Evening Star Newspaper, November 3, 1926, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. ‘WEDNESDAY. .November 3, 1026 S e e s THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: tioe 14 Kogent St Ladon, : egent Si.. 5 England Tha Evaning Star. with the Sunday morn- IRI edition. is delivered by carriers within tha city at 80 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents : Sundave only, 2) cents Er month. Orders may be sent by mail or lephone Main 5000. Coliection is made by carrier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. afly and Sunday. ...1yr. $0.00: 1 mo., 78 Enil P SRR ARRR EAo 11 T - ] ay only 113r$300: 1 mo.. 26¢ Al Other States and Canada. afly and Sunday..1yr.. $12.00: 1 mo. $1.00 Py o, o 1 ;‘;..sgs 3% 1me: *460 Sunday only 15r. $400i1mo! 3Be Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associaiad Press ie exclusively entitled to the use for republ! ows dis- lon of al credited to it or not otherwiss cred- patches ted in this naner and also the local news ublished All rights of publication of & also ved dispatches herein are rv The Elections, In the only nation-wide contest of yesterday’s elections ths Republican party was victorlous, the return of the national House of Representatives. It provides vardstick by which political sentiment the country over can be measured at this time. Ex- pected Republican losses to the Demo- crats in the Senate elections have hap- pened. These losses were in large part due to factional strife among the Republicans themselves or to a swin back to more normal conditions o party division in States which or- dinarily vote Democratic. New York is an example. The di- vision of the Republican party over the wet and dry issue upset the chances of Senator James W. Wads- worth, Jr. With a bonedry candi- | date, Cristman, running as an inde- pendent Republican, it was well nigh a foregone conclusion that the Demo- erat, aided by the Al Smith strength, would be elected. In Massachusetts, too, the senatorial contest was great- 1y complicated by the injection of the wet and dry issue, many wet Re- publicans favoring Walsh against But- ler. Democratic victories for Senator in Oklahoma, Missouri, Maryland and Kentucky represent merely a swing back to “‘normaley,” from which those States were swept by the Harding and Coolidge tidal waves in 1920 and 1924. While ‘the Democratic party is entitled to full credit for its sena- torfal triumphs in yesterday's elec- tlons, it must not be forgotten that only onethird of the Senate mem- bership was at issue. Had the entire Senate been up for election, several seats held by Democrats in States that are normally Republican, Michigan and Washington, for example, prob- ably would have been lost by the Democrats. The swing of the political pendulum in an “off year,” the middle of a presidential term, almost invariably results in gains for the party out of power. It lias become axiomatic to say that the party in power suffers losses at these elections. In the midst of a war, President Wilson and his party suffered far more severe re- verses than were experlenced by the Republicans yesterday, in a mid-term congressional election. less zealous in their desire to be en- franchised. As the returns came in from State after State, showing the current of the counting for House of Representa- tives and for Senate, observers in the listening and watching throngy ~ould not repress the feeling tha.™ hey, though banned by the law, were as competent to choose their lawmakers as are those of any of the enfranchised States. They could quite as intelli- gently read the printed ballots or un- derstand the designations on the vot- _THE FEVENING . ETAR, WASHINGTON, D. the highest office. Democratic leaders who, while warmly admiring him, are not enamored of the man, dreading another convention conflict, are not as greatly elated by the vast majority cast for Gov. Smith as they would be i the circumstances were different. For those circumstances, they feel, ke him a liability rather than an t to his party. It is evident that the developments | ¢h of the next twenty months will be of the greatest Interest politically. Yes- terday’s election was the beginning ing machines. They could with equal | of the campaign of 1928 and its most facility manipulate the mechanism of voting. They could quite as fully un- derstand the {ssues, and they could with just as much reason and dis- crimination choose between individual candidates, But they cannot exercise these qualities. They are denied the right of representation in the body which makes their laws and imposes their taxes. They cannot vote for the of- fice of President. They are asking for the franchise to enable them to send their representatives to Congress and to express their choice for Chief Executive. They have been asking for it for @ long time, and lately they have been asking it insistently. Probably very few people outside of the District of Columbia yesterday thought of the plight of the Wash- ingtonians, Those who went to the polls and voted did so without rec- The defeat of Senator William M. Butler by former Senator David I. Walsh in Massachusetts retires from public office the chairman of the Re- publican national committee, a warm personal friend of President Coolidge. It comes in the face of an earnest appeal by the President himself that Butler be reelected. His defeat comes nearer to being a repudiation of the President than any other Re- publican loss yesterday. It will be 8o interpreted in Democratic quar- ters. Yet such a claim, when the sltuation is analyzed, falls to the ground. Senator Walsh made mo anti-Coolidge campalgn in Massachu- setts. Indeed, when Gov. Ritchie of Maryland and former Senutor Stan- ley of Kentucky, early in the Massa- chusetts * senatorial campalgn, de- clared in political speeches for Walsh that “this was an opportunity to de- feat Coolidge” they threw Senator TWalsh and his Massachusetts sup- vorters into a cold sweat. The last thing they wished to make of the campaign was a fight against Cool- fdge. What they desired was to con- fine the contest to Senator Butler on personal grounds so far as possible. Senator Walsh, in the language of the street, has “pulled an Al Smith” In Massachusetts. He has run 122,. 