Evening Star Newspaper, February 27, 1927, Page 45

Cavinyod EDITORIAL'PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECI Part 2--16 Pages WHY LATIN AMERICANS - VIEW U. S. ANXIOUSLY “Citizenship of 7 the Dollar” Regarded By Them As American Diplomacy. BY WALLACE THOMPSO! ATIN AMERICA is seething— mildly to be sure, and probably temporarily, but seething none tho les: er the specter of United _States imperialism in Mexico and Nicaragua. From every corner of the lands to the echoes, even direct appeals cusations, against this country's policy in Mexico and the Carfbbean. In Ar gentina, the most advanced of the natfons w 4 the been erowded with ¢ articles and editorials against the | TUnited States policies: news builetins sre lssued with cach development, and feeling (already fired, by certain unto- ward trade incidents) has run high. | tver Plate, in Uruguay, | Chileans | despite official o 3 difficulties with r heatad public opinfon. Cen- rica is milling like an uneasy Even Guatemala, long the best ted States in Central country’s American t officially Mexican and a, it would ap too much to ng. She is truly the friend ed States. but her open standing forth as a champion conveys to some observers a feeling of a greater seriousness in the situation than has vet appeared. Probably Not Permanent. There is, however, probably no solid permanence in the attitude of Latin America, but it is none the Jess an actuality. But why {s it all happening, and over conditions and policies which are not new? This question is being asked both here 2nd in Latin America. Conditions have not greatly changed, the United States policy has not been altered basically, the officials of this government are cer- tainly friendly, and from President Coolidge down are anxious to help and 10 be fair, to be generous and under- standing. ' Then, asks Washington, what is the reason for all the rumpus? A good many reasons have been| advanced by Washington ltself. One historic one was bolshevism—Mexican | bolsheviem. The Department of State | has, since its first “unofficial leak" | newspapers blegrams. policles. is_frankiy critical of Wa o | States’ side must be diametrically op- AL FEATUR ES I New Phase of issue, and, like thousands of people in the TUnited States, Latin American lost sight of the facts of the case from the United States’ official viewpoint. | The full logic of the Mexican side ap- { pealed to Latin America, frankly, and | there it was assumed that the United posed to it. The casual observer in | Latin America (or the offical observer deed) has quite as much difficulty in realizing that the Mexican issue is not a two-sided, but at least an eight- sided, one, as has the average North merican, Growing Self-consciousness. { But even the total of all this does not explain Latin American uneasi- ness. Deep down in the heart of that unrest is something else. The grow- ing self-consciousness of those coun- tries, their increasing tendency to put themselves in the shoes of every country upon which the United States appears to turn its “attacks,” has other hooks of steel with which to grapple the issue to its soul. The attitude of the United States Department of State in Mexico and Nicaragua is being taken today in Latin America as an indication of a | crystallization of a new type of| thought, a new separation in the at- | titude of the United States from i brothers and sisters of the Americas. | That change, the countries of Latin | America feel, is fraught with peril | for their future. To explain, it is necessary to go back, briefly, over a road of reasoning new to most people | In the United States. : All of the countries of the Americas | have been in the past importers both of citizens and of capital. In the last century only a few have imported citizens, the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, perhaps. But all, in® cluding the United States, have im- ported capital. : ‘The nationality of those new citi- zens from Europe has been one of the | continual points of friction between the Old World and the New. To this day, when you get a United States passport, you will find among the printed “instructions to holders” of these documents the frank statement that while naturalized citizens born abroad are regarded as United States citizens, none the less this Govern- ment cannot guarantee them against being forced into military and other service by the countries of their birth on that subject, piped down perceptibly | on that key. It is now generally | conceded, by all whom there is any | need of consulting. thet the extent o Mexican bolshevism in Latin America | is that Mexico, dreaming of hegemony | there, has found the influence of the | United States a potent barrier.. Set.| ting about to undermine that influence, | Mexico has gun into a much-heralded soviet drive in Latin America against the alleged imperialism of the United States. Mexico found herself—unex-| pectedly, her friends kiver—working in the same direction as Mbscow in Latin America, and in & way with similar tools. The classic parallel is the Chinese generals who are using soviet aid for their own nationalistic aspira- | tions. No, Mexican. bolshevism in| Latin America is not responsible for Latin America’s momentary attitude toward the United States policies there. Propaganda by Mexico. Propaganda? Perhaps, for Mexico lesser extent in South America. She has set up wireless towers in every capital of Central America, and sends out each night from Mexico City an ant!