Evening Star Newspaper, August 22, 1926, Page 43

[E = EDITORIAL PAGE | EDITORIAL SECTION . iriov. FRosiems @hfi %unfiag giaf SPECIAL FEATURES- WASHINGTON SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22, 1926. Part 2—12 Pages FARMERS ARE ADVISED HIGH TARIFF IS SHIELD| D. C ENERGY REMAKE European Resentment Against the U. S. Move to Lower Duty Called Fallacious Method of Solving Present Agricultural Troubles. GOULD LINCOLN. | Democrats are st ing to hook up the Republican pro- tective tariff with the dissatis wction of the American farm- ers, particularly those of the corn belt. If they can convince the farmer that he suffers from the tariff 10 a greater extent than he gains, Democratic leaders figure they may have an issue that will shake the com- placency of Republicans in the Middle West and West, and more particularly that of the Republicans in the Indus trial East At the same time the corn belt—and they are Republi cans, generally speaking—ave roaring that the farmers do not benefit to the | extent they should from the protective | 1ariff. They have centered their e forts ahout the MeNary-Haugen bi with revolving fun: in selling surpius of staple crops abroad at a | lower figure than the domestic price | and with an equalization fee imposed | upon all the producers of these crops 10 meet the loss, of the McNary-Haugen bill the Dbenefit of the protective tariff s will inure 1o the farmers, they in Meanwhile the RRepublican adminis tration, having no faith in the eco Momle virtue of the MeNary-Haugen stan, is enger to extend aid to the armers through their co-operative or- ganizations, but wants to Keep the Government out of the business of Tmying, selling or imy ng an equal ization fee. the farmers of | Major Questions Arise. With the congressional campaign Dow in full swing, and with the dis- | cussion of presidential possibilities in | 1925 gaining momentum daily, the | apuestion of the farmer and the tariff hecomes of very keen interest politi cully. as well as economically. Does the Am rmer by the protective tariff Does he benefit by the tariff to the extent that the American manufac- wrer henefits thereby? Or does the protective tariff operate Against the farmer? Can the protective tariff to operate more effectively farmer, and if how 1 The answers to these questions, if addressed to political leaders, depends upon whether they e Democrats or Republicans, or Republicans from the farm belt. When add B 1 to some of the ofticials of the Government con necte: with the iff Commission | and the Department ol Commerce here in Washington they bring the answers that “Nobody knows,” and that “Those ave questions with which the best minds in the country are struggling It is possible, however, to dig out gome of the information compiled by jovernment agencies regarding the farmer and the protective taviff. For uple. under the Fordney- MeCumber tariff act of 18 American farmer’s produce is erally “protected” by the impo: of customs duties. Corn car 1ariff rate of 15 cents per bushel; hay $1 per ton: swine, one-half cent J pound. cattle, 13z to cents per pound: wheat, 30 cents pe swhich under the flexible prov of the act has been increased rents; potatoes, 50 cents per 100 ypounds: oats, 15 cents per bushel: to- bacco, 35 cents to § per pound apples. 25 cents per bushel. barley, 20 cents per bushel: wool. 31 cents per clean pound: oranges, 1 cent per Pound: rice, 2 cents per pound: rye, 35 cents per bushel, and so on down | the list, including dairy products, eggs, peanuts, onions, sugar, etc. Cotton is the only great American erop which is not accorded protection | of the tariff America’s dominance in the production is given cotton as the reason for not including it. Eff ect Doubted. therefore, that the American farmer is given “protection’ under the rates of the tariff law. The duties are there and are imposed on imported products. But what the farmer wants. to know is, do these Auties help to keep up the prices of commaoditics which he produces and sells? Here we strike a snag. In some cases, undoubtedly, the pro- tective tariff operates to keep the American farmer’s prices up. Sugar and wool are aps the most | striking _examples actual protec tion. Without the sugar tariff the| cane sugar growers in Louisiana and the beet sugar producers in Colo rado, jehigan and elsewhere in all henefit he for made | the o ice It per of Under the operation | | 761,000 bushels were exported. list are laths and shingles, wood, lum- ber, gasoline, fertilizers, oil cake, ofl cake meal, coffee, bananas, hoots and shoes. It is true that all of these arti- cles come in free of duty for the rest of the people as well as for the farmers. But it is equally true that tariff duties levied on the crops produced by the farmers are against the industrialists and other consumers of foodstuffs in this country in just so much as they increase the price of food to the ulti- mate consumers. Lowden’s Views Cited. Former Gov. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois, a supporter of the principle of the McNary-Haugen bill, returned from Europe recently and in a pub- lished interview declared that the protective tariff must be made to serve agriculuture as well as it does Industry in this country. He sald that has been done in some European ries, adding rmany. better than any other t industrial nation. I think, has ecded in maintaining a proper ance hetween her agriculture and her industry. Ever since she adopted the protective policy in the last quar ter of the last century she has seen 10 it that her agriculture should keep pace with the growing industry. Co operation among her farmers was the principal agency employed, but her leading authorities are " agreed that without the encouragement and pro- tection which the government afford ed to agriculture co-operation alone could not have achieved this resuit.” In his interview Mr. Lowden did not make clear just what Germany had done in the way of making the protective tariff apply to the products of the farm iwhich h: <0 been done by the United <. Nor have vernment officials engaged in the study of international commerce been able to throw any more light on the matter. Mr. Lowden is regarded as a poten- tial candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1928, par- ticularly in the corn belt. His demand that the tariff be made to serve the farmer better, therefore, is considered significant. Official Figures Given. The Department of Commerce re- cently issued a statement classifying all commodities brought into the United States. In some quarters this statement was interpreted as showing that the farmer was well protected because more than 45 per cent of all the dutiable goods brought into the United States were classed as agri- culture, while only 36.4 per cent of the dutiable goods imporsed were manufactured and non-farm products. This interpretation seems somewhat faulty. If the farm products were as well protected as the manufactured products of this country the impor- tations of farm products should be no greater than the importations of manufactured products. This statement showed that the total imports into the United States fn 1925 wera valued at $4,226.000.000. The duty-free imports were valied at 9,000,000, while the dutiable im- ports’ were valued at £1,537,000,000, Of the total dutiable imports, 45.3 per cent were listed agricultural_pro- duets, amounting in value to $§696. 000,000, It is only fair to say at this point that more than $200.000,000 of this value was in A alone. and the wool imported w ued at $114, 000,000; tobacco at $71,000.000. Meats imported were down o about $7,000.- 000; eggs and dairy products, $39,000, 000, and grains, fodders and feed $36.000,000 In this connection, statistics put out by the Tariff Commission throw some light on the situation. 3 su While 1,123, 193 bushels of corn were imported in 1925, valued at $1,223,276, there was produced in this country in that year 2,000,581,000 bushels of ‘corn, and 12,- alued at more than $14,000,000. In the case of the much-discussed wheat, the im- borts were 1,308,000 bushels dutiable, and 10,438,000 free of duty, valued at a total of nearly §$17,000,000. But the e production of wheat was 5 hels and the exports of 1t were 86,525,000 bushels, valued t $148,717,000. O*her staple products showed a huge domestic production and a considerable export, as com- pared with the importations, among | them cotton, swine, potatoes, tobacco, rice, ete. Total Crop Values. The total value of crops in the in 1 is estimated at BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. N all the American comment upon the re- cent amazing utterance of M. Clemenceau, I venture to think that the most vital part of its European significance has been over- looked. It'has been largely treated as the ex- pression of a citizen, an eminent citizen, of a debtor nation provoked by displeasure with terms of payment of a war debt. It has seemed one more unpleasant circumstance in a com- pletely unpleasant affatr. But this, in my judgment, is to miss the meaning which the letter must have for Eu- rope. Actually it is an authentic and even passionate expression of the rapidly growing tendency abroad to read into American action and opinion certain very definite meanings, to see in all our later thought and performance the revelation of a purpose, of a deliberate and consclous purpose to dominate Kurope by means of our financial strength. Dollar diplo- macy, ‘Europe believes, is only the agent of dollar imperialism. * ok ok k Of this conception the “Tiger's" letter to President Coolidge is only the most striking example. You can hardly read a continental newspaper without finding some reference to it. Moreover, it is the inevitable result of the almost endless stream of American comment which has crossed the ocean, that portion di- rected at France undertaking to regulate the strength of the French army, the size of the French navy, the amount of French expendi- ture for defense, the policies adopted by French statesmen, the conduct of French operations in Morocco, in Syria. Because France borrowed money from us in a war in which we were a co-belligerent and has so far failed to meet our terms of settle- ment. we have asserted the right, so the French helieve, to dictate to them how they shall con- duct their forelgn affairs, how they shall de- fend themselves and how they shall adminis. ter colonies which were theirs before the war, as in the case of Morocco. More than that, members of our Senate proposed that since France has not paid and is not paying, a meth- od of adjustment would be the taking of the French possessions in this hemisphere—St. Pierre Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana, * %k x X Over and over again there has been the sug- gestion: “Since we are your creditors and you are not paying, you must permit us to regulate vour affairs, even your morals.” For the pro- hibitionists have suggested that better debt terms might be granted a dry France, but that no concessions should be made while the French people continue to drink wine in large quantities and presumably spend money for it which might be used for debt payments. Now every single one of these many pro- posals and suggestions constitutes an invasion of the sovereignty, or rather advocates an in- vasion of the sovereignty, of one of the