Evening Star Newspaper, November 1, 1927, Page 8

JHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Mornme Kdition WASHINGTON. D C. TUESDAY.....November 1, 1927 THEODORE W. NOYES. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Otlice: «d Pennsylvania Ave. New York Oflics. 110" Eust 1 St Chicago Oftice: Tower Bul 3 ropsay Office: 14 Regent St.. Loudon Enviand ith St The vening Star with the Sunday morn ing edition 1s delivered by cariiers within s cily at GU ceuls ber mont 43 ‘ents e month: Sundays only cents ver mouth, Orde: be sent Ly mil o0 telephue Main 500 tow is made by carrier @1 end of esch Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia Datly ana Sunday Ler S0 00 1 mo. Dailr ouly .. STV SG00 1§ me Sundav onlv 1er 800 1 mo ily All Other States and Can Jalv ana Sunday 31200 1 Daily onle &% 00 Sundav only S50 Member of the Associated The Assocrated Press 1s exclust ely o o the use for repul of all news d patches credited Lo it ited 1 th published 1 AN rinta or wat of_apecial atehes herein are also rese-ved ——— 1o Ier 1sr Tax-Reduction Estimates. In . statement vesterday before the House ways and means committee, now holding hearings preliminary to the drafting of the new tax bill, Sec- | retary Mellon placed the total net| reduction of taxes safely to be made by this iegislation at $225,000,000. | This is considerably lower than the | estimated reduction heretofore made— | at least $75,000,000 less than that which | has been regarded as the probable re ommendation of the administration. | Democratic tax - reduction proposals | have gone as high as §600,000,000. In justification of his estimate of a tax reduction of $225,000,000, the Se retary stated that the surplus of 192 must govern, and that this surplus | would be only approximately §200,000,- 000. Secretary Mellon in his statement to the committee, admitting that there have been underestimates of revenues by the Treasury for several years, ex- plained that this has been because D(f the impossibility of foreseeing the in-| crease of special revenues, which are of a non-recurrent character. | It there have been errors of esti- mates during the past few years, the result has been beneficial rather than | harmful, for these conservative fig-| ures have resulted in a surplus rather | than a @eficit in the Treasury. It is far easier to deal with an excess of | revenus than with a deficiency. It is not so embarrassing to expend as to find new resources. While Secretary Mellon yesterday declared that the| Treasury has not consciously or as a | matter of policy “played safe” in its | figuring, it has unquestionably been | on the safe side. ~~ A competition for tax-reduction cred- 1t naturally follows any opportunity to | lower the imposts through the accu-| mulation of surplus funds. At each | session for several years this competi- tion has heen in evidence at the Cap-| itol. The taxpayers have found the burden. which was increased to such 2 great extent by the war, steadily lessened. The prestige of these suc- cessive reductions has inured to the | administration rather than the oppo- sition, despite the vigorous efforts of the latter to scale the tax schedule more severely. The tax-paying public has looked to the accomplished fact rather than the rejected proposals. Already there are differences of opinion as to the details of reduction. Secretary Mellon's project may not be adopted as it stands. Some Republi- can members of the ways and means committee have indicated their dispo- sition to modify it. 8o long as there continues to be a lowering of the burden, the average taxpayer will not concern himself shout the technical details. It is the fact that the amount of annual pay-| ments is on the whole being steadily / reduced that counts. And, further- more, the country is well “sold” to the | proposition that debt reduction is quite #s important as tax reduction; that, indeed. debt reduction means tax re- @uction through the saving of interest and the advancement of the day when | the country can return to normal fiscai overations, having in an-extraor- | dinarily short time liquidated the ob- ligations incurred in consequence of | the war. | —ee Rumania occasionally pauses to re- mind the world that the amount of politics & country can hold is often in inverse proportion to its geographical | ize, —_— e Grade Crossings. “Once for all” the Supreme Court of the United States has laid down a | rule of conduct for all courts in grade | crossing accidents. In setting aside a judgment in favor of the estate of & motorist who had been killed in a collislon between a train and his au- tomobile. the court holds that the vic- tim of the accident had only himself to blame. In making this important ruling Justice Holmes said: When a man goes upon a railroad track he knows that he goes to a place where he will be killed if a train comes upon him before he is clear of the track. He knows that he must #top for the tiain, not the train stop for him. In such circumstances it seems to us that if a driver cannot be sure otherwise whether a train is dan- gerously near, he must stop and get out of his vehicle, although obviously he will not often be required to do more than to stop and Inok. 1t seems to us that if he relies upon not hear ing the train or any signal and takes no further precaution, he does %o at his own risk. This ruling puts the issue squarely up to the motorist. The grade cross- ing menace has long been recognized 25 2 potent factor in the annual auto- mobile fatality toll. Rallroads are working for the elimination of grade crossings, but the expense is so great that it will be many years before this desirable condition is brought about. In the meantime, the railroads are safeguarding motorists by gates, sig- nals and watchmen. In view of these efforts it is logical to put the responsi- bility upon the driver of an automo- bile. The extraordinary part of accidents that occur where cailroad tracks and highway weet ix that in spite of watchmen, gates. hells, lights and road barvicades, motorists insist on | | | torward {is a comparatively new problem. ani | unit and each jealous of its individual THE TEVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. €. TUESDAY, NO when the diiver of an automobii E " train in t Pwill dvive squarely the in his excit d his s ol an approaching si upon acks here to stall his motor ment. and a few seconds later a name to the long list of