Evening Star Newspaper, June 27, 1926, Page 41

THREE EASTERN PARKS DECLARED Shenandoah, Great- PUBLIC NEED Smokies and Mam- moth Cave Areas Meet Requirements for Playgrounds, Says Thatcher. BY M. H. THATCHER, ‘Member of Congress f:om Kentucky. Editor's note—Represent: the “author of the bill recently enacted by Congress which provides for the estanlish ment of the Mammoth Cave National Park. A mimilar bill also en; t the same time Drovides fo: the estan it of the She ndoah _ and Great Smoky Mountains Na- $adown and at Smoky Mountains Na. ' ive Thateher is HE Congress of the United States took a great forward stride when, recently, it en- acted two measures pro- viding for the establishment of an adequate system of national| parks east of the Mississippt River. One of these biils provides for the establishmert of the Shenandoah tlonal Park in the Blue Ridge endonh section of Virg nost within sight of the Nation's Capitol, and the Great Mountains National ¥ n ost rugged of the Appalnchian system ving within *ha Siates of North Carolina_and The other bill provides for 1i the Mammoth en- Jous Mammo cly veaction of the people | ¢ {ls by Cor ing character expected. how creatlve here ang of a reastlor splendid! step will with eritieism sarneter, Thus, it t Congress in islation had knewladie o0 informi- “hn national p ind was influenced nolitieal considera- enind as b of fa sm, i A crth Southern Park als of the Inter is wholly unjust. ¢ must vet be hase the ee national criticism of any mis- rd to the met or ex- ne measure any o s enaotmen no adequ tion sonse: projects iz in its action tlon. This t out any feur Any analy the actior lachtan any 1ranter ot in re statements o subJe plained, misht “in o s hinder or vetar? the work of raising the racuire® ‘unds. 1t may be well, therefora, ‘o something of the| s which kave bean resulted in the lation men- in a gen- any eriti- taken W enactme tioned, eral w ecisms inv to dy of these steps will | fact that Con; has acted because of any politics considerations, but thwough a sin- | cere desive to provide for the people 3 areat region e of the ppi River thie system of na- no | project three projects, and to receive definite of donations of lands and and to securn such options as he might consider just and reason. able for the purchase of lands within these bowuy daries. as might be recom- mended for national park purposes, the Secretary of the Interfor was au- thorized to appeint a commission of fine members, ‘‘composed of a repre- sentative of the Interior Department and four national park experts, said four members to serve without com- pensation.” Same Commission Named. ‘Thereupon the Secretary appointed such body, known, as the Southern Appalachian National Park Commis- sion, and made up of the same mem- Dbership as that which had constituted the Southern Appalachian national park committee, hereinbefore men- tioned. The members of this commis. sion aguin wisited the Shenandoah fon in Virginia, the Great Smol Monntains region in North and Tennessee, and also v Mammoth Cave vegion in Keituck and arranged for the taking of op- tions in the needed lands in the re- spective areas. The commission, act- ing an a direct agency of the Interior Depariment and the indlrect agency of Consvess, made a careful study of the three projects touching thelr fitne: tional park system, and on April 8, submitted its formal report. In this report the commission rec- ommended the establishment of all three of these proposed national parks. on condition that all the lands reportéd by the commission to be re- quired be conveyed to the United Stat free of cost or charge. The commission, in its report, Indicated the minimum and maximum land areas which should be thus acquired and set for the maximum boun- daries by Awtailed description. ait of the commission's rec- ommendation for the creation of the doah and Great Smoky Moun- Par! it referred to ns set forth in the report of the Southern Appalachian Natlonal Park committee. In brief, the scenic beauty of the Blue Ridge-Shenandoah ection, coupled with its historic set- ting and nearness to the National Capital, were urged as giving that national park status. The rugged grandeur of the mountains of the Great Smokies area constitutes the major feature of that project. In behal? of the Mammoth project, the report of the commission was in more detail, and the following is quot- ed from the commission's report to in- dicate some of the many reasons which influenced the members of the commission in giving unqualified ap- proval to the Mammoth Cave National Park project: 5 Best Known Cavern. Your commission has also made a 1ks to which they are so entitled. | the Secret of the In-| terior oppointed a committee to make arvey and study of