-United States, pro-Mexican wire- less news service, which is given free to every newspaper in Central Amer- ica. She prints special editions of Mexico City newspapers, rotogravure supplements and all, for each Central American country. She establishes | “‘workingmen's libraries” in towns and villages, all in the friendliest-appear- ing spirit in the world. It is splendid propaganda, whatever its ulterior ob- Ject, and doubtless has had consider- able effect—a traveler spends a lot of totally wasted time wishing Uncle Sam had vision enough to do something ke it. And propaganda for Dr. Juan Bau- tista Sacasa, leader of the Liberal revo- lution in Nicaragua—backed by Mexi- co. He was once Washington's friend and is now its most troublesome ene- my; his propaganda is one of the most capable bits of press-agenting that was ever done in propaganda-ridden Wash- ington. Dr. Sacasa’s fellow physician, Dr. T. Seydel Vaca, who usually prac- tices in Germantown, Pa., has been personally responsible for a large share of the present international | crisis over Nicaragua. With his able | lieutenant, Carrazo Morales of Gran- | ada, Nicaragua, the faults and foibles of American dlplomacy in Nicaragua | have been carefully segregated from the mass of constructive work and | dished up in*the most approved and efficient propaganda fashion. But propaganda alone does not ex- plain the feeling throufhout Latin America regarding those Mexican and Nicaraguan policies of Washington. ‘That must be sought in solid facts, revealed—emphasized, if you will—by recent developments. Back to 1914 Treaty. ‘There is, first, the fact of the Nic- araguan treaty of August 5, 1914, which gave the United States, in per petuity, complete proprietary rights to the interoceanic canal route through Nicaragua, and leases for 99 years on lands for naval bases on islands of the Caribbean and on the wonderful Bay of Fonseca, on the Paclfio—all for one payment of $3,000,- 000. This treaty, quoted in the con- gressional message of President Cool- idge on Jaunuary 10 last, was pre- sented as one of the chief justifica- tions of the sending of United States warships and Marines to Nicaragua after Mexican arms began to flow to the ald of Dr. Sacasa. Its reiteration at this time had, however, another effect besides justification of the land- Il of the Marines. It brought that treaty to the attention of Latin America, almost for the first time. When it was signed, in the opening days of the Great War, it caused not & ripple in the news, and for 12 years the document has continued to enjoy the same peaceful obscurity. Now, reading its text in the Coolidge message, Latin Americans began to discuss it, both in Washington and in their own countries. One diplomat re- marked to me: “Why, President Diaz of Nicaragua, in his former term as chief executive, and bv this treaty, sold his country _o the United States for $3,000,000"" Wext in order of facts comes the Mexican crisis reached last December over the enforcement of the alien if they return there. France, Ger- many. Italy, Greece--the otherwise friendly sources of America’s Euro. pean immigration—claim their sons as nationals despite naturalization abroad. In that the United States | and all Latin America are in the same boat, and exceptionally sympathetic. Citizenship of Capital, The same question of “‘citizenship” arises as regards imported capital— and here comes a point of divergence on which Latin Agnerica has its ey Are British pounds sterling invested in United States or Argentina or even Mexican rallways British pounds still, or are they American or Argentine or Mexican in nationality? There were some very lively controversies over this {ssue in the United States in years gone by, when investments in this country involved the risks that investments in some countries of Latin America still bear today. The stage of danger and reacl a perity where even forced :.12- “Dl;g:: eign-owned property did not entail a loss, because the natives here had money to buy them—in contrast to Mexico today, where requirements of the sale of the foreign-owned property ]tg‘:le;:;am au? @ great pecunfary 8, use Mexico - '-“‘A“' oy has not the capi Now, since 1918, the United S S has ceased, almost abruptly. 10 Lr oy importer of capital, and has become | one of the greatest exporters of capi- Latin America knows that very xl(léht}nd all Latin America has been ng jealous] new attitude “Xy L ot those dollars that go abroad. U. 8. Attitude Toward Dollars. Perhaps, since 1918, the fi standing signs of For. b hu)comevm the present issues of Mex- ico and Nicaragua. In the old transd- tion perfod, from 1876 to 1918, the United States was uncertain and self- and only representations made and sought. In 1914 and 1916, Secretary of State Bryan called upon all Ameri- cans in Mexico to abandon their prop- dld not enter into the queation—i: those officlal orders to non-resident Americans; today two claims commis- sions are adjusting the responsibility and sum of the damages caused to the properties, Mr. Bryan and Mr. Lans- loss in Meixcan and other revolutions, ut that was almost the extent of the protection’” of that property. So, at those simpler days. ears of listening Latin America, are of a different tone. Now Washington protests that such and such legislation the broparty Hents syimbolzed by the the property rights syml United States’ dollars abroad. Now tion and destruction of property own- ed by its citizens—property other years might have been losses. Question of Reparations. of the losses involved in the land and ofl controversies, through claims com- missions