v ade crossing accidents. may there have cases when, with the wates dow | torists have tried to drive unde o get across the tracks. It iz a sid commentary on the good judsmert of | the millions who are granted permits to drive in the United Statas, snd nt is doubtful even with the court deci sien that no redress can be obtained, | that conditions will improve until all the | thist | | it seem. also heer hem [ zrade crossings are abolished or licensing of drivers 15 so Inone but the fully quatitied shall op | erate an antomobite -t Prince Georges' Prcblem. The present discussion over the ad disadvant of nto one municipality the twen striet | | | s and s con bt communities in nearby Prince icorges County the matural ome of a condition which is bringing the same problem in of the United States. | i | is out- | many sections But it e which offers no star for solution. lished, each with its own politica: Small communitiés are | Stranee as | | deared h toeds of fiendishness as he now eon fe: have cause to ponder well the wrds of the judze on that ocea ind to wive (hanks that his hope that they would themselves never he vic ims of thix firebug was fulfilled. on | | s e Norteck for Lowden. pator Peter Norbeck of South Da has declared in unequivocal terms for the nomination of Frank O. Lowden of Hlinois for President. So {the ssive Republican group in | doubt | | tional exercise. ¢ THIS AND THAT & BY CHARLES E. TRACEW ELL. sheer coincidence, several reuders have thix column within the past week as to the best method of getting in a laily wak wnen one's time is timited. The valie of walking as a constitu- specially for seder- widely recogn hrough no the nate, now urging Senator George Norris of Nebraska for Presi dent, Ioses a prospective member. | snator Norbeck in his statement that Lowden the only sup- ot the MeNary Haugen lliH‘ who has a chance publican as serts is porter nomination Pechaps Mr. Norbeck » block of dele national come from States which are not at «ll | friendly te the MeNary-Hau | Bill, with its price-fixing equal- | fee. Mr. Lowden, by his| spousal of principles of the M ‘v-Haugen bill, has scarcely en nself to the Republican lead- those Yot it was in of the I tes that Mr. 1. as 4 regular and conservative sularly strong in " e will forgets s 1o e convention en farm rvelief ization . the ers of ates, an stern Sta Lowd Republican. was part ¥. They grow. and their houndary | lines, first so plainly marked, vanish | with the growth. In time there comes | into being what in cffect is one large | city town, but in reality it s a ! town that is divided into a score and more of separate towns. In many ases the result is extremely unfor- tunate. There is no co-ordinated sy tem of streets. water supply, sewaxe dispe parks, but only a hodge | podge of communities which share no | relation to each other except a com | mon allegiance to the county, State ind Federal governments. Sometimes | this almost inevitable resuit is fore stalled by a voluntary merger of the different communities into one munici- pality, as is now suggested in Prince Georges County. Sometimes the prob- | lem is solved when a ne. 'y city, which dominates the outlying sections, annexes these sections, and sometim the separate communities set up for themselves a planning commission which co-ordinates their without destroying their poli dependence. The problem in Prince Georges | County has not reached the acute | stage where an immediate solution is necessary. But it will be only a short time before that stage is reached. It is fortunate, therefore, that the issue is already coming up for discussion. and it will be more fortunate if these closely related towns can solve their or | problem before it grows too big for them. The communities in Prince Georges County are fortunate in some respects. They are not faced with the bogey of annexation to Washington, which so frightens some communities located in proximity to a large city. They do not have to solve the vexing problem created when some of the communities are located in one county and others find themselves in another county, thus bringing into conflict two more political entities. Nor are they bothered with the condition faced where State lines cut between com- mun’ les which otherw would be happy to join and share their prob- lems. Such conditions present a series of interesting questions for the future. One of them concerns the machinery of county government, and whether | or not this machinery has grown archaic and outlived its usefulness in some sections of the county. Another is the possibility that at some future time new machinery will be created by the States, ‘or the joint action of States, which will supersede ‘he municipal, county and State govern- ments In questions relating to the making and carrying into effect of re- gional planning. Prince Georges County communities are tackling a problem which needs careful thought and investigation befo the solution is found. But they are tackling it at the right time, which is before, and not after, the problem | has become unwieldy. Their method of solution, whatever it is, will be watched with sympathetic interest not only in Washington, but throughout this section of the United States. r———— Aviators remain unterrified by the disasters in the air. A man capable of fear would lack the first requisite of an aviator. ———————— Oil becomes a subject for deep study in finance as well as geology. o A Fire Fiend. A singular incident of human aber- ration was brought to light yesterday when Ernest Rhodes, a porter ‘. a] large hospital in Brooklyn, “discov- ered” a fire in one of the buildings and played the role of hero in trying | to extinguish the flames and save the patients, only later as he lay recuper- ating from the effects of smoke to be identified as a pyromaniac and then to confess that he had himselt started | the blaze. As Rhodes lay on a cot, the center of admiring attentions from nurses and others who regarded him as a savior of the institution from total destruction, the chiet fire mar- shal came along with his assistants Brophy, the marshal, and Rhodes ex- changed glances. Mutual recognition followed. Brophy recalled Rhodes as the man he had suspected in five cases | of arson in 1917 and whom he had | caused to be arrested and indicted. A sympathetic jury, however, had ae. quitted the accused, to the great | chagrin of the presiding judge, who | | expressed