oldest and proudest peoples in the world, which has fought for its independence for a thousand vea, The right of self-defense, the right to be master of the means and the measures of self-protection, are the essential rights of any free people. Nations do not reduce their armies at for- eign behest, or part with territories inhabited by people who desire to continue a part of the common fatherland, save as the result of defeat in war, which leaves them unable to resist. Moreover, they retake their freedom of action at the earliest moment after they recover their al strength. The only known method of dictating to a nation in matters of self-de- fense is to dictate at the cannon’s mouth. Bk ok ok ke Germany defeated France in 1870 and occu- pied French territory until France paid an in- demnity, .in that time regarded as colossal. Half a century later France is returning the compliment. In 1815, after Napoleon fell, the allles occupied French territory, reduced French armaments, bent French ideas of na- tional security to their will. But what we are apparently attemptnig to do, what it seems to the French that we are trying to do, is to im- pose the same sort of control that they asso- ciate with defeat and helplessness by means of financial and not military means. We seem to be trying to do with the dollar what Bis- marck did with Moltke's armies, what the con- querors of Napoleon @id with their successful coalition forces. Now, it is perfectly true that most of the suggestions made by Americans of all sorts have no political background. Senator Borah, who has done as much harm to the United States in Europe as the Kaiser did to Germany in his time and has created precisely the same conception of national imperialism, is a moral- ist, not an imperialist. He does not want to disarm France to weaken her to the advan- tage of the United States. He wants to disarm the world, because he believes disarmament is a step toward peace all around. * ok ok ok Of all* the suggestions, admonitions and solemn warnings which flow from our shores to French and have been flowing for 10 vears, nearly all have their origin in moral, not po- litical, circumstances. All this American de- lusion that we have a mission to reform and reorganize the world would be harmless and awaken only good-natured contempt on the other side of the Atlantic were it not for the fact that the war has changed our situation and the debts have given us a weapon of co- erclon. As long as the United States, or, more ex- actly, Americans of all ranks and conditions, discussed disarmament in the abstract and de- nounced European manners and morals as es- says in idealism and eloquence. Kurope, in general, and France, in particular, remained cold. But in the last 10 years, by reason of the enhanced international position which the war gave us, by reason of the power which our prosperity, as contrasted with European misery, has bestowed upon us, by reason of the debts which Europe incurred during the war, our comment has been viewed in a new light. We have seemed, and we continue to seem, to be acting with the conviction that we can use our new power to coerce, * ok ok ok I have spoken of France because French resentment is most familiar to us, but I shall never forget the passionate resentment in the tone of an eminent Italian public man, a friend of Mussolini, who demanded to know by what right we mingled the question of Italy's debts and Fasclsm in our comment upon the debt settlements, comment made in the United States Senate. “You have made us pay all that you believe we could pay, you have held us to the doctrine of the capacity to pav. Well, we have signed, we have submitted. By what right do you then criticize our form of govern- ment? When you take all a man has do you still retain the right to criticize the color of his coat? Because we owe money do you have the right to interfere in our form of govern- ment? Ifow can you explain the refusal of some Senators to approve the debt settlement because of our form of government? What of the proposal to give us better terms if we change our systems to suit American notions?” To say that the French are angry with us, that all Iurope is indignant at us, and worse because we are prosperous and they ave poor. because the debtor is always hitter against the creditor, ds to miss the deeper foundations of Kuropean resentment. What arouses Europe from Land's End to the Urals is the unceasing effort of our public men and our press to regu- late European affairs and interfere in the do- mestic policies of European countries because they owe us money. ¥l ek The net effect of some vears of the procla- mation of this right has been to create in Eu- rope something like a general suspicion. It is easy enough for the American to appraise this whole episode at its face value, this explosion of missionary spirit, of evangelical purposes. The men who would have France reduce its armies, Britain liberate its native colonies, who would free India and Syria, who would impose prohibition upon Germany or Britain or France, who would have Italy exchange her Mussolini for some imaginary George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, are mainly, if not exclusive- 1y, moved by the highest motives. But Europe does not believe this, never will believe it. For Europe this explosion of Ameri- can interference represents a definite and clear o dominate revelation of an American purpose t Ee the world. We have financial supremacy. hold the great powers of Europe in our debt for vast sums. We refuse to cancel these debts incurred in a common war and we demand payment on terms which all Europe regards as Shylockian. And we seem