000 aliead of his ticket. He has de- feated his Republican opponent for the Senate by 60,000, while a Repub- lican governor was winning by up- ward of 200,000 votes. It is a tribute to the personal popularity of Walsh., In considering the effect of the Massa. chusetts elections on the political fortunes of the President, it must be recalied that the President made as strong an appeal for the election of Gov. Fuller as he did for that of Senator Butler, and that Fuller won Landsomely. B The office seeks the man. Gov. Smith has had a hard time dodging the spotlight. ‘Washington Stands By. ‘Washington watched and listened to the election returns last night with its customary philosophy. The coun- try at large was voting for members of the House of Representatives and one-third of the States were selecting Benators. Washington alone of all the American communities wag mere- 1y looking on while the voting ma- chines clicked and the ballots rustled into the boxes. The fact that this has been the sit- uation from the beginning of District time 4ld not soften the sense of deep injustice that prevalled among the oitizens of the Capital. They have “grown used to” the inequity of being forced to occupy the position of by- standers while the country chooses fts representatives in the luw-making body of the Nation. But that haby ot endyrance did not make them ;& ollection of the voteless half million living in the shadow of the Capitol. And those who, though vested with the vote, failed to go to the polls— and there were many millions of them—probably never knew that the District people are denied the right which they themselves neglect to ex- ercise. Recently the situation with regard to the District was set before several hundred citizens of the States, repre- sentative of a wide range of activities. Many of them responded. Practically all who did so expressed their em- phatic disapproval of the denial of the franchise to Washington and their willingness to ald to secure justice for the voteless half million. The vote in favor of putting Washington on the franchise map was overwhelm- ing. If that question were referred to the American people, as it is pro- posed in the form of an amendment to the Constitution, it would be an- swered emphatically In the affirma- tive. . But meanwhile, Washington must stand by and listen to and watch the bulleting of the voting’in the States, and be content that it is allowed the privilege of observation. It is a poor substitute for full American citizen- ship. e A Chinese girl was formally mar- rled to a photograph of her lover, who could not be present at the cere- mony. With all good wishes, here’s hoping that the real gentleman will be as agreeable and inoffensive when he arrives in person as was the photograph. g The 1928 Campaign Opened. From a nationdl point of view the most important electoral contest yes- terday was that in New York State, despite the fact that the issues there involved were purely local im char- acter and the main outcome, as to the governorship, was in little doubt. Gov. Smith, running for that office for the fifth time, was virtually as- sured of election. His opponent, Rep- resentative Ogden Mills, had been drafted for that duty and had put up the best possible fight in the name of his party against heavy odds. The only question was as to the size of the Smith majority. But that ques- tion was one of unusual importance. A narrow margin of victory for the governor would seriously militate against his prestige as a presidential possibility. A heavy majority would denominate him as New York's “fa- vorite son” beyond mistake and assure him of the undivided and enthusiastic support of his State delegation in the next national nominating convention. Such a majority has been returned for the governor. The figure mounts with successive additions to the re- turns and is now approaching the 275,000 point. It {s an unmistakable indorsement of Smith as the candi- date of the Emplre State for the Dem- ocratic presidential nomination in 1928. In ordinary circumstances such an indorsement by his own State would virtually assure Gov. Smith the party nomination twenty months hence. It would place him in the position of Gov. Tilden in 1876, and Gov. Cleve- land in 1884, It would designate him as the leader of his party. He Is easily the outstanding figure in that party today, the most popular per- sonally, the most efficient In service and the possessor of the brightest rec- ord as an executive, ‘Were it not for the two-thirds rule which from the beginning of the rec- ord has governed in Democratic nom- inating conventions and which pre- vails at present, there would be little, practically no doubt of the result of the gathering in June, 1928. Smith would be not merely a leader against the fleld, but a leader so far ahead that a first-ballot nomination would be probable. But that rule obtains and it will govern in the selection of the 1928 ticket unless abrogated by the convention. It requires only a majority vote to adopt the working rules. Mathematically, therefore, it would seem as though the two-thirds rule was doomed, In view of the wide- spread popularity of Gov. Smith and the desire of the party leaders to avold another deadlock such as that of 1924, But mathematics will not neces- sarily control in this situation. The Southern States, which are by the cir- cumstances of history denied the priv- ilege of furnishing the candidate, have in the two-thirds rule a veto power over the acts of the convention. It has been their most prized preroga- tive for a good many vears. It is de- ridedly doubtful whether they will re linquish it now, for the sake of secur- ing a nomination readily and speedily, when it is assured that once re. linquished it can never be regained. There are circumstances which enter into the equation which do not bear upon the personal and the execu- tive qualifications of Gev. Smith for important result was the virtual nom- ination of Alfred E. Smith for the presidency by the New York democ- racy. —_——— Comforting, But Not Mandatory. While most of the States whers wet-dry referendum votes were cast yesterday showed majorities for repeal or modification of the prohibi- tion