Evening Star Newspaper, February 5, 1928, Page 31

THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. €. FEBRUARY 5. 1928-PART 2. 100,000 ENGINEERS SEEK TO SOLVE RADIO TANGLE Federal Commission Doing More Than Legislators ulives—Amateurs I BY WALTER R. McCALLUM. NE hundred thousand radio engincers of all degrees of technical knowledge and de- velopment are doing more to unscramble the highly volv- broadcasting situation than all islators and executives in the Stat-s is the | fon, terpos of weedi tad cut ow of the Federal Radio rarily halted in its good eggs from the et of broadcastng °rt the ether lanes cither sweet paths « hideous channels of whistles In other words. the com- ¥ a year of wrest- ive problem that ¢ of solution and 1fe of the commis- been extended for another believes the true solution of the congosted broadeasting problem lies in A wotk of the recognized and the one hundred or so amateurs who are strug- by day in now fields and so 2] devices which ®0 to make up modern radio that some Gay not far distant the job of placing more than 600 S betwaen 200 an uccessfully on_holds not yet developed to where it is physically po 600 broadcasters on 1. Tk is developing so fast, g the world pomnt lace has at last been Sime magic means of electrs, he solution has been reached. Mean- administration of the ether lanes by law must go along orderly fash- ion. the commission holds. or revert to e chaos of 1926. Government ol had co broken down. Laboratories Are Busy. Many methods are now being workcd it in hundreds of technical laborato- ries and thousands of impromptu home laboratories all over the land. the sum of which may solve the problem whicn ths commission realizes cannot be solv- eded wholly by administrative means The radio industry ftszlf is naturally he foremost and leading factor in this development, but the amateurs and semi-professionals have plaved no s part in the advance of the art and of their “tinkering” may come revolu- ticnary principles that will transform the entire system of broadcasting and radio reception. | Quite recently there has been consid- eradle agitation toward a means of broadcasting chain programs on a sin- gle wave length from the studios of the Ted and biue networks and upward of 1&'\ or 65 stations throughout the coun- It sounds fine and as a laboratory ex- periment is feasible from the engineer- ing standpoint. But there is a fly in the ointment of considerable size. Con- sider it this way: A Chicago station. for €xample. broadcasts, in company with many other stations. a chain program from New York. They all send the pro- gram out at different frequencies at the same time. but at 9 oclock. for ex- ample. some prominent local subject is 1o be discussed by a leading citizen If the station were broadcasting on a ¥2ve common 1o the others on the chain, the prominent citizen's well-thought- ! speech would go unsaid for that evening because it takes a half dav to hange the frequency of a broadcasting slation. That is the trouble with singie- wave broadcasting of chain programs 2t present. But who is to say the engi- neers will not find some way to simply throw a pole switch and transfer fre- 9, mpletely 1 Holds Expert nd Exec ’lay Important Part. quencics at will and without delay? Beam broadeasting is being worked out to such a high degree of efficiency that even in the present undeveloped state of the art a narrow beam of elec- trical energy can be transmitted ereat | distances through the air. No listener on either side of the beam can get the transmission, and only receivers tuned to the wave length and in the exact path of the beam can receive the mes- sage. This method has possibilitics of a limited nature ~ Out in Chicago. where radio engineers are con ing in increasing numbers, one of the technical men connected With a great eclectrical corporation has developed a method that may go a long way toward solving the congested broacasting problem. Broadeasting sta- tions at presont operating are separ: ed. theorctically at least, by 10 Kilo. cyeles. A 5-kiloevele side band of en- ergy called the carrier wave. extends on either_ side of the - narrow band through which comes the pure and un- interrupted music. Only when the apex, | or exact center, of the 10-kilocycle band is reached by the recciving set tuning fus is the station really tuned in hicago engineer has found a way climinate one of the side bands. Eventually. the commission hopes, this ®ill be so developed that stations may be scparated by only 5 kilocycles in- stead of the 10-kilocycle separation now held to be the smallest maximum for proper recep! T The CI to the receiving appa- major improvements are in th might conceivably im- the situation by making sets very much more selecti: One of the recent and mosi highlv regarded of these is the sl rectifying and amplifving unit for re- coiving sets thai is claimed, to permit th~ highest degree of selectivity known to the world Field Strength Studied. Consicerabl: udy has been made by e big corporations of the field strength of {ransmitting stations. De- velopment of this offers a wide field for nlacing stations much closer together in tho seme area of the country. It has been found that the field strength of a transmitter on one side of a city is frequently very much greater and siretches out to greater distances than on another side. The station program reaches out to astounding distances in s me quarters and is relatively restricted in another direction. This mysterious and unsolved freak radio waves