the hope that none of the jurymen would ever have their homes burned by this dangerous man. Pressed for an explanation yesterday Rhodes said that he was deeply sorry for his action, which was due as best he could explain it to his desire for a little excitement. He sald he had al- ways wanted to be a fireman, but had been barred by bad feet and the fact that he never attended school. Such a man, of course, is too dan- gerous to be allowed at liberty. He fa a deadly menace. Probably now | that he has contessed his incendlarism | he will be put away for a long period sither by sentence of imprisonment or Making A chance’ with their lives ere have bLeen innumerable cises ago pronounced Him not guilty of five givip' dinner. committal as on\ul unsound mind And those twel men who ten vears | the interj ction of Senator | Where is that little German band 1920 when he made a bid for the pr dential nomination. The It ate, headed and Senator not favorable My he support mly a bid for il s S0 M den man 1l ressive group in ‘he € Senator Borah o1 Tiiho prris of NI to the nomi t scouts the i | ation of | fden it | it i his | the MeNars-Itaugen Dill | the support of the wden, Pro; of i is a tos of 1 f itor Norbeck fullen of \ o fears a' o, that Nenis nto 1omina- the ciculty What what Gov e, and | weoska for the Rapublic for President wiil divids tern forces and ke roef forts of little avail when the natio :al convention meets next June. Tnd-ed there seems little doubt that their fears will be realized if the ment takes real hold in sev of the Northwest. Congre~s the na- onal forum, is abuut to spen. The su) porters of ator Nor and op- ponents of Mr. Lowden :re likcls to air their likes and disiikes on the ficc > of the Senate and House. “hen 1'rogr s fall out, they fall out fully. A row over the quaifications and availability of Mr. Lowden and Mr. rrig, rospectively, is likely to injure the chances of both It has become increasingly ap- pavent, however, that the '.owden camp would have more and more d'fM- culty, as time progressed, in lining up the old Progressive Republicans for its candidate—the Progressives who tollowed Roosavelt in 1912 and Hiram Johnson in 1920. The farm organiza- tions backing the MeN: v-Har bill have been a source of strength to the Lowden candidacy. It remains to be seen whether these organizations are strong enough to overcome the Progressive dislike of the former Gov- ernor of lilinois in the Statea of the “a-thwest and the Middle West. - ———— Having accomplished about every- thing else he has undertaken, Mr. Hoover s regarded by many as a man who could carry a presidential race through very successiully if he were to put his mind on it. ——— e Brilliantly lighted highways, moving | throngs and numerous police did not prevent a woman from stepping into complete oblivion. . There is no loneli- ness so great as that to be found in a crowd. A Cs SR Plans for a superalrplane are now engaging the attention of Mr. Levine. Often regarded as something of a joke, this indomitable air enthusiast is evi- dently determined to have the last laugh. e e Moorish kidnapers are raising the ransoms demanded for numerous dis- tinguished captive There is scarcely any exception to the upward tendency of the cost of living. ———— SHOOTING STARS. the rocn n tion, is move- | Siates an BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Vanished Institution. Where Is that “little German band” Whose tune was once so pleasant? It never offered music “canned,” Like much we hear at present. 1t played the melodies so dear In generous profusion, And never gave us cause to fear The saxophone’s intrusion. We miss the music of the pa: ‘With all its prim precision, Save when an orchestra so vast Performs with fine decision. We used to welcome daily, Which scattered music through the land And scorned a ukulele? Usefulness. “Your old enemies say you have out- lasted your usefulness in Congress.” “They are more generous than some of my old, good-natured friends who induigently remark that I never had any.” Halloween Masquerade. How modest human nature seems Since one of its most cherished dreams | From childhood onward is to go In garb grotesque to help the show! No one a scepter sought to wave To make his fellow men behave; We merrily disguised ourselves As clowns and goblins, imps and elves. Jud Tunkins says what prevents standing up in a crowded street car from being good morning exercise is the fact that it's too violent. "ostume. “What do you think of my cos. tume?” asked Eve, “Can't see why it should be so scant,” answered Adam. “You aren't entered in any contest for a beauty prize.” “Wealth,” said Hi Ho, the sage. of Chinatown, “is a golden megaphone employed by the voice of power.” “A narrow-minded man,” said Uncle Eben, “can't feel truly thankful foh Lihat of any | tion, | zoasend nuffin’ much, excep’' his own nks PSS PN the circulation body the result muscles of the 108 tive 1 of the la more o persons are fon of their throuuk of the ¢ legs for Many untware of the o blood. who enough note it in the com- n of a friend. A man's own however, is closer to him than friend. and he ought to attention to it ion of athletes indulze in daily ex e alive. the heart in better i the complexion better. At least, of these henefits may se secured throngh walking Yet many find their time so occu pied with business and social dutics that a 1-to-4-mile walk almost out of the question. they think Where is the time to come from from sunup to sundown a person t find much 30 minutes a daily walk? * ko % The answer, of this: The walk nightfall This is an easy and pleasant solu- so simple that many persons nover seem to think of it. Yet it will enable the husiest man or woman to et in a certain amount of health- ful walking almost every day. To the truly sedentary per: mostly stays home and has plenty of time after supper. this solution of the walking problem will come as a After a week it will help relieve that sleepy feeling t be- sets all too many persons after they have eaten their dinner. This heaviness after supper, by the ¢, is not always caused by eating too much. perts declare that im- proper lighting of a room may in- duce it. Before placing the blame on too much dinner or increasing age. the living room lights should be looked after. It is not necessary, however, that the evening walk be taken shortly after dinner, or supper, whichever t intending pedestrian calls it. While