the aveas com- | ed in the proposed Smoky Mountain ‘ts. ‘This committee wa of men of the highes wnd eminently _qualitie 1 eminently park 1 comprised character for the wor five membes Dr. Henr Congress tary, Col chief topogrs United representative of partment on the com other members, Maj. W. A. Welsh, chief en - ‘and general manager of - the Interstate Park of New Jersey: Harlan P. Kelsey, former president palachian Mountain Club 3 and William (. « of the National Arts Club of New York. In the same vear, after makinz the studies in| question, the committee united in a report to the Secretary of the In- terfor declaring the nattonal park eligibility of these two projects. This report was made by the commission under date of December 12, 1924, and received the approval of the Secre- tary of the Interior. As pointed out by the public lands committee of the House and the pub- lle lands and surveys committee of the Senate, in th vorable reports on the bill providing for the estab- lishment of the Mammoth Cave Na- tional Park, the acquisition of the Mammoth Cave area for national park purposes was strongly urged by Stephen T. Mather, then and now di- rector of the National Park Service, in his annual reports of 1918, 1919 and 1920. Also, as indicated in the same two committee reports, the Secretary of the Interior, In 2 formal communi- cation to the chairman of the House committee on public lands in June, 1924, In regard to a pending in Congress relatinz to the Mammoth Cave project. declared that “the Mammoth Cave is one of the m widely known natural features of Americn,” # “‘unquestionably the Man:s > is worthy of na- tional purk status.’ Many Bills Introduced. For vears bills have bLeen before Congress providing for the appropria- tion of funds for the purchase of the Mammoth e lands for national park purposes, but, Congress has never inaugurated a policy of author: izing appropriations for the acqui tion of national park areas, and with the necessity of paying our World War tndebtedness and reducing taxes before 1t is not now con- sidered advi Congr Hence, in the legislation providing for the establishment of the Shenandoah, Great smoky Mountain and M moth Cave national parks, it is - cificafly provided that all of the re- quired lands must be conveyed to the United States free of c All of the national parks in the West have been carved out of the national do- main, but there ave no public land areas In the East fitted for national park purposes. Therefore only pri- vately owned lands may be secured for such purposes After years of d the great natio were created, conelusion that for the taking of pract the e: ishment of na in the I With the tion of & very small unit—Latancite Natfonal Park, on the coast of Matne—sall of our tional parks lie west of the Mississippi River, and praoticaily all of them lie west of thy eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. Yet, more than two-thirds of our American population reside cast of the Migsissippt, and the overwhelming number of them find it tmpossible, as a practical matter, ever to 8ee @& na- tional park because of the travel dis- tances involved. At the second session of the Sixty- eighth Congress there was passed by the House and Senate, wnd on Feb- rudry 21, 1925, approved by the Prest- dent, an act entitled: “An act to pro- vide for the securing of lands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains and in the Mammmoth Cave regions of Ken- tucky for perpstual preservation as national parks.” 1In order to deter- mine the boundaries aad aksas of e Chairman, member of nia; secre- | Smith, acting engineer of the al_Survey and the Interior De- ittee, and three follows W. Temple, from scussion, and after <s of the West C ve: the time ingle excep- Cave region of Keftucky and believes sufficient reasons xist to warrant its acceptance as a national park if re- quirements are met as outlined in this report. Below are briefly outlined some of these reasons, “Mamtoth Cave is the best known and probably the largest of a remark- careful ex:\mlnat!