already establl; mine what becomes of the United States’ dollar when it enters Mexico, point upon which the United States is adamant. dollar remains American, and subject to American interpretations of prop- erty, say Washington's diplomatic the White House, and no offers of and petroleum laws; this erisis e an immense stir in Latin The right of Mexico to mn she willed about internal affalrs was presented . as the chlef between _that policy and its execution —or so Latin America reads the signs in the skies. The conclusion of these ocbeervers =3 (Continyed on Third Page.) aban. | shape. A Gettit he ca EDITORIAL SECTION - The Sunday St WASHINGTON, BY BEN McKELWAY. MERICA as a land of opportunists can be demonstrated no more strikingly than by briefly sketching for a few genera. tions the history of the well known famil; Little is known of the first Gettit except that me over, accidentally, in the Mayflower. e had organized in England a one-man stock company and was selling stock among the pil- grims in the Plymouth Rock Development Cor- poration when the ship sailed without giving him time to go ashore, the captain having de- tained him in irons in the hold. There he seems to have dropped from sight, @s dld his immediate descendants, until the birth, in 1800, of T. Young Gettit, Gettit, growing up with America, sought a means of earning an honest living, but it is recalled by historians that he had reached middle age before inventing what afterward became known as the “Gold Brick.” Obtaining a brick, or bar, of pure gold, he of- fered nized he found a ready market. stood, to sell it at a price far below the recog- value of such products. Needless to say, It should be under- however, that Gettit never sold the origi- nal brick or bar of pure gold, but substituted just before the consummation of the sales a duplicate brick or thinly clever tune. 1. Get bar of some base metal coated with gold. This remarkably device enabled him to build a huge for He was unable to pass it on to his son, tit, 2d, as some old customers who gath- ered around him one night took it from him just before tightening the noose. o 1. Gettit, 2d, although admiring his father’s work, close found never pursued it. He often related to friends that he considered it crude. He a comfortable living, however, in his ability so to shuffle the cards that after a long night's play he found himself with four aces to bet house against four kings, three flushes, a full and a straight. His hand unfortunately slipped one evening and a fifth ace dropped from his cuff, and he was forced thereafter to discontinue the practice of his chosen profes- sion because of the loss of three fingers from his right hand. the bullet having gone slightly wild. Nevertheless, I. Gettitt, 2d, originated the so-call led “shell game,” wherein he invited the curious to make small wagers with him that they could guess under which of three English walnu t shells, split in halves, he had placdd a vea. He was able to outguess them for the most part, possibly because he became adept at con- cealing the pea between the fingers of his left hand as he shuffied the shells. Although ac- cumulating a fortune in this manner he fol- lowed with interest the development of the Middle Western oil fields and dropped the shell game to sell gilt-edged oil stock. His success was marked, and readers doubtless recall his recent death in Leavenworth, Kan. * % % Xk But it {s with I. Gettit, 3d, that this article is chiefly concerned. For the sake of brevity our hero hereafter will be referred to simply as Dr. Gettit, for he paid good cash, to the amount of $6.75, for a medical degree and certalnly is worthy of the title. .. . Dr. study forbears. Gettit made it a point in his youth to the distinguished careers of his honorable And it is only one of the many trib- utes to his intelligence that at an early age he reached the conclusion that his ancestors over- looked what is sometimes a bothersome detail— namely, the law. Dr. Gettit firmly resolved to stay within the law, and that explains, in part, BY A. L. WARNSHUIS, Secretary of the International Missionary ‘Washington toward| The future of the Chiness people is now being molded. a Christian or non-Christian peoplt It must be borne in mind that this looked-for atti- | armies, marines and gunboats are not tude toward those migrating dollars | the important facts about China today —a people’s revolution is developing. ‘The revolution in 1911 and the various movements since then were surface assertive, but this Government usually | disturbances, affecting only a few. let the dollars shift for themselves, | The present movement goes much if harm came to them wers | deeper. They were ripples on the sur- recompense | ¢ace of an inland lake. coming ocean tide. The purposes of this revolution are erties and retire, in order to save the | political emancipation and the eco- United States from the problem of | nomic uplift of the masses. The cost protecting their, lives—tho properties | of rice has advanced in the last 10 N | years more rapidly than wages have been increased. Apparent Chinese Apathy. During recent years the outside ing, Mr. Colby mnd Mr. Hughes pro- | world has often wondered at the ap- tested, made solemn record of the | parent apathy of the Chinese people claims of Americans who had suffered | while the different military chieftains struggled for supreme control. students, and to some extent the mer- least, does Latin America look back on | chants, were the first to be awakened. But now the representations, to