Evening Star Newspaper, September 25, 1926, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASBHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY. .. September 25, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company RELS oy New York Office Office: Tower Build: Chicag, Ezropean Sfiwtr‘:lm ent St., Office 85 110 East The Evenine Star. with the Su.dsy morn. fne edition in deiiverad by carriers b city at’ 60 centa B, month: di A %2 cenis per month: Sundass oniy. 20 cen - Orders may be sent by mail or one Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 85 Baily and sunasr All Other States and Canada. yr. 8120 aily and Sunday.. aily only .......1 Sunday only ...Il1yrl aily only . Sunday only " 1mo., $1,00 'l'rlm * 780 4.00; 1mo.. 38¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of ail news dis- atches credited 1o it or not otherwiss ted n this paper the local news in. of publication published her of special dit also reserved Impertant Trafic Regulations. Two important traffic regulations have been adgpted by the Commission- ers on recommendation of Director Eldridge. One effectually removes the ageold excuse of motorists driving without permits that they were ‘‘just learning” by requiring a thirty-day learner's permit, and the other con- trols pedastrian traffic at points where the automatic lights are in operation. The new learner’s permit rule is the first of its kind in Washington, al- though other cities have used it suc- cessfully for years. It provides mere- 1y that the motorist who wishes an operator's permit must first apply for a learner's card, which entitles him to drive through the streets accompanied by an instructor. Serious accidents have been caused by persons who are too lazy, too care- less or too incompetent to take out permits. When asked by the arrest- ing officer for their operator's cards the almost invariable excuse is that they were just learning to drive. The new regulation eliminates this class of offender and requires that every one behind the wheel of an automobile in the District must be possessed of some kind of a permit. The pedestriane regulation is the second of its kind in Washington, although it has been slightly modified from the first experiment. It requires 2ll pedestrians to obey the automatic lights and provides penalties for vio- lations the same as are inflicted on motorists. A courtesy period will be allowed and officers will be stationed at inter. sections to distribute “warning" slips to those who disobey. When the end of this period is announced by the traffic office arrests will be made and pedestrians will face penalties in court. Both of these regulations will work to the henefit of the National Capital. Fake “learners” will no longer menace law-abidipg traffic, while pedestrians will not only make it easier and safer for themselves by obeying the lights, but will promote the smooth running of traflic on automatically controlled streets. The loose threads of the traffic sit- yation in Washington are being grad- 1 \lly gathered in by the traffic office, \ * police and the Commissioners. 1 tterments are being constantly ef- fected and there appears to be no rea- son for anything but optimism in re- gard to the future. e Reservation five is under discussion. It claims for the U. §. A. a right to limit the extent to which disputes in which this country may be involved are to be submitted to outside discre- tion. It may be inferred from various European developments that outside discretion is not yet a tangible and re- lisble article. e —r——— Employment and Politios. “The prospects for full Fall ployment are bright” in the trles of the United States. This ing prophecy comes from the rtment of Labor, which main- reful survey of employment ' throughout the country. This survey reveals the fact that not only was the volume of employment in July maintained in August, but gains were made last month in many of the major industries. Take for example the automobile industry. Forces employed in a num- ber of factories have been augmented and indications are that they will be still further increased.. Employment | in the coal mining {ndustry, both bituminous and anthracite, has been on the While there has a of labor in recent in the bituminous fields, this surplus is so much diminished that a scarcity of such labor is re- ported certain sections of West Virginia Two industries new em- indus- increase. surplus now in which have not shown well in the matter of employ- ment in recent months, the boot and shoe and textile industries, are perk- ing up a bit, though admittedly there is still room for improvement. Inci- dentally it is this lack of employment in these industries that is giving the | Republicans cause for worry in the elections in Massachusetts. Indica- tlons that some of the factories and mills of New England are on the upgrade doubtless will be welcomed. During the World War, when mil- lons upon millions of shoes were needed for che Army. the shoe in-| dustry took a great jump in this | country. Hundreds of new concerns sutered the industry. The plaint of some of the older shoe manufactur- ing firms today is that e industry is still overcrowded. So far as the tex- dile industry is concerned, particular- ty in New England. competition from the mills of the South, which have been largely developed in recent years, and competition from abroad, where wages are low and production { costs at a minimum, compared to those in the United States, have caused the shutdown of some mills and part-time operation of others. | Ithan had been estimated, is a signal that the tariff duties on cotton and woolen goods are too low. But with ithe farmers of the West clamoring that they do'not get the full benefit of the tariff, there has been an indis- position on the part of Republican leaders to force an amendment to the tariff law. Perhaps the demand for a change in the duties by the textile mili owners and operatives will grow too strong during the next Congress. Employment on the railroads has showni an increase, due in peart to the movement of grain to the markets. Metal