Evening Star Newspaper, August 15, 1926, Page 46

THE EVENING STAR ‘J‘ ith Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY. THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office . 11th St and Pennevlyania Ave. New Vork Office: 110 Esst 42nd St. Chicago Office; Tower Building. European Office: 14 Regent St., London, England. The Eveninc Star. with the Sundas mom. ine edition. ix delivered by carriere within he ity at’ 60 cente per month: daily only. 45 conts per month: Sunday ony, 20 coni Per month. Orders may be sent by mail or felephone Main 5000, Collection is made by carier at the ond of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. aily and Sunday 15¥r.$9.00: 1 mo.. 76 laily only 151 %4000 1 mo.. 50 Sunday only J1yrl $3.007 1 mo] 25¢ All Other States and Canada. * DPuils and Sunday.1yr. $1200 1 mo.. £1.00 Daily only sr. $R.00.1m ibe Sundax only ... 1 ¥r. $4700: 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Assoriated Precs is exclusivels entitled 10 the use for repablication of all news dis- Fayhes cradited to it ar a0t otherwise cred- t~d in this paper and also the local news Dublished herein. All nghts of publication ©f apeial dispatehes herein are also reserved. = i Cutting the Local Budget. A tentative funds to the Dis imum allotment of rict government in the budget for the next fiscal year bas been announced by Director Lord. as the mandate of the Presi- dent. The total named is $38,573,829, A reduction of approximately $3,500, 000 from the estimates as presented to the Commissioners by the heads of departments. At the same time the Commissioners are notified that they may indicate such increases over the total mentioned as in their judgment are urgently required, with a state- ment of the consequences following failure to appropriate the full amount deemed necessary. Thus does the District's budget come under the system of Federal supervision, despite the fact that Congress has abandoned the definite proportion plan of appropriations and adopted the lump principle of national aid. It has been repeatedly contended since this change that there ant whatever for a of the District es- the Budget Bureau, inas- much us the amount of United States funds appropriated for the support of the District is not affected by the total f the local appropriations. This view, however, has not prevailed, and under the law the District estimates are still submitted Congress through the Budget Bureau and may be cut by it. In another aspect of the matter, however, the intervention of the President warranted He is. hy virtue of his office, the head of the District government. He does not often exercise his function. which is ordina limited to the selection of the Commissioners. Yet Presidents have in the past counseled with Dis- trict heads in matters of administrative policy The President’s intervention in the matter of the budget may be due to his belief that the District appropria- tions are advancing too rapidly in point of size, with the result of an un- due increase in the burden of taxa- tlon put upon the people. There has heen a very material advance in the amount of money allotted for District expenditures during the past few vears. Ever since the abandonment of the definite proportion principle by Conzress the annual District appro- priation bills have steadily increased. At the present rate of increase on the 1ump sum basis in a few vears the as. sessment upon the owners of property In the District will be proportionately heavier than upon these in any other American community. It is therefore not altogether deplored that | the President has placed a limitation that [H s | sum is Federal n no war serutiny tes by to municipal o he Hpon the estimates e oot he Commissioners are under heavy | pressure to write their estimates in large terms. Heavy arvears of local needs demand attention. Every de partment of the District government raquires an increase of funds. If all the department estimates were heed- ed In full the budget would be more than $42.000,000, and the tax rate would be considerably increased to meet the requirements. Hope that (‘ongres may restore definite proportion prin- ciple as a matter of equity toward the District logical check upon | axtravagance in local government de- While that hope remains of wisdom to advance consery in local estimates and expenditures. and to that end the President’s present action in placing a the budget for 1928 may prove to be helpful remains the und as a velopment it i< the tively mit on R r—.— 1t is human nature to admire super- es. Tt is teast a satisfaction the hot surrounding Fri- Auvgust 13, broke records and as- signed to the date the hoodoo cham pionship ave dnv ——— Dry Law Referendums. Tn denying an application to enjoin submission of the prohibition question New York State in November. Justice Crain of the Su. preme Court of that State upholds the act of the Legislature which proposes this vote, declaring it to be within the right of the Leglisiature to submit the question to the people. This de- cislon, however, does not go to the point of maintaining that a referen dum vote of this character has any force further than an expression of public opinion the guidance of Congress. Judge Crain notes that prohibition referendums in eighteen States in November are proposed on a w -+ -.August 15, 1926 State-wide scale. They will serve, he sayvs, as an expression of popular sen- timent. “for the thoughtful considera- tion of Congres: which alone can modify the enforcement act based upen the eighteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution. Congress, he rules, cannot be expected to abdi- cate its power under the Constitution of prescribing definitions of intoxicat- g deverages, the manufacture and production of which constitute a vio- lation of the eighteenth amendment. it alene can determine such questions. It is within the power of the ’smqn to pass laws operative within their borders and enforcible through their courts making penal and punishable the manufacture, sale and use of bev- erages, and in that connection to de- fine without regard to ¥ederal enact- ments what shall be deemed intoxi- cating beverages within those States. Were the eighteenth amendment not in force, the States could by legis- lative enactments permit the manu- facture and sale of all forms of intox- icants. Before the amendment