the | arising from the Versallles treaty, sought to arouse their countrymen. During the last two or three years the laboring classes have been organ- izing unions that have become in- Washington sends its Marines to Nica- ' creasingly vocal. ragua, ostensibly to prevent conflsca- | are being unionized. A movement of the whole people is beginning to take The revolution of 1911 may e American citizens having | now be consummated. The outlook gg:zteghmmm). and later claims | for a united China with some form of commissions set up to adjudicate the | really democratic government is bright- er than it has been for a long time. Naturally there is much uncertainty Mexico, to follow this reasoning |and unrest. one step further, has offered, in Va- | ments are developing, the forces of dis- rious tenders of an unofficial char | order more easily break away from acter at least, to arrange a settlement | control. and province committees are being or- ganized to take over the government. shed. But the | Mych depends upon the character of United States has avolded acceptance | the group that succeeds in getting it- of such a solution, for that would self recognized as a committee. recognize the right of Mexico to deter- | gome places, for example, Changsh the majority of the city committee {s radical, and including the right of Mexico to legls | 1pg city are in the ascendancy, with late retroactively, which is the one ;e result that a severe attack has been made on the Christian churches The property owned by that | 5,4 yngtitutions. Moderate in Other Cities. In other places, Wuchang, for ex- notes and the pronouncements from | gmple, the majority of the committee is composed of moderates, and there damage settlements can be slipped in | 1,34 been much less disturbance. With such profound changes taking place, it would not have been surprising if disturbance of the uu-mr‘ work had been much greater than is. Of the 8,000 missionaries in China, D. C., SUNDAY MOR The Gettit Family in America the esteem in which he is held by his millions of admiring fellow citizens. Dr. Gettit looked with scorn, for instance, and righteous indignation upon those who make use of fake degrees or diplomas to practice upon the human body. Such practice was often mal- practice, and malpractice, he well knew, was not only dangerous, but evil. Nor would he prescribe drugs for any one. He decided there was as much danger in medicine as in the knife. ¥ ok ok ok Dr. Gettit's method was far stmpler, and safer. He founded a cult. Of this foundation it may be remembered by those who followed his career that he once entered a darkened room alone and concentrated, it is asserted, for 25 minutes. He came out with a cult, the cult revolving around the principle that every one should eat acorns. His method of turning his cult into cash was simple. He first picked a city of intelligent Americans and wired ahead to hire a hall. At the same time he sent in advance his press agent, known, however, by the more dignified title of “personal secretary.” The duties of this personal secretary were first to find some well known woman, preferably a woman high in society because of the large masses of pewter bequeathed her by her late husband, and who, together with her pewter, held a pronounced penchant for harboring what the illiterate flippantly allude to as “nuts.” The personal secretary invited this woman to spon- sor the appearance of Dr. Gettit in, say, Wash- Ington. This task easily accomplished, the per- sonal secretary then sought some man, woman or child who possessed what is known as an entree at the newspaper offices. Obtaining an introduction to the Proper Person at the news:. paper offices, the personal secretary and the Proper Person engaged in the following con versation: “Iam Mr. R. C. Whiffle, personal representa- tive of Dr. I. Gettit, who is coming to Wash- ington to deliver a course of free lectures. I used to be a newspaper man myself.” “I am glad to meet you, Mr. Whiffle, and when is Dr. Gettit coming to Washington? ‘Where will he lecture? What time are his lec- tures? Who is Dr. Gettit, and upon what sub- ject does Dr. Gettit lecture?” *“Oh, but you certainly must know or have heard of Dr. Gettit?” “'Oh, sure, Dr. Gettit. When is he coming?” “Dr. Gettit, as you doubtless remember, is the famous surgeon who, 15 years ago, found himself at the brink of the grave. He had been given up by 12 of the most distinguished surgeons, physicians, doctors and medical men who could be obtained. Each in turn shook his head. ‘He will die. He must dle, each sald, pointing to Dr. Gettit. As they left the room Dr. Gettit’s daughter Mabel, then a mere child of 5, came running in from play. ‘Papa,’ said Mabel, ‘look at what I got." Mabel showed her father an acorn, plucked that moment from an acorn tree. Her father said, ‘Give it to me, child,’ and ate it. From that moment he was a well man. He gained 5 pounds the first week, 10 pounds the second week, 15 pounds the third week, and so on. During that time he ate nothing but acorns and has since lived exclusively upon acorns. He is the picture of health and has often been mistaken on the street for Jack Dempsey, Gene Tunney, Harry ‘Wills, Carpentier and a lot of fellows like that. * % % % “Mre. R. C. Van Smith-Terbloomer is spon- soring Dr. Gettit's visit to Washington. He has dedicated his life to telling other people about acorns. He will appear here two weeks from Monday, twice on Monday, twice on Tuesday, twice on Wednesday, but only once on Thurs- day. He has engaged Bandit Hall