(zt‘f the Mammoth | able group of limestone caverns, 20 or more of which have been opened up and explored to a greater or less ex- tent. Included in this group are Colossal’ Cavern, Great Onyx Cave, new entrance to Mammoth Cave, Salts Cave, Procter Cave, Long Ave- nue Cave, Great Crystal Cave, Cave of the Hundred Domes, Diamond Cave, Mammoth Onyx Cave, Dixon Cave and others, all of which contain beautiful and wondertul formations. “There is good evidence that many more caverns yet to be discovered ex- ist in this immediate territory, and it seems likely that most, if not all, of this entire group of caverns eventual- 1y will be found to be connected by passageways forming a great under- ground labyrinth of remarkable ge- ological and recreational interest per- haps unparalleled elsewhere. The territory which embraces this net- work of caverns consists of about 000 acres, or an area approximatel four miles wide and six miles long. Another geological feature of much interest is found in the thousands of curious sink holes of varying sizes, through which much of the dralnage is carried to. underground streams, there being few surface brooks or creeks. River Flows Through Area. ““The Mammoth Cave area 1s situated in one of the most rugged portions of the great Mississippi Valley and con- tains areas of apparently original for- ests which, though comparatively nall in extent, are of prime value from an ecological and sclentific standpoint and should be preserved for all time in iis virgin state for study and enjoyment. Much of the proposed area is now clothed in forest through which flows the beautiful and navigable Green River and its branch, the Nolin River. “All this offers exceptional oppor- tunity for developing a great national recreational park of outstanding serv- ice in the very heart of our Nation's densest population and at a time when the need is increasingly urgent and most inadequately provided for.” The commission also set forth in its report the fact that there had been raised in behalf of the Shenan- doah project a minimum net sum of $1,249,000 for the purchase of lands needed for that project; and the sum of $1,066,693.91 for the purchase of lands needed for the: purpose of the Great Smoky Mountains project, and the donation of 3,629.13 acres of cave lands and cavy rights, including Colossal Cavern and other very val- uable cave property, altogether valued at a half-mil.fon dollars, for the pur- poses of the Mammoth Cave National Park project. All of these funds and donations resulted through local en- terprise. Subrhitted to Congress. This report was submitted to Con- gress by the Secretary of the Interior on the 14th day of April, 1926, with approval of toe Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains projects, and without specific recommendation as to the Mammoth Cave project. There- upon a bill was introduced in Con- gress providing for the establishment of the Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountalrs National Parks, agreeably to the terms and recor.mendations #mbraced in the report of the com- mission, and there also was intro- duced a bill providing for the estab- lishment of the Mammoth Cave Na- tional Park, embodying the terms and conditions prescribed in the report of the commission as to that project. These bills were introduced in both houses, and formal hearings were held thereon by the House committee on public lands and by the Senate com- mittee on public lands and surveys. At these hearings vroponents of the bills, members of the aforesaid com- misston, and representatives of the In- terior Department appeared. Both conimittees made unanimous reports favor of the two measures, and these reports set forth in detail the reasons why, in the opinion of the committees, these national parks should be established. The commit- tees, in considering this legislation, relied largely on the report of the |nation really knew w for inclusion in our na- f! | HE way to secure peace will in- clude the older ways, and something never befort tried nor even considered. Certain it is that, even as in the wag- ing of war weapons become obsolete and are scrapped, so in the waging of peace new forces must be called into No machinery, however perfect 1 and execution, will avail to make peace secure, though it may postpone, rather than prevent war. T assume that our business as Ameri- cans is with the immediate question— what contribution, if any, can we hope to make to the solution of the prob- lem how to make peace secure? Our place respecting the problenr is very different from what it was in the hap- pler pre-war days. Then we knew not war, nor the meaning of peace, nor our own relation to these two sides of the overshadowing problem of man- kind. * k kX A generation and more had passed since our last war, not counting our rather gratuitous and inglorious foray into Cuba. War had become for us, as a result of our civil strife in the 1860’s, a starting point for reconcilia- tion and Kkindline: Like the Eu- ropean peoples, we knew not war's meaning. Unlike them, we did not its dread imminence. In truth, no at war might become, for the ghastliness of war lies in_its unpredictables. 