was adopted the States could prohibit any form of beverages deemed intoxicat- ing. Under the eighteenth amendment the States can pass enforcing laws supplementary to the Federal law, or they can abstain from specific en- forcement enactments, leaving the en- forcement of the Volstead act under the eighteenth amendment solely with the United States. This referendum proposal is to elicit the opinion of the people of New York State on the subject for the guidance of Congress. It has been by some declared to be uncon- stitutional. That, however, is not warrapted by any reading of the Con- stitution. The right of the people to petition is guaranteed by that instru- ment, and a referendum such as that proposed in New York is but the ex- ercise of that right. Should the vote in November in all eighteen States in which referendums have been pro- vided for be adverse to the law or to the amendment upon which the law is based, Congress will have an indi- cation of public opinion that may guide it in any action which it under- takes. ——— The Tariff Again. Senator Pat Harrison, genial Demo- crat from the sunny South, has been talking again. This time in Paris, where he is reported to have said that European debtors of the United States will be unable to pay their debts unless the American protective tariff were lowered. For that reason, Senator Harrison predicted, the tariff will become an issue in the next cam- paign. The Democrats apparently are ring- ing the changes on the tariff. First they insist that the tariff is the enemy of the American farmer. Now Senator Harrison says that the American Cov- ernment need not expect Great Brit- ain, France, Italy and other debtor nations to pay up unless the tariff is lowered. From the American point of view it would be far worse if American i American manufac- turers, American farmers were unable to pay their debts, or to pay their ordinary living expenses. than for the European debtor nations to be unable to pay their war debts to this country. Yet here is Senator Harrison proposing that the tariff barriers be lowered so that foreign made goods may come in, presumably in large quantities, in order to enable the debtor nations to meet the debt pay- ments. They must send goods into the United States in very large quan- tities, if they are to earn the interest and the principal on their billions of debts to this country. What becomes of the American produced goods, or of the men who produce them, in that event? They, the workers and pro- ducers, take up the roles of unem- ployed and bankrupt. If Senator Harrison and his Demo- cratic conferees really intend to make the protective tariff an issue in the congressional campaign this year, and presumably in the presidential campaign of 1 the Republicans have little to fear. As a matter of fact. many of the Democrats them- selves would violently oppose remov- ing or reducing the tariff on the prod- ucts of the mills and labor of their own States. The very fact that the Democrats are talking tariff is in- dicative, however, of the fact they have no real issue upon which to en- ter the contest with the Repubi at this time uns oo That women are more sensible than men in many respects must be ad- mitted. In spite of the examples set by women .as to Summer attire there are still men who wear starched col- lars and suspenders. s Miss Ederle's feat demonstrated friendly team work between the two great English-speaking nations, Eng- land supplying the Channel, while America supplied the swimmer. ——— The Horse Live: The horse may be disappearing from the farm, but he has not disap- peared. Authority for this is the De- partment of Agriculture, which says: “Twelve and twaty-horse teams are coming rapidly go use for plowing, seeding and hasvesting in Montana and other ‘dry farming’ areas of the United States.” One sees so few horges in the East and hears so much about motordrawn plows, harrows, seeders and the like that it is a trifle shocking to be told in a Government publication that “twenty-horse teams are coming rapidly into use for plow- ing.” In the movies one sees ranks of motor nlows that turn an acre of land in less time than it used to take to hitch a horse to a one-share plow. There are pictures of motor-driven machines eating up a wheatfleld of a size that makes a Maryland farm seem but a vegetable patch. It must be pleasant to old-fashioned persons to hear that the horse is still working out West and earning his corn and fodder. In this part of the world the horse seems headed for ex- tinction, and one sees his name in the papers only in connection with horse shows and race track news. When a horse jogs along the street little chil- dren turn to look at him, and perhaps some tot asks its mother, “Mamma, is the circus in town?” Many young persons are so full of information about differentials and carburetors that they would be dazed if a man should talk of reins, traces, whiffle- trees and surcingles. If this thing keeps up the Zoo will have to keep a pair of horses in a paddock as ex- hibits with mountain goats or sheep, elk and spotted deer. The Department of Agriculture, apologizing for or explaining the ex- istence of horse teams in the West, says: One reason why the tractor is not everywhere displacing the big team is THE SUNDAY ' 8TAR, . WASHINGTON, that under certain conditions horses are probably cheaper. Where feed 18 home-grown and raised without much outlay, the use of horses is often prof- itable. Horses can be turned out to forage for their feed when they are not working. Some farmers, more- over, prefer horses to the tractor for Summer fallowing, because the tractor packs plowed land. Farmers tilling volcanic ash soils believe, too, that the life of the tractor on such soils 1s greatly reduced because there is so much dust. There seems to be some conserva- tism in the West. One thanks the Department of Agriculture for saying something about the horse. In these days when we read so much about new bus lines, airplanes for every- body and tky traffic, and when one cannot cross the street without risk of being taken to the hospital in a motor ambulance, it gives a little variety to read about the horse. ——.