for his lec- tures. T wish you would print something in the paper about {t. Mrs. Van Smith-Terbloomer ous gested. ‘What shall it be— the their work. ‘This is an on- The Now the farmers ‘When such great move- In each neighborhood, city have pa O In the radical elements in at 7. he probably only 500 have been advised to leave their stations as a measure of precaution. The interruption of their wo! herefore, not nearly as seri- newspaper headlines have sug- The future of misslonary work is full of hope. Men's minds are being stirred and a spirit of inquiry is awak- ened. Even in the places from which relgn missionary may find it advisable to withdraw temporarily, the Chinese churches will go forward with enced will atrengthen the church for its real task, winnowing out those who may have come into it with uestionable motives, and building up the faith and courage of those who are sincere bellevera. (Copyrixht. 1027.) Would You Like to Retire? ECENTLY | had the fin- teresting experience of seeing a man brought reached the age of fifty he sold his interests, put the money into good safe bonds and retired. He traveled about the world for a few months, but soon made the sad discovery that one city Is Just about like another. Then came home and decided to take things easy. All day long he would sit on his porch or potter about the Ith and temper grew daily worse; he was u: self and the community and in a few months, or years, would day his banker him and said: “We've got a lot of money in a little concern that ought to do well, Why don’t you for us and see straighten it up?” He did take hold of the little business. Instead of getting up at 10 o'clock He neglected his appoint- ments with the doctor, at first, because he had no time, and became ten years G, FEBRUARY 27, 1921, is very anxious that something be put in the paper about it, and T have here a picture of Mrs. Van Smith-Terbloomer, Dr. Gettit and an acorn. I used to be a newspaper man myself. You, of course, know Mrs. Van Smith-Ter- bloomer? “Only too well,” says the Proper Person. “But what does Dr. Gettit get out of thia? In other words, what's his graft? Doesn't he charge for his lectures? ““Oh, indeed no,” says the personal secre- tary. “Dr. Gettit is doing this great work solely for humanity. His lectures are free. Of course, following his lectures, Dr. Gettit con- ducts a private course in the proper way tc eat acorns. For these courses there is, I belleve, a slight charge of $50 per person per course.” “Of course,” sighs the Proper Person. koK ok % ) Two weeks later Dr. Gettit arrives. On the same day his personal secretary sends to the newspapers a letter which Dr. Gettit, after meet- ing the President of the United States at the White House, has mailed to the President. The letter advises the President that he is not look- ing as well as he used to look, and tells him to take more exercise and to regulate his diet according to the menu inclosed, which follows: BREAKFAST. Raw Acorns Tepid Water LUNCHEON. Boiled Acorns Powdered Acorns Water, Iced DINNER. Acorns on the Half-shell Acorn Soup Stewed Acorns, en masse Acornfa Salad Iced Acorns Acorn Wafers (No Coffee) * ok Xk ¢ And during the four days of his lecturs Dr. Gettit packs the hall. He tells the people that the idea of food, in the first place, is all wrong. The body does not need food, but fuel. Acorns are nature’s chosen fuel. Look at the squirrels. ‘Whoever heard of a squirrel sitting down to a dinner of soup, fish, steak smothered in mush- rooms, salad, ice cream, cake and coffee? (Ap- plause. Laughter) Yet walk in the park to- morrow morning and you will see that the squirrels all are healthy. And If, dear friends, you would learn more of acorns, come forward after the lecture and obtain literature free of charge which will tell you all about acorns and more still about the private course of lessons in acorn eating which will follow this public lecture, beginning Friday of this week. * K K % Dr. Gettit grew exceeding rich from his acorn lecture. But one night a group of men whose wives had become Dr. Gettit's devoted disciples and who had sought to substitute acorns for beans met together and silently entered Dr. Gettit's luxurious suite at a famous hotel and dragged the good doctor bodily from his silken couch, cramming, at the same time, a dozen acorns down his protesting throat. He thereafter gave up the acorn cult, finding- it Jjust as remunerative and less dangerous to go from city to city establishing private courses for the study of his new theory that “Every- thing’s up-side-down. Nothing is right-side-up.” He found that thousands of Americans who have amassed quantities of dollars by the con- centrated sweat of their brows, and who roar with amusement at the gullibility of their fel- lew Americans’ purchase of wooden nutmegs, fake oil stock or Florida real estate, are only too anxious to part with those dollars provided they can hear somebody expound something they think is new. For, as Dr. Gettit often . remarked, “All that glitters is not gold bricks." Dasedane,afine lot of propaganda for |t “United “siater o raisict | HOPEFUL FUTURE FOR MISSIONS |NEW USES FOR COTTON SOUGHT IN CHINA SEEN DESPITE STRIFE| TO SAVE SOUTH’S GREAT ASSET taken last week. The difficulties experi- BY BRUCE BARTON (Copyrighs, 1927.) the next six months. and pills were fast hurr) into the grave; he wi + back to life who had mtodand.v‘n-m‘w :o:m In‘ ersy Shantung, been as good as dead. He wat of life by the wonderful magic e o i e successful corporation official of work. they have, in an organized wa. ten years ago; and when he The world lu'I; of men who have the fool ease.” last years in querulo fort and the rest of the grave. on ked the Ia the old man demanded place; and except for his daily “In 1904.” visits to his doctor he had no then did he diet” definite engagements at all. His “n 1906." “There you have it,” less to him- |\ s old banker. “If he happy yet.” Fr:nklln did his best ay. Gladstone derblilt. but doesn’t. e hold of It if you can't eter began to get up between the man who (Covyriabt. 