a walk immediately after a meal will do no harm, despite the ad- vice of some to the contrary, perhaps the best time is shortly before one goes to bed. Py mor i and vise is (rim ir ann s0 as course, is simply must be taken after m. who Ak One of the real ns of this walk- ing in the darkness is that it takes the curse off the stunt. One feels more or less silly just walking around the streets in a large city in the day- time. After nightfall, however, one may walk his shoes off without any one minding his feat, and without himself feeling any embarrassment over the matter. ‘The grip of the crowd asserts it self in many w: not commonly recognized. This, we believe, is one of them. Many a man who would take a daily long walk in the country does not do 0 in the city. After the selection of the night as the hest time for the walk, the next question is the route. aueried | Here is where our plan takes on the aspecis of a race course. Our suggestion is that the pedestrian confi himselfl to a certain number | ut times around the block In which he i | " Surely he would be regarded as a mild xort of lunatic if he walked four { times around hiz home block in the | dayume. The old ladies would get 1o setting their clocks by his peram bu'ations Under the cloak of darkne: ever, he may ramble around 3 times as he wills with no more atten ton thin it he were a burglar Pthing. “our times around the hloc v ototad of 16 blocks in a straight line, commonly said to constitute a mile it the squares are of average length This ring-around-the-rosy sort of walking makes an especial appeal to the lazy person in that it seems tre mendously easy to do—a no inconsid- crable quality when one thinks of all the lazy yeople who are deterred from | beginning because the thing looks | difficult. “Just walk around the block—whs. that's easy™ It is easy, sure enough, partienlarly at the start, as pointed out. Yet by keeping on around for even as few as four complete cir- | cuits the pedestrian will discover that it is exactly the same good exercise as if he et out for the Monument or | the Capitol. matkes EEE An advantage of such walking is | that it solves the trafic problem, for | the pedestrian has no streets to cross remaining on the sidewalk the whole time, | In this day of crowded streets this | is no small matter. By simply walk ing around the block on the sidewalk keeping out of the streets, one sud | denly finds himself duplicating the at | mosphere of 20 to 25 vears ago. when one might walk with more or less peace in either the daylight or night | time, free from imminent danger of | loss of Jimh or life. This makes the evening walk a happy one, so that with a pleasant companion one may discuss the most weighty matters or trivialities, as is one's mood of the moment. Alley crossings offer the only dan- ger, and the traffic in the alleys is not one-tenth as great as in the streets, so that aside from a glance to the side one need not hother much with them. Some may think that the loss of the street crossings will cut the distance down. But to settle this we recently paced off 16 turns around our own block, not a particularly large one, and found it to come out to almost an eighth of a mile more than a mile— that is, to 1'4 miles. This evening walk should be a walk, not a stroll. Put some pep into it and “hit it up.” Do not dress too warmly, even if the weather is cold, as one will be warm enough by the second or third time around. Eight times around means 2 miles, 12 times around gives 3 miles and 16 times around counts 4 miles. Thus one might walk around the world around his own home in the course of a vear, if he had the mind to and the will power to keep it up. As an exercise of the will, walking is perhaps the very best there is for the person who needs exercise the most of all—the man or woman who is taking on excess fat and who heartily dislikes walking. BACKGROUND OF EVENT: BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The President of Greece, Admiral Paul Koundouriotis, was shot last Sun- day by a would-be assassin, who Is re- ported to be a waiter, of no political significance, but with Communistic 04 ions, He is a Greek, named afiolos Goussios. His confession con- tains the plea that as the state had given him no support during his non- | employment, he wished to avenge that “wrong” by attacking the state. lie elieved that that was true logic. From a Socialistic standpoint, the whole people _socialistically ~should work for the State, which, in turn, must iake care of all individuals, Therefore, according to his reasoning, the state “owed” him a living, which it was not giving, o he would mur- der the head of the state. * X x X There is no international complica- tion in the attack; there is no shadow of “another Balkan war.” even though there have been rumblings in recent weeks of trouble between Greece and “Macedonia” over border disputes. Armed men have heen posing as Mace- donian heroes and patriots, defending their country against encroachments. According to the Minister of Greece to the United States, Mr. Simopoulos, there is no truth in the pretense of defense of Macedonia by ‘“Mace- donians,” for the simple reason that for thousands of years (since Alexan- der the Great) there never has been a political Macedonia. It ceased to he an independent country when Rome conquered it, in 168 B.C. Yet the peace of the Balkans habitually hinges | on Macedonia. LR During the first eight centuries of the Christian era Macedonia_became peopled by Slavonic races. From the ninth {o the eleventh century it was part of the Bulgarian empire, then for a century part of Servia, until, in 1389, it was conquered by Turkey Bulgarians living in Turkish donia fomented frequent revol after 1878 the powers of Europe at the Congrees of Berlin gave assistance to Macedonian Christians in_protecting their rights and safety. But Turkey atill held sovereignty. In 1912 Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Servia united in war ngainst Turkey, which Macedonia was freed Turkish rule, but then within a month after the end of that war Greece and Bulgaria went to war over the division of the spoils. Later Servia, Rumania and Turkey allied with Greece in the fight azainst Bulgaria. The result of that war zave to Greece part of Mace- donia, Epirus and Thrace and all of Thessaly and certain islands. This doubled the territory and population of Greece. but it left her