——— i Taxi Drivers and Insurance. Insurance companies and the Gov- ernment are usually considered fair game when it comes to -collecting claims. Both, however, are somewhat hard boiled. In order the better to protect themselves, mutual taxicab insurance companies in New York have taken steps to organize a central information bureau, which will keep tabs on criminal and negligent driv- ers, fraudulent claims, doctors who issue false certificates of injuries, etc. This bureau should be valuable not alone to the insurance companies, but to the traveling public. If through the insurance companies’ demands the taxicab companies were compelled to employ only drivers whose records were’clear, crimes and collisions and death and injuries due to taxicab drivers and to careless driving would be minimized. Furthermore, under such conditions the insurance compa- nies could give better rates to the taxicab companies. Reckless taxi drivers are too nu- merous fn New York and elsewhere. One of the reasons they are willing to “take a chance” is their realiza- tion that the insurance company is there to fight or to adjust the claims that {may be made in the event of in- Jjury.’ That is one of the reasons, too, that the taxicab companies themselves are sometimes willing to take chances on the drivers they employ. A ceftain class of lawyers likewlse contribute to the unhappiness of the insurance companies. They are the men who make it a business to keep in touch with minor accidents, cab collisions in which passengers or per- sons in ather cars.or pedestrians might have been injured. Some of them even go so far as to draft lists of fake victims and present claims to the Insurance companies. The bu- reau now proposed by the insurance companies in New York will deal also with these gentry. e If police are not more careful about |cases of mistaken identity they may find themselves required to go to the rather slow, but at least sure, process of providing themselves with thumb- prints of all persons liable to escape, and making comparisons before ven- turing an arrest. The system would be cumbersome. But many systems are. ) Personal economies are required of the worker for Uncle Sam. In addi- tion to knowing the duties of a po- sition the applicant should be able to demonstrate superior abilities as to economical light housekeeping in re- stricted quarters. ot The French political leaders can scarcely hope to offer any suggestion of meeting a national obligation from the wealth of the general public with- out the usual protests from ‘‘Tax Payeér” and “Vox Populi.” - For some vears this city has been growing at a rate which each Sum- | mer keeps its needs considerably in ladvance of its water supply. .t Children playing in the streets are endangered by careless parents as well as by reckless drivers. SHOOTING STARS. i BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Dog Days. My dog will seek a shady spot Upon a sweltering day. | My cat will doze, with care forgot, Far from the torrid ray. | The song bird seeks the forest cool, Bob White hides in the grass: But 1, a hapless human fool, Keep stepping on the gas! The flowers whisper all in vain, In perfume soft and sweet. I strive the right of way to gain Upon the busy street. The golden rod its message brings That Summer soon must pass: Yet I, with fierce endeavorings, Keep stepping on the gas. A Wholesome Uneasiness. { “Haven't we too many laws?" | “Perhaps.” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “However, they have their beneficial influence. If we can't en- force them all at once, we can at least keep the unrighteous guessing which will be enforced next.” War Threat. Another war? And then some more? What finish would be shown? Some sad survivor, sick and sore, Triumphant, but alone! Jud Tunkins says a number of Congressmen are waking up to the fact that there are a lot of ways for this great Nation to economize besides discharging a few governments. The Modern Advantage. “Rude audfences used to things at bad performers.” ““The performer now has a great ad- vantage,” commented Mr. Storming- ton Barnes. “He can stand out In space where he can't be reached with anything except a post card.” The “Chaser.” There's pizen in the alcohol, | ©Oh, bootleg man, please note, | And with each drink. however small, Supply an antidote! throw “If it is a fact,” said Uncle Eben, ‘dat misery loves company, a hot wave ought to be a right sociable affair,” A D. C.. AUGUST 15, EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D., Bishop of Washington. “WATCH YOUR STEP.” Romans, vi4: “Walk of Life” One of the popular and faniiliar phrases that greets us on.every hand is “Watch your step.” The purpose of it is quite obvious. It is designed to warn the unwary, in places of peril, to exercise due caution, It has largely to do with our physical well-being. Our age has witnessed a great ad- vance in life-saving devices, as well as in the progress of the science of medicine and surgery. We give much heed to preventabie accidents and preventable diseases, and it is well that this is so. Newer and better ways are being devised almost daily, both for our comfort and protection. No period in the world's history has been marked by a greater advance along scientific and mechanical lines than the one in which we live. The discovery of a continent by Columbus would hardly compare favorably with some of the discoveries that have en- riched and enhanced human life. In the realm of great discoveries no one has contributed so largely to the higher advancement and enrichment of man as the great teacher who came out of Nazareth. “I am come tha! they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly,” wat His declaration. Even from the refuse heaps of humanity He plucked those who had been disowned and discarded by their fellows, and opened up be- fore them new vistas of hope and promise. His poliey of “neither do I condemn thee,” coupled with Mis un- falling word of encouragement, gave a new outlook and inspiration to those who were without God and without hope in the world. He did not seek to present a program of life whose disciplines were stern and forbidding. He did not seek to harden, but rather to soften, the way and to make it more passable for human pilgrims. He saw as no one else ever did the diffi- cultles and trials that encompassed the way of men. His one supreme desire was to furnish a solution to the problems and to shed light upon obecure and darkened pathways. Somehow or other His teaching has come to be identified with methods and practices that