Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1927, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. W WASHINGTON, D. C. .March 5, 1827 THEEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor —| The Evening Star Newspaper Company , 11th R, cm.? European i sunday morn- o S S ST o8 Stz months Sely <ol The Fau t by mail or Ber mont ialophonn i Alon 1% made by carrier et end ot ssoh month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. { $4.00: 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. on of Al T8:1an The Associsted 1 excratvely entitind the use m‘l M 11 news nad 10 it not otherwise Tred 1 b A alscs ihe Toeal nawa o Der 0 lehis 'of publication \Spatches herein Are also reserved Pl District Loss by Filibuster. The Senate filibuster cost the Na- tional Capital and its environment more than $40,000,000 in important permanent improvements that were assured of approval had an oppor- tunity been allowed for calling up for final action the several measures in which they were provided. This does not mean. however. that these improvements will be abandoned. but - merely that there will be delay until the new Congress can carry the various measures through—but which will probably mean some increase in cost to both the Federal Treasury and the District taxpayers. Tn addition to the $40,000,000 there are also many minor, routine matters of District business the funds for * which will not be avallable. The District's loss comes prinei- pally under two headings—first. the items in the second deficiency appro- priation bill; and second, authoriza- ‘tions in other measures which were ‘blockaded by the filibuster. The most important matter in this Iatter group is the $25,000,000 for ac- . quiring the privately owned land in the triangle south of Pennsylvania avenue to the Mall, which was held - back because an amendment was made in the House to add another $100,000,000 to the authorization for Post offices all over the country. There 18 no doubt that Congress definitely in- tends to buy the Mall triangle just as soon as the appropriation can made. -So strong was the sentiment in Congress and so strong was the administration’s support of this proj- ect, with Secretary Mellon himself gathering the proposal, that it was be- ing used as a vehicle to haul through the extra $100,000,000 for the rest of the country. Even so, it would have passed it it ever could have been ealled up. In fact, in the closing @rush negotiations were in progress o let this public bullding bill 8UP}iensy and purpasss that followed by | it fhrough, as no one was willing to face the wrath of the country through di- “rect n-nonllullq for the blocking of this ‘measure. Meanwhile, the Treasury officials will proceed with thelr negotiations for the land in the triangle with every oenfidence that the next Congress will expedite the actual appropriation of ported out by the Benate committee Just as the filibuster started. It could have been passed In a few minutes if the Senators who stood with locked horns had been willing to yleld in response to persistent urgings. As it was the House took fore- handed action by adopting motions which authorized the conferees tfo approve the Senate amendments, Chairman Madden of the House ap- propriations committee going even 80 far as to get a special resolution passed, which included three or four of the most important items in an emergency measure which the Sen- ate blockaders refused to let by. The District officials and the insti- tutions and people affected, should realize, however, that relief through urgent deficiency bill will be given by the new Cougress soon after it meets in December. e The Scalping Law Decision. The latest five-four decision of the Supreme Court, which denied the con- stitutionality of the New York law limiting the profit which brokers may make through the sale of theater tickets, has an infinitely broader sig- nificance than its immediate effect. That it was the opinion of the ma- Jority of the court that means other than legislative énactments must be found for controlling the gouging of the public by unscrupulous brokers was, in the final analysis, entirely in- cidental. What the five justices were basically dealing with was the whole question of price-fixing for commodi- ties and services rendered. And there are few more important considerations before this country or any other today. That the court categorized theater tickets among the normal privately owned commodities In which men must traffic under the basic economic laws of supply and demand rather than under artificlally created condi- tions was a matter of no great mo- ment one way or the other. That it reaffirmed the fact that the Constitu- tion under which this Government ex- ists prohibits tampering with the axioms of economy, is of broad and happy significance. For in this day and age of visionary and hazardous experimentation with those axioms, we and the world at large have need of such reassurance. The ruling of the court gives such assurance. It asserts that while there are specific types of corporative en- terprise which must, bécause of their relationship to national commerce or public utility, be regulated by the Government, save in circumstances of national emergency private enterprise in general must be con- ducted under natural rather than artificial law. It holds in effect that there is no more reason for regulating the prices charged by ticket brokers than for regulating the prices charged by retall butchers or grocers, tailors, automobilé manufacturers, landlords of popeorn venders. It denies that any such regulation is possible under the American Constitution in normal periods. “ The logic of the court is to all in- President Coolidge in his veto of the McNary-Haugen farm bill: - The New York™ antiscalping law was a price- fixing measure undér which a down- ward level of prices for a given com- modity was effected. The MoNary- Haugen blll was a price-fixing meas- ure under which an upward level of prices for given commodities would THE EVENING cause morbidness, sensitiveness and fll-balance in minds that should be healthy and free from any thought but that associated with the glory of accomplishment and living. In some cases, of course, it may be that too much concentration on study disturbs the sénse of