with a hor- net's nest in Grecian Macedonia, where there were hundreds of thou- ands of Bulgarian residents hating Greece, * ok ok X Tt is sometimes forgotten that the tremendous exchange of peoples he. tween Greece and Turkey, in 1922, had been preceded on a smaller sc by a similar, though voluntar: change of peoples between Bulgaria and Greece in 1913. In that repatria- tion 40,000 Greeks living in that part of Macedonia assigned to Rulgaria sought refuge in Greece, and in the following May (1914) 300.000 other eeks, living in Kastern Thrace, mi- grated en masse to their home land. This movement became so important that it resulted in the creation of a ministry of assistance, and served the very useful purpose of teaching the eeks how to meet the enormous influx of 1,400,000 Greeks from Minor after the disaster of the Greek invasion of Turk Through the action of the Supreme Couneil of Versailles, 1919, in award ing to Greece a mandate over the “city of Smyrna and its environs," the Greeks were tempted into that disastrous invasion of Turkey to ex- tend what was interpreted “en- virons” of Smyrna. Defeated by the Turks, the outcomes was an_agree- ment, led by the League of Nations, that all Greeks should get out of Tur- key and all Turks get out of Greece. So Greece received from Turkey 1.400.000 “Greeks,” some of whose ancestors had lived in Turkey for Mmany centuries, Greece lost about by | from | 400,000 Turks. Where to locate this great influx of repatriated Greeks was a problem of unprecedented com- plexity, which Greece solved to a large extent by compelling holders of great estates in Greece, and especially in Grecian Macedonia, to sell the land to the state, in exchange for honds, and the refugees who could till the | soil were given small holdings on !long, easy terms of payment. It was necessary also to equip them with machinery, with live stock and with seed, and to support them until the maturing of the first crop. For this purpose, a loan was floated, prin- cipally in the United States, amount- ing to about $75.000,000. Recently the League of Nations has recom- mended another loan of $45,000,000, one-third to be.used to fund floating indebtedness, one-third to stabilize the currency and the other third large- ly to complete the equipping of the refugees, both on their farms and in industries for non-farmers. Part of the loan will also be used in develop- ing roads and in draining swamps of | Macedonia, thereby making the coun- try inhabitable for its greatly in- creased population. Much of the coun- try now is afflicted with malaria, so that it Is almost uninhabltable, but drainage will cure that and convert {worthless land into rich farm terri- tory, £ xoxx In 1912, prior to the Turkish war and the Greco-Bulgarian war, that rt of Macedonia now known as reco-Macedonia held a population of Greeks, 513,000; Mussulmans, 475,000; | Bulgarians, 119,000, and mixed races, 98.000; total, 1,205,000, In 1926 the population in Greco- | Macedonia is recorded as follows: Greeks . . 00 ( 8R, e 1000 {800 ber cent) «. 1711000 100 per cent. According to the Greek Minister, | Simopoulos, the *Macedonians’ who are making border troubles are Bulgarian “gunmen” bent on personal robbery and general unrest. * ok K K Observers who have visited Mace- | donia since the great exchange of populations in 1922, and especially |such as have seen the country re- cently, are astonished at its develop- ment ‘and its signs_of prosperit; Never in the history of man had there heen an inflow of distitute and unor- ganized people equivalent to one- fourth of the existing population; never | has there heen such expeditious and successful handling of the refugees. It was equivalent to America’s recejv- ing 30,000,000 immigrants within a few months, and feeding and placing them in lucrative self-sustaining em- ployment. Many of the repatriated Greeks had had their own industries in Asia Minor—such as weaving carpets, called “Orfental rugs.” All this skill has now been transplated in Greece and Greco-Macedonia. Also silk culture and weaving. All the detailed management of the settling of the repatriated Greeks has been carried on by a commission whose president has heen American— successively, Mr. Henry Morgenthau Dr. Alfred Bonzon and Mr. Charl {Howland. The latter has resigned re- cently on account of illness in his family. - Mixed 1 Total * ook x _Greece Nas adopted a new constitu- tion within the last few weeks, and if it should happen that the wounded President should die, there might be some confusion as to his successor, hecause there is no Vice President and no Senate yet elected, and the successor to the presidency must be elected by the two houses of Parlia- ment. It would be necessary first to elect a Senate, whose President would hecome the national President when the present incumbent dies. In the meantime the country might he gev- erned hy a regent—but by what con- stitutional authority?—or by a dic- tator, supported by the Army and Navy. Former Director Pangolas is now in jail, under indictment of trea-. son, having heen grrested within the last fortnight. (Covvriens. 109785 Paul V. Colinad VEMBER 1. 19 NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM | cELIBAT Moore. Boni & Liveright. George Moore writes, not for the public, but for men and women of letters instead. At any rate, this is | what he says, a shade wearily one fancies that so patent a purpose should stand in need of definition. Yet popular editions of Moore have for some time now been coming freely out into the open to the delight of an appreciable part of that negligible commonalty, the public. And. after all, George Moore is made for the commons_to meet and enjoy. Simple and candid, much as children ave, he absorbs himself in facts and ap- pearances, that lie at the root of human life and behavior. Like a child in a garden, he walks among his_observations of men, free from inhibitions as children ave, free from any sense of the proper and the improper—plucking, tasting, holding or letting go as the mood or need of the moment decides, This is the garden of life in which no growth is inconsiderable And as he walks he talks—talks to himself—or so it seems—uninterruptedly back and forth and round about. And as one listens he knows himself to be in the company of experience and In- sight both of which are free and un- afraid. And the way of a man talk- ing is a charm, just his own way. Some