offers engaging new pos sibilities. in the view of the commis- sion, for having determined the field strength of a station in a certain direc- on, it will be entirely possible to place another station on the same frequency within a short geographical distance of the other without interference. Dis- tance may mean nothing on one side of a broadcaster and mean everything on the other side. Th> commission has an idea that by measuring the field strength of transmitters a patchwork cture of the country may develop new means of fitting together the compo- nent parts of the broadcasting puzzle. Wired wireless. the development of Maj. Gen Squier. late chief signal offi- cer, United States Army. has great pos: sibilities. in the view of the commission By this means the power lines which enter every household become potential substitutes for the crowded ether chan- nels and every electric line becomes a ol ") and freaks of heredi iclded grid tube. al The Story of Civilization Are! install o Durant My second o Civihat siday. Dr of Christ Note o n Wil tel n h hed of 1 the 1y Story nest o THE LAST (:)F THE ROMANS, The Emperors. ERHAPS it was through modesty that Augustus left a serious flaw in his masterly reorganization of Rome. What was to happen when he should die? How could some safesuard be raised against the chaos of rival ambitions that might be | released by his death? On what prin- | ciple was the head of the Roman state | herealter to be chosen? | "He solved the problem for 1 genera- | tion, and passed it on to his successors Before his death he persuaded the Sen- ate to associate with him. in full par- ticipation of his power son of his wife by her carlier marriage: seldom has impartiality gone to such | lengths again. It was an interesting de- ! viation from hereditary monarchy: the | Emperor need mnot accept the whims tfansmitting his power now to a genius. now to an idiot: rather he would choose from among his aides one who scemed the best fitied to rule. and would train him caref | precept. example and participation be- fore death could make a sudden hreak in the continuity of administration. Every system of government has been | tried. and every system has failed: men | do not like to be ruled. A monarchy | unbuttressed with hereditary sanctions. | passing from family to family too quick- Iy to cstablish that prestige of tradition which keeps mediocrities safe on the throne. could survive and succeed ouiy through the maintenance of a high level of ability by each ruler in tmn- it demanded a continuous coincidence be- tween titular and natural supremacy Tiberius seemed to have all the ability required: but he lacked the skillful grace with which his stepfather had |saved the Senate's face and had se- cured the iwulmu( sacrificing the support of the | community He went about his business with uncongenial resolution. issued de- crees and ably catried on the reforms sand enterprises of Augustus: but he ignored the Senate and the Assembly, angered his enemies by his success and | lost the favor of the populace by re- ducing the state expenditure on gladia- torial games. He spent his last year in misanthropic isolation at Capri, and | died there in 37 AD. respected and hated by all who knew him. * * | He had not troubled to name a suc- | cessor, and when the news came that he was dead the Senate, as if to prove | the incompetence of which Tiberius had suspected it chose a great- grandson of Augustus. nicknamed Cal gula. as emperor. Caligula frolicked recklessly with his power. made his horse a consu' and spent millions in | debauchery. ~ After four years of this ! imperial Polichinelle the guards of the palace murdered him. and compelled | the Senate to name Claudius emperor, {in the belief that he was the most in- | competent coward that could be found in the neigbborhood and would make {a genial king. But Claudius rose to | his part. worked hard in his new ap- pointment, reorganized the administra- | tential transmitter directly into the | Lome. From ev angle of the industry come these suggestions. each of them with a new idea for improving trans- mission and reception. The commission is sure that the sum of them all will serve 1o work out the p..blem in a way far more satisfactory than the present sdministrative methods. even though it holds that Government regulation is an absolute necessity in the art M’Carl's Need Called a Press Agent To Temper Stern Wording of Rulings (Continued {r irst Page) vhat they are—illegal He wants to prevent such things by allowing no money 10 be spent until the expenditure therefor has been approved and au- dited. He maintains that Congres should set aside an emergency fund which could have been used in th- Florida disaster and may be used ip future disasters. But for beating himself. or the devil. around a stump- he turns thumbs down He also believes that his office should b~ represented by attorneys in claim suits against the Government and in prosecuting claims for the Government which arise out of matters coming under jurisdiction of his office. Whi co-operation w riment o Justice has been ng. he is in- clined W be his attorneys OW MOTe about a good many cases than the Depariment of Justice knows, because they handled zround 1he) Important. He the money portant eoliection “nd mo e sguree of Eecretary of the Treasur v e definite rever 35 respo amount of but Mr McCarl duty under the und due d prop- T W ser that by the Becretary u erly Gepmiud in e UneeTtal ween a now as U A the duties Treas My cd MeCerl's conception