to insist upon the right to make terms on the basis of what are for these debtor nations domestic affairs. How many times in how many ways have American public men and American newspapers announced that one set of terms for debt set- tlement should be granted to milltaristic France and another to a pacifist France? In the open Senate of the United States it has been argued that terms which seem to Italy usurious, but to us lenient, should not be accepted because Italy has a dictator instead of a president and a muzzled instead of a. free press. * ok kK As for the British, every time the debt ques- tion crops up there is a renewal of the sugges tions that in lieu of payment we take the West Indies, even Canada. Now at the present time there is no single problem more annoying to the British than that of Canada, and you have oniy to look at British magazines and newspapers to see how deep is the apprehension lest Canada be lost, how profound is the resentment at the extent to which Canada has already economi- cally and socially, if not politically, passed into the American orbit. Tt is true that there is not a handful of Americans and no American ‘public man of prominence advocating the annexation of Can- ada or even its amalgamation with the United Stat but there are many thousands of Britons of serious fmportance who see behind Ameri- can policy and the American attitude in the debt and other war matters the deliberate pur- pose to take the Dominion of Canada and to xpel . British sovereignty from the Western Hemisphere. And the growing sense of this American menace finds increasing expression in Rritish public and private comment. It is not the fil-mannered tourists who rasp sensitive Kuropean nerves, it is not even the debt question and our prosperity which explain European distrust and dislike for us. It is something far more vital. It is the fact that there has grown up in Europe the well-nigh universal conviction that we are out to domi- nate. “France is not for sale writes M. Clemenceau to President Coolidge. Why? Be- cause M. Clemenceau, like many other eminent Frenchmen, believes, as a result of recent his tory, that the United States i ng to fm- pair the independence and modify the terri- torial integrity of France. * ok ok % To Europeans, and I say this deliberately there seems to be a great and growing feeling, on this side of the Atlantic, of America “‘uber alles,” in the strictest Potsdam sense. That most of these ebullitions of our press and pub- lic men have no solid foundation, that they rep- resent individual or group opinions, that they are naive not nationalistic, moral not impe- rialistic, that is something of which it is quite impossible to convince a Kuropean audience, impossible because along with all else goes the inescapable fact that we have strength, that we have power, that we have wealth. Again, no one should mistake the fact that ‘here Is no considerable luropean credence for American idealism. There was once, hefore the collapse of Wilson, the return to isolation and the affirmation of the validity of the debt con- tract. Now Europe, as a whole, believes that while we profess moral reasons for our solici tude about European conditions, these profes- slons are but hypocritical disguises for some wholly materialistic purpose. We say that the reason we insist upon debt settlements is that we must defend the sanctity of international contracts, but to Europe it merely seems that we want the money, both for itself and for the power it gives us over our debtors. It is, of course, a simple fact that the mass of the American people have no desire to in- terfere in Europe. not the smallest wish 1o in- vade the sovereignty of France, to regulate the domestic affairs of Italy, to meddle with the colonial problems of Britain. But not a day passes that the European press is not filled with accounts of the comments of some Ameri- ~ (Continued on Third Page.) BY MABEL KOHLSAAT. FTER Mussolini_what? That is a question often ashed in America by people whose democratic principles his got ernment of liherty. y Mussolini . “Do not let any one in Italy or outside of Italy think that if they kill me they will kill my gov- ernment. It is founded in the hearts of the youth of Italy and will en- dure.” This was in a speech he made to the Senate in response to the ova- tion they offered him at the first meeting of that body after the second attempt on Mussolini's _life in Rome last April. The “new Italy, founded in the hearts of her vouth.” meets | vou as you cross the border from | France. ntering Ttaly like entering | factory where every energy is strain- | ed to the limit to finish a rush order that must be delivered that night, where every person’s pride is engaged in the filling of that order. | | | Trayelers Are Scrutinized. | As vou approach Genoa young F: | cists come from a building at the side i of the road, salute you, open your car door, look, not at your baggage, | but at you: close the door, touch their caps and return to their office. Near- ing the city the number of them in- creases to 8§ or 10 at a time. for Genoa is the great open door between | France and Italy: from Paris, where | today the Italian leaders of the oppo- sition to Mussolini and his govern- | ment live and direct their campaign against Fasci Naturally it is well | guarded; have a poor time at that gate Lvery Fascist feels that it Is his gateway he 1s guarding: his government, his Duce, | he’is defending: his enemy he is out | witting, watching. For he and his | are involved in this effort of Musso- | lini’s to unite, defend and save Ital This Is a part of the spirit of ism, oree."” his You thread your way along the