are unattractive and difficult of accomplishient. To the average man or woman religion means the way of an Institution rather than the way of Christ. In his re. markable book, entitled “The Christ of the Indian Road,” E. Stanley Jons tells of the difficulties he encountered in presenting the new way of Christ to the confused peoples of India. He found no difficulty in presenting the high claims of the Savior to men, but repeatedly he found himself embar- the Newness PART-TIME-WORK FRAUDS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Following a considerable experience in seeking to prevent fraudulent use of the United States mails, the Post Office Department has acquired a new scheme to add to its forbidden list. This is the case of a promoter who was charging people $1 each for ad- vising them not to be the victims of any other fraudulent proposition. While the scheme, which has been made the subject of a recent fraud order, had other ramifipations, it con- sisted in substance of a plan whereby the victim sent in a dollar for advice, and the advice was “Don't be a sucker."”" Postal inspectors, with a sense of humor, have insinuated that perhaps this advice would be worth a dollar if people would take it, but the scheme of which it was a part was such that the postal authorities decided to close down on the promoter and bar his literature from the malls. This particular scheme was known as the Workers' Exchange and oper- ated out of Cincinnati. It is one of a long list of propositions which adver- tise about home work for people de- siring to earn money in their spare time. The postal authorities have ex- amined quite a few such proposals, and stopped some of them. They do not pretend to say that there are no legitimate offers by which people can earn money at home in their spare time, but the experience of the Gov- ernment authorities, at least, indicates that any persons contemplating spare- time work at home had better inves- tigate quite fully what they are going into. The Workers' Exchange operated [by & man named Egolf at Cincinnati differed from other part-time- vork-at- home proposals in that Egolf did not offer work for the home worker. He offered advice. His first advertise- ments asked ladies interested in part- time work at home to write to him. When they did so, he replied telling them that many part-time home work advertisements were frauds, and in- ferring that the Workers’ Exchange was the one safe way to avoid these frauds. It would advise its members which were the good home-work propo- sitions and which were the bad ones. Membership was offered at $1, with some useful articles thrown in. How the Scheme Worked. Postal inspectors followed this up and found that Egolf's advice fur- nished for the dollar was to the effect that any advertisement offering part- time employment in vour own home should be viewed with suspicion, un- less it was from a firm located in your own home town, where you could call in person and check up on it. The postal inspectors, after a long experience checking up these home-work offers, cannot quarrel very seriously with Egolf's warning of cau- tion. Egolf sent more than advice to his $1 members, however. He sent them each 15 envelopes and lit- ature about the Workers’ Exchange, hich they were asked to send to other persons interested in part- time work at home. If and when any of the 15 sent in a dollar to join the Workers' Exchange the original member who had malled out the cir- culars was to get 25 cents commission. This started a sort of endless chain membership, which Solicitor H. J. Dennelly of the Post Office Depart- ment suspects was bringing in quite a few dollars to the promoter. In the fraud order recommendation, Mr. Donnelly sets forth that widows, or- phans, invalids and other credulous persons were probably deceived by the plan, and he does not regard the fact that cheap fountain pens or other articles were sent to the subscribers was enough to compensate for the fraud involved. Hence Egolf is barred from further use of the mails to warn the public against other people who misuse the mails for part-time-werk- at-home schemes. The number of these schemes has multiplied in recent years and the 1'ost Office Department has a constant job trying to segregate legitimate of- fers from fraudulent ones. The fraudulent offers usually make their appearance as simple advertisements, usually in the classified columns, of- fering home work to those desiring to_make a little extra cash. The victim who answers a fraudu- lent advertisement of this sort usually gets a reply which says that the work to be done is the addressing of circulars. In order to qualify for this opportunity of easy home work the prospect must join a club, or Luy a fountain pen. or put up a de- posit. Sometimes the bait is in the form of needlework to be done at home, and the prospect is asked to remit_for a piece of stamped linen on which she may demonstrate her ability. These are but a few of the deviges Involved. The one thing which rassed in attempting to explain the different methods of interpretation through which the various churches sought to exemplify His teaching. One wonders whether the situation in India does not find its parallel here in America. Have we not encumbered our Christian systems with too many man-made directions and formulae and has there not been a tendency to emphasize unduly the institution rather than the Christ way of living? No one questions the wisdom or pro- priety of well conceived or well ordered religious institutions, but one is semetimes compelled to wonder whether membership in one of these valued Institutions is not overempha- sized, while the way of Him for whom the institution stands is little stressed or ignored. Christianity is the expression of the Christ philosophy or method of life. It has to do specifically with the way of living. It has to do not only with man’s relation to God, but man’s rela- tion to his fellows. It is not a sys- tem merely of worship: it is one that affects daily habit and practice. Faith and works are indissolubly related. One cannot think of the Christ way of living without assoclating it with the brightest and happiest outlook upon life. To walk “in newness of life” every day means to come to the world with each recurring morning in a spirit of adventure and high expectan- cy. It means that no