proper proportion, or that other problems totally separated from the age of “jaszima” may be the cause of sul eide. With the lst mounting daily. however, it behooves both parents and educators to watch closely the trend of the times and to curb in their in- ciplency evils that threaten the young manhood and young womanhood of the country B A New Line. The burglary profession is broaden- ing ite mcope. It used to be that Jewels. silks and furs comprised the mAIN items for robbery purposes, but the peolice recovery of four hundred and fifty cartons of aspirin from a total of more than twelve hundyed boxes which were stolen throws & new light on the expansion of the under- world endeavors. Ten men are held by the New York authorities for the theft. It may not be at all seemly t6 make light of a robbery of such magnitude, but the character of this new line added to the thieves' repertoire can- not but invoke conjecture. What, for instance, would ten men, if that 1s all who were in the band, do with nearly ten milifon tablets of aspirin? ! Have they been bootlegging on the ide and as a premium furnishing a few aspirin tablets for the morning after? Or do they drink their own Atuff and figure that each one of them will need & million tablets” Asplrin i undoubtedly an effective remedy for the non compos mentis feeling the day after, but the condi- tion of the men themselves or thelr customers must have been terrible to demand a supply of ten million tab- lets. Of course, there might be other s of disposing of this huge “con- slgnment,” such as “fences” and shady drug stores, but, any way you look at it, it appears that the risk is too great and the return too small to steal aspirin for any other purposes than for dire personal necessity. There. fore, the loss to the thieves in the po- lice recovery of the loot can be appre- ciated, e et European workmen have won in- creases of annual vacation on pay. This may promote agreeable condi- tions, although a really good workman is never 80 happy as when congenially engaged in his work. ———— o, The present period is one of re- Adjustment. An assassination rumor has the same effect in the plan for world harnmony that statle has in radio. e Housewives in Detroit have decided to boycott “Kosher” meat becausé the price is too high. The situation repre. sents another boost for the vegeta- rians. A paradoxical self in the United States Senate, whose members, apparently, have unanimously agreed to disagree. ———— An income tax return must be filed. It has become a duty of oitizenship.to cultivate a taste for arithmetlc and learn to write a small hand. —————t— A lame duck is always the bene. the money at the earliest possible date. |, o poen effected had it become a|fCIRKY of a considerable amount of The separate bill authorising -$7,300,000 for a site and erection of a ~mew House Office Building, which re- “quired no Budget review, and on .:which the Senate, out of courtesy and conviction of the real need, in- tended promptly to place its approval, was also caught in the ; oIn the. closing - “deal” it was . suggested that this be added as an amendinent to. the general public Rutlding bill carrying the $25,000,000 for the Mall triangle. ' The national arboretum bill author- ed another $300,000, which would have been added to the second de- ficlency bill if that measure had scome up. _» Two measures for the abolition of “'grade crossings in the District—one “suthorizing $325,000 for the Michigan avenue crossing and the other author- ising $405,000 for the three other grade arossings—were favorably acted upon in House and Senate, but the author- <iged appropriations could mnot be " worked through. H In the second deficiency appropria- | don bill were such items as these: For #ix projects of new Federal buildings . im Washington, $2.275.000; for Quan- “tloo bulldings, $1,650,000; for Walter Reed Hospital buildings, $950,000; for .aoguiring the site for the new Botanic Garden, $820,000; for new nurses’ home for Columbia Hospital, $350,000; “for continuing buildings, Camp Meade, £$00,000; to acquire site and erect #thool: building to replace Bell School, ‘Which must be razed to make way for the new Botanic Garden, $225,000; new nurses’ home for Freedmen's Hospital, $165,000; for power plant at Freedmen’s Hospital, 852,000 for com- pleting the Tomb of the Unknown Dead in Arlington Cemetery, $50,000; for restoring the Lee Mansion, $10,000; for & wharf at Jamestown to provide | -mccbss:-to the monument, $15,000: en- “larging the brick plant at Occoquan, | $18:000; and equipment for the new | ‘wing of the District Jail, $18,000, { Other Distriot iteme included funds for payment of relief to police and firemen, $183.000: additional amounts for. jury service in the vartous -opurts, care of fesble-minded, refunds . ‘for taxes erroneously collected, cost |asked in every oity which has un.| of changing street layout to relleve congestion near the base ball park; for the Board of Public Welfars, in. cluding Jail maintenance, $48,600; for- support of the District insane 1n-8t. Elisabeth’'s Hospital, $260,000; {6¢ payment of annuities to school toachers, $26,000: for changes in the “Dlstrict Courthouse, $3,800, and for renewing elevators in Columbia Hos- pital, $14,000. It 1s extremely regrettable that 2441itional cost should be saddled on the Distriot taxpayers because of the feflure of the Senate to pass these Bifls, especially the second deficiency appropriation bill. after it had heen passed by the House and was re- law. The principle in each instance 18 the same. And it is a principle for- bidden by the Constitution of the United States. Even an evil must be temporarily endured to sustain the structure upon which this Nation has attained its present-day felicity. The gouging of the public by unscrupulous ticket scalpers in New York and elsewhere is such an evil on a minor scale. The predicament of certain agricultural interests of the country in resent years is such an evil on a major scale. But both of these evils are as surely susceptible of correction under the proved laws of economics as that there are such laws. And no group interest or political expediency should, even in the laudable search for a much-to-be-desired consumma- tion, be permitted to jeopardize those American fundamentals in which the general public