1t anything, we knew less of peace, touching which we thought we knew that it followed automatically and in- evitably upon war, even as war inter- rup‘ed peace. Of w we know that its content and methods are unknow- able. Of peace we know that it is dif- ficu't and baffling and that there i nothing sure about it save its elusive- ness. Nineteen hundred and eighteen and the years which have followed have taught us that after war comes truce, not peace; that it is almost as far from truce to peace as from war to truce. Now one understands why men went into a frenzy over the armistice, as if they foreknew that nothing more than the prelude to peace could be hoped for. Not the wisest clearly foresaw that the fatal blunder was to attempt BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended June .20: * ok kK Great Britain.—The government has submitted to the Commons two bills relating to the coal-mining industry. One makes permissive (should miners consent thereto) for the next five years an eight-hour working day in the mines (the seven hours’ act ning on the statute book). The other goes a _considerable part of the way toward providing for the re- organization of the industry” recom- mended by the report of the Coal Commission. Gen. Sir George Higginson, the oldest living British general, cele- brated his 100th birthday anniversary on Monday. His townsmen of Great Marlow, that charming town on the Thames, made holiday and turned out en masse to honor the magnificent old man. Sir George's career has spanned three reigns and overlapped two. Tle was patted on the back by George 1V, as a lad at Eton he cheered Queen Victorla on her wedding day, at 19 he received his first commission from the hands of the great Duke of Wel- lington. As a small boy he drank tea in France with Beau Brummell, then in his drab decline. He served with distinction in the Crimean War. Though the population of England and Wales has during the past 50 years increased from 20,000,000 to 39,000,000, the number of murders per ear has not increased, the annual total having been almost stationary Le., about 150. The total number of homicides, including murder and manslaughter, in England and Wales during 1925 was 274, as compared h 7,778 in the United States in 9 and 1,983 in Italy in 1918. An offic report, noting some increase in the number of “crimes of dishon- esty,” discovers some falling oft of commercial probity, “which may have had its origin in opportunities for getting rich quickly afforded in cer tain quarters by the Great War. This is a reasonable explanation. * k k% France.—It will be recalled that on June 18 Herriot undertook the attempt .to form a government. Briand's last effort had been for a combination that should command the support of the moderate Right, the Center and a considerable minor- ity of the radical Socialists—I those who, against general opposi- tion from the Left, had voted his proposal of a commission of economic experts which should draw up a plan of fiscal and financial rehabili- tation and who had by so voting prolonged the life of a gov rnment of prevailingly Left complexion. At first Herriot tried to “conciliate the support of the Center and moderate Right, intending, apparently, a gov- ernment of somewhat broader basis than Briand’s last conception, in that it should have the support of most, if not all, of the radical Socialists. But the Right and Center leaders turned him down flat. He then turned to the unified Soclalists, proposing another purely Left government of radical Socialists and unified So- cialists, but, as of old, the unified Socialists den\zmde? as the price of their participatiom large concessions to their extremist program. Her- riot quit at once’ (Sunday, the 20th) and Briand again stepped to the fore. After prayerful consideration Poincare refused the finance post. There is, of course, much specula- tion as to his reasons. The most plausible explanation 1is that he feared that, because of the intense dislike for him of even the more conservative radical Socialists, he might do Briand more harm than good. Doumer was next considered, but in the end Calllaux was the man. Of course, that meant that neither Poincare (who had been congidered for the justice portfolio) nor Painleve would adorn the gov- ernment. On June 23 the completed new cabinet was announced as fol- lows: __ Premier and minister of foreign at- fairs, Aristide Briand. Vice president of the council and minister of finafice, Joseph Caillaux. Minister of justice, Plerre Laval. Minister of _the interlor, Jean Durand. . Minister of war, Gen. Guillaumat. Minister of marine, George Leygues. Minister of education, M. Nogaro. Minister of public works, Danfel Vincent. 