mining s active and there is a shortage of labor in that industry, and the lumber industry is again on the increase. Construction, including both bulld- ings and road making, is proceeding in great volume throughout the coun- try. The great majority of the build- ing trades men are fully employed in all parts of the United States. This work gives employment also to a large number of semi-skilled and un- skilled workers. The report of the Department of Labor shows that this character of work and employment is especially brisk in the District of Columbla, where the building pro- gram is extensive. The entire country, the depart- ment’s survey indicates, is partaking of the benefits of business activity and the consequent large employ- ment of labor—an {ll tinle for the Democrats to rely for their campaizgn issues on the protective tariff and at- tacks on the administration's eco- nomic policles. When workmen walk the streets, looking for jobs, the political applecart is frequently upset, but not often when labor is well amployed. e The, People's Safety Valve. New York is welcoming a new champlon today: It has scarcely re- gained its voice after roaring accla- mations to Gertrude Ederle and Mrs. Corson, the Channel swimmers, when it 1s called on to greet another New Yorker who has gained international honors in the realm of sport. The erstwhile Marine, Gene Tunney, con- queror of Jack Dempsey, and there- fore wearer of the crown of pugil- ism as the heavyweight world cham- pion, is arriving from the Philadel phia battleground, headed for Green- wich Village, where he lives. The mayor of New York is on hand with a big key of the city, and other digni- taries are present with their best smiles, and the usual tens of thou- sands of sensation seekers are throng- ing the streets, while some hundreds of New York's “finest” are there to keep order. Tt is a typical New York gala day. Championship in sport is certain to arouse the popular emotions higher than any other form of achievement. Can the muscles of a man or a ‘woman stand & certain kind of strain a little longer than those of another? Can the feet or the arms move faster than those of a competitor? Can the pall be hit harder, or the fist more swiftly and vigorous punched, or the toes move more speedily? Ring the old fire alarm bell and turn out the militia! Deck the town with flags and hire a band! Round up the mayor and the councilmen, the leading townsmen and the common or garden citizens and have them make speeches and dedicate their voices to the cause of heroism! The world loves a hero. It cheers a conquering soldier, a victorious statesman, a great discoverer, a dar- ing adventurer. But it especially loves a hero of sport. If on the same day two people reached town, home- coming, the one a man who had solved the problem of Europe's financial dif- ficulties to the complete satisfaction of everybody, the other & man, or a woman, who had gained the laurels of championship in some field of sport, which would get the loudest cheers from the largest crowds? Can there be any doubt? It is just as well that this should be so. Emotional enthusiasm for a win- ner is wholesome. The complexities of political achievement do not stir the spirits of the crowds as deeply as the simplicities of specific physical ac- complishment. It requires no expla- Nation to tell of the triumph of Gene Tunney. The simplest understanding can grasp the fact that he met the champion in the ring and beat him. So give him the best the voice can render in the way of cheers, and the best the bands can do in music, and the best the officials can yield in the way of speeches and keys to the city. For his day, now so bright, will eventually wane and another cham- pion will be coming. for his vociferous | welcome in turn. Championships are fleeting roles and their holders’ are entitled to all the noise and honors that accrue to thm, while they last, ——————————— It may be that the American public has a “single track mind.” When a pugilistic or base ball championship is involved nothing in the way of poli- tics or finance has a chance for con- sideration. —_— re————— The Surplus and the Republicans. The increase in the collections of income and miscellancous taxes above the expectations of the Treasury De- partment, promising a greater Treas- ury surplus at the end of the vear for attack upon the Republican ad- ministration by the Democratic lead- ers. They clamor for another and immediate reduction in the Kederal tax rates. President Coolldge and Secretary Mellon, on the other hand, decline to be shaken from their po- sition that it would be unwise during the coming short session of Congress to amend the tax laws. They hold that the time will have been too short really to demonstrate completely the results which may be expected from the new tax law, put through at the last session. They hold, too, that it would be unwise to cut the taxes to the bone, since a slight change in the | business conditions of the country might then bring about a reduction in tax receipts and a deficit in the Treasury, to be followed by an in- crease in taxes. This seems to be sound finunce and common sense. Further, the Republican administra- tion is bent upon paying off as much of the public debt during this next THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, time to pay debts is when the Treas. | ury is in good shape and money is plentiful. ¢ Democrats who are clamoring for a further tax reduction immedi- ately are gambling with the future. It is not likely that the American people will be anxious to gamble with them, despite the alluring suggestion of immediate further reduction of Federal taxes. The Democratic lead-; ers say that the Republicans are post- poning the reduction of taxes until the Winter of 1927-28, so as to reap advantage from it in the presidential campaign and election in 1928. But the Democrats themselyes are playing politics with this matter of tax reduction in the midst of the present congressional campaign. They are telling the people that if they will elect a Democratic Senate and a