one has called George Moore the greatest living stylist. I don't know what that means unless being 100 per cent one's selt constitutes style. Nobody else writes like this man, hardly any one else approaches him in perso attraction as an author. Here is clibate Lives’—no, not what _vou are thinking about, not at all. Five short stories—each a long story—every one having to do with complete frustration, with essential unfulfillment. For instance, the first one, “Wilfrid Holmes"—there are millions of him—is a youth with cer- tain_gifts but with no stability of mind. " Each talent beckons and to each he responds for a while. Fickle, wavering and beset, he passes from one lure to another till time has beaten him out of any stable pursuit, Here, given over to us in body and spirit. is “one of those weak, timid, harmless souls, come out of the mould that Nature reserves for some great purpose known only to herself vhap the preservation of pity mpassion in the world.” And with the other stories of this volume—all embodying living forms of frustration and futility, men and women walking the common levels of existence in a common defeat by forces both within and without them- selves. Projected in the atmosphere of sincerity which is the literary breath of lite to George Moore, “Celi- bate Lives” comes to readers as an exhilaration t not many writers can hope to provide them. * X X ¥ MONDAY TALES. Alphonse Daudet. Little, Brown & Co. Half a hundred of the famous Dau- det short stories, “Monday Tales, crowd into this single volume without any effect of crowding whatever, since each is so compact of substance as to ask no more for standing room than the thickness of three pages or there- about. The captivation of this volume lies in large part in the economy of means that compasses so much of life in so little of space. One is tempted now and then to stop the story in ad- miration of the method. A few sen- tences, a short paragraph at most, and there before one is a man or woman or child, more real than reality, for the reason that, as a rule, human reality is not so very compelling, whereas here critical instants or mo- mentous seeonds step forward embod- ied and vital in some gesture or some deed of arresting quality. History, tancy, caprice, recollections make the substance of these amazing inventio with all of them equally real in thei effect upon the mind of the reader. Many of these tales go back to the bit- ter days of the German victory over France in 1870. The first one has to do with that sad day at school when the old master was leaving the children because word had come from Berlin that henceforth in the schools of Al- sace and Lorraine all instructions thould be given in the German tongue. ‘And your new master will arrive to- morrow.” Just a moment, just a few words of story, but one of the bitter and significant points of the war of 1870 stands clear cut as a flashing dia- mond in the hands of this master of French fiction. From war and its anguish these stories move on. here to personal experiences of a little red partridge in a time of great danger, there to the unhappy fate of a little Creole girl moved up into the cold North away from the warm and gold- en sunlight of her home in the South. So many subjects crowd here in a single volume, each in effect a flawics jewel cut from the unwieldy bulk of common speech, that normal jov in these tales is now and then dimmed in amazement over the sheer actistry of their construction. What a . tudy these would make for—but, ne, that is a po. suggestion. fit ontv for prompt suppression! Rather what de- light meets readers, shut out from the native speech In which “Monday Tales™ were written, in a translation that has held fast to the spirit and to the medium of their transmission inta another tongue. * KK X STEEL AND JADE. Achmed Abdul- lah. George H. Doran Co. Native to a .life as remote from Americans as it is bound to be inter- esting to them, Achmed Abdullah pos- sesses, or has acquired, a way of tale telling that fits exactly into the story pattern of the American mind. Just enough of restraint and withholding where there is clear urge toward exuberance in every direction, coupled with a quite modern, and Western, philosophy of outlook on the part of the narrator, these two elements seem to work in admirable harmony toward the sumptuous effect, and the believ- able effect, of the stories of “Ster| and Jade.” That Achmed Abdullah is grounded in the life that these tales project seems obvious. ‘There is a detail of every aspect of this Oriental existence that produces a gorgeous ensemble; a familiarity with the t dition of race and place that root each event in a past that is well known and adaptable to its present use: there is an intim with the mind of the each action forward in its own native impulse and direction. Then there is the good art of story construction that moves swiftly and certainly to the end set by the heginning of each of these interesting incidents. To tha Western mind the material of the Orient is of uncertain quality—desert. sand, strange lights from earth and sky. warriors on amazing steeds, camel tralns, sudden forays by brigand and plain robber, enchantresses hid- den away behind veils and bars of various sorts. Much of this is wrong. no doubt, but in the main it stands for the sum of common stay-at-home- knowledge on the subject. It is in the blending of these elements that the story stands up or falls down. Read- ing here, one has a sense that the glamour of these tales—and they are packed with glamour—rests on a foundation more secure than the usual foundation for romances of the Hast Beside the clear artistry of these in- ventions as matters of huild and pro- portion and outcome, one likes amaz- ingly the subtle bit of insight that| go along with the mental workings of these Orientals, whether they are found in far Afghanistan or in Peil street of the Kast Side. Vitality of characters and action and effects, this is the outstanding call of these gorgeous tales of the Far East by a writer whose superficial layers at least have been modified by life in the West. George Q. 1< Leon Erroll a native of this| country? Where was he educated’— | M. C. A. Mr. Erroll was born in Sydney, Australia, and started life with the idea of becoming a surgeon. He at. tended the University of Sydney School of Medicine and Surgery. but did not complete the course. Q. When will the bridge over the Hudson River he completed that will :m-nnflm ew York City with New { Jersey?