of his dut Hoover Smothered is seen between the lines in these state- ments: “The collection of debts due the United States is no less provocative of resistence and antagonism than is pro- voked in the collection of debts be- tween private parties. It frequently leads to representations of the harsh attitude of the United States and sub- | missions 1o individual members of Con- eress to show that the position taken therein by this office is severer than et of commercial interests verhaps overlooked in this attitude the act that the Government is concerned. ‘hat the Government is impersonal and L5 Interests are protected only through striet performance of official duty. . When Congress has appropriated money for a specific purpose. it cannot be admitted. under existing law, that the moneys appropriated for one pur- pose may be diverted 1o some other purpose. excepting by the Congress col- lectively assembled, itself first so au- thorizin, “It s exclusively a legisiative right and 3 sought 1o be elsewhere exer- cised would be legislating by other than constitutional body and strike at o0t 0f representative government, ling not only o observe the limita- and dircctions contatned in the tutes making the appropriations or for their expenditure, but disregarding the general and expressed inhibition in statulory lav. against the diversion of public funds 11 our form of povernment s o endure the law must control It 15 th controls the i id not the heart that actions of Controller Ges 2l McCarl His heart may be in the nt place. but he does not have any for it in reading the law. He is a with a mission, and the mission W observe the letter of the law Therefore. he is not & popular indi- vidual Therefore, he needs & press - wtial Many Preside Booms During Mississippi Flood Work Page ) roughoin ly worded e s pum, Thne only Byainst in Auring two or 1 vita! Aier ir EnOwE end U Ao Wined that prtuse anybo0y's guest of honor Aury ciubs arization s Vs wldre Dusiness e he aoceded > aneheo b the aroppiug o 8 Buen: W madnta ay o v e easion and deliver 3 ] hort address the ground that his would do much *s na dncrease e 1 the optimism taming of the peoy Anothier oecasion toned 1 this session of 1he 1 a Lagistature sudiorium st Taton the gencral public v might be 1 was and #e i darge Tunige. anmitted Hoover ed & Special resolution from # WvNng bm W nddress 1 peared on Wi platform e audience wosembled Besy b b noisily seclaimed botn e platform and from the ball out great deader-now and four bnice men the joint of the wooden which connect House Lewislnture A vhen he fore 4 1 wis from year Hoover declined W recelve politiclans il bearly every lown he ieted dn e valley. He and bis assist- e masde 10 plaln that the President’s fiona -relie! chisin was down there 1o talr food reliet and vot politics 11 poli s interviewed bim they did sy on directly connected with A and not with such topics as the i fhenns 0 Eouth or consentions or delegates | dechning sundry offers. he had devoted | [ st superhiiman probiem before Hoover atlention wholehearted b, o e ulter exchusion of sl peity over wnd pertsen bACKerings won for bim Ve sduration of the poll tHetons of both parl and tended 10 make tiem 1 received, There is | Uty rehutts vhey had | BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most impor- tant news of the warld for the seven days ended Feb- ruary 4 Great Britain.—Field s Marshal Earl Haig is dead of a heart stroke at 66 A Scotchman, he graduated at Oxford and joined the army at 24. He served | with distinction in the Khartoum cam- paign of 1898 and in the Boer War. He was chief of staff of the cavalry division 1n Lord Roberts’ victorious progress from Cape Colony through the Orange Free State into the Transvaal. Thereafter he held sundry posts, in- cluding a directorship in the war office, |from 1906 to 1909. in which capacity his contribution was of first importance toward that development of the general !staff and that reorganization of the army which were to prove so momen- tous. In 1910 he became lieutenant general and at the outbreak of the | great war he was generally csteemed | the most learncd of Britons in military science He commanded the 1st Army Corps {of “the “contempibles” in the Mons Marne and Aisne operations and the jfirst batle of Ypres. Seldom if ever {in the history of war has cavairy been employed more brilliantly than it was by Haig in super-glorious retreat. When, at the beginning of 1915, the British expeditionary force was divided into |two armies ‘he was appointed to lead ithe first. In the course of the year the battles of Neuve Chappelle Festu- ibert and Loos were fought on his front. At its close he succeeded Sir John French in the chief British com- mand, which he retained to the end of the war, But was Halg's capacity for the con- duct of war answersbie o his knowl- | edge? In my opinion it was, and in | support thereof T refer the reader “8ir Douglas Haig'’s Command,” George A. B. Dewar and Lieut. Col. Boraston. His views were long ones, and from December 1915 to the Spring (of 1918 his encrgies were devoted as much 1o organization behind the lines, o adequate training of the new forma- tions before feeding them into the lines as to the actual fighting on the Bomme !and in Flanders When, in the Spring of 1918, the Germans dealt their fiercest offensive, | Tiberius. the | 1y by advantages of one-man ruie | tion of the city and the empire, con- quered Britain. and managed every- thing successfully except his wife. Agrippina probably connived at