amendment and law, it is im- possible at the present reckoning to determine whether the voice of the people thus raised denotes a general desire to return to pre-prohibition conditions. The New York vote was overwhelmingly favorable to a law permitting the Statesto enact laws on the subject. The Illinois vote ap- peats, likewise, to have been the same. California has apparently voted for modification. In Missouri, however, despite the fact thata “wet” candidate has been elected to the Sen- ate, the referendum went “dry There are many angles to this sit- uation, which do not permit a clear- cut understanding of the popular will. Candidacles confused the issue. The propositions were mnot identi- cally stated to the voters. Yet the general outcome of the votes on this subject is a decided en- couragement to those favoring modi- fication of the enforcement act. Yet the referendum cannot be accepted by Congress as a mandate. The mem- bers of the House and Senate must consult their own constituencles and determine their own responsibilities. Neither house in the next Congress will stand committed to modification or repeal by virtue of yesterday's elections. The trip of President Coolidge to Massachusetts was the occasion of a distinguished demonstration of the ‘silent vote.” Life would be easier for the forecaster if the “silent vote" were always so easily calculable. One of the distinctions to be ac- corded Queen Marie is that of an influential archeologist. Had it not been for her, nobody would have re- membered the serpentine dances of Loie Fuller. N The novelist who undertakes to be a statesman is never able to make his political theories quite as inter- esting as his stories. People who do not care to vote should come to Washington, D. C., where they cannot be criticized for not attempting to do so. The Scrivener case leaves the pub- lic guessing. The murder theory is the more generous one. Suicide is always confession—of something. Instead of “Fair and warmer” the weather announcements turn to “Fair and colder.” Memories of August climate make the change agreeable. e The automobile has caused some tragic episodes in demonstrating that the locomotive still has the right of way. Mussolinl moves fast. Perhaps this fact accounts for the difficulty every would-be assassin finds in hit- ting him. SHOOTING STARS. 'Y PHILANDER JOHNSON. Elected! Had a little votin® Down to Pohick on the Crick. The populace was notin’ Our troubles comin’ thick. ‘We listened to oratin’ In a controversy warm And now we're celebratin® 'Cause we're due for great reform. Hezekiah Dinkin Is the hero of the hour. He done a heap o' thinkin® And we hall his mental pow'r. As David slew Goliah ‘Who was makin' matters worse, Dear Uncle Hezekiah Will reform the universe. Higher and Higher. “I can remember when you could buy votes for two dollars aplece.” “High cost of living shows every- where,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Even the price of votes has gone up.” A Moving Event. Election with its grief or fun Again bids statesmen roam. Some new ones come to Washington And others go back home. Before the Bulletins. “Did you listen to the election re- turns?” “1 did. And I want to tell you, if properly managed, an election can be made as interesting as a prize fight.” Jud Tunkins says the man who writes letters to himself has found a fine system for avoiding bad news. “The state must yield to the in- dividual,” sald Hi Ho, the sage ot Chinatown. “A woman in politics is never so earnest and uncompromising as a woman in love. Busy Bee. Be good. Be kind. Be just. Be true. Be honest—thus you see Th the affairs of life anew That ever-busy B. Moonshine. “Any moonshine licker around here?” - “None whatever,” answered Cactus Joe. “There was some last night. It's all consumed and we're waitin to ar- rest the next bootlegger.” A bootlegger.” said Uncle Eben, “is a sinner, but his customergfv de one dat stands i elppery Plagy THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Beeds are incomprehensible. So are bulbs, but they seem more human. The mystery of the bulbs Is not quite such a mystery as that of e seeds. If for no other reason than that the bulb is a refuge during Winter and a store of food, this form of plant life is more easily understood by us. ‘Within this tulip bulb, we say, lies a flower practically developed; it needs but the warmth of Spring 'to unfold its glory. Because human beings can under- stand to some extent the necessity for a warm place of refuge and plenty to eat, we say the bulbs strike us as more human, more comprehensible. If we can but shove the mystery back another remove, we have done something. Behind our futile little curtain the great Mystery still stands, however. The tulip, the crocus, ts now in the ground; the hyacinth, the daf- fodil, is safe in its bed; each will wait there, trusting in the Lord, for the better weather of Spring, 1927. ‘What interesting things, the bulbs! In discussing them, we draw no hard and fast lines. Anything that looks Lke a bulb is admitted. The tuber of the dahlia finds a place, as does the corm of the gladiolus. They may not be “bulbs,” in the strictest sense, but in the general garden sense they come within the term easily. ‘The tullp, of course, is a true bulb. It any one asks you for an example of the bulb, you are perfectly safe in naming the tulip. It is composed of overlapping scales, which are really merely modified leaves. The flower is there half-formed. * ok Kk x There are all sorts of bulbs, from the huge fleshy lily bulbs to the smaller corms of the gladioli. Some bulbs, such as that of the onion, have single outer scales; others have the scales lald on in tilelike formation; some are practically solid. The bulbs are classified as single (tulip) and multiple (such as garlic). Almost any plant that appears to be a bulb is a bulb—at least, we go on that theory. The point is that the article shows no sign of root, stem or leaves, yvet develops them later, when placed in the proper en- vironment and under the right con- ditions. The leaves of the developed bulbs are as important as the bulbs them- selves, for it is from their growth, as they take In air and sunshine, especially the latter, that the new