Democratic House six weeks hence it will mean a further reduction of the taxes without. delay. Of course, the new Congress will not convene in regular session until December, 1927, and the Democrats, therefore, even if in control of one or both houses of Congress, could”not serious- ly attempt tax reduction until that time. The one chdnce that they would have to bring about a speclal session of the new Congress after March 4 next, at which tax reduction could be considered, would ‘be to fili- buster during the coming short ses- sion of the old Congress, preventing passage of the necessary appropria- tion bills for the Government. But the Democrats would take a long chance if they staged such a filibuster. T'he people generally do not look with vor on 8uch tactics, The wisdom of the administration or Mellon plan of taex reduction is clearly indicated in the swelling tax receipts. Yet who so violent in at- tack upon the Mellon tax plan as some of the Democratic leaders? The Democrats today are deriding claims made by the Republicans that the country is prosperous under Repub- lican rule. Yet whoever heard of tax receipts increasing after a reduction in tax rates in a country whose pros- perity was on the down grade? Out of their own mouths are the Demo- crats confounded. When it comes to the business management of the coun- try; the people have usually put their faith in the G. O. P. Nor are there in- dications, at this stage, that they will turn to the Democrats, s The backers of Jack Dempsey got off rather easily in view of the betting odds, which at no time reflected the confidence expressed in the sporting gossip. < —e—s “Sesquicentennial” is a long, hard word. For purposes of popular attend- ance “prize fight" is much more easily understood. — e In a puglilistic contest there is al- Ways one satisfaction. The gate re- ceipts are so liberal that there is al- ways money enough to go around. ————————— The works of Beethoven and Chepin still live with vital force. They are helping to make the reputation of many a radio announcer. ———r——— The crowd has grown so great that it may become necessary to de- vise a system of permits to swim the English Channel. —~—— A prize ring champion is strongly tempted to become an epicurean. If he desires to hold his title long h should become an ascetic. y ———— Apparently Tunney regarded it as his mission to demonstrate that the Marines are all kinds of fighters, —_—— e A warm wave in September is no longer remarkable. It has become a meteorological habit. o SHOOTING STARS. ’ Let's have a jolly time some night. Let's go and see a ten-round fight, And if the tickets leave us broke We'll simply take it as a joke, We'll sit with' patience in the rain Regardless of rheumatic pain, And shout, since other talk we lack, “Hurrah for Jack!" The sirloin steak is on the grill, ‘The coffee brings u luscious thrill, The favorite book is on the shelf; At home one might enjoy himself. But we must up and far away To find at last the chance to say As we observe the shifting scene, “‘Hurrah for Gen No Gratuitous Performer. “You were never known to get so angry as to threaten to strike a blow?"” “Why should rejolned Senator Sorghum. “I haven't access to the pugllistic market where a good jolt might be worth a million dollars.” Roads to Riches. Economize on every lunch And save your health. This is, Ben Franklin had a hunch, The way to wealth. The pugilist who seeks to grab A pot of gold May by a single well placed jab Gain wealth untold. Jud Tunkins says a musical show is something to look at, and a dramatic show is something to listen to. Talent Recognized. “Do you believe in corporal punish- ment “Not any more,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “I took my boy Josh in the barn and punished him proper. All he said was, ‘Father, I wish you'd join our jazz band. You'd make a bully bass drummer.’ " The Travelers. Our bootleg trew is awful. There's death in drink unlawful. The gallant steamship is afloat And crowds are making for the boat: “Money,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is powerful not because of the few who love it but because of the many who fear it. “De envy of a friend,” saidfi'ncle Eben, “is many times more D. C, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Conkratulations, ladies! ‘We mean gn sticking to the small hats this Fall. If you had not done 80, our reputation as a prophet would have been severely wrenched. Last June, in an article on the big hats then being worn, we unhesitat. ingly predicted that the girls would come back to small hats, would never give them up, in fact. » THis opinion was based upon our idea that women have evolved a new psychology in dress, while gticking to their old ideas, too. There is no reason why women must be consistent, if some men think tHey should. Women have a divine right to go In for one thing at one mn. and ‘for just the opposite the Out of all this turmoll, however. is emerging, if it has not already emerged (we rather think it has), a new way of thinking by women in respect to their clothes. 5 Recall the hideous hat creations of 1900 and thereabouts. The hats stuck up on top of the head, and every woman wore her hat that way, no matter whether it made her look silly or not. ' i Silly or not, it was Fashion. Fashion has got to show her stuff today. None of our Washington girls, for instance, is putting a hat way up on top of her head just-be- cause some designer in Paris says that is “‘what they are wearing.” “Style {s the man,"” said Buffon, speaking of writing. Style is the lady, speaking of dress. * ok ok ok Today there are countless thousands of fair ladies (more or less) through- out the country who wear clothes be- cause they look good upon them, and not because they appear in the shop windows. The small hat is a splendid instance of this. Much elaborate “panning” of the little head covering has been indulged in, especially by older women who were brought up in a different school. The bobbed-halr “craze,” so-called, has proved to be no craze at all, but a permanent, sensible and beautiful style. It is