his as- sassination (54 AD) in order to set his son aside and put Nero (her own son by a former marriage) on the throne. Nero had been educated by the philosopher Seneca. so that by every platonic calculation he was marked out for a very superior emperor. But he, wo, found absolute power intoxi- catin He removed Sencca from | office. and later condemned him to death. He order the assassination of the son of Claudius, murdered his wife, and finally had his own mother Killed Finding these amusements dulled by repetition. he played the violin. com- posed music and toured Greece as a | musician and a gladiator. Seeing a rival in the poet Lucan. he forbade him to recite his verses in public; and when Lucan plotted against him Nero forced him to kill himself. During his reign a great fire broke out in Rome | 164 AD.. raged for a week. and des troyed half the city. The people ac cused Nero of starting the fire to enter- tain himself. and the story went around that while watching Rome burn he had played on the violin a composi- tion describing the destruction of Troy. He did all he could to mitigate the disaster: he opened his gardens to the refugees and fed them at the expense of the state.’ But—and here let the greatest of Roman historians. plain olunt Tacitus, take up the tale Neither human _effort, nor the generosity of the Emperor. nor the services of expiation, could remove the horrible suspicion that the fire had been ordered by Nero. There- fore. to get rid of this rumor. the France and Germany.—The other day Dr. Stresemann, the Germap foreign minister, made a speech to the Reichstag which had a planetary echo “The time has come.” said he, “to point out that there is a certain hyproerisy in the demand for security against Ger- many. It must be realized that con- | tinuation of the Rhineland occupation is what has impaired the Locarno agreement in world estimation. We were told that Locarno meant the dawn of a ncw era. but now enthusiasm nas yieldec to skepticism. We Germans de- mand the evacuation of the Rhineland because the occupation is an. in- superable obstacle in the path of Ger- man-French rapprochement and because it will be impossible to turn the spirit of lccarno into reality while the paradox exists I have never vet seen a formula which assures peace between two neighboring countries more effica- ciously than the Locarno agreement assures it between Germany and France. Boh nations obligate themselves there- by 1o forego all aggressive action against cacn other. Whowever asks for more security than that doubts the pledged word and the signed treaty If we do not tiust that the treaties now con- cluded will be kept, then it is no use to conclude treatics. In addition to the renunciation of aggression between Germany and France, there is the Eng- lish guarantee. Are the pledged word and power of England nothing to those who in France demand stronger se curity? The demand for greater se curlty is equivalent to an insult to | Germany and England, since it is based on an assumption of a breach of faith by them” | One may ‘only speculate as to the cause of this outbreak, so unlike the usual stuid and mensured Stresemann, this utterance of world propagandish flavor, of Tchicherinian bouquet. Did he in A weak moment succumb to Nationalist baitings, or in view of the impending elections did he propose to steal the Nationalists' thunder? One must suppose that the doctor was talk- ing mostly for home consumption and did not greatly consider the effect on an outside world already predisposed by |of emphasis the CoMseum at Rome. Emperor laid the guilt at the door of the Christians, and inflicted on them the most _terrible forms of punishment. The Chfistians, as they ~were popularly called. were hated for their secret abominations, and took their name from one Christ. who was executed in the reign of Tiberius by the provincial governor, Pontius Pilate. Though it was temporarily checked, this deadly superstition broke out again not only in Judea, where the mis- chief began, but spread even to Rome, the very sink of all that is shameful and horrible. First. all those who confessed that they were Christians were ar- rested. and on their statements a vast number of others were con- victed, not of having caused the fire. but of “hatred of mankind." Their death was made a public sport and spectacle; they were wrapped in the skins of wild beasts and torn to picces by dogs; they were nailed to crosses or burnt to serve as lamps when night had fallen. Nero had given up his own gardens for this performance. He entertained the people. too, with circus shows. mixing in the crowds in the dress of a charioteer or driv- ing a chariot. So it happened that though men thought the Christians were criminals who deserved ex- treme punishment, yet they came to pity them because they were being sacrificed. not for the public good, but simply to gratify the cruelty of one man Meanwhile the provinces were re- ling_against the heavy taxation by which Nero maintained his extravagant luxury in Rome: in 68 AD. they re- ‘belled and marched upon the capital propazanda to think the worst of the French. The informed and intelligent person may only smile at the fantastic appli- cation of “hypocricy” and “insult” to the demand for immediate bumper crops of “fruits of Locarno.” In in- sisting on continuance of the Rhineland occupation the French are altogether within their treaty rights. They hold the Rhineland as physical security and as security for reparations for fulfill- ment of the