crowded road. where nuilding is going on everywhere, and arrive at the cen- ter of Genoa, where you meet the new ienoa is doubled in ez | pacity, the are occupied by Ttalian ships. The dry docks are build- ing great ocean liners for the pas- senger trade that once belonged to England and to Germany, now in the hands of Italian companies, control ling the routes from Italy to North and South America. The Roma, that will be launched in October, for New Yorlk, is of 30,000 tons capacit in Genoa. All trades are responding to the impulse of tne larger port fa. ilitios and the increased business re- sulting from it. Ordered Austere Welcome. In April Mussolini went to Genoa for his first visit after he took over the government and they prepared to give him a great welcome. He sent at once a message enjoining “sever- ity. austerity, economy. no decora- tions but flags and banners.” It v a roval welcome he received, never theless, from all Liguria As one proceeds via Milan. Como, Rrescia, Modena, Mantua and Palma | to Bologna one sees and feels the suppressed excitement, the same tense life, a “new spirit.”” in all north- ern Italy, where spirit never lacked, but where now it is different, more universal and more personal. At Bologna v in one of the great centers of m and you realize it. The Fasci re on guard. They are in the midst of their revolution and they know it and their enemy is crafty At Florence, where they have al- ways been more intense in every movement, they have their demon- ASSAULT ON FLEXIBLE TARIFF 1S NOW ENTERING SECOND PHASE Importers Go to Court in War on Increased Duty on Barium Dioxide—Success Might Upset Other Laws of U. S. BY HARD! COL . the Supreme Court should uphold this BY RICHARD HOADLEY TINGLEY, | measure that will add to the value by I. C. C. SOON TO MAKE VITAL RULING IN RAILROAD VALUATION EFFORT Thirteen Years of Work on Problem Reaching Climax—~Question of Today’s Value Causes Intense Debate Before Bod strations for and against Fasc but the Fascists are In evidence, watchful and alert Perugia Is Transformed. You proceed to. Perugia by way of sienna, which T passed at noontime. All conversation in the piazza was ex- cited and eager. They had | thing to talk about. At Perugl you know your Perugia, vou find a v transformed, returned to life, the swept and garnished center of Fascist Umbria. A new “University Strangers” was opened this | with 600 students. At Assisi is cele- brated the anniversary of the birth of St. Francis, made a national cele- . built | ignor Nitti's friends would | in_Ital | | | | thusiasm | respect follow pride of countr | sist :“Force"’ of Mussolini Inspires Men and Women to Hard Work for Futur Greatness. street fron It is difficy wctivities etnal vo side ng neglecied The eccono < hecause the most pre no unemp airplanes the 1 complishe feels the th ments. Rom pursu his wi that he is not leavinz Dehind. The sreat Moz zogiorno™ of Italy is not beinz over looked b the Government, nor are her “generous islands.” Naples, Bari >alermo. the great ports of Italy in the Mediterranean. are receiving care. ful_attention. the neglected port of Bari has been siven 8i.060,000 lire for its improvement Palermo 0,000,000 for her material redemption water, lights, drains, hospitals 2 ing and disinfecting plants hundred-and _twenty-five m have been spent to hring the of the mountains of Pugile to the rid lands of Calabria and the Basili a, in the foot of Italy, rich land when watered. Five hundred million lire for roads in Calal 0 mend them and make new ones—communi cation for her fsolated citios. The men working on them are youn good-looking, elean, not at all ashamed of breaking stones for the road: in terested rather in having the voads of their government in b ondition Workimg vigorously, not loafing Agricul has reeeved atest attention of an) thins in Rome moral, phil of il ste Three lion live water aples is the center of all the Fas cisti activities of southern Italy. Colonial Spi Also the spirit the “generous The King g0 to N to Tripoli, Sicily and it Awakened. of the colonies and islands™ s awakened ind the Princess Giovanna linia, the prime minister the Prince Umberto to encouragement and selt Italy rianized treaty, a but a outh with ded spiritually ni dreamed of and Garibald is no longer the “smul people of the Versaill mere geographical \p« people alive from > love of country into the union Cavour p fought for— When the Rome W i to we rtirg the rents on the 3d v regu lation ended in provide for the peoph o i their homes, o sanitary apari the crowded strect of the ever-hicressinz government loaned the Ins Case Popolari 60 000,600 used In part fo the walls of Ronw of and apar®@isnts io suft the and mew o' all classes o tenants, to be sold €1 re t mod price mg lease ¢ terms. On the 18th o entirely new in It LSt 450 and offered to the of small villa apartments, witk and with grounds e air and light L ings with apariments needs of the v s ized S0 were completed Thi of providing good hioine o is a part of Mussoli a “Greater Rome America. Volpi Addresses Crowid. Count Voipm nisie went with o 1 ‘visit the finisl day and made the erowd that herved the steps of one of He closed with these to one above all ather gratitude; to Lin how to create i this state of mi « that permits theimn to feel th great, worthy of a hich destiny Benito Mussolinl, the molding of that new eza, eza, 1 t ¥ in which the e children gave hune [ Count Volpi. It w coting tirely Fascisti Perhaps there in most part i rents Palaces Home, and poputation, e del the building outside new moder: speod ian peop spirit welstio ery d the to that so United States ! £10,270,000.000. With the exception of cotton, valued at $1,636,000,000, and farm forest products, valued at $327. 