1937.) youpger in BY HARDEL COLFAX. Important steps toward rehabilita- | Neither is there any thought of at- tion of the cotton industry, with pos- | témpting to lengthen men'’s shirts. sibilities of widespread effects not only upon those who produce the raw | from the Southern farmer, who har- rmduct and those who manufacture | Vests the crop, to the manufacturer, it, but upon the consumers, were|Who spins and weaves or knits it into This movement has nothing to do with the question of style. Nor is it an effort to jack-up prices and make the ultimate consumer pay for the medicine to be concocted to cure the ills whieh beset the cotton industry. The ladies appear committed for an indefinite period to the comfort and ease of short skirts and Dame Fashion evidently has little intention of plac- ing her approval upon an effort to bring the fair sex back to universal use of cotton hose rather than the will some day retire and “spend their last yea's in comfort and As a matter fact, they will probably spend part of thos “Why don’t you retire?” a man J. P. Morgan. ‘When did your father retire?” at work he would be alive and an age when most men are dead; so did Voltaire and Goethe and : colmm:nn By keeping busy up to the end they finished the course happy—and young. There is no other secret for youth. And personally | cannot see very much difference Christian Element Will Be Purged of Those of |Experts Look to Industry for Qutlets, Rather Than Questionable Motives, While Sincere Ones Will Advance, Says Leader in Work. to Home, or Trying to Change Women From Silk. ik or rayon which are so popular. What attracts the cotton industry, serviceable form, is not so much in- ducing each consumer to use more of the cotton products in the shape to which he has been accustomed as an effort to find new uses for cotton. Problem of New Outlets. There is involved then the problem of new outlets for cotton products in distinction to enlarging the present gateways. By the same token, the movement cannot be interpreted as one directed toward an artificial stim- ulation of prices for cotton products, for there enters into consideration the question of substituting cotton for other fibers now used for certain pur- poses and any plan of substitution must bear in mind always the matter of price relationship. It would not be an easy matter to substitute cotton cloth for burlap, for instance, unles: there were a price advantage in the use of cotton or some element of su- periority which would make the con- sumer willing to pay more. Overproduction of cotton in the South this season has created not only an emergency, but has brought the entire industry to a tardy realiza- tion that potential production every year is beyond the normal require- ments of the world for American cot- ton. One way to meet this situation is to reduce production to normal demand and jog along until the an- nual growth in population brings a natural increase in demand and another is to endeavor to find new uses for cotton. of Agricul- Idlen: ying him s resur- hat they discom- m in the Both the Department ture and the Department of Commerce recently have been charged by Con- gress with the duty of seeking new uses for the South. 'V have been interesting themselves in the same question. A meeting was held here last week among repre- sentatives of the Government depart- ments and qf the Cotton: in reply. said the had kept work at the D dupieation of upon. ght refuses five dol- this time was for the purpose of starting discussion. One direction in which the Mto‘;l after a while becauss he had h illion. Both are a industry is looking is the never folt so well in his life. | hab 8 milen COlh ere S | |of substituting cotton ol de Men who watched him eaid that | JUCERRES 0 gty sapie - soaey Phird. Puge] them an opportunity which had never EUROPE, NOW ON ITS FEET, TURNS DOWN U. S. IDEAS America Saying “No” to League Cannot Expect “Yes” to Naval Parley Invi- lation, Says BY FRANK SIMONDS, ANY circumstances combine to explain the French refec- tlon of the naval conference proposal of President Cool- idge. The general lack of European approval for the project also arises from many causes. Yet in the last analysis the reason must be found in the steady refusal of our own Governmeat to accept or even to recognize the European point of view, not merely with reference to armaments, but also as to the Ieague of Nations itself. In the United States there is the conviction that the way to disarm is to disarm—that the problem of limi- tation of armaments is simple and arithmetical. In the naval fleld all that seems necessary is some chorus expressing the idea of community in reduction. Since neither the method nor the result find favor in Europe, | American opinion easily concludes that the League of Nations, which conducts the disarmament conference, is a fallure and that European profes- | sions are hypocritical. | ™ Such views are not only rossible, | but natural, for a country comfortably | seated behind