bulb is formed. So bulb planters should take care to treat their bulb leaves with care. This accounts for the advice to allow tulips to remain in their beds unmolested until the leaves die down. Many violate this injunction, however, and the bulbs do not seem to be particularly harmed. Undoubtedly this shows the wide tolerance Nature has placed in all her creations. She sets rules for growth, but if these rules are vio- lated, growth will take place just the same, if at all possible, The German and Japanese irls scarcely can be called bulbs, but their rhizomes are much like those of other plants that are loosely grouped with the bulbs. The roots of the peony probably should not be included, yet many amateur gardeners will be in- clined to call them bulbs, too, to dis- tinguish them from seeds. * ok ¥ ¥ All the bulbs make seed, of course, but these simply develop into bulbs. A tulip secd-pod is a very interesting creation. The sceds of the gladiolus grow at the base of each flower on the flower spike. To grow bulbs from seed, however, is only’ the expert’s work, who works under, ideal con- ditions. One may have gladiolus bulbs from 2 inches across to the size of a pea or pinhead, almost. These latter are scarcely worth planting next Spring, unless one has plenty of room, where they can be placed and left without janger of molestation, as the leaves resemble grass blades and are easily cut by mistake. Corms the size of the finger end, however, will grow nicely, and those the size of the thumb may bloom late in the Summer. “Growing on” the bulblets, as it is called, is the way to always have fresh bulbs in the garden, and it costs nothing but a little time and atten- tion. Lily bulbs are commonly huge af- fairs, being generally sold in “large,” “giant” and “jumbo” sizes, some be- ing as much as a foot across. The Ismene bulbs planted in our garden last Summer, which bloomed in 82 days from planting, were as large as base balls. This Fall we found five bulbs where only two had been planted. The favorite lily with most people is the Madonna (Lilium candidum): It grows well in this region, with no particular attention from year to year, which enhances fits value to those who have little time to put on their gardens. The various colored Canada lilies (Lilium canadense) are interesting, as are Lillum auratum, the famous gold- banded lily of Japan, and Lillum re- gale, the regal lily, discovered only a few years ago in China, and now to be purchased at a reasonable price. The tiger lly is an old favorite, and many like the lemon lilies, so called. And there are hundreds more. * ok % % There are a million flower seeds planted, however, to one bulb, and seed houses often worry over this fact, believing it due to the lack of. knowledge by home owners of the charm of the Spring bulbs, in par- ticular. One reason many persons do not plant the tullp, narcissus and so on is that these plants, flowering so early in Spring, attract marauders more than all the other flowers of the year. Persons who by no means would “lift” roses or peonies from a garden find themselves tempted to steal a few tulips! ‘With all beautiful things, however, there must be some temptation, it would seem. One should not be held back from planting the bulbs on this account. It is necessary to take a chance in the garden as elsewhere. The little crocuses are universal fa- vorites, and so cheap that one may plant them by the hundred. It Is true they are small, but the yellow ones especlally are very bright. The grape hyacinths are somewhat simi- lar as to size, but Interesting in their way. There are so many types and specles of narcissus that the seed men might simplify their catalogues of these with benefit to their sales, These in- clude the daffodils and jonquils, so popularly called, and admired by many as the most beautiful of the Spring flowers. Many persons, however, will always accord that place to the tulip, so gay, so sturdy, so varied, so susceptible to varled treatment, whether indoors or outdoors. The history of the tulip, too, so wrapped up with the life story of a great r: makes them among the most Interesting of all flowers. They are and must remain the best example of the bulb. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Coolidge luck has failed to function for the first time in the President’s career. That circumstance stands out with crystal clearness from amid the Republican carnage ef November 2. It dwarfs in_ significance the rising tide of “Al"” Smith’s fortunes, though the two events may prove not to be wholly unrelated. Throughout the land citizens will ask whether Sena- tor Butler’s defeat in Massachusetts means that Mr. Coolidge will now not aspire to succeed himself in 1928. The question would have been raised in any event. It became paramount the moment the President hurled himself personally and undividedly into the Massachusefts fight. “The “first major mistake in Coolldge strategy,” was the pre-election comment of his home State admirers, according to the authentic Boston Transcript. What they meant was this: had Butler suc- cumbed without the President’s Inter- vention, Coolldge could always have said that his aid might have saved the day. His prestige would not have been risked. Now that it was risked, and availed nofy the blow it has suffered is undeniable. L David I. Walsh's triumph in Massa- chusetts took the White House com- pletely by surprise. Within 10 days of election the President told Repub- lican leaders that he was entirely confident of Senator Butler’s victory. Mr. Coolidge manifestly was con- vinced that assurance would be made doubly sure by his personal appeal to Bay State voters. The overwhelm- ing bulk of opinion is that, in view of Massachusetts’ repudiation of his personal political lieutenant, Coolidge will not be a candidate for re-elec- tlon. No early announcement on that score need be expected. Tt is a subject on which the President will keep his own counsel until the eleventh hour. He may eventually convince himself that, even though Massachusetts had no faith in But- ler, neither it nor the Natlon at large has Indicated any lack of con- fidence in Coolidge. Time alone can tell. A Democratic or a Democratic- Insurgent-controlled Congress