interest is so vitally involved. e Youthfal Buicides. For the first time in the history of the local schools a sulcide has taken place In the corridors in one of the buildings. The National Capital has thus made its contribution to the epi- demic of self-kiliings among boys and girls of school age which has swept the Nation with a toll of more than twenty lives. The suicide yesterday was apparently without reason, as the sixteen-year-old boy was in good stand- ing in his studies and his home life was sald to be harmonious. He killed himself in front of a fellow student with an old and rusty pistol which had been taken surreptitiously from his brother’s bureau drawer. The best minds of the country are puzzling over the successive tragic epl- sodes which during the past month or #o have incréased with astonishing rapidity. What is causing these young boys and girle to prefer death to life” . What #o preys on their minds that they aré ‘driven into the temporary insanity necessary to self-destruction? | These are the questions that are being willingly contributed its quota to the rapidly growing total. ! However widely divergent are the | various views expressed on the prob- | lem, there appears to be a general agreement on one phase, and that is that the present fast pace of civiliza- tion tends to accelerate the growing- up process of youth and to mature the mind more quickly. The youth of today, in too many instances, is sophisticated beyond his years. The boy of school age apes the man and the girl apes the woman, both at the same time having access to types of reading matter that are demoralizing to vouth as well s to adulte. Automo biles and bootleg liquor, night clu flapperism” _and lack of spiritual guidance undoubtedly do their part to Ppublicity calculated to commend him to private employment. . Edison thinks & man can do with a very little sleep. He would have made a great United States Senator during a filibuster, ——e 00, Too many young men are commit- ting suicide. Education should teach men.to face the future and not tempt them to evade it. oo SHOOTING STARS, BY PHILANDER JOMNSON Trouble Enough. We think we may talk with plapets some day And hear their political stuff. To Mars and the rest we would patiently say, Oh, Friend, we have trouble enough While possibly Venus Is bobbing her hair And Jupiter's manner grows rough, Why should we add matters like these to our care? Oh, Friend, we have trouble enough! Unfinished Busines: “I am amaged at the amount of unfinished business,” said the col- league. “So'm 1" answered Senator Sor- ghum. “A lot of it ought to have been unetarted business in the first place.” On With the Dance! A popular song has a kick Which is only a physical trick. The tune—you may possibly chance it. The question remains, “Can you dance e the Jud Tunkins says the man who plays the ukulele is a musictan who shows the superiority of skill againsi size. The man who plays the bass fiadle hasn’t a chance against him. Tantalization “There is moonshine licker in this vicinity?" said the prohibition agent. “I'm goin' to move, answered Uncle Bill Bottletop. “It's the most tantalizin’ neighborhood 1 ever lived in.” Heaith Culture, My morning exercise I take. I am all suddenly awake. At 7 I perform; and then T am inclined to sleep till 10. “If a man was descended fum a monkey,” sald Uncle Eben, “tain’ no disgrace. Mebbe a grand piano was descended f'vm a band organ.” Broadening the Ban. From the Boston Transuript. President Coolldge has signed the bill to forbid the sending of pisiols through the mails. It & a meri torions measure long needed. Now what is to be done about the indis criminate sale of machine guns in this land of fr A situation - presents 1 STAR, WASHINGTON. D. BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Introductory chapters to the last three books of Henry Fielding's “Tom Jones” are written in a more serious vein than characterizes the previous 15 _prefaces. Prologues. suspense and a farewell to the reader are the themes of these preliminary chapters to the six- teenth, seventeenth and elghteenth books of this extremely long novel. In the first of these, Fielding cori- fesses that his plan for prefaces to each book is at last becoming some- what irkeome to himaelf, as he no doubt imagines it has become to his reader long ago. (There may be some readers of this column who feel | the same way about it!) * . “l bave heard of a dramatic writer,” says Flelding, “who used to | say he 1d rather write a play than a prologue. In like manner, I think, I can with less pains write one of the hooks of this history than the | brefatory chapters to each of them.” Play prologues, he says, seem all written on three topfes—viz., an abuse of the taste of the town, a con- demnation of all cotemporary au- thors and a euloglum on the per- formance just about to be given. He imagines that some future his- torian of private manners will “be- stow some good wishes on his mem- ory,” a statement which can only be taken {ronically. The best point about his prologues, he declares, lies in the fact that they give the critics something to jump him about. He doesn’t say it exactly | that way, but that is what he means. Indolent readers, too., he says, will | find_the introductory chapter plan a good one, for it allows them to begin { each book at the fourth or fifth page | instead of at the first! ‘A matter by no means of trivial consequence to persons who read books with no other view tham to say they have read them.” he adds, “a more general motive to reuding than is commonly imagined.” * ook % The preliminary chapter to the seventeenth book is the only one in which Fielding uses his opportunity to add to the suspense of the reade fitting outside his story, as it were, in these chapters, he had excellent op- portunity, had he choke, to further the plot by careful references to his characters. A slight doubt on his part, and so expressed, would have assumed huge proportions in the reader’s mind, Personally, we believe that ield- iNg was too consummate an artist to ! make any such use of his preliminary chapters, Only once—in the chapter now under consideration——did he de- scend to this method. Had he used it throughout the i story, in the 18 opening chapters, he | would perhaps have hopelessly con- i fused his readers