two days shall be alike; that each new experience, each new effort, shall be the unfolding of that which gives satisfaction and richer enjoyment to life. ‘When Robert J. Burdett, the journalist and evangelist, came to the closing days of his life he disclosed in his latest utterances nothing of regret or bit- terness. As he sat looking out over the broad expanse of the Pacific, he said: - Beyond the gates of the sunset, farther away than the stars, away past the bars of the night, there is another land. 1 have never seen it; I have never known any one who has been there; but all that 1 know about the Oriental lands in which I have traveled is mere conjecture compared with my positive belief in that blessed land which eye hath not seen. As the sun sinks lower and the skies grow dark in the deepening twilight, the star of faith shines more brightly. Every evening when the sun goes down T can see that land of eternal morning."” He was “walking in newness of life”” as he had walked all through the long years. Life to him had been a great adventure and had furMshed a supreme experience. After the dull monotony of our_ colorless, unat- tractive, objectless habit of living, let us walk “in newness of life.” most of them has in common is the fact that the would-be home worker must first send some money for some- thing. . Not All Are Fakes. Not all such advertisements are fraudulent. Some concerns really do offer some forms of home employ- ment. The advertisements are each sc. small that reputable newspapers which would not knowingly carry a questionable advertisement some- times accept these small classified ads becauso they cannot well afford:the cost of a thorough investigation. The difficulties encountered by the postal inspectors in running down these frauds demonstrate why a newspaper cannot afford the task. Many of these home-work proposals do really offer some work, although not always in tthe paying quantities which the pros- pect has come to anticipate. The Post Office Department i€ obliged to follow each proposal through from start to finish, to determine whether or not fraud actually exists. Shortly after the war & number of concerns advertised for home work- ers to make stockings, and offered to sell a machine that would knit the socks and the material from which to knit them, and also to buy the fin- ished product or to sell for the home worker. In some cases these concerns actually performed every- thing that they stated, while in others the machines would not work, or the selling concern failed to find a market for the socks, or the price fell below expectations. A great many people were thoroughly trilmmed by pro- posals of this sort. but the Govern ment had to be very careful in run ning down these cases so as not to in jure any legitimate concern. The worst phase of all of the ille- gitimate part-time-work schemes is that they find for their victims peo- ple who can least afford the loss of even small sums of money. Invalids who have had aroused by the ad- vertisements the hope of earning a little something from their beds or ‘wheel chairs, and thus relieving the distress of their families, were typical victims of these schemes. Thus a pro- posal which looks like a veritable Godsend to some unhappy and unfor- tunate {nvalid turns out to be a fraud, and the victim is robbed of whatever little sum he or she may have possessed. The postal inspectors cannot issue any general warning about these plans, as they dre not authorized by law to do so. They can only investi- gate when complaints are made and stop any scheme which proves to be using the mails to defraud. They do not pretend to assume that there are not legitimate plans by which people may earn money at home. An inspec- tion of the postal records on such cases, however, would lead any pru- dent person to investigate carefully | before sendings money on any such | plan. The advice of Egolf to the ef- | fect that all other mail-order-part- | time-work-at-home schemes were de- | cidedly suspicious seems to have been pretty good. Since the Post Office declares that he was in the same line of business, he ought to know. THINK IT OVER Anything in the Paper? By William Mather Lewis, President George Washington University.| “Anything in the paper today?" This is an oft-repeated question. And the answer frequently N there’s not a bit of new: g0 into the woods for a week and do | not see a daily newspaper, we there- after learn that there is always something in the paper. The stock which we could have sold to advan- tage last Tuesday has now fallen off 10 points, an interesting concert is missed, a good friend has died, an important political situation has de- veloped, a turn has come in a Euro- | pean industrial crisis. Nothing in the paper! There is never an issue of a representative American daily that does not have in it an amazing fund of information. The weather report, the financial forecast, the sporting news, current history from all parts of the globe, social activities, theatrical and other entertainments, commercial announce- ments of various kinds in the adver- tising columns. humorous bits, | thoughtful editorials on matters of | public policy—these are but a few of the features presented by our daily papers. The newspaper om%n is the reser- 1926—PART 2. Capital Sidelights ‘The congressional brain is being studied, and both House and Senate have resolutions pending when they return to Subsidize and authorize the work of a well known Washington sclentist, Dr. Arthur MacDonald, whe is now making studies of the domes under the great Capitol dome along anthropological, psycho-physical and statistical lines. It is pointed out that the 435 mem- bers of the House and the 96 mem- bers of the United States Senate rep- resent the cream that has come to the top of the political milk_ bottle. The resolution, fathered by Senator Copeland and Representative Kin- dred of New York, both noted doctors, proposes to supplement the human record in the Congressional Directory with a solemn anthropological record for posterity Dr. MacDonald has verified from public documents the current sus- picion that those members known as progressive reformers talk the most. He has found that talking is also a characteristic of the members iith the most education. It seems that the more one learns, the more one talks. He has developed a record to show