1 000,000, practically all of this total represents products subject to duty, applying today’s prices, ed before the commission that. al though the ‘cost of reproduction’ clause in the amendment is apparent- point of view it might open to at- they contend- tack hundreds of Federal laws in which Congress has laid down a policy, leaving important details to be deter- mined by regulations issued by the ex- ecutive. This, if true, might affect the tax laws, where regulations of the Treasury Department turn the tide of millions of dollars one direction or another; the prohibition laws, those governing trading in grains and in cotton, and many others of similar importance. % ffect Would Be Extensive. Whether this view be extreme or not, the attack on the constituion- ality of the flexible tariff alone, if sustained, would have widespread ef- | fects. Incidentally, importers are not | the only factors who would be glad to | valuations has been so complicated have this issue finally determined.: that it has been difficult for the lay- Several prominent farm organizations | man to understand it. have gone on record as opposed to the In what follows an endeavor will be flexible tariff, despite the fact that|made to give a hint at what is at the agricultural interests thus far have | bottom of the whole thing. benefited under its operations. The late Senator Robert M. La Fol- The duty on wheat, for Instance, | lette was the father of the valuation was 30 cents per bushel in the 1922 |amendment which passed Congress tariff act. In March, 1924, the Presi.|in March, 1813, and ever since that dent issued a proclamation increasing | time the commission has been en- the duty to 42 cents. Only last March, | gaged in the task. The amendment butter was increased from 8 to 12 | provides that the commission must cents per pound. Without starting an | ascertain and report on each of the argument as to whether the farmer | properties “the cost of reproductlor gets the benefit of the tariff, it is un- [ new, and the cost of reproduction les doubtedly true that dutiable wheat | depreciation.” In addition to thes imported into this country during the | instructions the commission had an- last two vears has paid 12 cents per | other duty to perform—an implied | bushel more duty than would have |duty, but none the less obligatory. For been collected had it not been for the | years the conviction had been almost flexible tariff. And the record shows | universally entertained that the rail- that in the last fiscal year only 1,600,- | roads were overcapitalized, their book 000 of the 16,000,000 bushels of wheat | accounts doctored, and that the pub imported were entered for consump-|lic had been paying inflated rates in tlon—that is, subject to duty—while | order that dividends might be paid on in the fiscal vear, 1924, in the latter | oceans of water. The actuating cause part of which the duty was raised, | behind the Senator’s amendment was by 14,000,000 of the 27,000,000 bushels | to prove this contention. Not Yet on Any Map» Here also is the Church of Rome. total were entered for consumption. | The commission did its best to sat- | Mussolini says that no government It the importers win this case, the | Isfy this implied obligation and vet | {can endure that does not recognize Treasury must refund many thou.|Keep faith with the mandatory stat-| Corrado Zoli is high commissioner|God, the family and property. That sands of dollars; not only on barium | ute. It couldn’t be done. Even on|for Trans-Jubuland, Italy's newest ] the good he has ever seen done dioxide, which recently has almost en- | the basis of pre-war prices, tentative | colonial possession. Trans-Jubuland!in Italy has been done by the Church tirely stopped coming from abroad |figures have been reached which in-|has not appeared vet on any maps.|of Rome. He is for the church and at the higher duty and in the face of | dicate that a total value of from 22 to | It is smt‘ufd in Eastern Africa at the |aids all religious effort that is charita lowered prices by the domestic pro-|23 billion dollars cannot be avolded;| mouth 8f the Juba River, and has ble. When the sister of a Pope died ducers, but on wheat, butter, straw | this as against a “watered” stock is. | hitherto been ~considered’ part of |last Winter he buried her, and her hats, print rollers, taximeters. potas- | sue outstanding in the hands of the|Italian Somaliland. The partition | sister sent many souvenirs of the sium chlorate, oxalic acld, veronal,|public of 17 billion dollars and a|whereby Trans-Jubuland became a|Pope to Mussolini in recognition of and sodium nitrite, all of which have | “doctored” book account of 20 billion. | separate province has received wide | his generosity. been increased. By the same token,| Disappointed at the result that|attention in the Italian press. It is| All the immense ruins of anclent the Government will be due addition: | must eventually be reached, the pro- | thought to be a preliminary maneuver |Rome are being restored, streets al duty on mill feed, bran, etc., and | ponents of low valuations have at-|toward the eventual partition of | widened, old and unsightly palaces on bob-white quall, on which the | tacked the auestion from another | Abyssinia — that is. if Abyssinia torn down. The Pantheon is being duties have heen!edu(-ed. angle. Vehemently dencuncing uny doesn’t olbject (oo much. placed in better -view by a wide Civil Engineer and Writer. The entire membership of thef In- terstate Commerce Commission has recently listened to oral arguments on one of the most important ques- tions that has ever come before it on the