largely responsible, bobbed hair, for the vogue of the small hat, There is something decidedly “chic,” as the advertisements like to say, about the conibination of bobbed hair and a small hat. The two go together. Things that naturally go together are always interesting. That is why all the world loves a lover, as the saying has it. Bobbed hair must be seen under a hat to be effective in a feminine sort of way, which is the way under consideration, of course. The small hat allows the hair to peep out from under the brim, whereas the six-gal- lon affair hides most of it. ‘Women who do not make the most of their hair are losing one of their largest chances for charm, another desirable femining characteristic, and one too well known to need any addi- tional comment here. ‘ * ok ok K The typical American girl's face has a certain touch of roguishness about it (and this {s not intended as a joke, either!). Bright eyes, tip-tilted nose, wavy hair, smiles of health and happiness— she is the typical American whether she be beautiful, pretty, or only so-s0, does not make so much differencs. The small hat is the definite crown- ing article of wearing apparel fof this glorious creature. It gives a “kick” to her whole appearance, a snap and verve not found in the large hat. The selection of the little affair, of course, must be done with taste. Simplicity is more and more gaining the upper hand in the matter of women’s clothes, but nowhere is this more strikingly emphasized than in the hat. Small boys of yesterday passed un- favorable comment on the large feathers which adorned the hats of that vintage. The intricate hats of the Gibson-girl era have given place to the universal favorite of 1926, the small felt, which is seen on every head. Get out your Gibson album and compare the absurd hats therein with the ones you will see on the streets today. It is not the fact that today is “now,” and 1900 was “then,” that makes the difference. In an eternal comparison of value, as if done by an angel on a star, the hat of today is far, far in advance of the hat of that curious time when women had not learned to pick and choose for themselves. * ok ok % The girls are taking a leaf out of their brothers' book, in this regard. Men have always had more or less dard clothes, in suits and hat Minor changes from year to yea have not affected the general style. Conservative professional and busi- ness men of 1926 look much as the same types did in 1900. Their outer apparel is practically the same, with some ‘variation in the hat outlines. The derby is a distinct loser in the race with the felt hat. Some of this common sense of dress is now being taken over by the women, even by the flappers, who are no way. near as foolish as some would try to make them out to be. There has been too much guff about the' flappers. After all, a flapper is just a girl, and a girl is just a human being, not a rhinocer. > or something. The small hat is the perfect in- stance of common sense applied to women's dress. Bobbed hair called for a hat of its own, with special fea- tures. The critics deplored in vain. This hat was found to be quite as distinctly feminine as the large on and, strange to say, quite as “dressy. In addition, as a sports hat, it was unique. Formerly women only had “toques” and “tams” (we believe we have those right) in the small hat field, now they have a wide range of styles, with- all sorts of dents in the crowns, and all manner of brims, straight, rolled up and down, et If a gal will just be persistent in her search, she can find a hat that will make fier look like an angel out on a lark. ‘What more could any woman ask than that? ‘Your husband, madam, may not know one hat from another, but if you hit just the right combination— hat, features, hair, smile and eyes—he will sense the difference. Every hus- band, in secret, wants his wife to look like a flapper. 'BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS, The Department of State is under investigation. Itssecretary, Mr. Frank B. Kellogg, {s put under cross-exami- nation and required to answer cate- gorically as to the authority by which he dares sanction the sending of two United States war vessels into Chi- nese waters, under pretense of pro- tecting American interests. Already Americans have been kill- ed and considerable property of Ameri- can merchants and missionaries is ‘in Jjeopardy, but the professor of Chris- tian ethics, Dr. Harry F. Ward of the Union Theological Seminary, “in- quires to know” the exact treaty, clause and paragraph by which the Government of the United States un- dertakes to invade Chinese waters, Behind the inquirer stands the “So- clety for Justice to China.” * Kk ok Inquiry as to the record and affilia- tlons of the insistent investigator of the State Department brings the re- port of responsible authorities that Dr. Ward recently spent considerable time in Russia, studying Russian methods and ideals, after which he visited China and there made numerous ad- dresses—through an interpreter—ad- vising the distracted Chinese to copy Russia and be as happy as the Soviets. Dr. Ward is active in his affilla- tions with the Chinese in the United States, and he charges American dereliction of duty as it _appears to, his Chinese associates. This alleged American injustice arouses the ire of the “Society for Justice to China” —the house that is divided against itself. Besides, it is said that Dr. ‘Ward does not believe in navies or armies and is opposed to war. Hence Secretary Kellogg will face “in prin- ciple” a real opponent in the pro- fessor of Christian ethics, unless he withdraws protection from our mis- sionaries and merchants. * k ¥ % ‘While the Department of State has not yet answered the demand, there are certain fundamental treaties which are. pointed out, although the Government has never attempted to follow up all our “rights” under “the most favored nation” clause of. the treaty of 1858, for those “right: would enable us to protect American importation of opium - into China under our Government sanction, in accord with the Anglo-China treaty of 1843. In 