that those Senators with common school education talked but little more than half as often as those with uni- versity training: that professional men take the floor far oftener than do busi- ness men, and that Senators with previous legislative experience are the most successful in getting bills passed. Already Dr. MacDonald has anthropologized some <25 Senators and 75 members of the House. Who they are the Doctor will not say, nor does he feel that he has yet gone far enough to justify any generaliza- tions. Dr. MacDonald hopes that the re- search program which he has in view will be but the beginning of a sclentific study of successful men, not only in the United States but throughout the world. If the experi- ments prove to be of value, other nations will doubtless be eager to join the program. This would be particularly true of natfons such as France and Japan, where a high level of scientific research prevails. He has signed over his own body for scientific study after his death and has urged that other profession- al workers do likewise, saying that, “just as we are benefited by the knowledge of our ancestors from whom we have recelved most of vhat we are, so we, in turn should make onr ancestorship beneficial to future generations.” L Mammoth Cave, one of the seven wonders of the world, will before long become a national park under ad- ministration of the Federal Govern- ment, in consequence of legislation ced in the closing days of Con- gress. When a minimum of 20.000 acres of land is given to the Gov- ernment, the region legally may be designated for national park pur- poses. An Interesting account of the early history of this greatest cavern known to man throughout the entire world is glven by Representative Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky. It was discovered by John Hutchins in 1808. Hutchins, a famous hunter of his day, had wounded an enormous bear, and while in pursuit of his wounded game was led by the retreating animal to the mouth of the cave, which the bear entered, and which Hutchins ex- plored for only a short distance. yet far enough to realize something of its immense size. He reportzd his discovery of the cave, but no definite explorations were made for two or three years, and then only for a dis- tance of tew miles from the entrance. . Mammoth Cave. siuated in - monson County, ., was purchased in 1811 by a Mr. McLean, who bought the cave and 200 acres of Jand about its mouth for the sum of $40. It was wanted Ly Mr. Malean because it was rich in nitreous earth, from which saltpeter is made. During th War of 1812, the cave property h ing been acquired by Mr. Gatewood and then sold to Messrs. Gratz and Wilkins, a fortune was made for the owners by the manufacture of salt peter, for during this war the Ameri- cans’ were solely in need of gun- powder, and as saltpeter is one of its principal ingredients. there was a great demand by the Government for all the saltpeter Mammoth Cave could produce. It 18 claimed by his +orfans that the cause of the Amerl- cans would have failed in the conflict had it not been for the home manu- tacture of saltpeter in the Mammoth Cave during the war, as all foreisn supply had been cut off by a strict and general embargo. Powder manu- factured from the material taken from Mammoth Cave had just heen furnished to Capt. Bainbridge of the “O1d ITronsides,” when— Her thunders shook the mighty deep— in that brilliant victory over the British fleet off the coast of Brazil. Commodore Perry's fleet of nine ves- sels had been supplied with powder from the same source fust before he met the hostile fleet near the west end of Lake Erie in September, 1813. 1 need not recount the result of that desperate encounter. Perry was en- abled to send his historic dispatch— We have met the encmy and they are ours. The same powder was used by Gen. Jackson’s famous Kentucky and Tennessee _riflemen. when, in the Battle of New Orleans, they won un- 4ying fame for their marksmanship and courage. The remains of these old saltpeter works are still to be seen within the cave. The daughter of Mr. Gratz, one of the owners of the cave, was a beaut- ful Jewess and a friend of Washing- ton Irving, who related the story of her romance to Sir Walter Scott in 1817. Shortly thereafter, “Ivanhoe” ap- peared. in 1819, Scott sent one of the first coples to Irving, askng, “How do you like your Rebecca? The firm of Gratz & Wilkins dis- posed of the cave in 1816, togetner with approximately 1,600 acres of land. to James Maore, a Philadelphia merchant, who was ruined, it is re- lated, by his complications with Burr and Blennerhasseit. The property then passed once more into the hands of Mr. Gatewood, who made it « place of exhibition to the public. — e Popular Pilferers. From the Detroit News. Popular song writers are persons who rummage the classics for their melodies and steal the words from one another, a voir into which pour from the tele- graph wire and radio machine and telephone; from the letter and mimeo- graphed sheet, from the desks of alert reporters, the great streams of the day’s activities. And the editors boil it down for us. Newspapers more and more are be- ing used as adjuncts to text books in school and college classrooms, and their vast stores of information thus are being given specific educational direction. It would be an excellent thing if our students were given a course of lectures on “How to Read a Newspaper.” Without such instruc- tion a newspaper may mean to one merely a sports page, to another a so- ciety column, to another a stock re port. But every newspaper is all these things and many more. An in telligent person who has method in his newspaper reading can keep abreast of the times by 15 minutes’ daily assoclation with his favorite Jjournal. (Covrrisht. 