4 Minister of agriculture, M. Pinet. Minister of commerce, M. Chapsal. Minister of colonies, M. Perrier, Minister of labor, M. Durafour. Minister of pensions, M. Jourdain, The complexion of the above group is seen to be prevailingly Left. Ap- parently it looks for support from the same elements that supparted the late cabinet in it's latter days. It is understood that Briand has pledged to Caillaux as much power as he may mmuu‘mngm- pleda NCIMAINE, DN, M8 PRWEE the | to secure peace before men had shaken off the war-mood, and that no peace thus devised could or ought to be se- cure, * ok ok ¥ In one respect, we were better off than other nations. They feared war, chiefly because they knew that any arena of war might touch half the lands of ISurope. They knew some- what more than we did concerning the baffling difficultles of peace, which had not really returned to X urope since the crime of 1870-1. They knew almost as little about ourselves gs we did. And now our positions are be- come more nearly parallel. We, too, know war and we hate it, perhaps I should say despise it with a sturdy and wholesome contempt. American youth, despite the jingoes big and lit- tle, organized and unorganized, venal and mad, is under no illusions with re- spect to war. Less clear are our minds with re. spect tq peace though we know the dif- ference between the glorified and per- petuated armistice terms of Versailles and a peace pact worthy of the name. Our power for war we know, because we have exercised it. Our power for peace we do mot quite know, because nearly 10 vears after the armistice it still remains unexerted. As we think upon it, that power for peace grows out of the weakness of the nations, the strength of ourselves and the un- composed state of the nations. * ok ok And now, these preliminary obser- vations out of the way, we must reso- lutely face the problem, What can we do to secure world peace? That we desire a renewal of war is unthink able. 1t is far less difficult for us to “keep peace” than for any other na- tion on earth. No other people are as remote from its equals and as over- whelmingly powerful in regard to its neighbors as are we. We cannot go to war with our continental neighbors, the dominion of the North or the re- !public_of the South, without being false to the promise of ;100 years and more of peace with English-speaking Cdnada, or stooping to the shame of Mexican spoliation. Let us, as in the pre-war days, borrow a Teutonic term and decla that an intra-American to effect drastic economies. We await with curiosity the ministerial declara- tion. Will the chamber be asked to grant the equivalent of a financial dictatorship? What of the Berenger debt agreement? How does Caillaux propose to avoid further inflation? How to reduce the burden of service of the internal debt, which amounts to nearly three-fifths of the national expendliture? Will Caillaux assert his individual views or will he follow closely the program soon to be recom- mended by the commission of experts? The maximum legal limit of ad- vances from the Bank of France to the state s 39,500,000,000 francs. The tatal advanced on June 24 was 36,600, 000,000 francs. The maximum legal limit of note circulation is 58,500,000, 000 francs. The amount in circu- lation on June 24 was 53,073,100,000 francs, The franc has made a considerable recovery. On June 13 fts quotation | was 2.723; on New York exchange, on the 24th it was But on Friday, the 25th, it dropped to 2.85% on an unconfirmed rumor that M. Robineau, governor of the Bank of France, had resigned. * ¥ % X Germany.—The proposal to confis- cate the properties of former ruling tamilies of Germany was defeated. The Weimar constitution requires that on a referendum a majority of the quali fled voters cast ballots, else the re y Rabbi Stephén S. Wise, war is “ausgeschlossen,” ruled out of the realm of possibility. * kK K Again, what can and ought we do in order to secure world peace? The query rightly predicts that we are interested in world peace and not merely in peace for oursclves, and that the larger hope is accepted by us as our larger duty. We can do ome thing, make for peace coniinu- ously, which is the only way to make it sure of secure. Intermittent peace efforts were tolerable in a world which knew not that the forces of war never rested though at times they But we will never arise to wise and persistent peace effort unless we face two truths, one, ceaseless war efforts can be counteracted only, if at all, by equally persistent and, if possible, more effective peace efforts. And the second truth js that, though there are such things as pre-war machina- tion and war machinery, there can be no such thing as automatic peace engineery. The effort to make world peace se- cure may from time to time embody itself in certain types of national and international machinery to be ener- gized by the power of the living will * Kk Kk But over and beyond all else, a living will to peace must direct any and all peace machinery whether as- sembled at Geneva or dissembled at Versailles. That is my