1735, Warren Hastings, Viceroy to Indla, enunciated the basis of England’s attitude on the opium trade as follows: “Opium is not a necessity of life, but a pernicious article of luxury, which ought not to be permitted ex- cept for purposes of foreign com- merce only, and which fhe wisdom of the government should carefully re- strain from internal consumption.” The “wisdom of the government” of England fought and won the opium war in 1843, and gained the treaty right to force opium onto China, and, as the French' government in 1844 secured a still broader treaty, we have had, since 1858, the full benefit thereof, under our general rights to enjoy every privilege accorded to the “most favored nation.” Our treaty of 18538, article 30, pro- vides: “The contracting parties hereby agree that should at any time the Ta Tsing Empire grant to any nation, or the merchants or citizens of any na- tion, any right, privilege or favor, connected elther with navigation, commerce, political or other inter course, which is not conferred by this such right, privilege and fa- vor shall at once freely inure to the benefit of the United States, its pub- lic officers, merchants and citizens.” In our treaty-of 1844, made imme- diately foilcwing the English victory in the opium war, article 33 provided —and it is still in force—as follows: “!Citizens of the United States who shall attempt to' trade clandestinely with such of the ports of China as who shall trade in opium or any con- traband articles of merchandise, shall be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese government without being entitled to any countenance or pro- tection from the United States; and the United Stated will take measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subjects of other nations as a cover for the violation of the laws of the empire.” The present republic of China rec- ognizes all treatles existing when it was organized, until they are abro- gated or amended. There can be no pretense, therefore, say our officials, that the presence of American war vessels in the district of disturbance has any ulterfor motive of forcing contraband trade in oplum or any- thing else; it is solely for the safety of missionaries and other Americans, which ‘in no sense i violates Christian * K ¥k In earlier days shipping in Chinese waters was preyed upon by innu- merable pirates. In addition to the pirates, during the first dozen years of the last century English warships made a practice of hoarding Ame: ican vessels in Chinese harbors, as well as upon the high seas, to search for alleged “English deserters” to force them into English service—the approaching cause of our War of 1812. The piracy continued many years after the War of 1812 had put a stop to the Znglish outrages, so that when we made our second treaty ‘with China in 1858 article 9 provided: “‘And the United States of America agree that in case of the shipwreck of any American vessel, and its being pillaged by pirates, or in case any American vessel shall be pillaged without being shipwrecked, the na- tional vessels of the United States (war vessels) shall pursue the said pirates, and, if captured, deliver them over for trial and punishment. The practice under this clause has been that the Chinese government be- headed the pirates turned over by American captors. The clause sanc- tions American ‘‘pursuit,” which nat- urally followed wherever the pirates fled—usually up the rivers far inland. There are other detailed provisions in the treatles giving Americans the right of self-protection, but Govern- ment authorities do not hesitate to say that even if such treaty provi- slons did not exist, the law of self- protection applies universally to the right of all nations to protect their nationals, whenever theyv are in jeop- ardy through no violation of interna- tional laws. Article 13 of the 1858 treaty recog- nizes the possibility of collusion of local officials in tonnection with rob- bers, and provides: “If it shall be proved that the local authorities have been in collusion with the robbers, the same shall be communicated to the superior au- ‘thorities for memorializing the throne, and these officers shall be severely punished and their property be confiscated to repay the losse! China fully recognizes our right to self-protection and the safeguarding of our nationals against all jeopardy. (Copyrixht. 1926. by Paul V. Collins.) Pacemakers. From the Boston Traveler. Returning from Europe Mr. John N. Willys, prominent automobile manufacturer, declares that Gertrude Ederle, Helen Wills, Bobby Jones and the Prince of Walts have done more for world peace than “all the politi- cians put together.” Such services are hard to compare. The politiclans are occupied with ef- forts to straighten out specific difi- oulties between governments and peoples. The verbal clashes which take place are expressions of conflict- Ing national viewpoints. It is better to have these matters threshed out while natipns are in a falrly peac able mood than when war have gathered and men are clutching nervously, at sword hilts. Even the 1 clouds | SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 16% THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover. ! Bliss Perry, lecturing on Alexander | Hamilton before the Washington So-| clety of the Fine Arts, once said something to the effect that whether one more admired Hamilton or Jet- ferson depended entirely .on. one's political philosophy. The political Claude G. Bowers, of efterson and Hamll- ton,” is obviously democratic, and the reader’s political philosophy will de- termine the degree of his sympathy with Mr. Bowers' point of view. En- tirely apart from this point of view, two of the most interesting chapters of the book are the characterizations of the two great statesmen of our early history as a Nation—"Hamilton: a Portrait,; and “Thomas Jefferson: a Portrait. liminary to a history of the times and political struggles of these dis- tinguished antagonists. * ok ok ok Alexander Hamilton, boyishly slim, meticulously dressed, with dignified, soldierly air, is