and deprived them of the opportunity, which {8 now theirs, of omitting thews prefatory writings without prejudice to the con- tinuity of the tale. In this particular chapter, Fielding mentions for the first and only time | the fate of his characters. “To bring our favorites out of their present anguish and distress, and to land them at last on the shore of happi ness, seems a task so hard that we do not undertake to execute ft."” As to “poor Jones,” he says, such are the calamities in which he is at present involved, owing to his prudence, “that we almost despair of American Press The British t! t to abrogate trade agreements with Russia and possibly to sever dl}flomfle relations unless violations of treaty pledges by the Soviet government cease meets with sympathetic support from the United States. It is widely asserted that only treachery can be expected from the present government In Russia, and satisfaction 1s expressed that this country has refused to compromise with the Communists abroad. “‘Any advantages procured for Brit- ish trade through recognition have falled, it seems, to compensate Great Britain for the nulsance of Communist blotting,” observes the Chicago Trib- une. “Our own situation is different from that of Great Britain in some degree. Our interests in Asia are less important and our internal corditions are more stable. On the other hand, We are not in pressing need of Russian trade, and we can well afford to adopt & course of action based upon. con- sistency, sincerity and respect for our own conceptions of international right.” i i “A lot of idle talk comes from Rus #lan officials,” says the Lynchburg Advance, “about their willingness to discuss the grievances this Nation has against Russia, and there are some prominent Americans who want the two countries to resume friendly rela- | tions, but England has found that the renewal of diplomatic. relations with the Bolsheviki has meant an Incre: in Red propaganda in the nation. And no doubt America wouid have th same experience once relations were resumed with the Boviet: The Manchester Union holds that “an evident moral of the situation is that the United States can be well con- tent with the policy it has consistently pursued in the case of Russia. Those who try to come to relations with the Bolsheviks,” continues that “get very little out of the e except disillusion. Just so long as the dominant philosophy of Moscow de- mands hostility to all other forms of government, other nations can count upon the continued meddling in their affairs by emissaries of the rule of the | proletariat * ok x ok | “'British pride has heen cut to the { quick,’ " quotes the Lincoln State Jou | nal, “by the evidence that Russia has fomented hostility to the English in China, causing them to be pointed out as the chief enemies of the Chinese. * * ¢ In taking this grave tone the overnment will apparently be sup- by public opinfon.” e State also quotes John Maynard sted Liberal econ- | reat Britain,” to the effect |that “the fault of ‘doctrinaire woci li#m’ I¢ that it misses the significance f what is actually happening, becanse it is. in fact, little better than a dust Al of a plan to meet the prob- {1eme of 50 years ago, based on a mis- { understanding of what some one said a hundred years ago. On the other hand, taking up the j question of the situati | Springfield Republican remarks: { Bolshevik complex 18 one of the most |dangerous from which a statesman {can suffer, and the sooner Great Brit- !ain abandons the idea that but for ! Ruseia all would go well in China, |the easier it will be to effect the | necessary readjustments. It is fair to | 8ir Austen Chamberlain to assume that he would have written a better note if he had ed the fantastic beliets of his colleagues who were de- manding action and had to be put off with™ words.” e * % % ® “Governments hich cannot stand the effect of Russian propaganda must be on their last legs.” remarks the Loutsville Timee. “That of Britain is hardly one of them. But governments, trade-baited, which expeéct Russan Pede to keep neomices to he good and which eae red lecause have themeelves to blame for their predicament if it be due to thelr hav ing heen tempted by self-interest to m in China. the | The | ede talk red | om for the gunmen” ' belteve ducks under plodge will not | less Mr him to any roed It the reader, he continues, delights in seeing executions, “I think he ought not to lose any time In taking a first row at Tyburn.” Jones will get no supernatural aid from him, Fielding res us. “If he doth not, therefore, find some nat- | ural means of fairly extricating him- self from all his distress, we will do no violence to the truth and dignity of history for his sake: for we had rather relate that he was hanged at yburn (which may very probably be the case) than forfeit our integrity or shock the faith of our reader.” * kK W ‘A IFarewell to the Reader' is the {title of the last introductory writing, | that to Book 18, and last of “The His- | tory of Tom Jones, a Foundling.” | “We are now, reader, arrived at | the last stage of our long journey. As | we have, therefore, traveled together { through so many pages, let us behave to one another like fellow passengers in a stage coach, who have passed several days in the company of each other; and who, notwithstanding any bickerings or little animosities which may have occurred on the road, gen- erally make all up at last, and mount, for the last time, into their vehicle with cheerfulness and good humor; since after this one stage, it may pos- 8ibly happen to us, as it commonly happens to them, never to meet more.” Now. it is well known, he continues, that all jokes and rafllery are at this time laid aside: “whatever characters {any of the passengers have for the | jest-sake personated on the road are now thrown off, and the conv - rsation | is usuaily plain and serfous. x ok k% | bringt: | | “And now. my friend.” says Henry Fielding, novelist, to vou, his reader, “I take this opportunity (as I shad have no other) of heartily wishing thee well. “If I have been an entertaining companion to thee, I promise thee it is what I have desired. “If in anything I have offended, it was really without any intention. “Some things, here said, may have hit thee or thy friends; but I do most solemnly declare that they were not pointed at thee or them. “T quetion not but thou hast been told, among other stories of me, that thou wast to travel with a very scur- | rileus fellow; but whoever told thee 0 did me an injury. & “No man detests and despises scur- rility more than myself; nor hath any man more reason; for none hath ever been treated with more; and what is a very severe fate, I have had some of the abusive writings of those very | men fathered upon me, who, in other of their works, have abused me them- selves with the utmost virulence. “All these works, however, I am well convinced, will be dead long be- fore this page shall offer itself to thy perusal; for however short the period may be of my own performances, they will most probably outlive thelr own infirm author, and the weakly produc- tions of his abusive contemporaries.” 