answer to the question oft leveled .at one who is frankly an Internationalist, do you not think that America has taken a real | step forward internationally by en tering into the World Court? Yes, a step forward! But, that is all. The worst thing that could happen to America would be if it should come to pass that our entry into the World Court discharges our international oh Our advent into the World | 8 ken the assumption of | world obligations. Our country's participation in the World Court can no more make world peace secure than can the League of For each of these is no more than an organism to be vitalized and energized by the nations leagued | together under one aegis or another. | It cannot be repeated too often that | the machinery of war may be trusted | sult is null; a sensible provision. number of qualified voters in is about 40.000.000. Though 1 889,000 voted for the proposal and only 542,000 against, the proposal died use not enough votes were cast. se who voted contra showed ex of zeal, as they would have ac- complished just as much by staying at_home. The following is a translation of the text of the proposal: “The German people, through popu- lar initiative and referendum, decree the following law: “The entire fortunes of the princes | who ruled in the German stat | time of the revolution of 191 entire fortunes of the princely and their members, are confiscated without compensation in the interest of the general welfare. “The confiscated property is to be used to aid (a) the unemployed, (b) the war invalids and the war widows and orphans; () those dependent upon the public: (d) the needy the inflation: (e) the agricultural la- borers, tenants and peasants, through the creation of freeland from the con. fiscated estates. “The castles, residences and other buildings are to be used for general welfare, cultural and educational pur- poses, especially for convalescnt hos- i homes for war invalids, for and orphans, and for the s cially dependent, and for children homes and educational institutions.” (Continued from First Page.) two decades ago, is far behind the nations of Europe in its commercial use of aircraft. Unalded by the Gov- ernment, civil aviation has been left to struggle along as best it may. The struggle has been long and, generally speaking, is at a distinct disadvan- tage as compared with the govern- ment subsidized services of our sis- ter nations across the Atlantic. Al- though civil aviation in this country has been left to cope with its own problems without aid from the Gov- ernment, forelgn nations have shown the keenest interest in alding their nationals to develop air transporta- tion. Foreign nations, both great and small, have gone far ahead of this country in commercial alrcraft de- velgpment. America has nothing approaching the London-Paris aerial service, which carries passengers and light freight swiftly and on schedule between the two great European capitals. Great Britain, France, Germany, Ttaly, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Russia have sought, with- out exception, to place civil aviation on a permanent ‘basis. Total sub- sidies for aircraft transportation of England, France and Holland for 1924, at the current rate of exchange, amounted to about three million dollars. = Even though forelgn nations have gone far ahead of the United States in the new art of commercial air {Hoover to Criss-Cross U. S. With Air Lines | As First Step in Commercial Program transportation, leaders in the move- ment to extend aircraft use here see reason to hope for an even greater development in this countr Condi- tions in the United States, they say, are the most favorable in the world for commercial aviation by reason of geographical extent, freedom from customs trictions, unified politic interests, common business methods, high living standards and great ac- tivity in all forms of transportation. An Adjunct to the Military. Ctvil aviation in Europe is held to be_an indispensable adjunct to the military services by training pilots and encouraging research work whose fruits will be available in times of national stress. All the leading na- tions of Europe have undertaken to develop commercial aviation because it is recognized as an indispensable factor in national defense. Even Co- lombia and other South American countries, which are notably behind this Nation in_other factors, have gone far beyond us in civil aircraft its report that by January 1, 1927, mileage flown by all air transport agencies throughout the world will have been about 34,000,000. America has taken its first step for- ward in civil aircraft development. If the succeeding moves are undertaken with the energy and enterprise that have characterized our other commer- cial developments, within