may disport itself in a manner to endear the President to the country beyond all present-hour imaginings. LR Gov. Smith’s feat in re-electing him- self by a colossal plurality and carry- ing the New York senatorship to vic- tory along with him puts “Al" at the top of the Democratic heap with a vengeance. He will either be the party’'s nominee for President in 1928 or decree who shall be. The power and prestige now his have not often been equaled by any political leader in modern American history. The Smith drive for victory at the next Democratic national convention will be prosecuted henceforward with in- creased intensiveness. Behind it is an argument it did not have before. Smith would have been formidable two years hence, whether he had brought about Senator Wadsworth's defeat or not. The governor’'s double- barreled triumph gives him almost ir- resistible claims on national leader- ship. * %k Ok Patriots with a passion for peering into the beyond will do well to keep an eye on Alben W. Barkley, senator- elect from Kentucky. In him, beyond the shadow of a doubt, lies the possi- bility of a Democratic white hope. He has retrieved an old-tima DNzmao- cratic border State for the party which had almost abandoned hope of re- covering the Blue Grass country. He is a dry of the drya. He is one of the darlings of organiged labor. He is young—49. He is @ Protestant. He is an uncommonly @ttractive speaker. He is a lawyer &nd former judge. That he will be o the 188 Demo- oratio national ticket, either at the head or at the tail, is here written down with calm confidence. * ok K X This observer spent the bulk of election night watching Democratic leaders in Washington at their agree- able task of recelving the returns of victory. They were cheerful winners. Men like Senators Swanson (Virginia), Ashurst (Arizona) and McKellar (Ten- nessee) were wreathed with the only smiles that have plastered Democratic countenances for 10 long, lean vears. Joy was unconfined. There was, of the most serene confidence that November, 1926, is handwriting on the wall, and a corresponding lick- ing of chops. Senator Swanson re- called with unconcealed glee that, be- ginning with 1874, after every “off year” in which one of the houses of Congress was captured by the Demo- crats, they followed it up by winning the presidency. Swanson avers that history has not lost the art of repeat- ing dtself. Senator Ashurst, who christened Representative Oldfleld, chairman of the Democratic congres- sfonal campalgn committee, “Willlam the ' Conqueror,” affirmed that the people had risen in belated, but bel- ligerent, wrath against the G. O. P. “Teapot Dome, Forbes, Daugherty, Fall, slush funds, ‘fake’ prosperity, ‘fake’ tax reduction, ‘fake’ economy— | these are the chickens that have come home to roost.” said the man who leads the Senate roll call. Represent- ative Upshaw of Georgla, unrenomi- nated Democrat dry, jollifled over Senator - Wadsworth's defeat. “Slc semper all nullificationists!” exclaimed the prohibitionist on crutches. * ok %k % If Republican administration con- trol In either house of Congress Is smashed, G. O. P. leaders already con- tend it may prove a blessing in dis. guise. President Coolldge, they point out, will not be deflected from his pro- gram of constructive legislation. Cas ing a political anchor to windward, he may branch out in wholly unex- pected directions. If Coolidge policis carrying a wide popular appeal, shou! be wrecked by a hostile House or Senate, the President's supporters profess confidence that his fortunes would only be advanced. In congres- sional defeat, In other words, might lie personal victory. There are signs of that kind of Republican whistling in the congressional graveyard, even at this early stage. | ‘ * kx x § ‘Wets and drys can figure out almost |any kind of a they please from yesterday's events. Mas. | sachusetts, New York ana Pennsyl. vania elected wets tothe Senate. Ken- tucky, Tllinots and half a dozen other States elected drys. Wayne B. Wheel- er proclaims that when the smoke of {battle has cleared away, it will be Ifound that his dry-spangled banner is “still there.” (Copyright. 1026.) “vindication” Consistency. From the Loutsville Times. Clarence Darrow sees nothing wrong in taking the life of a defective child. Unless, of course, it Is a defective child charged with murder. Worst Side Usually. From the Boston Transcript. There are two sides to a story, but the scandal'monger has use for only one. ¥ On the Jump. From the Boston Transeript. three is now One man out of e a motorist, leaving other two to wish they had been 5;’ kangaroos. ., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1926. Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. Now that the elections are over, | charges and countercharges of cor- rupton, the excessive use of money and the domination of maghine poli- tics will be renewed. In faet, the | disclosures_before the Senate investi- i gating committee, headed by Senator “Jim” Reed of Missouri, in the Penn- sylvania and Ind.ana senatorial pr maries will be followed Ly fierce con- tests in the Benate itself. When Wil- liam S. Vare, elected yesterday as a Republican to succeed Senator George Wharton Pepper of Pennsylvania, and Col. Frank L. Smith of Illinois, Republican, elected to succeed Sen- ator William B. McKinley, present themselves with their credentials, their right to be seated, or to remain seated, If they be given seats, will be challenged. * ok ok % The Senate is the sole judge, under the Constitution, of the qualifications of its memvers. Unless the Senate meets earlier in speclal session, the contest over these Senators will not take place until 'December, 1927. Feeling against them may have waned or increased by that time. On the eve of a presidential campaign, when the Democrats will be intent on making a case against their Republican oppe nents, it may be presumed that the charges against both these Republican Senators will be pressed with great vigor. Furthermore, a number of Republican Senators from the West, during their campaigns for re-election, announced they would vote against seating either Vare or Smith should they be elected. There is, too, the pro- gressive bloc on the Republican