1926.) MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. He had faced death so often, and cheated it, it seems difficult to belleve that at last the decision has gone against him. It seems only yesterday he was serlously explaining to the writer how a recent fall from an air- plane had taken at least 10 strokes off his golf game. His ankle had been ‘“busted,” as he, a gentleman from Mississippi, expressed it, and in favor- ing this ankle he was swinging easler at the ball and getting drives as long and as straight as a professional. And he had made so light of the dangers of flying. He had been com- pelled to leap half a dozen times from fafling and falling machines, but al- ways had managed to get the old parachute to work in time. On Wed- nesday last at Dayton, Ohio, however, his motor falled, there was a tail spin, a_jump, a tangle, and Lieut. Lugene Ti. Barksdale, war ace and chief test pilot at McCook Field, plunged to his death before the s of F. Trubee Davison, Assistant Secretary of War, and himself an aviator. Lieut. Barksdale's last crash, prior to the fatal one, came when the wings were lost from a machine he was test- ing. It is interesting to recall what he said as we trudged across the links of the Dayton Country Club, how he laughed when he was asked about the “last thoughts” of a man facing actual death and escaping by an eyelash. He grinned like a boy when it was suggested that his whole life must have passed before his eyes, as it al- ways does in a story book, and that for seeming ages he must have dwelt upon the things he ought to have done and the things which should have been left undone. ““My thoughts were purely mechani- cal most of the time,” said the leu- tenant;: “1 wondered if 1 was high enough for the parachute to work properly. Perhaps I gave a moment's reflection to the fact that the last time I went down my companion in the ship was killed. 1 don't know that I actua'ly did. In any event I had had ample time to know the old ship I was testing was going to pleces. The wings began to wobble. I shut off the throttle and then it seemed as if some giant dog had caught the plane in his teeth and was shaking it like a terrier would a rat. “Then the wings flew off and 1 started to plunge downward. | got a bit tangled with one of the wings, but in a moment or two was free. Then 1 began reaching for the ring to re lease the old 'chute. T couldn't find it. I reached twice. Then I got mad at myself for forgetting one of the first lessons in flying—the right way to reach for and pull the parachute ring I got it in time, however, and here [ am, with a busted ankle but a vastly improved golf-game. ““You mustn't think of flying as so dangerous,” he explained: “and vou mustn’t think all airplanes lose thei wings a thousand feet up. I just hap- pened to get this old fellow when he decided to give up the ghost.” this must have been the spirit with which Barksdale met his defeat and death at last. Once more he a thousand feet up, once more he was testing one of the many machines and devices which go to make up the Army equipment, once more thera came the failure, once more he got tangled with the “old ship.” but this time it would not let him go. [l crashed to instant death. He prob ably was fighting to the last foot and had no time to think other than of the job before him. In commenting upon the Barksdale philosophy of flying this writer said ‘““When the old parachute works the falls don’t amount to much. Wher it fails—the work of testing and fiying goes on the next day just the smma. The conquest of the air must new:s lag." And so at Dayton at many other flelds. they will fiving by day and by night, and m yeung vikings of the air will go t thelr death that a science may he cnme secure. tomorrow. and Winston Churchill, lor of the necessary once more his friends and enemies feels he has a pe cize the “Yankees." being one-hal® Yank himself. In spite of all he saye about America and Americans and tha harshness of the war debt terms im- pesed by Uncle Sam. Chancellor Churchill is mighty proud of his American blood. And during the World War, when things were at their darkest for Eng land and the allies he never hesitated to tell his own people, as well as the French and the Belgians, that the: could never expect to win the wa unless America came In. That was how he felt aheut America in those days, and he probably thinks the some way today. But. as one brothe always feels the right to speak mor: freely about another brother than i would permit any one else to Churchill feels he can say pro muc as he darn pleases ahout the United States and get away with it He can always claim that blood re lationship on his mother's side, ever it he does remain an Englishman fo: pelitical and other purposes. Amer ns who know Ch find it difficult to get criticisms. b exchequer, ish chances s fourd 1t to_explain to alike that ha right to ertt rehill will angry at his The wag who remarked some tine g0 that men were giving up smok ng because it was becoming tao ef feminate said more than he had an: dea of. The modern clty restauran comes very near proving the contey tion. At the smart hotels and at the jmore exclusive restaurants, reei a woman enters without smoking. A1 she begins to smoke the moment sh sits down. Men generally wait until the meal has been served. Ioyrther- more. an observer has noticed scores o[ women smoking at tables where the man is abstaining from the wicked weed. It is easy for any per son to check these statements. They It should be comforting to those who knew him best to realize that are undeniably true. (Coprright, | Fifty Years"Ago In The Star Campaign cheese paring in order fifty yvears ago ‘und l'vm::;esel. . trying to make « Campaign-Year record of economy . for political pur Cheeseparing. poces, was dofns: some remarkable slashing and cutting in the appropriations. A peculiar evi- dence of this disposition to prune the provisions for Government mainte nance is noted in The Star of August 7, 1876, as follows: ‘he clause in the sundry civil act appropriating one month ay o those discharged in Febr from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing contains the following pro viso: ‘“That in case of their restoration to the employment in the Government service one-half of said month's pay shall be deducted from thelr first month's pay after sucn restoration. and the remaining half of said month's pay shall be deducted from their second month's wages after such restoration.” “This s a positive injustice. ghould be & limitation fixed operations of this proviso. a poor woman should be restored to ‘employment in the Government serv ice’ at this late v, after having heen out of employment for fully six months, would it be fair to deduct the small bounty allowed by the nct from her scanty wages? Nothing might be urged against the reduction was There to the where the former employe was re stored after one or two months' en- forced idleness, but to make the re- duction without regard to time is an act unworthy of Congress. As supplementual act must be asked in order to make the sum voted, $25.000, adequate to the object contemplated, a clause should be inserted in the supplemental act providing that the reduction should be made only from those who may have been restored to ‘employment in the government serv fce' prior to July 1. 