a decade this Nation will lead the entire world in commercial aircraft use. (Continued from First Page.) admission of Germany, will patently save the Locarno pacts, but it will not accommodate the crisis within the league, rather it will tend to accentu- ate the difficulty. Moreover, one must remember that even if the question of permanent seats be postponed there are six temporary seats to be filled each year, and thus a struggle can- not be avojded. The g victor powers, who made the treaty and the league, assigned permanent council seats to themselves. They also undertook to settle the question of the assignment of non-per- manent seats in such fashion as to re- tain control of the council. They have at times quarreled among themselves and divided the league, but in the main they have stood together on the principle that only great powers should have permanent seats and that the great powers should control the league. When Germany comes in, nothing is more certain than that she will take a hand at the game; she may even undertake to galu influence | by becoming the champion of the small powers. But so far the league has been able to act only when the great powers were agreed, it has been unable to do anything against the wish of a great power and the attitude of the great powers toward the league was best expressed when they went to Locarno, contracted to admit Germany to the mfls\‘nlfil Intrigue of Powers Forces Action of Brazil on League seat, made more or less tacit bargains among themselves to admit other members to ‘permanent seats on the council and then trled to ram this bargain down the throat of the league, first by sheer weight of au- thority and then by the brazen device of calling upon one nation to give up its seat so that the favored nation of a great power might be admitted in the face of the league protest. One may question the moiives of Brazil or, for that matter, those of Spain and Sweden, as much as one may choose; one may explain their actions as one pleases, but the essen- tial fact is that the combination of all three protests has been to drag into the open facts which must be faced and conditions which must be dealt with if the league is to function at all. The outstanding fact at the March meeting at Geneva, which saw the initial flasco, was that there was no league, no central authority, no col- lective will which acted or strove to act in the interests of world pacifica- tion, but only the representatives of some 50-0dd member nations, who sat by passive and helpless while the rep- resentatives of three great powers which were members, and a fourth, which was-not, bickered and bargained to get a compromise satisfactory to themselves which might be imposed upon the league. And but for Brazil the thing might in the end have been “put over” and represented as “an- other victory” for the league, victims of | use. The joint committee declared in |- Free Synagogue, New Yorlk. to create war, ‘but the machinery of peace cannot be trusted to make peace. The real probiém fs, now that we are to be in the World Court, what more can we do to secure world peace? Glory in not and shrink from the commitment which this involves! Of a nation Isben's word holds as true as of an individual, he who never commits himself never expresses him- self. The business of a nation is not 80 much fo express itself, that is to impact_itself advantageously, as to impress itself beneficently upon other nations. The older patriotism was: All for me! The new patriotism thine be thine and riine be mine! The newest patriotism shall run, I for all! ‘The query is not national isolation or international complication, but rather, out of Europe or out of war? * ok ok k And this time in our history en- hances the obligation which faces us. A century and a half ago, remote- ness and isolation were interchange- able terms. They are no longer that, when Alaska and northernmost Iu- rope can be spanned by an air flight of some hours. In the day of our birth, whilst yet we faced the test of the generations, we proclaimed freedom throughout the land to all the inhabitants thereof. Dare we under- tuke a larger proclamation after five generations have tested the work of our fathers and challenged the worth of their sons? That larger proclama- tion is to speak peace to them that are far and to them that are near Unless we do all that in us lie to make world peace secure, it will not come to pass. Vastly advantaged are we in that peace and plenty are our own and fear sits not at our helm oi state. Shall we as a people cherish these precious things as private boons | ov as solemn responsibility? Ener- gized, vitalized association of nations is the only machinery through which things may be wrought. If the as- sociation of natlons that now is seems unequal to the world’s need, shali we further impair its value by holding aloof or correct and direct the instru- mentality which lies at hand? Upon the answer to be given, depends the distinction of our country in the mak- ing secure of world pe: (Copyright. 