valuation of the railroads. The commission has been appraising the physical value of these properties on the basis of pre-war cost of materials. The matter at igsue was how much, if anything, should be added in order that the result might fairly represent today's value—and the commisison was by no means convinced that any- thing should be added. The questions involved were so technical that press reports balked at giving any com- prehensive account of the hearings; indeed the entire matter of railroad Organized importers turned their | heavy artillery against the flexible { tariff last week in the second phase of a battle which, if successful, not oniy approximately $8,250,000,000, or 80 per | will cause groans from a dozen lines b erops. of industry, including wheat farm- lue of animal products, |ers and dairvmen, but furthermore, is estimated to be |in the opinion of some lawyers, may lead to the scrapping of many im- portant laws on Uncle Sam's statute hooks Barium dioxide is the commodity around which this storm is brewing immedfate issue. While the bration by the proclamation of Mus- solini. putting things in motion in Umbria. Assisi is no tonger simply 1y mandatory and has the sanction of | the shrine of a great saint, but the e A R O ers | Object also of the attention of Musso- valuations of other public utilities | 1N, therefore a center of interest to were involved, it would be manifestly | 3l Fascism. To the “poverty. chas injudicious to make it applicable in | tity and obedience™ of the Saint of | i tog e D ble oy | Assisi is added the “discipline, sacri- s st dnelrodds, Wheke ol ficay' world't GEt NG Dléeof Fumctanio 3 At Rome you are in the center of They pointed out that, should a : 2 the government and of “the party reached by the “cost of reproduction’ route, an absurd and “fantasiic” con.| Musedlin s the head of bath. In one | part of the great Chigi Palace, at the clusis St res a DI ing to a fotal value of Trom 35t 40 billion | CONeF of the Piazaa Colonna and the | dollars, and that to base rates on such | ooy are his offices as prime min. a figure would be an “economic fol te LUt S hile oMices e s Biuco 1y”"—more than the traffic will bear, ‘mu. 3 For the _meetings of resulting in a depressing business Sl M cou ol tiewiconic activity. The ground taken, there fore, is that it is expedient to ignore the statute and report what is termed a “prudent” valuation. The commission is in a quandr, Shall it find values in accordance wi its_instructifons from the Congress and report values which will increase our freight and passenger bills by 825 million dollars a v Or shall it report a “prudent” value in accord ance with its implied obligation and let the Supreme Court settle the mat- ter? The railroad valuation has already cost 125 million dollars and has pro- duced no tangible results. but what- ever the result, when arrived at, it will, whether or no, successfully dis. pel the “watered” stock bogie and that alone Is perhaps sufficient jus- tification for the expense: (Copyright. 1926.) entirely expre: tribute to hi molder of that new the spirit of new He creates the presents the plan of the mome esting part watch. He propagands ' believer in force of Wherever his pres will petus to any good work. there d him. lie a “good fellow al magnetism. as well man and a great patriot this ng * which Probability would be run out of pusiness. The wool growers have ine been bhenefited by the duty on wool to a very considerable extent. ¥ what about wheat? It is pretty generally conceded that the price o wheat is made in Liverpool, that the | price of American wheat is the world | €Tt of U"‘] price and that this world price ap- - u.xg STl plies in the United States as well as | o0 the aihet Idmi“ e Bt of it. What hecomes of the pro- [$6.694,000.000 for the year 1325, Frac Peive taviff theory here? The Qin. |tvally all of fhiess products ate dutl oulty has been that America produces |able. About the only exception is surplus wheat, and that .um»mu,_\h!it':;m il pears Reed o lihe Which must be sold abroad, fixes the T ¢ 4 tHE als, s ross total value | as_the prices which the farmers receive for {Animals, so while the gross totat ¥aUue | Rl o0 1w not be familiar with this - 5 : rm products in 19 v A e L i | Shotea at¥in) D1 1000.000, einer fotal | chemical, every one knows its best- g8 o corcect that situstion WAFOCR | .l of ‘Whiese pewiicts is put ar | Beloved CHllS, W dimes peroall Jarly e o er Hauwen bill, | $13,032,000.000, and of this amount | The National Council of American Stwacd with the McKary-Hauenh bUL | Lenut $10,855/000,000 s distishle, or | ISSPoricts o0l Teghsn S0, G0 R TR L e b week flled with the Court of Cistoms president Coolidge. has e it clea i e " Appeals a brief as “friends of the time and again that it desires to help '.I!"‘:]:fil‘;"‘l-“”“gh‘_“1“‘\',‘“’:;"’,“""‘,' | court,” in_the appeal of an importing fhe Siomere. L0 A O s | NSH 008000800, Mauy of thées prod fim Witeh b IR (o CHEORS e e e b ine dut: | cks overlap undkalzenicctibn Gvoula)| Courtiat NEW otk Secinnie BRoriy fhe Fresident hos Ao o b | Hiuws bs e s oo sl n ot Spues (BSipoiid diis o8 BUBE €E on wheat by proclamation from 89|, Tyl value of manufacturediprod.