Dawes plan. They are will- ing to cvacuate when the League Council has established a satisfactory substitute system of inspection and | when reparations payments have other- wise been satisfactorily secured. They aver that development pursuant to Locarno has not been blocked by them but rather by German Nationalist in- trigue, that the Locarno agreement is being used by way of pressure for con- cession after concession, whereof the upshot should be practical nullification of the treaty. “This shoe hypocrisy” they sav. “look. it fits the German foot not ours. As 10 insult its a question Any precaution of a gov- ermmment. glancing outside its count is an insult in & manner of speaking On Thursday in_the French Senate Briand replied to Stresemann with b usual felicity and humor. “When." said he, “Dr. Stresemann takes a walk in the Olive garden of Locarno. he has the habit of stretching out his hand to receive rather than to give” He suggested to the doctor that he might hasten evacuation should he, pursuant to their famous Thoiry conversation, address himself to the problem of com- merclalization of the rerarations debt But I mus: postpone further comment on this interesting development. 1 doubt that the decision announced by the French government on Tuesday to reduce the French Rhineland occupa- tional force by 10000 to 30.000 has anything to do with Stresemann's out- break o ox e Haly and Hungary.—About a month ago five freight cars shown by the mani- fer* to contain agricultural tmplements Dare to Be a Daniel Halg, with the army so patiently train- | | ed. magnificent result of persistence In | those 10ng views. held ‘em, by a hair only, it you please, but held ‘em. It was at the crisis of this business, on April 12, 1918, that he issued one of the most famous orders, ending thus Every position must be held to the last !man.~ There must be no retirement With our backs to the wall and believ- g In the Justice of our cause, one of us must fight 1o the end ratety of our homes and the fre | of mankind depend alike upon the con- i duct of cach one of us at this eritical moment” Well, searcely any one will deny that Halg wan a super-McClellan for organ- Vzation, a fine tacticlan, wlmost u Lee for defensive. Bul had he the larger gitts demanded for the grand offensive? That he had seems 1o me proved by his conduct in the o luding days of the war. Me was chielly instrunental in the appointment of Foch as generalis- o His eye took in the whole ficld He successtully pressed upon Foch that extension of the battle northward which resulted i smazhing of the | Hindenburg dine His executlon of the vart of the general plan ansigned to {him was of the Airst order of brilianee | A lttle mistake had been made. Hin true gentus wis for the tme being 1ipe. be proved one of the great caplains I b interesting t note that st the very end as ot the | very beginning of the war he was usting cavalry with the lustinctive mastery of fannibsl | kar) Huig was w very handsome mun, most dignified 1o demeanor, bul of a perfect urbanity. of lsconic habit calllng the grest duke Blce the war Bl almost exclusively 1o the tare of Lhe ex-service men U iather of the Biitish Legion British Empire Bervices ( founder of Poppy day the gieat caplaing, though as yer his eputition bs far from answerable 4 Jis whilities and his seivices, wel- He was and the League 1 vepeat—ane of the offensive and, | wnd | | BY BRUC i EARS ago, when | wa H selling aluminum cooking i uten from door to | door, | called at a certain ) | house and sold a man two sauce H pans. In preparing to write down the order, | moistened the end of the pencil with the tip of my tongue. “Stop!" cried the customer in solemn tones. “Don't you know that moistening a lead pencil merely hardens the lead and makes writing more difficult? Don't you know that it s a carele and unhealthy habit, anyway | Whereupon he delivered a half- | hour lecture, which had obvi ously heen used cn many neople before. It spoiled my afternoon. l As | went away | thought to myself: “This old codger ha picked out the matter of mois tening lead pencils as his partic ! | ular conviction. In defense of || that faith he will sacrifice all friendship, destroy all social amenities and dare all rebuk [ | He goes through 1ife like & de tective, always hoping ta catch { | some one in the act. What a (| trivial fault ha has selected to crusade against, and how many hundreds of people he has prob ably made uncomfortabl i Another day | hreakfasted with a man who ordersd eggs boiled twa minutes and a half, A0 BARTON. When the eggs were delivered, he exploded. Th were not what he had ordered, he cried. They might be three-minute eggs or two-minute eggs, but he wanted two-and-a-half-minute egas He travels constantly and lives most of his time in hotels. And hecause ro waiter's (dea of time as applied to eggs agrees ox- actly with his own, he starts every morning with a fight. Uncle Joe Cannon said once “Every time | run for Congre: there s an old fellow in my dis trict wha publishes a paper against me. It s headed, ‘One With God Is a Majority' He never has any doubt,” said Jo to who is the one” In Sunday school we sing: Dare to be a Danie Dare to stand alone; Dare to have a purpose firm And dare to make it known. The important thing about being & Daniel is to know when to be one, and on what | Convictions are splendid when they relate to important matters; they are a public nuisance when they provoke a row over a petty detail On a couple of matters aMect ing my tamily or the