introduced as he walk- ed briskly into the Treasury and sat down gt his “effeminate mahogany desk with the womens' faces carved upon the legs,” shortly after the ap- pointment of Washington's first cabi- net. A born commander, even a dic- tator, Hamilton had yet the social graces that rendered him fit' “for an instant summons to a court levee or a ladies' drawing-room.” “As a party leader he was singularly lacking in tact, offensively opionated, impatient and often insulting to well-meaning mediocrity, and dictatorial.” His'pub- lic morals were incorruptible. “Called to a station where he might easily have enriched himself,” as did many of his friends, he retired to private life poorer than when he entered the public service.” A genius as a writer and in finance, he always longed for military leadership, and, had this’ op- portunity come, he might have proved a Napolecn. Of doubtful par- entage, self-educated, without social connections, Hamilton was still a nat- ural aristocrat, as his career showed at every stage. “His ideal of Govern- ment was the rule of ‘gentlemen’—the domination of aristocrats . . . Thus it was impossible for him to conceive of a strong and capable Government over which the aristocracy did not have sway.” < * ok kK Thomas Jefferson looked the philosopher more than the powerful statesman. Tall, slender, loose-joint ed, careless in dress, rather stiff in his manner, but with a kindly face, he superficially appeared to lack so- clal graces; but at the French court, where he succeeded Franklin, he was popular in all circles because of his charm, his humor, his agreeable con- versation and his generous hospitality. Loving best his beautiful mountain- top home at Monticello, his farming, his books, his friends and his family, he left them to enter the distasteful turmoil of public life; and after an interval of retirement returned to it again, because he belleved that the new Nation must be saved from those who were rapidly converting it into an aristocracy. Jefferson was a humanitarian ahead of his time; he believed in freedom for the slaves and conceived of imprisonment for crime as a reform measure rather than punishment. “Such {s the persistency of falsehood that Jefferson has come down to us vaguely as an atheist and an enemy of the Christian religion. He would today probably be called a Liberal or a Modernist; he said of himself, “I am a Christian in the only sense in which Jesus wished any one to be—sincerely attached to His doc- trines In preference to all other: He made a code of the “Morals of Jesus” and in his later years spent much time in reading the Bible, and always in conversation expressed’ his belief in the superiority of the moral system of Christ. Descended from the aristocratic Randolph family on his mother's side and from pioneer farmer stock on his father's side, he always loved beauty and luxury, but from the beginning hated aristocratic ideas of government. He “took upon himself the organization of the forces of democracy” in the new republic of the United States and became the first leader of his party. * ok ok ok If there is a bit of realism in the midst of much romanticism, and the author’s foreword justifies us in be- lieving so, then the French cavalry barracks are sultablé for only strong characters, according to Percival Christopher Wren in “Beau Sabreur. His hero, Henri de Beaujolais, is des- tined by his uncle, a general in the French army with powerful political affillations, for a brilliant career of patriotic achievement in French Afri- ca. “Some day I am goi to be the master-builder in consolldating an African empire for France,” he says to his young nephew just out of Eton, “and I shall need tools that will not turn in my hand.” The first step in making De Beaujolais such a tool is to enlist him:as a “‘volontaire” trooper in the Blue Hussars. In the cavalry barracks he is able to endure his year of apprenticeship because he knows it will be only a year and be- cayse he, unlike some of his less for- tunate fellows, has a private room in a hotel to which he can resort when off duty, to bathe, eat, rest and be alone. He is also one of the elect in that he can throw aside after first inspection the huge trousers, tunic and boots, as heavy and big as a diver's guit, furnished to him at the barracks, and can don a uniform and boots made to order by his own tailor and bootmaker. By paying a fellow trooper liberally, he transfers various disagreeable duties, especially that of cleaning the stables with his bare hands. By treating freely to drinks, he makes himself popular. On the whole, he is a child of fortune from the start, though even he finds no method of escaping the stench of the squadron sleeping quarters; a per- fumed handkerchief helps a trifle, but t the expense of much ridicule. * x k X A radical, who, like many other rad- icals, did not always relish the re- sults when his own theories were put into practice, was Willlam Godwin, who lived_during the Napoleonic era in England. This was also the ro- mantic era of English literature, the era which produced Wordsworth, By- ron, Shelley and Keats. Godwin was the father-in-law of Shelley. When Shelley and Godwin's daughter Mary, following the teachings of Godwin the philosopher, eloped without marriage (Shelley was already married), Godwin was highly indignant and refused to receive the couple on their return to London. Only after the death of Shel- ley’s wife and his marriage immediate- ly after to Mary, would Godwin for- give their practice of his precepts. “The Life of Willlam Godwin" has re- cently been written by Ford K. Brown. It seems a scholarly and unprejudiced account. * ok %k ok ‘The real Sahara, not that of highly colored fiction, is described by Angus Buchanan in his volume, ‘‘Sahara.” Mr. Buchanan spent 15 months in the desert and learned something about it. He crossed its entire width, from Kano, in Nigeria, to Touggourt, in Alglers. He covered 3,500 miles by caravan and encountered most of the desert hardships and dangers. Mr. Buchanan believes that the area of the Sahara is actually expanding and that the already scanty desert population is Ancreasing. Husbands. quarrels of internationbl politics are |From the Flint Daily Journal. compromises of value if they lead to mmwmwmmumhum These chapters are pre- | E. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Do sea gulls have any call or ery?—M. M. A. The characteristic note ‘of the sea gull's call is, in large birds, a harsh, querulous, laughing and screaming cry. In smaller birds the call s a curious, moaning cry similar to that of the larger birds but much softer. Q. How is Gertrude Ederle’'s name pronounced?—M. J. P. A. The accepted pronunciation of the name Ederle is Ed'er-lee. Q. I would like to know if Henry Ford ever made and put on the mar- ket for sale a six-cylinder Ford. If so, in what year was it made?—A. F. A. A local authority on automobiles says that the first car that was put on the market by Henry Ford was a four- cylinder car, and all those of the present time are four-cylinder cars. Between 1909 and 1911, however, Mr. Ford produced some cars which con- tained six cylinders. Q. Does one eat an olive from a. tork or in the fingers?>—M. V. A. An olive is held in the fingers. Q. Who furnishes the music at the various White House receptions?— B. M. G. A. At all White House receptions the music is furnished by the United States Marine Band. An old order book of the Marine Corps shows that the band was to play at the presi- dentfal reception at the White House as early as New Year day, 1803. Q. Has a current of 310 amperes ever been obtained?—T. S. A. The General Electric Co. devgl- oped a tube capable of delivering 20 kilowatts of high-frequency energy to an aerial. Using six of these tubes in parallel with 15,000 volts on the anode, a cuirent of 310 amperes in an Alexanderson multiple-tuned aeral was obtained. A tube of the mag- netron type was developed by the same company, capable of giving 1,000 kilowatts at 20,000 cycles with an effi- clency of 70 per cent. Q. Where are the chief spice-pro- ducing centers?—R. E. B. A. Practically all spices grow in hot climates and close to the ocean. In- tense heat together with the salt sea breézes seem necessiry to produce that highly aromatic, snappy quality o0 characteristic of every kind of spice. Penang is perhaps the most Interesting island in the world so far as the growing of spices is concerned. Not only does it grow cloves and pep- per, but almost every known kind of spice, and both in quality and quan- tity its production is remarkable. Q. Who was Jedidiah Morse?— J. B. L. A. He was called the “Father of American Geography,” having pub- lished in 1784 a book, “Geography Made Easy,” which was the first work of that kind published in this country. He later published other books of a similar nature which en- Joyed a wide circulation. Jedidiah Morse was also the father of Samuel Finley Breese Morse, the inventor of the telegraph. Q. What relation is my cousin's wife to me?—E. M. J. A. Actually the wife of your cousin is no relation to you. Through cour- tesy, however, the wife of a cousin is naturally spoken of as a cousin. Q. Will the Post Office Department redeem stamped envelopes?—F'. L. A. The Government redeems stamped envelopes, but not envelopes to which the usual postage stamp has been affixed. This redemption is in ‘“‘stock,” not in cash. In redeeming the stamped envelope, the Government gives credit for only the face value of the stamp and not the cost of the envelope. Q. I am a Canadian by birth and have lived here more than ten years, although I have not yet become natu- ralized. I wish to go to Canada for SCIENCE SHORTS Some spiders catch tadpoles. 'The skin of the dogfish makes good leather. Two-thirds of the world’s lepers are in China. There were eye alfleclallm in Egypt by 500 B.C. Paper was made almost altogether of rags until'after 1850. Whale meat is a popular article of food in Japan. Producing peanut ofl is an old in- dustry in southern France. Congress appropriated $9,000 for rainmaking experiments in 1891. Snakes cannot be charmed by hu- man beings, naturalists say. A man's body contains 24 pounds of coal in the form of carbon. Chinese doctors of the third century used hemp as an anesthetic. An oil suitable for lubricating air- plane motors can be obtained from grape seed. The strawberry is rated as the most valuable of the small fruits in this country. Copper bars were once cut in differ- ent lengths to be used as money in Ceylon. The lion's mane and ruff serve to protect its neck when it is attacked by enemies. . Rubber heels for horseshoes are a recent innovation to prevent horses trom sHpping. The anclent mound builders of the Mississippi Valley made the first roads in North America. The bulldog was =0 named because of its skill at fighting bulls in the sport of bull baiting. The Chinese used floor coverings, made of felted wool, before the eighteenth century. A moving picture feature film con- tains about 96,000 separate pictures. Small oulachon fish are sometimes burned as candles by Alaska miners. Sleet and ice cause more property damage than any other kind of storm. The sea food menu of Hawail in- cludes 70 different kinds of marine The earth’s daily rainfall amounts to about 16,000,000 tons a second. Over 20 kinds of harmless bacteria have been found in the mouth of a human being. . Some shoe dyes are capable of seri- according to recent More than 90 per cent of the earth’s lakes are the result of giaclers. Some of the mountains and-canyons hidden under the sea have been given names. How much water different trees drink is being measured in a series of experiments which are to last four years. ‘Telephony was not important enough to be mentioned separate States census reports about two weeks. What steps should I take to enable me to pass the ime migration officer?—G. W. P. A. Native-born Canadians are net subject to quota restrictions. If you have a copy of your birth certificats it is probable that you will have no difficulty in re-entering the United States. Q. What is the meaning of the term “mob psychology”?