1876, or prior to the passage of the sundry civil act As the act now stands, those who shall not be restored for vears to come would be liable for the return of the month's pay voted under the proviso above quoted.” . * Drastic cuts in the appropriations for executive department personnel were made by Con- Wholesale gress in pursuance of Dismissals. the policy of economy The situation is thus discussed in The i 1 of August 10, he fiat has gone forth that no less than 765 emploves in the execu tive departments are to be dismisced. for no cause, within the next three months. The reduction is simply ar bitrary and is made solely for 2 political purpose. That it is arbitrary was shown by Senator Conkling in his remarks yesterday. The legisla tive bill provides for the discharge from the Treasury alone of no less than 491 employes, or per of the entire force. Mr. Conkling said that when we remember that we are assured the Treasury Depart- ment has of late heen administered with ability, the high reformatory aim of that administration, with an eye single to economy, and with an earnest effort for retrenchment, it was difficult to accept as fact the statement that 491 persons can sum- marily be withdrawn from the work ing force that operates the depart- ment and not utterly cripple it. “Mr. Windom, chairman of the con ference committee, on the part of the Senate gave that body plainly to un- derstand that this reduction was not made with the concurrence of the heads of departments and that for one he believed that it would cause serious delays and greatly impair the efficlency of the public service. It should he understood that the Senate conferces were forced to accede to the demand of the House In the matter of reduction, since the House could refuse to make the necessary appropriation Mr. Windom well said further that if he should advocate the reduction of the pay of members of Congress it would be an act of sheer demagogism that the one thing which an honest people hate above all others is an attempt to deceive, and that the thinga they most approve of are Ronesty and courage last | uppose | n|foned at the neck cent | '| This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. | Jack Spratt is not, of course, only clean cat in the world jare clean, gtven half a chance [the “alloy rabbits” do well. the All cat~ Eve surprisingly Here is the story of another clean cat. contained in a letter received lust week. It reads, in part, as follows “Dear Sir: Yesterday, ufter reading Ithe story of yack Spratt. the cleanls |eat, in The Sunday Star, I wondered if You would be interested in the story jof a cat 1 used to have, but which i | now in possession of my sister in Pennsylvania. i | “She was given to me as a pet wher | she was only 2 weeks old, and 1 to feed Lier with a spoon=the mean. When she began to se {the way she should I began i her tricks | “One was to jump at command {upon a bed or chair and to lie dows | there until told she might get down Another was to ‘shake hands,” which he did with a ° me* afr. 11 one pestered her too often to shake hands, she would administer a gentle bite to the handshaker “She was taken ill when E & months old. and T svered | shipped her in Pennsylvania, where he suill makes her home. She is heautifull marked with broad black stripes on « of tan. while underneath he from chin to tail, she is pure “i cat, | things teach she was when she to my sister | white. “Just below her chin the dark fi meets, looking for all the world as if |she had on a wrap of some kind but he has another pecullar marking, and that 1s a dark ‘weskit’ fastened with three black ‘buttons’ about the size of a_telephons pea over her white-bosomed shirt.* ok ok ok The writer goes | Fluff—-so the ¢ is called found a ihv( terri its new home. with whict | it became good friends after a few | preliminary hostilities. mes “tag” were their favorite sport Alas for friendships' They m |be broken! continued the writer “Soon the dog was taken ill with dis temper, and while he lay dving the cat sat cloda by, watching his death with manv a questioning . with &ounds eoming from ithroat that sounded for ail the wor 188 though she were trying to sympa thize with him. She brought the rub ber hall that they played with lafd it at hls feet, but he was too fa gone to play, and when he final: passed on she gave one long monrr ful ‘meow’ and hunted him all over ithe place for nearly a week. The point of the story was near | forgotten. and that is that her white | ‘weskit' is always spotiess, as alen {her four white paws | “Vers truly vours o i *row o The above ia a pleasing pleture of | cat who f2 a friend of a family. It 1s duplicated in thousands upon thou sands of homes throughout the United States. For centuries the cat has< | been coming nto its own, until toda: ]it stands at the heights of cat appre .(-ia(lnn | Cats get on the front pages of news | papers now, whereas formerly onlv {dogs achleved that eminence. A | good “cat story” today is as widelv \read as a good story about doge | When eminent English jurists de |clared that a tomeat was entitled to {roam at night the whole world ap ! plauded. on to sav tha B " “Love me. love my dog.” might a | most he given an alternate reading “Love me. love my cat.” Recall the story of the two men of a Middle West town who journeyed hundreds | of miles to find their pet. The story of the cat who found it way home from Florida to Pittshurgh |won sympathy from hundreds of i thousands of newspaper readers. A | cat afloat on a bit of wreckage stopped a great liner. |” On every side there are indication that a new dav has dawned for the houws ~at —a dav when he wins the fruit{ o1 nis cleanliness, his industry in catching mie. his quiet dignity his erace and beauty When # motorman stops his streat Jcar to avoid running over a cat and | when men gently lift a_kitten from heneath the wheels of their automo bfle, where it had sought repose, ha sure that the eat has come ints fta! own.