8o we have ended, In what seems to us a noble strain, a great story—great despite its faults. The prophecy made by Fielding has been more than ful- filled; the petty critics of his day are long forgotten, while “Tom Jones” lives on, to be found in every book store, and to be a favorite everywheras of and women of discrimination, Sees Justice ‘in Britain’s Thrust at Soviet | 80 to water.” The Portland Ev Express adds the comment: "llt‘::;; to see from the British experience what can be expected of them. It's not safe to dally with them, and ex- aggerating their work in America can :fil;;‘mlseg‘:h;:l it reveals their true bl tter to be safe than * K % “Experience has apparently con- vinced the British,” states the Detroit Free Press, “that the crimson bear that they see rampaging in their back vard in India and China is always the same beast of prey, whether it appears in the gulse of ‘a diplomatic envoy ostenstbly sent by the Soviet foreizn office or sneaks in as an agent of Ve political bureau of the Third Interna- tional. And they are after the beast, not its disguises.” The St. Joseph News-Press avers that “the same prop- aganda is being conducted in the United States, but very much under cover, and with no su¢h facilities for operation as recognition of the Soviet government would afford. In his ad- vooacy of such recognition Senator Borah has emphasized its commercial value. It is noteworthy in this con- nection that the Anglo-Russian trade has dwindled steadily since Ramsay MacDonald made his tragic error.” * r[ln‘gl:l truth that vlels In China was fomented from Moscow” and that “the Cantonese army It led and trained by Russtan om«::: t ehwnfinown Daily Times e only reason why United States has not been omm)elll:: to send a similar note to Russia in because Seoretary Hughes in 1923 out- lined his reasons why we should not enter into relations with Russia. He said that when Russia was ready to restore conflscated property, repeal the decrees repudiating Russia’s obli- gatlons to this country and cease its propaganda to overthrow institutions in this country, then it would be time to talk about restoring relations.” “With all their own vast country and population to work upon and d. velop to a Heaven upon earth,” say: the Utica Observer-Dispatch. ‘T Soviets have not been content. Their Bolshevist inclinations have sent them everywhere, bent upon mischief and recognizing no rights on the part of other countriés to protect themselves and their institutions against danger of revolutionary upheavals and the serious overturn of long-established and well regarded principles.” 2 Bt Tariff and the Farmer. From the Topeka (Kans.) Capital. Representative Newton of Minna- apolis, opposing, the McNary-Haugen bill In the debate in the House last week, is one Westeru statesman who seems - to think the farmer has no Government interest coming to him. “The farmer,” says Mr. Newton, “is fully protected by the tariff.” But a good many farmers will wonder what {in and what against. ool RO -~ o i 5, More Fuel on the Fire. From the Louisville Courier-Journal. Representatives Kincheloe, who would not be for any of these bills if his part® were in power %o that the whole economia structure could be re. Adjusted, probably feels like a specta- tor at a fire where people are stand. ing about wringing their hands and crying, “Why don't you do some- things?” Voting for the McNary-Hau- gen bill is doing something—It is put. | ting more tuel on the fire ——— Outrunning the Train. From the Boston Herald. A sensible modernist is merely an engine that has outrun it train. A Breath Between Editions. From the New York Herald Cribune. hings will be pretty quiet now, un- Browning gets marvied sqain. “the present C., SATURDAY, MARCH_§ 1927. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover. o eidon "ot ‘e newapapera & av r of the n maze of rival partles and generals, of military movements and counter- movements, of student uprisings Iabor strikes, mob riots and rumors of Bolshevism. One fact at .least seems clear amid all the turmoil, namely, that the Chinese of all par- ties wish to be free from foreign in- terference. An orderly presentation of the chief events in the history of China during the past 15 years, which is most helpful to an understanding of the events of 1927, 1s to be found in Part 111 of Gowen & Hall's “Out- line History of China.” The whole hook Is Interesting and very con densed, but many who would not especially care to peruse the history of the Hsla, Chou, Ch'in, Han, T'ang, Sung and Mongol dynasties, or even that of the great Manchu age, will welcome a olear account of the repub- ican era in 1n: lln the chapter, “Events Leading to the Revolution,” the authors discuss the Boxer uprising, the organization of the Chinese students, especially in the Canton region; the rise of Sun Yat-sen, the part played by women in the republican movement, the decline of the mandarinate, the growth in wer of the press, the death of the mpress Dowager T'zu Hsl, the dis- missal of Yuan Shih-k'ai from all offices, the leur-gowerfmup foreign loan and the outbreak of the revolu- PR tion. With the beginning of the revolu- tion Yuan Shih-k'al was recalled by the Peking government to take com- mand of the forces agalnst the revo- lutionists. On October 28, 1911, a re. public was proclaimed at Wuch'ang, and L1 Yuan-hung was elected Presi- dent. On November 3 a second re- public was inaugurated at Shanghai, Cn November 1 the throne at