side of the chamber, who almost to a man may be expected to resist the seating of these Senators-elect, including Nor- ris of Nebraska, who campaigned in vania against Vare, La Fol- lette of Wisconsin, Brookhart of Iowa, Frazier and Nye of North Dakota. * k ok ok Veteran Senators divide over the question whether Vare and Smith must be seated upon presentation of their credentials, properly signed by the governors of their respective States, or whether they may be chal- lenged before being seated. Senator Borah of Idaho, for example, has ven- tured the opinion that these Senators must first be seated, and that it may even take a two-thirds majority to oust them. But other Senators take an opposite_view. They cite the case of Senator Nye of North Dakota and of Frank P. Glass of Alabama, ap- pointed Senator a decade ago. Both presented credentials signed by the governors of their States, in due form, but neither was permitted to be seated when their credentials were formally laid before the Senate. Their creden- tials were sent to the committee on privileges and elections, and the is- sues were fully debated before the Senate voted on seating them. Nye was seated and Glass was not. In both cases the right of a governor to fill a vacancy temporarily in the Senate, without express authority from the State Legislature, was challenged. The fact that the Senate seated Nye and failed to seat Glass, although the cases were practically on all four: an indication that it is not alw wise to predict how the Senate will act in a given case. * kK * The argument that after Smith and Vare have been seated, if they be seated, a two-thirds vote will be re- quired to unseat them, does not jibe with all the precedents. For example, Lorimer, once a Senator from Illi- nois, occupied his seat two vears and then was ousted on a majority vote because of fraud in his election. When former Senator Newberry of Michi- gan, Republican, was under fire in the Senate because of alleged large expenditures in the Michigan primary and election several years ago, there was no suggestion during the long debate on his right to retain his seat | that it required a two-thirds vote to oust him. Yet he had been formally seated ‘immediately upon presenta- tion of his credentials and had taken part In the organization of the Sen- ate. By a narrow margin Newberry retained his seat. * K ok Ok Roars from other States than Illinols and Pennsylvania may be ex- pected. _In Massachusetts, former Senator David I. Walsh, Democratic victor over Senator Willlam M. But- ler, openly charged that in New Bed- ford votes were being purchased for Butler. In Indiana efforts have been made to link up Senator “Jim” Wat- son and Senator Robinson, both Re publicans, with the Ku Klux Klan, and charges have been widely made that the Klan controlled and improp- erly used money and Influence in| Indiana elections. A grand jury has been Investigating charges that D. C. | Stephenson, former grand dragon o the Indiana Klan, and now a “lif for the murder of an Irfdlanapolis girl under peculiarly brutal circumstances, corruptly used his influence for candi- dates for office. Should this grand jury find anything_involving one or both of the United States Senators with Stephenson and his activities, it might go hard with them in the Senate. * kK % One thing appears certain, the de- mand for abolishment of the primary system of nominating candidates for the Senate will grow in volume. Vice President Dawes, speaking recently before the national convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia, took a rap at the primary laws and the manner in which they operate. “Personally I belleve that the primary system should be largely abolished,” said the Vice President, “and that if we follow the theory and plan of representative Government laid down In our Constitution by pro- viding for nominating by conventions, a better and more impartial class of candidates will result.” This statement by Vice President Dawes, a native of Illinols, is indica- tive that the sentiment against the primaries is not confined to the East. ‘The excessive expenditures and cor- ruption developed in some of the primaries this year have given the system the worst black eye It has 1had since it came generally into vogue. * ok K ¥ Gov. Al Smith's victory in New York yesterday makes it practically certain he will be a leading contender {for the Democratic nomination for | President in 1928. He is a Catholic and a wet. But he is the outstanding figure today in the Democratic party. The northern Democracy, whose back- bone is the Irish-American Catholic ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. What 1s the record number of eggs for a hen to lay in one year?— C.R. M. A. The record s 345. This record was made by a white leghorn in New Zealand. In the United States the record is 335. This record was madc in the State of Washington. Q. What is the origin of the term “Cracker” as applied to the country people of Georgia?—L. L. G. A. Harris M. King, a Georgian, says that it originated in Savannah in much this fashion: “Countrymen would come into the city in ‘their carts, bringing their products for sale to the city, and after disposing of what they had, would buy what they required for their country homes. They always came in droves, and I can recall in my boyhood days seeing as many as 15 or more carts in the procession, coming and going. Arriv- ing here one day, they would remain untll the following morning before returning, carting spaces being espe- clally provided for them, and the most of them slept In their carts. When leaving, they would start very early, about daylight, and as they went out they would begin cracking their whips, which would probably sound like a pack of firecrackers going off; the re- sult being that the city folks would be awakened, and they would say. ‘There goes those damn crackers again!’ From this, the term ‘Cracker’ was applied to practically all of the country people of Georgia, and it is sometimes used in_designating the country people of North and South Cirolina and Florida.” Q. How many kinds of insects are there?