the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean and between Canada and Mexico. In this happy situation American military and naval strength is not based upon American foreign policy. It only vaguely represents American_ estimates of concrete dan- gers. It is an insurance against pos- sible conflagration, but it is insur- ance based upon a rate established by accident and haphazardly. Different in Europe. In Europe, on the contrary, arma- ments nropleha disclosure of fire risks carefully estimated and scientifically adjusted. Limitation of armaments involves the reduction of fire risks first. The rate of insurance will only fall with the diminution of the risk. Ang, in fact, as the prospect of peace in Europe increases, the size of ar- maments diminishes automatically and proportionately. Therefore, all discussion of the limitation of arma- ments resolves itself into an examina- tion of the political circumstances on which they are based. Underlying the rejection of the President’s latest proposal was the conviction that the political adjust- ment which.must precede reduction or limitation has not been made. ' To the French it seemed a characteristic American attempt to persuade Europe to abandon the consideration of .the foundation and start building at the ground floor. President Coolidge’s program thus represented a new American effort to bring Europe to deal with its own complex and Intricate problems as if they were simple and separable. Moreover, it was resented because it came from the country which has rigidly refused to share in the at- tempts at solution of the political problems which must precede the mil- ftary or the naval. America asked Europe to drop the general problem and deal only with the detail which interested it. In the larger sense the disarmament conference which is now in progress at Geneva will not reach decisions. It is not a conference called for the ex- press purpose of settling an issue and adjourning. In one form or another 1t is likely to continue for many years. Nor will its decisions be based upon Investigations and agreements reached primarily in conference on the shores of Lake Geneva. Variations in Program. On the contrary the relation of such a conference to the European system is rather like the march of the mer- cuyry in a barometer. It will show the change in weather in Europe. All the agreements which may be made will follow automatically from political or ological changes which have en place. Each wi vast system of Intricate balancings, and st all times the political circum- stances will be the dominating. ‘With the United States, naval lim- itation a quesilon of economy and of morals. It is a method of saving money and it is hailed as an evidence of readiness to contribute to the cause of peace. But this is the case simply because there is no real sense of dan- ger or apprehension in the American mind and the reduction or limitation does not arouse popular dread of in- vasion. In Europe the situation is, of course, different. Under the shadow of the League, making use not of the ma- chinery of the League, but of the idea of the League, there is growing up a habit of compromise. The people of Europe are becoming accustomed to the idea that their statesmen must go to Geneva and reach an agreement with those of other nations. More and mare Geneva is becoming the political center of Europe. The League, by this time, has ac- quired a prestige which leaves it utter- 3’ unconcerned with the American at- tude. The entrance of Germany made it the center of the cotemporary European political system. It resents the American attitude, quite naturally. But American prestige and power do not affect t. Moreover, it represents a Europe which is today profoundly anti-American in all its deeper senti- ments. Similar South American feel- ings are discoverabld in Geneva also. Concepts of League. ‘The great evolution which has taken place in Europe, 8o far as the League is concerned, is that the Geneva body has become, not the expression of any moral enthusiasm, but the mechanism of a political experiment. In America the League has been not a practical but an ideal conception. It expressed a moral and evangelical explosion pro- duced by the war. It had not deep foundation in American necessities, be- cayse while it was a dream to make the world better, for the United States existing world was neither intol- erable nor unpleasant. In Europe, by contrast, the League in the early years enlisted no en- thusiasm and little support. It was|on loved. As a result we are regarded as an American idea with | bels d b; hated by little European application. The first e e aud L accession to the League came with the perception by the statesmen of the smaller nations that it offered before existed to make their voices strength felt. ;:c‘:mquence‘- of 'ways making proposals which serve no other purpose Europe & chance to get ministration and word, we insist upon being coming from Wash than a new opportunity indicate its sentiments, case of the recent proposal, one could know in advance the reasons and collectively to make their | which would be assigned, no one had Between 1920 and 1924 (the smallest excuse for mistaking Observer. cluded from power and influence by the nationalism which had conducted the war and made the peace treaty, began at last to reassert themselves, The political election of December, 1923, which put labor in power in Britain, and that of May, 1924, which upset Poincare and brought in the cartel des gauches, were followed by the decision of these democratio BToups