1878. is printed an extract from a letter from the secretary of the palice board to Sacretary Schurz of the Department of the Interior and transmitted to Congress through the Attorney General, as follows “The executiv> force consists of 1 major and superintendent. 1 captain and inspector. 10 lleutenants, 20 ser- geants, 200 privates and 6 detectives, comprising for active service on the streets 238. This allowance was made in 1866, when the population was half of what it is and the area requiring police surveillance not one-third. Through fallure to appropriate by Con- gress for the it two years the num- ber is much below that authorized. The number of privates now in service is 180. Of these, numbers are doing |I|er- manent detail duty and cannot be called upon for patrol duty. There are 19 details. These detalls are essential; in fact, there are numbers of others that should be made—notably in the public squares—but owing to the inadequacy of the force the number has been re- stricted to those absolutely necessary “The District is divided into eight precincts under the tmmediate control of a lieutenant. The men in each precinct are divided into two platoons, each platoon into two sections. During the night a full platoon is on duty: durtug the day. a section. There are upwards of 340 miles of streets and alleys requiring police patrol. Now but 0 men can be put on duty at night, It follows that when the city is patrolled as thoroughly as pessible under the present allowance ecch man has nearly 3 miles of beat ing of the force by lack of appropria- tan and insufficlency of numbers is the | few mounted men we are able to retain Outside the city limits of Washington and Qeorgetown the county s infested by thieves and burglars: footmen are useless for the protection of this section, an area of 8 by 30 miles. There should be at least 30 mounted men.* .. ! Spelling_ reform was being discussed | demonstrated | but at the same time its, be denled the privileged atmos- | A serlous hamper- | every case, instead of upon theoretical conditions. The largest amount now igiven to any one family is $120 a month, but this does not mean that | the maximum has been reached. The method of determining the amount of aid to be extended is one of the interesting parts of the laws administration. Every family is placed on a budget, and the mother or guard- lan, with the assistance of the board's trained visitors, is taught to live within the budget. The surprising ‘hing about it is that she does learn. and that combined with the ability to keep her children in her home she is taught the lesson of careful spending and thrift. The iypical case may be ex- amined of a mother with four children. She rents a room to a boarder in her home for $15 a month. Her expenses re budgeted for a month as follows: Rent. heat and light, $25; food, $60: lothing, $10; insurance, $6.32; ice | in Summer), $3; and incidentals, $2 | This_makes a total monthly need of 1$106.32. Subtract from this amount the 815 a month income from rental of the room. and the money allowed her by the Board of Public Welfare is $91.32. TR The board’s policy has been in every case to emphasize the im| on | the mother’s part of doing everything | she can to support herseif. Applying | this policy, the board has not taken under its care any mother with less | than two children. In scme cases out- ! side work by a mother is impossible, in | other cases undesirable because of the |chiidren. But the board has encouraged | every mother to strive toward the uiti- | mate attainment of self-support. It has discouraged the tendency to fold hands and lean on the State indefi- a high morale among the be | which has been most en | the board. There are only 21 cases out of the 112 where there is no incom- | outside of governmental aid, | nearly every case there is the help one’s self. The success of the board's ! in large measure due to its vision of expenditures by ! and the close relationship | between the families and the 's social workers or visitors. A high standard has been set. which can be | maintained only by providing the board with the necessary staff to continue | this supervision and contact. As the | number of beneficiaries. corres; Iti for no new cases to be con- | 808 Benetis oo™ lessened. e I /| This and That By Charles E. Tracewcell. What was in the duffie bag? |, The young woman placed it on & res- taurant chair with such great care that | attention was attracted to it. ! Nnew:!nfl‘wrdnarewnthem, anyway. since it sported various stripes |and checks of blue and red. { It was a plaid affair about 3 feet |long. round at the ends. with one of these pull-along openings and a handje on the top at the center Something moved inside. ! Ah. the cat was out of the bag—ar almost out! For the voung woman yanked open the top. and up came two {buff ears. followed by a buff head. fol- Jowed by a buff body. followed by a buff tail of enormous proportions. Then. in the most stately fashion im- aginable. a fine-looking Persian cat stepped farth o oxx He wore, as we recall. a small har- ness almost concealed by his fine fur of a most unusual shade. Maybe his folks called him “Buff,” we forget about that. His mistress held him in her lap, while she proceeded to eat her own dinner. Evidently Buff had eaten some time before, because he manifested only a bared interest in the meal, and spent his time gasing around him Once out of the bag, the cat blended 50 well with the girl's dress that he no longer drew attention to himself. RN | When the time came for the Persian | to be put back into his novel travelg Kit. he was politely motianed to m First he surveyed the restaurant with his great golden eves, then obediently stepped into the bag. after which he settled down. Zip! | The opening was closed to within a teouple of inches by his head. I arder 110 allow him to get plenty of afr !!l;‘h‘fl“h 1t had become custom to | B | He never moved, but lay contentediv in his sawed-0ft golf bag, without & {quiver or a meow. As & traveler he was A No. 1. e owow ! We thought the duftte bag & good idea for & cat traveler. 1t was the sort of thing that any one, espeoially & woan . might any- where, without atiracting undue notice Provided the passenger refrained from hall a contury ugo th England, aid The | yeowing. 1o one would know what was . Star of February 6, 1878 Spelling has the fallowing to say on | the subject | Reform. “The mueh discussed subject of Knglish spelling acquives tm- l portance from the growing fftuence of our luulxuqo and the necessity for eer- tain reforms i its orthography before e true posttion among “m Inn*:qu of the world can be obtained There % & movement on oot among the s boards n England, which gained atderablo dway, (0 obtaty the appointiment by the government of & | the commiasion, composed of sme of the beat olasatoal and apellers of the muulrf. to refarm and fix English pelling. U very doubtful whether the plan, If carvied out, would have the vesult deagned. But all effarts tn this | direction are valuable, as tending W farm & publlo opiian which will even- | fually DUing the matter o w decistan WIth & fow exoeptions, due maindy | (e prevatling tendency 1 this countey | 10 do AwaY WIth unpronounced letters | I certain classes of words, the British | and American orthographios are klentt- oall w the labars of this proposed cony misston Wil be as interesting and in atructive 0 us W the Buglah, and WO Ay, mareover, be treatod (o sune ontertalning veading on certain Amert- Can Inneval Whieh shook conserva. tive Bugland | Al wlm'u o the ad- ym ot De bag. whereas an osdinary cat traveling Dasket attracts attentin to ftself by it construction COAEY such & container seems 1o de elare, The duffle bag has the anw aw VARLAR® Of belng exactly cat-soaped 11 permits the pet to o down natw- vally, with paws curled under. winpped around, I a normal feline pose. There s ‘lh\lufi\h’&h! to allow the antmal 0 hald head naturally, at same e (he observer woukt soarvely expect the bag v contam & lving oreature e Dogs @0 well enough i the o oam, but the friends of \lh‘\‘\f\"‘fi\ teel that this intensely domestic anima’ B OuL of place with trunks and doxes. He Comorvesn 10 travel i the sanw style as his human friends. Ratlioads however, sunetimes fall & understaw (s attilude of the cal fanews A well ed cat and & heat sawed-of duitle bag Might Wake a handy comd WAt I thie ol need. 1 v couled DAve wooit 10 Bt Persin W his rost W WOUNL Bave satd s W e e o e TUstent af our oummon i will Teceive the encourageinent and. it nee- vy and e b Whe co-operation aaaa Af thoughttul Awes lvwns.” ’