principl of business, | dare to be a Dan iol. But not an whether a lead pencil should be moistened—or & half-minute difference in sggs. TECNY d to BY WILL DURANT, Ph. D., Author of “The Story of Philosophy. Nero tried for a time to hide. but then, | determining to die dramatically, he trapped himself, saying, tist dies in me w * % chaos, in which the emperors were chosen by the army or the Praetorian Guard of the palace, and brutality such as had seemed to pass away with Salia returned to fashion. Vespasian came from a merciless war against the re- volting Jews, made himself empcror and sent his son Titus to capture Jerusalem. The Jews resisted almost to the last man. and Vespasian retali- ated by exiling all the survivors from their ancient capital. Titus and his brother Domitian succeded to Vespasian and made more wars. In the midst of this violence a great catastrophe added to the disorder— Vesuvius broke into eruption (79 A. D.) and destroyed Pompeii and Hercu- {laneum. cities whose origin went back |10 the time of Greek power in Ita Today the tourist walks among the sun-baked ruins and cees that ancient life a$ if it had been in- terrupted only a brief while ago— chen utensils and baking ovens ready | for use, done by the lava, splendid mosaics on rich men’s floors. political appeals and shibboleths on charred walls, crude ob- scenities adorning the interior of a brothel. and the petrified body of a man struck down, with 10.000 others. by the burning torrent of ashes and ston | _Peace and quiet came again with Nerva, whom the Scnate managed to clect upon Domitian’s death (96 A. D.). Nerva saw the problem—to find some mode of succession that would escape the domination of the state by sol- dieryv—and he saw in the example of Augustus the best solution. He adopted Trajan for his heir and trained him in the art of being kinz. But he died too soon (98 A. D.) and Traiah. suddenly empowered, itched for the glory of war. Seeing the peril to Rome in the bar- barians gathered to the north, he forced them back across the Danube. estab- lished Dacia as a buffer state and left | | { there so many Roman soldiers and col- | {onists that to this day the land is called Rumania. and the people speak a tongue half Latin and half Slav. But then he lost himself in vain dreams of rivaling Alexander and died in the midst of a campaign in the Orient. * % % % He had followed the p lished by Augustus and Nerva.and had selected Hadrian as heir to his pover. It was his wisest act. for Hadrian nroved to be one of the ablest rulers in history. He refrained from war, and to keep back the barbarians contented himself with building immense walls between the Rhine and the Danube and between Scotland and England. Parts ot _those vast structures still te- main. For half a century this ex- pedient sufficed After a long and beneficent reign (117-138) Hadrian died. leaving his power to Antoninus Pius, a man too kindly and gentle to fit a throne. The great influence of Stoicism had now | produced a type of Roman almost Christian—only the principie of succes- sion by selection could have raised such ({Continued on Fifth Page.) of talian origin and to be destined for Poland were examined by the Austrian authorities at the Austro-Hungarian border and found to contain machine guns. Moreover, seems to be defi- nitely established that the arms were really destined for Hungary not Poland. Wherefore. not unnaturally, Czechoslo- vakia and Jugoslavia are het up. They have asked the League Counci to in- vestigate. For a while Rumania (per- haps the explanation connects itself with her alleged recent making up to Musso- lint) seemed to show herself strange- Iy coolish about the affair. but finadly decided to join her sisters of the Little Entente in appeal to the Council. The What an ar- | And now began three generations of | impatiently | loaves of bread a little over- | BRITISH TRADE PARLEY TO BE FELT 1 Employers and Workers G “Peace in Industry”—Results Fore- seen by Cabinet Members. THOMAS, State for Cabinet BY J1. H. ! | British Secretary of T the Tabor Although separated from my country by the great Atlantic Ocean, there will be no American citizen who will not be profoundly interested in, and indeed in some respects affected by, the important | conference which has just been held in | London between a group of representa- tive employers and the general council {of the Trades Union Congress. Many ! efforts have been made in Great Britain {to arrange for a better relationship be- tween capital and labor. but no previ- lous attempt was So spontaneous. S0 | unique and so widely representative as | the one started on January 12 On the employers' side, one repre- sentative alone. Sir Josiah Stamp. rep- | resents capital expenditure on British { railways amounting to no less a sum {than $6.000,000,000. Add to this capital expenditure all the other industries rep- rezented at the conference and you have a prodigious and almost incredible the Colonies nly national body authorized to speak for the workers in the entire field of British industry—the Trades Union Congress, which has an affiliated mem- bership of nearly 5.000.000. Add to this number of members the total number of their dependents and you have. rep- resented by the Trades Union Congress. ! most of the workers in England and a | majority of the whole population. | To have brought such a conference to maturity is no small achievement. and l“ naturally aroused tremendous na- tional interest. But certain unique cir- | cumstances. surrounding