—I1.. K. A. Work has been started. and, ac- feording to the tentative time schedule, the bridge will be open to traffic in Are English sparrows good to T—W. R A. Their flesh is palatable, and, al- though their bodies are small, their numbers make up for their size. In {the Old World they have been served | for centuries. Q. Who invented automatic telep- ony, and where was the first ex- change installed?—H. W. S. A. The fundamental idea of auto- matic telephony was conceived in 1883 by Almon B. Strowger. While the system continues to bear his name, its uccesstul development is chiefly due to the continued efforts of the engi- neering’staff of the Automatic Electric Co., under the leadership of the group of ploneers who took Strowger's idea and gave it practical form. The first public automatic exchange was in- stalled at Laporte, Ind., in 1892. It was a somewhat crude arrangement, and had a_capacity of only 100 sub- scribers. Nevertheless, compared to other types of switchhoards ofe the time, it was a distinct improvement. Q. What Is used to adulterate coffee besides chicory?—G. D. A. Dandelion root, carrots, seeds of the common vellow iris, cercals and sweet potatoes are used. Q. Which country was the first to bury an unknewn soldter?—M. S. A. France was first. Q. Has Kochichi Mikimoto had his | culture pearl process patented”—V. R. A. Seventeen patents have been granted to the Japanese, Kochichi Mikimoto, for details in producing pearls and for hatching and caring for the spat or young pearl oysters. Q. Why is the Book of Revelation called the “Apocalyp! —A. W. H. A. Apocalypse is from the Greek, |and means “I reveal.” The English name is a translation of this. Q. Exactly what are draft evaders? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ). HASK or less loosely. It may include any one of three classes—men who failed to register under the selective service law; ‘men who, though registered, failed to file a questionnaire or report for an examination; men who failed to report for military duty. Men in the last-mentioned class are known as dratt deserters, and may be arrested and tried at any time. Draft evaders are amenable to prosecution and trial within three years of the date Novem- ber 14, 1924, Q. For what {s the degree LL. D. conferred?—E. V. C. A. LL. D. is an honorary degree. When LL. D. is conferred upon a man it indicates that he h: a profound knowledge of the laws of his profes- sion or that department of knowledge in which he is working. LL. D. Is the oldest, highest and most valued uni- versity degree, and is conferred only on such as have made themselves very eminent by their skill, learning and original work. It is seldom conferred hefore the recipient is 50 years of age. LL. D. is usually conferred as an hon- orary degree, but Shurtleff, Chicago |and MecGill propose to confer it upon the completion of required work and examinations in any of the higher de- partment of knowledge. LL. D. is sometimes conferred as a third degree, in line with LL. B. and LL. M., with work In law schools. D. C. L. is more often conferred in this way. Q. How many parts are there In a typewriter?—Z. B. B. A. Various models differ to some extent. One standard make contains 2,500 parts. Q. Does Emil Ludwig enfoy reading history?—N. D. A. The biographer and auoted as saying that he | tory. Q. How many registered nurses are | there in the United States in propor- | tion to the population?—A. L. T. A. In the United States there are slightly less than 23 registered nurses to every 10.000 people. By far the largest supply in any State is found in_New York, where there are about 105 registered nurses to every 10,000 people. Have we had the pleasure of serving you through our Washington Informa- tion bureau? Can’t we be of some help to you in your daily problems? Our business is to furnish you with authoritative information, and e in- vite you to ask us any question of fact in which you are interested. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haski director, Washington, D. C. Inclose§ —A. M. A. The term is ordinarily used more cents in stamps for return postage. In Athens The prospect of a hunt for lost art treasures beneath modern shabbiness on the ancient market place of Athens, financed by millions from an unnamed American, appeals strongly to the imagination of the press. It is assumed that all difficulties in the way of clearing the site eventually will be overcome and that wonderful discoveries await the search to be di- rected by the American School for Classical Studies. Speaking of the great progress made Auring the last 20 years in archeology the New York Herald Tribune say “Illicit digging has been stopped; care- less digging is no_longer possible. Every scientific aid in discovery— photography and measurement in situ; proper care in the excavation; the preservation, removal or protection of the buildings or objects found; the cer- tainty of aceurate and reasonably carly publication—such are the safe- guards for the results that are confl- dently expected by the world from American archeologists.” The thought that $2,500,000 has been given “to be used for digging up 25 acres of the city of Athens” inspires the comment from the Grand Rapids Press that “to the average man that would seem a shocking waste of cur- rent funds. Yet Probabilities are,” adds the Press, “that it will be one of the wisest and greatest invest.nents of our time. In effect, it is a philan- thropy to enriel all humanity, as well as a_sure-thing treasure hunt. For the 23 acres form the old market place of Athens. And back in time when Athens was producing art we still can only copy today temples and libraries, public buildings and statues of mar- velous beauty covered the site. If they are as well preserved under the soil and buildings of the modern city as scholars believe them to be, the find will include the only examples of Greek painting ever brought to light, besides innumerable inscriptions and friezes, statues and carved utensils and vases.” LR “A_half-political interest” is seen by the Brooklyn Daily Fagle in the “re- ported anxiety of Mussolini to take it over if the Americans fail.” and that paper adds: “Italy’s dictator is greatly intrigued by archeology. but, for obvious reasons, Greece is not par- ticularly friendly to Italy.” The Eagle finds it a matter for