—L. C. A. There are about 200,000. Q. Is there any such thing as the sun’'s being either slow or fast at any time of the yeai W. G. R. A. The Naval Observatory says that the apparent dally motion of the sun not being perfectly uniform, it does nct ordinarily cross a standard time merddian exactly at noon by the clock, and is therefore said to be slow or fast, as the case may be. The dif- ference between clock and sun is greatest in the first part of November, when the sun is over 16 minutes ahead of the clock. The variability in the apparent motion of the sun is due to the equator of the earth not being in the plane of its orbit, and the orbit not being circular, but slightly elliptical. Q. What is the fickname of Bucha- rest, the capital of Rumania?—G. T. A Bucharest is often called “The Paris of the Orlent.” Q. Is there any duty on inexpensive Christmas glfts sent into Canada?— W A. The Department of Commerce says inexpensive Christmas gifts may be sent to Canada free of duty if marked on the outside of the package “Christmas gifts, not to be sold.” Q. How many freight cars are there in use in the United States?—V. K. A. The total number of freight cars in service at the end of the year, De- cember 31, 1925, was 2,387,543. Q. Is the number of farms in the United States known?—L. L. A. As_enumerated by the United Stat Bureau of the Census there were 6,372,263 in 1925. Q. Does Mrs. Woodrow Wilson have the privilege of franking her letters?—C, O. M. A. The Post Office Department says that there was a special act on March 4, 19 glving the franking privilege to Mrs. Edith Galt Wilson. This act was passed too late to be included in the rules and regulations of the Post Office Department, the last copy of which was published In 1924. Q. What Is the difference in mean- ing between ‘“obsolescent” and ‘“‘ob- solete”?—W. K. A. “Obsolete” conveys the idea that a thing has gone out of use, no longer practiced or accepted. *Obso- lescent” conveys the idea that the Eulogies of Thomas Mott Osborne, the late prison reformer and philan- thropist of New York, serve to remind the present generation that only a few years ago some of the greatest States in the Unifon permitted scandalous treatment of inmates of their penal institutions. Mr. Osborne, for all his sentiment, was not a sentimentalist, as the Bangor Dally Commercial points out, ying: “He did not t the crook or seek to defeat the aims of justice. It was a man-to-man proposition with Mr. Osborne. The criminal who really desired to mend his ways always found a ready helper in him, but he was rarely mistaken in his judgment of men.” The Ralelgh News and Ob server, in reviewing Osborne's life and work, says: “He made a large contri- bution to the prison reform movement because he did not fool himself with false idcas. He undertook to get the facts-and to deal with them as facts after he got them.” In this connec- tion the Richmond News-Leader quotes the following from some of the reformer's own utterances: *‘I have not a single theory or idea about this prison game that I am not ready to alter or throw away the moment 1t bumps up against a fact.” " The picture drawn of Mr. Osborne by the Syracuse Herald is that of “a man of cultivated tastes and many- sided interests and enthuslasms” in additlon to his zeal for prison reform “Inheriting wealth and a large indus trial trust,” says the Herald, “he dem- onstrated,” while he was still a com- paratively young man, his disinclina tion to the engrossing cares of bust ness and his partiality for political and sociological problems, and, inci- dentally, for the refining influence of lart. He had a passion for musie, of which he was an accomplished stu- dent and exponent.” * %k ¥ ¥ “Thomas Osborne dies. But his work endures and i{s his best monu- —_————— souri, and Is expected to profit through Haw success. Indeed, Reed has be- come the outstanding political figure in Missour! today. He is an out- standing figure in the Senate. If the vote, is ready to go to the mat for Al Smith. If it does, longed struggle In the Democratic na- tional convention looms, with all the dire possibilities of another Madison Square Garden flasco. ‘The defeat of Wadsworth for the Senate and Mills for Governor of New York leaves the Republican party in a state of chaos In the Emnire State. The effort to give the leadership of the party there a wet tinge has proved disastrous. What the reorgani- | orats for the man who opposed the | zation of the Republicans will be, If there 18 one, Is still a matter of doubt. The party has been strongly dry In the past, and when it has turned to wet candidates, as in the case of former Senator Calder and Senator Watson, it has met with defeat. The Democratic party, with two United another pro- | Democrats undertake to make cor- ruption and excessive campaign ex- penditures a real issue In the next na- tional campaign against the Repub- licans, where could they find a bet- ter leader than the chairman of the committee which turned up Pennsyl- vania and Illinois political corrup- tion? He is a candidate made to hand. He would make a sizzling campaign. But his availability is lessened be- cause of the hatred of Wilson Demo- late President Wilson in his dearest ambition, the establishment of a League of Nations including the United States. ERE Republican leaders in both Senate and House came through the elections thing is passing out of use, that it will become obsolets. Q. How many locks are thers in the Chicago Canal”’—J., J. F. A. There is one lock in the Chicago Sanitary Canal. This is 28 miles from Chicago. Q. How much ravon s produced an- nually and what countries manufac- ture {t?—C. T. W A. The _Natlonal Dyers and Cleaners world output for 1925 has been estl mated at 185,000,000 pounds. At the present time ru ade in the United Canada., Germany, glum, Switzerland, Holland, Austris, Poland, Czechoslovakfs, Japan, Hun- gary, Spaln, Sweden and Russia. Q. What has been America’s great- est contribution to medicine?—X. S. P, A. That would be a matter of opin- fon, but one of America's great contributions was the discovery of the use of anesthetics for operations. Q. Are more automobiles registered zh_l; ases than there were last year? A. For the first six months of 1926 there was a 10 per cent increase in registration over the same period of time In 1925. From January 1 to June 30, 1926, the vehicles registered numbered 19,697,832, Q. What harbor leads in the ex- portation of grain?