Peking, in a last effort to save its power, had promulgated a constitutional govern- ment, with Yuan Shih-k'at as pre- mier. Almost immediately the astute diplomat, Wu T'ing-fang, well known in foreign countries, took charge of the republic at Shanghai. On Christ- mas eve, 1911, Sun Yat-sen arrived at Shanghal from America ard was of- fered by Wu the presidency of all China. He accepted, formed a gov- ernment and asked diplomatic recog- nition from the powers. A union was effected with the Wuch'ang republic, and then overtures were made to Yuan at Peking, which resulted in the abdication of the Manchus and the retirement of Sun in favor of Yuan as President of a united re- public. A practical dictatorship of Yuan Shih-k’ai lasted until his death in 1916, just as he planned to be crowned Emperor. During the su premacy of Yuan, the nationalistic movement, or Kuomintang had gained headway. It was strengthened by Jap- anese and other forelgn activities in China_during the World War. The last two chapters of Part III of the “Outline History of China" are en- titled “The Era of Military Adventur- ing" and “Toward the End of Foreign Prerogative,” They bring China’s rev- ‘;luuonnry history down to September, * koA % Turning aside from political and so- clological China, from revolutions and rival generals, from strikes and ban. aitry, S8amuel Morrill writes a book on some of the fundamental and un- changing things of China, the things of beauty. ‘“Lanterns, Junks and Jade” is an antidote to the daily news accounts of riots, executions, barri- cades and bombardments in the neigh- borhood of Shanghai. It is a book to bring pleasant memories to one who has visited* China and to make one who has not experienced its charm re. solve to travel there as soon as these troubled times are past. There is an excellent description of the ' exotic Summer Palacé, retreat of the enig- matic Emprefs Dowager T'zu Hsi, who rose from the common people to be- come secondary wife 6f the Emperor and finally regent. Its rooms filled with treasures of porcelain, bronze, ivory, paintings, carvings and em- broidery and its elaborate gardens and artificial lake have been often de- scribed, but not often with such a com- bination of appreciation and humor as in Mr. Morrill's book. ok ow % The attitude of an older child in a family toward a new baby, which monopolizes all the mother's attention and interferes at every turn with es- tablished family routine, is suggested retrospectively by Sherwood Anderson in “Tar; a Midwest Childhood.” The child Tar was 5 vears old and there was a new baby "always lying in a erib.’” It was called Will and, when she was at home, was always in the mother's arms. What a little pest! And to have a name, too—a boy's name! * * ¢ On Saturday nights, sometimes, Tar was permitted to go with his mother down into town. They could not start until the lights were lit. First of all the dishes had to be washed, Margaret helping, and then the baby had to be put to sleep. What a fuss he made, the little wretch! Now, when he might so well have in- gratiated himself with his brother by being reasonable, he cried and cried. First Margaret had to hold him and then Tar's mother had to take her turn. It was fun for Margaret. She could pretend she was a woman and girls liked that. When there were no bables around they made them out of rags. They talked and scolded and cooed and held the things in their arms. Tar was already dressed and so was his mother. The best part of going to town was the feeling of be- ing aloneé with her. Nowadays that so seldom happened. The baby was spofl- ing everything. Pretty soon it.would be too late to go, the stores would be closed. Tar moved restlessly about the front yard, wanting to cry. 1If he did he would have to stay at home. He had to appear at ease, say noth- ing.” Who does not sympathize with little Tar, standing there in the front | yard, suppressing his tears, fearing that the stores will close before he and his mother get down town, and all because of :hn'[ l:or;kl baby? We Americans are treated rather roughly, as a nation of Babbitts, by an Englishman, C. E. M. Joad, in his ““The Babbitt Warren."" Bome us have been in the habit of think- ing that Babbitts were not confined to the United States, but had numerous | “warrens” in.most countries of the world. Mr. Joad does find some Bab- bittry (or Babbittism) in England, but thinks England caught the disease from America. ‘“America leads the pack, and If we want to kriow whether the pack is heading for heaven. or hell we shall be well advised to ex- amine the direction taken by the leader.” Americans are ridiculed as { movie mad, crazed over the dangers of evolution, insisting on a hi rate for militaristic’ purposds, invet- erate sight-seers, slaves to industrial- ism and many other things. But Mr. Joad frequently shows insufficient in. formation about the facts he tries to cite. He is nefther as well informed about America nor as delightful a writer as Lytton Strachey, Hugh Wal- pole, Philip Gibbs and many another whom we coul:l ‘mention. “Stories in Stone” is as readable a geological history of the world as its title suggests. It is by Willls T. Lee and is in_the Library of A Modern Sclences. The author says that the Grand Canyon is the best of laboratory specimens for the study of geology, because the Colorado River has there cut_through so many strata that the geological periods from the most mod- ern back to the most anclent are there | opened up like a text book. In the style of a story he tells of the ap pearance 4of the earth and of the characterfstic flora and fauna during each perfgd, . . oo “ beginning in 1911. | Q._Who sets the styles for shoes?— C. W. A. Shoe styles are made by the co- operation of the color association, textile association, last manufactu ers, pattern manufacturers, hoe manufacturers and shoe retailers. Q. How many people visit Monte Carlo yearly and what is the annual profit?>—D. N. A. The yearly average of visitors to Monte Carlo is over 1,600,000. The profits in 1924 exceeded 60,000,000 francs. Q. When was law passed?