comment that “Greece 18 jealous of her art treasures and her antiquities,” and cites the fact that “as to sending things to America, she only permits the excavators under the acre concession to send dupli- ‘ates away, or, in effect. such treasures as are like those already in the Royal Museum of Athen; “Temples, libraries and other public edifices full of artistic treasures,” the Hartford Courant explains, “‘were | erected on this site by Grecian and| non-Greeian rulers. For nearly a cen- tury the project to dig there has been agitated. Inaction in the past has| been due, we suspect, partly to fre- quent changes in government and partly to lack of funds. * * . Archeologists in this country, in Eng- land, Germany and France will envy Costly Search for Lost Art Excites Interest in Athens. ® ¢ ¢ Nowadays Athens, with its teeming refugees from Thrace and Asia Minor, has becomé a great modern city, but the old market place is still not irrevocably built upon. ° The new undertaking goes to the foun- tain head and imperishable shrine of art.” * x kX The Reno Evening Gazette. noting that a million dollars will be required to pay present owners of the ground, remarks: “Those who recall old Chi- natown in San Francisco,. with its narrow alleys and its crowded houses. can get some idea of what the site of either the ancient Agora or the Roman one is today, according to recent writ- ers. To clear away such an eyvesore at no expense to itself ought to be cause of gratitude from. the Athenian city government, and it probably is. The possibilities in the enterprize are declared by the Trenton Times to “challenge the imagination of every one who is even superficially familiar with the colorful story of ancient Greece,” and the Times calls “this actual and prospective aid in itself an interesting commentary on the will- ingness of modern man to aid scholars in their patient effort to recover the treasures of the past.” The San Francisco Bulletin specu- lates on the question of the inspira- tion behind the gift, saying. “That the money should have been supplied by an American is intéresting as rais- ing the question whether the donor was moved to this particular gift by reading the various American books on Athens and the Athenians pub- lished in recent years.” “The extent of the time through which the Agora existed and the dif- ferent periods of antiquity through which it passed,” suggests the New York Sun, “may be gathered from the fact that it was occupied at least in 2300 B.C.. that here stands a wall that was built by Themistocles to pro- tect the city from Spartan invasion, that here were erected manry of the structures with which Pericles sought to carry out his ideal of beautifying ancient Athens, and that here are many evidenc of the rule of the Roman conquerors.” PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK Can saints? This may, after all, be the test by which the battle between the Tra- ditionalists and the Modernists must be settled. I find myself at sea between the Scylla of Traditionalism and the Charybdis of Modernism, left cold alike by the unsound affirmations uof the Traditionalist and the sound ne- gations of the Modernist. There is in me, as in men the world wround today, a hunger for a positive faith that will “satisfy the soul of the saint without disgusting the intellect of the scholar.” Though neither a modernist religion produce the American School for Classical Studies, and will be keenly interested | in the progress of the work. “The glory that was Greece,” ob- serves the New York World, “haunts the student in every civilized modern state. Nowhere can more satisfying i results he expected from the liberal expenditure of skill and money than UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today The first battalions of Americans in ! the trenches have been relieved hy ! others, and the movement of the troops was made without the enemy being aware of what was going on Many men of the relieved battalions are suffering from “trench feet" and. with only two clear days while they were in the trenches, it was a tired, dirty. wet, mudcaked body of men that returned to billets, * * <« Navy Department announces that the Amer- ican Army transport Finland was re cently torpedoed while under naval convoy er route to this country. No lives were lost and the transport was able to return to port under its own steam. * * * British First Tord of the Admiralty Sir Eric Geddes, says allies are mastering the U-boats. Have <unk nearly half of these in service, but Germany is now building them faster than ever. * * * Col. Roose velt in stirring speech on patriotism at big political rally in New York, warns of the dangers of pacifism and the negotiation of an inconclusive peace. * * * Russia worn out. United States and allies ‘\ult take up hurden, Kerensky tefls the Associated Press. saint nor a scholar. I.have this hun ger because [ belong to this genera tion and this is the modern relizions hunger. There is something in me that holds me fascinated at a street corner i tening to the exhortations of un illiter ate street preacher, despite mv inner revolt against what seem (o me his inadequate conceptions of dutv an estiny: and at the same fime | drawn irresistibly into the more It camp in religion. But through it all there i< sistent feeling that relizious Ii! has yet to find itself fully And | think the final test will 1 its capacity for hreeding saints witi out hair shirts or hyst U ism, but saints in the garb of the generation Religion has always been apnealine in its saints even when appalling i its syllogisms: its good men have won when its bad arguments lost. Cotter Morrison. noted for his sav age attacks on Christianity, wrote an amazinely understanding life of St Bernard. Paul Sabatier, a French theologian of ultra-liberal tendencies, wrote what 1= perhaps the best life of St. Francie of Assisi. “The saint,” sa; Dean TInge ‘differs from the virtuous man in possessing a strain of heroism, of en- thusiasm and of spontaneity in his moral conduct. * * * It is abso- lutely essential. it the church is to take its proper place in the twentieth century, that some of our saints should be thinkers. and some of our thinkers saints. * * * Is it too much to hope that liberal theology may ha its own distinctive type of saint Till this is settled religious liberals ism will be on probation. - (Copyright. McClure Newsvaper &radiggiod m ralisn ase