—E. T. A. The term “mob psychology™ ré« fers to the study of the mental proce esses of & mob. A mob usually refers to a disorderly or riotous gathering. Q. Please explain the origin of “La~ bor day.”"—H. E. H. A. The origin of Labor day may be traced to the year 1880, when tha Knights of Labor held a general as- sembly in New York City during the month of September. On September 5 they had a great parade, organized by the Central Labor Union of New York City. The next year they had a similar parade on the first Monday in September, and in 1884 a resolution was made by George R. Lloyd, a mém- ber of this society, declaring that all future parades be held on that day and it should be called “Labor day.® Q. Is there any definite meaning or superstition about a child born with a thin vell over its head?—N. C. A. According to olden superstition, a child born with a caul or veil over its head possessed the gift of second sight. The caul also was highly prized as a preventive, it being a current belief that the possessor could never be drowned. For this reason cauls were often sold for a large sum of money to seafaring folks. Q. Please inform me if the word “ain't” is grammatically correct?— B. O. C. A. The word "ain't" I8 not gram- matically corrasct. Q. Is it est'mated that thers will be many apples on the market this Fall>—J. M. W. A. It is said that the United States and Canada will each produce this year one barrel of apples for about every three persons. The commercial apple crop of Canada is placed at 3,- 000,000 barrels, while that of the United States is estimated at 40,000,000, Q. Was the famous Portland vase made of glass or pottery’—D. H. A. Although this vase was manu- factured by Josiah Wedgwood at his pottery works, it was not, as many are under the impression, of ceramic fabric. It was of glass, cut cameo. Q. Where is the biggest locomotive engine in the world>—C. D. A. What is said to be the world's largest and most powerful locomotive was recently put into use on the Vir- ginian Railway. It is an electric glant 162 feet long. It was necessary to build it in three sections, each one having a separate electric power unit installation, so that it might negotiate curves. It has 7,125 horsepower and can haul a loaded train almost 2 miles in length. It weighs over a mil- lion and a quarter pounds. Q. 1 _have been hearing about & plant from South America which is sald to be much sweeter than cane sugar. Can you tell me anything about this?—B. O. A. A plant known as kaahee comes from the desert regions off eastern Paraguay and has been sald to contain a substance nearly 200 times as sweet as cane sugar. Ameri- can sclentists are now experimenting to see If its saccharine properties may not be valuable in modern dlet. It is thought that this may perhaps prove a boon to sufferers from dia- betes. Q. What is the Chinese proverd about reforestration?—IL. E. S. A. A motto written in the copy- books of Chinese students is: “He who chops a tree without planting 10 is a red dragon to his son and a white dragon to his son’s son and his grave shall be unswep! Q. Do files ever serve any useful purpose?—M. O. 8. A. A new kind of fly was recently sent to the Smithsonian Institution for identification. This fly has been dis- covered to be very effective in at. tacking a specles of caterpillar which destroys coconut palms in the Feder- ated Malay States. It appeared to be an entirely new variety and has been christened *“Ptyschomyla remota. v, Q. How manufactured yearly” A. The Department announces that, according to its bien- nial census of manufactures, in 1925 there were manufactured billiard and pool tables, bowling alleys and acces- sories to the value of $5,505,735. This was 2 decrease of 11.7 per cent since 1923, the date of the last census. Q. Did Chopin introduce the noc- turne?’—W. W. H. A. Although Chopin wrote some very beautiful specimens of the noc- turne, .he @id not introduce it. John Field, an Irishman, was its inventor. He was born in Dublin in 1782 and made his debut as a solo pianist In 1792. Q. Can an ordinary telephone be connected to an electric lighting sys- tem, and if so, how? K. A. The Bureau of Standards says, “It an ordingry telephone were con- nected directly to the wires of an electric lighting system it would probably be damaged by the electric lighting current and the user of the telephone might be subjected to shock. These features could be eliminated by making the connection through suit. able protective apparatus, but the electric lighting current would prob- ably cause the telephone receivers to emit so much sound as to seriously interfere with its normal use. An electric light system is not desirable for use simultaneously as a telephone system.” Q. Would you kindly inform me if there is any sorority or fraternity chartered by the name of Phi Kappa Tau?—R. E. A. The Phi Kappa Tau is a national men's fraternity which was estab- lished at Miami University in 1906. Q. I Jive neag a tribe of Cheyenne Indians and although they are some- what uncouth in dress and personal habits I have never seen one with even a semblance of a beard. Do they shave or don't they have whiskers at all>—B. T. A. Most Indians would have a slight or moderate growth of beard and mus- tache if they allowed the hair to grow. Beards are not wholly unknown. Some of the Mexican Indlans have full beards. The Guarayas, Bolivia, wear long straight beards and Cashi- occupa- | and bos of the Upper Ucayll are bearded. Q. Did the Government pay the re- ward offered for the capture of ihe assassin of President Lincoln?— F. L. B. A. The Government paid $80,000 as reward for the capture of John Wilkas Booth. This reward was divided among the many men who took part in the capture. Any reader can get the answer tb any Question by writing The Ei Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. @. This offer applies strictly to. informas tion. The dureau cannot give advice on legal, medical and financial mate ters. It does not attempt to settld domestic troubles nor undertake haustive research on any su Write : orictty. "Goe Tult name: inclose 8 cents in 4 turn postage. The rey :x‘ ey e