—A. S. A. The first income tax law was passed in February, 1895. Howeve: this was declar unconstitutional. The Federal income tax was first made effective in 1913 Q. How many miles of railroad were gw;; in the United States in 18607—J. e | the first income tax 8. A. There were 30,635 miles of rail road, divided into sections as follows: Northeast section, 3,660 miles; Middle section, 6,706 miles; Weatern section, 11,064 miles; Southern section, 9,182 miles; Pacific section, 23 miles. Q. Did Lieut. Maughan make the cross-continental flight between sun- rise and sundown’—L. R. H. A. Lieut. Russell L. Maughan, Army Alr Corps pilot, left Mitchel Field, Long Island, N. Y. just be- fore dawn on June 23, 1924, to fly across the continent to San Fran- cisco, Calif., with the expectation of arriving there just before sundown. | Lieut. Maughan made the flight in |21 hours 48% minutes. He suffered {a number of handicaps on the flight which delayed him so that he did not arrive until 9:41 Pacific time plane piloted by Lieut. Maugh: the Curtiss pursuit ship, pe with a Curtiss D-12 engline, which is capable of attaining an average #peed of 160 miles an hour. It was on the assumption that the plane could average this rate of speed that Lieut. Maughan calculated on mak- ing his transcontinental flight be- tween sunrise and sunset. Q. How is the moldy bread added to Roquefort cheese?—G. M. A. The bread used is made of the finest wheat or of Winter barley, leave with a large quantity of brewer's yeast, kneaded and thor- oughly baked. The crust is removed after standing a day and the crumb is pounded in a mortar and put away in a damp place until it is covered with mold. When it is ripe enough the HRew cheeses are thoroughly rubbed with the moldy bread. and layers of it are put between the lay- ers of curd. After several days' pressing the cheeses are wrapped in | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. vaults where they are stored, rubbed with salt, scraped, etc.. so as to enable the mold to run through them. Q. 1 have often seen the expression “Forlorn Hope" assoclated with bet tles. What does it mean?—C. A. C. A. “Forlorn Hope” is primarily a military detachment, commissioned or voluntary, for some especially dan- gerous or desperate service. The term thus has come to be employed for any enterprise having little pros pect of success. Q. At what distance may icebergs be sighted?—W. H. K. A. These may be sighted at vari ous distances, depending upon the state of visibllity, height of berg and of observer. Qn very clear days a w’'s nest lookout may see one at . to 15 miles, and they have been picked up at a maximum distance of 18 to 20 miles by a masthead lookout In a light fog or drizzling rain an fceberg is visible from 1 to 3 miles. In a dense fog a berg cannot be seen more than a hundred yards ahead of a ship. - Q. Was there such a thing as prop aganda in connection with the Amer- ican Revolution?—W. N. T. A. It is probable that there has been what we now know as propa- ganda in connection with every im- portant movement in human history. As to the American Revolution, for example, Thomas Pame {s said to have made it his boast that he brought about the Revolution by his pamphlet, “Common Sense.” Q. What flowers when dried are suitable to decorate serving tray -~ A. The Bureau of Plant Industry says that straw flowers are. used almost exclusively for decorating serving trays, as they coms in dif- ferent colors, white, Ted, blue and yellow. . Why were West Virginlans called “Sang-diggers”?—J. A. C. A. This came from one of the most common occupations of ploneer du:—»thn of digging ginseng for trade. You want to know something. You wish to be positive bpfore yow go ahead. Well, The Evening Star will tell yow what to know. give you assurance before yom. proceed. Owr Washington Burceu can enswer any uestion of fact propounded it ?Iere is the university of information —a great free educational institution estadlished solely to serve you. .Send in your question and get the Mght answer. Inclose 2 cents in stamps to cover the return postage. Address The Evening S8tar Information Bureau. Frederic_J. Haskin, director, Wash- linen and dried and sent to dairy One of the new laws passed by the late Congress suggests that the sur- plus crop which the McNary-Haugen bill was intended to dump upon the markets of the world, through Gov- ernment control, has come back.to haunt the farmers through the alleged nefarfous practice of commission mer- chants. Tt is charged that they con- spire to dump fruit and vegetable sur- pluses into waste, in order to keep up prices through lessening general supplies. Such a story has been ex- tant for many years, even since the days when Egypt had seven ‘bumper' crops. It would be important, if true. The new law provides that, begin- ning next July 1, any person, firm or association which receives fruits, vegetables, dairy or poultry, and “who, without good and sufficlent cause therefor, shall destroy or abandon or Qump the said produce, shall be fined not more than $3,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. The act provides for“official inspec- tion of all shipments which the re- ceiver wants to dump, under the supervision of the agents of the De- partment of Agriculture. The premises, however, are con- tradicted by the officials of the de- partment, who state that they have investigated many such complaints, but have never discovered any case showing wanton dumping by receiv- ers of farm shipments. Perishable fruits and vegetables have been dumped. when found in unmarketable condition, but it is manifestly to the interest of commission dealers to maintain volume of their business, for their profits are based on quantity sold, and there is no possible way in which they could combine to destroy sufficlent of their fruits or other ship- ments to bull market prices enough to offset their direct losses by de- struction of their stock in trade. The unsustained claim is made, however, that they have passed the loss over to the shipper. alleging bad condition. * ok ok | ‘How then does it happen that even while producers receive no profits but serfous losses on their products, the retafl prices in cities are maintained 8o that middlemen get full profits on handling the vegetables and fruits, ete.? | An example stated by a Department | of Agriculture official, of his own | observation, in Washington: Last year | tomatoes were overabundant. Pro. | ducers received in the early part of| the season $1 a box—350 pounds. Then the -price