the movement made it even more remarkable. It must bz remembered that less than two yea ago America learned—and. I guess, considera amazement — that this steady. sleepy oid country of ours was =ngaged in a life-and-death struggle on scale unprecedented throughout the orld’s industrial histo And later, a result of the gencral strike, Parlia- ment passed legisiation which, I have no hesitation in saying. embittered the trade unionists of the country against the Conservat and the employ |ers more than g ever done | before. Yet almost immediately after these two events we find that the general council of the Trades Union Congress. acting in bohalf of the workers of Great Britain. decided almost to accept the invitation to meet an U fluential group of employers who truly bo described as the really big cap- tains of British industry and who repre- sent almost the entire industrial field One might appropriately ask at thic point: But why should America be in- terested in this conference? And why should she desire to watch the progress he movement? Such questions have ! to be put to find ready answers. America Is Praised. By her noble stand against aggres nd the laudable efforts making to promote world peace. ica has shown that she is consciot if civilization is to survive and progress the spirit of good will and co-operation through peaceful methods mu uted for the hell. horror and waste of warfare ut if | anythi But if principle is right as regards the rela- tions of nations, surely America is equal- Iy interested in seeing t lication of the same principles t We all know victor after the battleficld. And it there is gain either side af! a breach and strug between ca; labor. and t whil> i in an dustrial fight, a same time the tion also suffers. Therefore. eve: % the duce the danger of open conflic mere slogan. or fine phrases { istic perorations co promote indu: | trial peace. it would have been esiade affair might have blown over had Mus- | solini disavowed responsibility and taken indicated action against the Verona shippers. He didn't and the Little Ententers say that he has, therefore. in effec. assumed responsibility for Italian shipment of arms to Hungary in viola- tion of the peace treaty, some are bold to add. in furtherance of certain ne- farious plans of his The Fascist press furiously declares that Italy won't al- low a League investigation of the mat- ter, and one )¢ told that Mussolin is using diplomatic pressure to forestall an investigation. Great Britain would fain keep the business out of the Council, | e her good offices to So, at any ks France to end. France refuses. the dispatches say. =k a: merican The 10 be Pan-America. — The "Pan. Conference proceeds amical danger of explosions is thous! past. The Mexican proposal noticed by me last week was turned down in commit- tee, 19 to 1. the proposal, namely, of ro- tation of the offices of chairman of the governing board and director general of the Pan-American Unton, these offices 10 go by rotation to representatives ot the 21 participating natians. i alpha- betical order of the latter. in place of the present arrangement by which the Secretary of State of the United States is chairman and a citizen of the United States is airector general But a Mexi- can proposal that nations participating in the Union may, if they wish, be rep- ented on the governing board by al delegates instead of, as hitherto, by their Ambassadors or Ministers at Washington was carried in committee. ~ United States of America—On Wed- nesday the Senate passed. 53 to 81, the Jones” merchant marine bill, originated in the Senate commerce com- mittee and which flies in the face of the expressed wishes of the Prestdent This bill propases to Keep the Federal merchantfleet under control of the | Shipping Board and forbids selling any of the vessels, save by unanimous con- sent of the board. 1t will be recalled that 1 bts December message the President declared that “public opera- tion of the fleet 15 not A& success” and urged Congress (o authortze sale of the vessels 10 private interests as speedily as possible. The bill authorizes replace- ments, and preseribes that new ships be i dullt i the United States and be de- signed as auniliaries (o the naval and military services | Section 1 reads {poliey declared | merchant marine act 1920 is heres by confirmed and the purpose of the United States 1o maintain permanently A merchant marine adegquate tor the proper growth of the forelgn and do- meatic commerce of the United States fand for the national defense s hereby amirmed The bl now goes o the House Two months of the seston of Cone gress have gone by without final action reached on any of the yreat problems [tax reduction (perdu I the Senate commitiee on finance). farm relief, the merchant marine. Mississippt flood pro- teetion, the naval bullding program . (he | Boulder Canyon project, Muscle Shoals as fallows section 1 of the The oo Notea~Norway now has the Iabar government - her history The threat of & breach in the Ger- Fman Centriat party seems o have been javerted dino and Wl merry men seem to hm? vanished from thelr whitom DauR@ Actoss e Honduias borded flest which | work at Panama. Taft instant. He ct It was after he Y for a year th Gatun loc discourage: Panan found Col turbed in the face of trophe. “Well a canal asked I can build yo build you a sea you prefer.” the cuk if you do not w 0 hot =y Taft decide ructure of the k and & went around & cry situation great catas- wh 1d nt el e W ! But just when 1t Jood long drudgery were neariy big siide came at Cucarach Many of the ens Sive all P Col moned hurriedly to | aster Gatllard was Cal "What are we ete he asked as Col, Goet. over the scens The colonel i arette before he answet “Hell.