|on the ground that the rate named cents 1o 42 cents per bushel. on flour | T e 100 0 Tor these products | in the tariff act was 4 cents per O nal 104 cents per hun | o ot subject to duty. But the value | pound, and that the subsequent in. dred v‘u-v‘w!i il e Laken | of manufactured products subject to | crease by presidential proclamation 32 jcemis iee ound, (e e L on uth 1simevertneless inexcexs ot He |(UNIAE (e terms F the Aexlbicliari the wakd o ronit | value of the farm products subject [was unconstitutional. By a divided B oty | towite ! Itiwouaissem ahierecore)inag | votd tha Gls O QU verISL TE T Lent after investigation by fhe |as the value of the dutiable agricul. | protest. ~8 Yo s e rift Commission tural ‘products. hmported s ‘greater|by the Court of (USOTS PR B EQ S el present |than the value of the imported manu. | probably will be heard October 6. The Tari mission esent factured products, the tariff gives|It will reach the Supreme Court,in engaged on investigations deter i - o | ithe end. Trine whether the duties should be in- | greater protection to the manufac-| i, & Thensed on milk #nd cream, peanuts, | tures than to the farm products. i Doubts of Validity. sov beans, cottonseed, onions, flax: | It has bheen charged often that the | (rave doubts were voiced four Reed, eggs and egg products | American manufacturer has a dis | years ago when Congress Wrote into | i« hen vou wil nan an the gen together. It is the center of Rome. Here Mussolini_receives the distinguished i visitgh, the man taly delights to honor. From the little iron balcony of the second story, at the corner of the building, he makes his famcus speeches to the Fascisti. Down_ the o from the Plazza del Popolo to the grave of the Unknown Soldier march the long processions today to their offering there. or to be ewed by the King or by the Di from his balcony. Here they sing “Giovanezza™ enthuslastically as they pass. ctured Great Men He has great mien in his government jwith him, all able men, all seasoned Fascists. If they were called upon to “carry on” there is no reason to feel that they would he unequal the task. Kach day that is added to the life of the government they are meet ing grave problems, are learning the practical and scientific administration of Fascism. And behind these men 50,000 enlisted Fasetsti. They not only wor- ship Mussolini, but are committed to his government They have enlisted for it, submit o dis cipline, suffer sacrificed, worked for it. prophesied f 1o and many of then It is often urg “recruited from th; Without stopping to p are also from all c highest, what can be offered a government say it has enlisted “the dre; clety” in forming “discipline. sacrifice their country f molding that new | patriotism? This 1s doing. He appears to be in the most fect health and spirit 1f he is not it in no way Interferes with a life ot unceasing labor Without festing a moment, apparentiy he has worked as no puplic man has ever worked, for four years and probalgy lonzer, and when in the saddle has The appearance of a perfectly healthy man thoroughly enjoying an hour of viclent exer: . ‘The United States survived her nders, why not new Italy? it and on butter fro Aids Religious | Here they came to demand the |sight of him after the attempt on {his life in April, shouting “Duce! | Duce!” until he came from his apart- ment to the palace and addressed them from his balcony, when they ould not let him speak for their emotion at finding that he was sufe able to speak to them there. East African Colony fopa st is “Force.” Effort. its severe T hetetore, that the Gov. | tinct advantage over the farmer. be-|the tariff act sections giving the ernment is giving real attention cause he is able to sell his surplus| president the right, under certain this matter of protection for products abroad at lower prices. while congitions, to increase or decrease farmer under the tariff laws keeping the domestic prices of his | ,tes of duty after investigations had | goods at a high level. Indeed, it is 10| hoen made by the Tariff Commission. ost Crops Protected. |enable the farmer to “dump” his sur- | These doubts were in regard to the The criticism repeatediy made | plus wheat, etc., in foreign m’"m“"s,(‘m\sllluliunfllll)‘ of the provisions. that the farmer must sell in an open {at a lower level than the domestic arket and buy in & protected market to the han to s of 80 government of and work” for “unwearungly of theirs to at Mussolind is spirit is W per- | All the doubts are summed up in | prices that the MeNary-Haugen plan | yne hriefs in the barfum dioxide case, | Tt the facts do nmot bear out this [is put forward. But investigation | the first of several tests which are in eriticism. Except., perhaps. in the [does not tend to bear out the fact that | progress to reach a stage where early Shte of wheat and cotton, all the big | American manufacturers can or do| etion may be expected. It is con-| staple crops are afforded protection | dump their surplus products abroad | tended that import duties are taxes, through the tariff. Even in the e |at lower prices than they receive for|apd that Congress cannot delegate of wheat the tariff duty is on the |similar products in the United States. | the taxing bove under the constitu, yooks and levied on imported wheat, stric s A | tion. In amplification, it is asserte 3 the railure of the to “pro Sinin T | thut the tariff act as passed by Con- et e tlons ‘that w | Tn the first place, foreign countries| 10l the law, and that the execu traight tarviff seems incapable of rem. [ have strict laws to prevent such prac- | yjv. pranch of the Government can- tdving. Furthermore. many of the | tices and are becoming more watchful} ;5 amend a law constitutionally. things in the farmer's budget are free | in the interest of their own industries. This is as far as the present case of duty. There is no tanift levied on | Furthermore. “dumping” df American | goes, although there are ramifications @ ngricultural impiements of any kind, Mmanufactured goods in foreign na:uf this line of argument. Pther items in his bud he free (Continued on Third Zage.) But some attorneys believe that if