fell even down to 35 cents a box. while the local tall stores still charged consumers 15 pound for what had cost them two-| thirds of a cent a pound. | The dealer explained that he could | not reduce his retafl price because “it would then be too hard to raise it | again if costs Increased.” Another instance: A business man in Washington, not connected with marketing, owns an orchard in| Washington State, which, last season, produced some six carloads of fine apples. He found that to box and ship those apples to the National Capital ‘would cost him $1.45 a box, aside from cost of production, but he had confidence that here would be a better market than the Pacific Coast afforded, so he shipped the apples here and set out to find an outlet for | them. The best price he could get from a jobber was $1.50 a box. He sold instead of renting a stand to retail the apples directly. Next morn- ing he saw hix apples display al $2.50 wholesale, and the prospect ap- peared that the consumer would pay at the rate of $3.50 or more for what the produc had netted 5 cents bushel. Yet there has been no con- spiracy to dump apples. The new law will not relieve the! alleged conspiracy which the depart. | ment declares does not exist. The act | is not to go into effect until next | July 1, and not then unless a special | sessfon of Congress makes an ap- propriation for its enforcement, in view of the filibuster which prevented the passage of "the deficlency ap- propriations. P | There is a more scientific solution of all such problems than legislation promises, and that is improved meth- ods of efficiency in preserving or uti- | lising surpluses of fruits and other farm products. Chemistry must solve the problems, as it has aiready solved many practical problems in life. Chemists connected with the famous laboratories of the Drs. Mayo at Rochester, Minn., hav st an- nounced that the smoke from one ton of straw contains chemicals worth $260. Yet eéver since the boundles wmgton, D. C. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. nights of the prairies, as the only means for getting rid of the ‘“useless incumbrance” of straw, before the season for sowing another crop. It is a trite suggestion to make to farmers that before overproducing crops they should plan, by co-opera- tion, how to market them, without putting themseives at the mercy of middlemen. While that proposal seems practical business sense, it does not answer the whole problem of sell- ing bumper crops, which by no farmer or farm association can be foreseen. The selling of a surplus is more costly to the salesman—whether migd- dleman or agent of co-operative pro- ducers—than the Selling of a short crop. > ok % What does an efficient manufacturer do, In the management of his factory? Does he stimulate production without relation to the selling outlet or to the possibility of storing his surplus until demand reachce it? The department experts point out that the solution of the farm dilemma must be met ex- actly as the manufacturer meets the same problem in his factory, and that the farmers who ignore the means of preserving their surpluses of able products, so as to dole them out according _to market demands, are blind to efficiency. Orderly marketing, they say, instead of being up to the Government, is a part of farming and a most important phase which must be reached through partnership be- tween practical farming and chemical research. In no part of the world has canning proved so efficient as in America, yet it can be further developed. Cold storage serves for part of the sur- pluses. Desiccation of eggs. as well as refrigeration, helps to equalize sup- plies, at least for bakers. Desiccation may be further developed, With the apple surplus this year, the manufacture of cider. vinegsr, canned apple sauce and apple butter offers outlets for what cannot be sold as fresh fruit, ‘The greatest relief of any surplus is to discover means of stimulating adverti: is advertising, but not edu cative creating new desires. * ok AW In a speech in the House of Repre sentatives, Mr. Cyrenus Cole, from lowa, discussed the part chemistry is now playing in agriculture. He point- ed out that -the protection given against foreign ‘competition, first war and then by the. McCumber-For ney tariff law, had stimulated h which had worked wonders in farm economies, through organic ¢hemiftry. Quoting an article by Dr. lliam J. Hale of the Natlonal Research Council it is stated: It may not be generally known that the total annual output of all our iron and steel plants is scarcely one-fourth in value compared with that of our manufactured food prod- ucts, which, exclusive of all farm sta ples used directly as food, amounts to $13,000,000,000 annually. “The time is not far away when the feeding of corn to hogs ‘will be classed with that other unholy act—the feed ing of raw bituminous coal to a fur nace for heat supply. “Those who talk of solving the farmer's {roubles by marketing sur plus farm products live only for to day, . We shall be within 10 vears. When the experiment stations and model farms teach the farmers how to produce crops, they have only be- gun their real problem, which is how to complete production and ‘analyses of the yarious elements so as to util ize the elements to the best and most economical values. For example, why feed whole corn to hogs when its germ will produce a substitute for rub ber, its starch will make not onl laundry stiffening, but | food. corn sirup, sugar, dextrose and crystalline maltose? One bushel of corn produces 25 pounds of sugar. Why feed sugar to hogs When it will make candy for humans? Corn hulls will make gluten—14.5 pounds per bushel—and phytin containing 21 per cent of assimilable phosphorus. This is only the beginning of the list of products from corn, -corncobs, corn- ks, etc.- Organi¢ chemistry Is demenstrating that we are literally throw ‘“‘pearis hefore swine” in the gross way we are feeding whole corn to pigs. Iy comparisori with that wastefulness of predent farming, es Lamb's story of the origi of roast pork through burning down he house every tlme one wanted grain flelds of Minnesota and the Da- kotas have sown to grain, blaz- s have lighted. the i u delicate repast was marvelous efficlency and economy. —~4Copysight:-+697. by-Paul Ve Colliag) ’ ] ¢ ’ !