™ he said, “dig ‘That was his only comum: did dig 1t out agw there would be disaster | Seven years had he And then, in 1914, with the ¢ coamplishad engineerng his reward. The world heralded | A genius—as Amerte }(‘X’h‘l rrying handsome ducements flowed 1 fron ners of the globe | down to stay a first civil governe Congress hong vear. voting him the pav and major general o rec there nal an B . e e Two m was retived he founded e George W Qoethals & Co And when America entered the World War rallicd again to his countny s ad breame general my ger of th | seney Fleet Corporation and ta Actng quATtermaste al Finallv he Devame assistant chiet of staft ang divector of purchase, storage and tragy He was alo & member of the War tn Qustries Board Back tn private lfe i 1 he sumed his profession of comsulting eng neer and continued 1t unil his death He was assoviated with the port of New | York authority for many vears. and had | much 10 do With the plans for {recently completed Holtand Veluewtar Tunnel and the bridge now under cone Jruction from New York to Rort Lee But the Panama Canal remains fn‘.\l("! {eat A that his fame e Thowsands of s worked (here w him We were a wmachine. The eolon was the driver of this machine. dut he was part of o He diove humsel AN We cAURNE Ris S abd we drove ourselves Heatt and soul we worked | for the completion of the tob We talked canal i the quarters and eating houses We drefined canal at nahe When things Roked hopeless, as they at at own the eng NN w § with mait AMERICA ather to Seek lished in England long 2go. But there are fundamental differences to be bridged. many deep-rooted prejudices to be overcome and other difficuit prob- lems to be solved: and to accomplish this requires deeds rather than words. Consequently it might well be asked: What hope is there for any tangible re- sults arising out of this new confer- ence? In reply I have no hesitation in saving that such hope is based on pre clear. outstanding fact. Sinee Grea® War there have grown up ness, mistrust and suspicion. which ha.e permezated the ranks of both sides Reasons Doubted. t of this condition one hand is t when a d made for an increase the wages or a reduction in the labor. the men decline either to acce;t or believe the re given their emplovers for refusinz the demands. On the other hand. when the empl ers attempt to encroach on the work- ers’ standards. an exact! imilar sta s of affairs exists. In other words, each ide has a complete lack of confidence 1 other. As a resuit. we find that to understand the difficul e other. and ariably no at- tempt is made to get the real facis of the case 1f only the L] on mand rates ¢ hours of The res sons and the employers w Iy that they will recognize human and human needs, and if on to understand of industry and of labor is to give or fair wages and veal a real dispositi the economic pos; admit that the duty its best in return conditions of emplo; ths present distrust and sus b2 dispersed 2nd will have been won But what is perhaps portant and vital consi both capital and labor is problem of how to remove nightmare of unemployment. No em- ployer. no worker. ever feels happy am.d conditions such as surround us today. 1 really wonder how many American people appreciate that. altnough we iost more than 1.000.000 men killed in the war. although 200.000 more workers are now emploved in British industry than ar of more d. Such star- ey signify. wil growing eco- than 1.000.000 unemplo; tling figures. with all soon bring 1o a crisi nomic procblem w which we are faced Neither one side nor the oth-r can it alone—it is a jomnt task Affects World. the outcome of the conferencs not only our homes and people. but also the future of our coun- try and its relations with the worid This momentous conf ce of Brit: cspital and labor, be interp: ikes much deeper and affec’s iager issues by two 1 product: the problem of At the ou! side is prepared to abate one j rights and ties. but both sides consider that responsibility to the nation as & whole ter than their duties to any sec- terests and are prepared to that the prodlem is one of and international charac working ou the enormous result from stn ruits of concilia~ and common sense. vear boa Dike to elping get Gat: uTe wrong.” he sad was the head fellow. diavow his due. He dd have given up and Peace Has Returned To Spanish Morocco Deing ST ate good pro o of peace and s entire expeditiona ated and G Sner and com- PIOROSES 10 retam only O0Ds And the foregn legion Wik Repatraataon R Das B deen s unce 1909 d seale ret the SPAniD WATIS i A sounve of wne bounded TeNvCIg e s v © large & - Mailman Swallowed By Glacier in leeland Volcanic activity withm the Vit Rul Glacker, I southoastern Toed 1a, cceutly et the e of & wekve dor dramatie olreumstances. The averiand mail fllows A route thoagh e Wlanie AR and on A b LT ovASion Ihe camavan consiviad QL tWo el and seven hones Ny The woather was very noush 1 ANd the men and harses were atrugsiing hell wav over the mountam whea an INene Aasire qened Drmedintelr - fre e Nader He WHR fowr Dotses dhappeared © the chasm, while the other man hadt sather all is Wits t save humselt and e remaining ave horses He tarned Back to the Ihabited distiicis. utier iy Sabatsiend A Teue Ay Tusdget the soene the tragedy bt fouia ne WAces ol 1he wAferunat Wmatman at l