—T. A. A. Montreal is the largest grain exporting harbor in the world and handles more than a billlon dollars’ worth of products of all kinds an nually. Q. Who are Queen Marie's sisters” —A. M. S. A. Queen Marie is the eldest daugh- ter of the Duke of Edinburgh, and therefore a sranddaughter of Queen Victoria. She Is the cousin of King George V of England. !er sisters are Princess Vi a, the wife of Grand Duke Cyril of Russia; Princess Alexandra, who married Prince Er- nest of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and the Infanta Beatrice of Spain. Q. Do the European nations have agricultural experiment stations ltke those in this country?—B. F. A. The foreign experiment stations are quite different from those In America. They select certain well de- fined lines of work and continue ft for years. These experiment sta- tions do not possess the equipment for distributing their Information among the people. Thelir reports are issued In limited editions and are not always easy to secure. Bulletins of information are not issued to any ex- tent as they are In the United States. ‘The work of the stations appears to be largely investigation, control of fertilizers, feeds and seeds, but not distribution and dissemination of a cultural information. While the Eu- ropean stations are doing careful scientific work, authorities belleve that our experiment stations are doing bet- ter work for the advancement of prac- tical agriculture. Q. In what States was daylight saving observed as a State-wide meas- ure?—H. L. H. A. Daylight saving was in effeot during the Summer of 1926 in New York State and Massachusetts. No other State passed a State-wide meas- ure for this purpose, although there, were various local regulations. Find _out whatever you want to know. There is no room for ignorance in this busy world. The person who loses out is the one who giesses. The person who gets on is always the one who acts upon reliable information. This paper employs Frederic J. Has- kin to conduct an information bureaw in Washington for the free use of the public. There is mo charge except 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Write to him today for any facts you desire. Address The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. 0. Press Joins in Praising Work Of Thomas Mott Osborne exclaims the New Orleans Item. “He made mistakes, but he accomplished much. Mr Oshorne’s theorles and work, together with the work and reports of other prison stu- dents, are included in many books which any intellicent reader can um- derstand. It would be a good thing for the State if more citizens read them and developed an Interest in these problems and movements, in- ad of indulging in maudlin senti- ment over a few convicted murderers facing the gallows, while deploring the crime wave." Osborne, says the Reno Evening Ga- zette. was “recognized as a man that understood the offender against the law better, probably, than anybody else in the State of New York, and his views were eagerly sought by crimi. nologists and reformers in all parts the world. As far as he was eble,’” this paper adds, “he carried his views into «ffect at Sing Sing Panitentlary, but he was in wlvance of his time and he fell victim at last to the machina- tlons of Tammany Hall, which he always had fought in political life.” The New York Herald Tribune praises Mr. Osborne as having been “one of the few men In the State will- ing to use his wealth and his ability for the common good,” and contin- ues: “He did much for Auburn, his own city, where he conducted a news. paper, and served the State whenever the opportunity offered.” Declaring that Mr. Osborne ‘had something of a crusader's spirit.,” the New York Times sums up his iInflu- ence on his time and on later genera- tlons in the words: “Our whole atti- tude toward the prisoner has changed for the better. History will accord to Mr. Osborne the special honor that he deserves for helping to bring about this improvement.” The Times credits him with having been ‘“‘unquestion- ably one of the greatest Influences of the last generation for the ameliora- tion of American prisoners.” * X F ¥ ment,” Plcturing the reformer as a tireless | secker after facts rather than an ad. venturer In quest of novel theorles, the Asheville Times concludes: “He had executive abllity and an abundant faith In human nature among those we call criminals no less than In the human nature of those who never fall !afoul of the law. Because he had this ! faith fn humanity, it was easy for him to win the confidence of the trans- gressor and to use the Influence of a magnetic personality In establishing a code of honor among men who had come to feel that they were lost tc | honor.” As to the movement toward prison reform to which Mr. Osborne's efforts ! gave such strong Impetus. the Phia- | delphia Bulletin say8: “The old sys- }tfim is gone for good In the more en |lightened communities. Provision of {work for the Inmates, opportunities l(ur the man willing to work to profit !for himself and his family by his in States Senators, a majority of the|yesterday unscathed. Senator Charles | dustry and skill, fairness, but no soft. House delegation and a governor, is|Curtis of Kansas, Republican leader | ness, in enforcing prison discipline, in full sway in New York today. in the upper house, ran true to form. adaptation of the prison life to help- By the election yesterday of Harry |Speaker Longworth won in Ohio and |ing a man that has the will to reclaim B. Hawes, Democrat, as Senator from Missouri, another had his incipient presidential boom measurably advanced. Senator “Ji Reed of Missouri backed Fawes, Majority Leader Tilson had little it is expect will be reelected to his esent of in the next Congress, d presidef,cal beed are reported al- | himself and become a useful citizen on strong Democrat | difficulty in Connecticut. The Speaker, | liberation—these are the principles ot enlightened penologists, whose sound- ness s not destroyed by occasional or frequent abuses in thelr attempted helped to unite the Democracy of Mis- ready to be 'ouzzing about his head. application.”