to make the League the basis of its forelgn polic European Viewpointa. In the United States neither of the considerable political parties supports the League formaliy. Even the mrore or less shadowy liberal groups are far from united in its support. But in Europe—in Great Britaln, France and In rmany—all the dem- ocratic forces support tha League. It is the corner stone of their 1oreign policy. Therefore, the League has been established politically. Mcre than that, although the Tory govery ment returned to power in riritain and Poincare regained office in France, neithef has undertaken to modify the Geneva trend of foreign policy. At bottom there are now two majoe conceptions in Europe. There is the nationalist, which sees the future only as the past, puts all hope of, national security upon the development of na- tional resources, in the expansion of armles and navies. It does not bes lieve it is possible to prevent war permanently. It is not eager to pro- voke war. It follows a policy of pessimism, not of aggression. By contrast, the opposing prineiple is that held by European l'beraliem and it has evolved into the belief 1hat the single hope of avoiding collective ruin in Europe is through some sys- tem of compromi Americans advo- cated the League as the promise of a better world, European liberals have come to accept it as the only possible hope of preventing the extinction of the existing world. Thus suffering a sea-change, the 1dea of the League has ceased to be romantic or idealistic, it has become the basis of the political program of those parties which in Europe rep. resent liberalism. And while the ma- chine has developed very slowly and is still more or less rudimentary, the idea has enlisted support with increas- ing rapidity. Europe is accepting the ue not as a machine, pri- marily, not as an institution, but as a method and an idea. Want Only Joint Action. The nations and the political groups within nations which support the League believe that the United States, if it desires to achieve results, which can only flow from joint action with gue members, ‘should consent to share in the whole process: should agree to assoclate itself in the dis- cussion of the larger problems. It holds that no answer to the relatively minor detail of Umiting cruisers can be arrived at until the political ques- tion which for Europe explains the number of cruisers needed by any na- tion is approached. Europe is not at al_interested in the cruiser question. That depends upon the future adjustment of Italian and French relations in the Mediter- ranean and upon the later correlation of British to French and Italian for- eign Dfll::lo: The issue of the sub- e the issue of European se- curity in all its many forms. The Question of the size of n les awaits the future evolution of ET‘“ and Russian rope regards our naval . tion much as an Eskimo m!m- sider the dress regulations prescribed for himself by a native of the Congo Free State. It is not interested in what we wear but intends to continue to dress in conformity with its own climate. In the matter of a naval conference, as in that of the World Court, the United States has now encountered EY very definite and established state of mind. It has encountered the Buro- ean conviction that it is not for the United States to undertake to direct the operations of the League from the outside and when it feels itself in- terested. Either we must enter the League and assist in evolving a. policy or co-operate with the League on tha basis of League procedure. Conditions Found Changed. ‘What neither our State Department nor our public opinion seems ready to recognize 1s that the whole situa- tion of Europe has changed with the restoration of peace under the suc- cessive amendments of the Versallles treaty. Not only is this the case, but Europe has accepted the idea that the United States intends to pursue a Ppolicy of isolation only modified in sc- cordance with American convenience, The State Department and the administration continue to talk to Europe as if it were the Burope of 1919 or of 1923. It is nothing of the sort. It has found its own feet, adopted its own policles and it needs nelther advice nor fron America. Having made the League of Nations the basis of its forelgn re- lations, it universally resents the American attitude toward the League and the recent American attempt to substitute an American for a Leagus P Vhat ‘Washi gt reco; at Washington refuses to . nize is that our debt policy has ulll“d Europe against us, and. therefors that all Europe will welcome any chance to defeat any American policy. Simi« larly, it declines to concede that the League of Natlons is a solid Buropean fact; that it has very great supporg as the expression of the policy of the libéral parties in all Europearn’ couns tries, and, finally, that the League res sents our treatment of it. Thus, Geneva. is bound to applaud any action de. Which at one time defends it and feats an American effort to manipu. late it. % No one would expect the tion to change its gdeeb! - icy. What is always that it refuses to face the these policiés and ig Pole than to give bacle at both the ade the country. In s ington is no more for i no none of the great powers sent consid-| what the character of the erable men to Geneva and the prime|would be. ministers and foreign ministers were | been steadily saying “no” to ne' lace in ver present. ‘What But with the collapse of the Ruhr a |is why we should 52 to “yes” to For eight years we have passes comprehension, Mfl-‘h “fifll ‘expect .-‘ -y