19 | “The result of the vote is generally | regarded with by wel <hers of the s of the lectorate have clearly demonstrated detestation of monarchy, and there must be enough other millions thereof, | who are no less anti-monarchical, but | who don't like the notion of out and out confiscation, even in the case of | the princes, to make a safe majori of German voters opposed to monar- chical restorati The defeat of the conflscative pro-| posal does not mean that the princess| will keep all the vast properties claimed by them. A compromise meas- ure is now being hotly debated in the Reichstag. It seems probable that they | will in the end be allowed to keep only a modest proportion of those properties. - 1 ook Tslam.—A curious story comes to us| from Mecca. The FEgyptian hol carpet was being carried through the | town, escorted by a body of Egyptian | troops, the while an Egyptian band in the processiom discoursed music. Now music is anathega to thej| Wahabis, and a mob of those dourest | fundamentalists of Islam attacked the | progession. Thereupon the Egyptian troops opened fire, killing 25 of those children of the desert. | The disturbance was only ended by | the arrival on the scene of Ibn Saud| himself—Ibn Saud. Sultan of Nejd, | head of the Wahabis, newly self.| crowned King of Hejaz and self-ap-| pointed protector of the holy places| nd of the Haj, or Pilgrimage. Ibn| Saud intervened to s, though they spitality, having promised that the, b;n»xlld would be silent while on Hejazi | soil. As one suspected, in summoning a Pan-Islamic Congress at Mecca, Ibn Saud had in view something even | more important than the announced purpose of establishing a Pan-Islamic machinery for administration of the T | the Haj, or Pilgrimage, thereto. The Khilafat committee of India has sub- mitted to the congress a proposal | which contemplates a Khilafat League of the 240,000,000 or so Moslems in the | world, a good deal like the League of Natlons. Apparently it is proposed to have a council corresponding to the league council, a yearly assembly corresponding to the league assembly and a permanent secretariat. There would, moreover, be u president, of whose proposed prerog:iives and mode of appointment one awaits further in- formation. Presumably, Mecca would be the capital of the league. The above may well be far and away the most important news item of recent days. * k% % United States of America.—The Haugen farm relief bill was defeated in the Senate on Thursday, 45 to 39. The coalition of certain Western Re- publicans and certain Southern Demo-: crats cracked at the crisis, when sev eral Southerners bolted it. Twenty- three Republicans, fifteen Democrats and one Farmer-Labor member voted for the bill; twenty-four Republicans and twenty-one Democrats, against it. The President has signed the Navy air act, which authorizes expenditure of $85,000,000 over five years. The act provides for appointment of an Assistant Secretary of the Navy to supervise naval aviation and for the construction of 1,600 planes of several types and of two dirigibles of twice the size of the unfortunate Shenan- don.hi, !}l‘ c‘ontemp‘i:ltes that 1,000 serviceable planes shall al S hand for the Navy. Rl Dr. John Howland, professor of pediatrics in the Johns Hopkins Medi- cal School and perhaps the greatest authority in the world on ‘“rickets,” is dead at 53. On Friday Robert (“Bobby") Jones won the British open golf champion- ship against a doughty field. He is the first amateur to win that title in 29 years, and the first American amateur to win it, the only other amateurs who ever won it bging John Ball and Harold Hilton. He was im- mediately followed by Watrous, Hagen and Von Elm (the last two tied), all Americans. Then came the veteran Abe Mitchell, first of the hvor o s r_the sixth successive r, Yale beat Harvard in the mmua‘.;ea race on the Thames, winning by 21 lengths in record upstream time. The density of population of Porto Rico is said to be 400 per square miles; too large for well-being. . * ok %k % Miscellaneous.—It is impossible to evoke from the dispatches a. clear pic- tufe of developments in Poland dur- ing the past week. The Diet met on Wednesday and, after a violent debate on the constitutional changes pro- posed by Pilsudski and reference thereof to a special cdnmittee, ad- Journed. Apparently the Socialists, of old ardent supporters of Pilsudski, bave turned There is 5 him. { bered that deafness has al | tional Capital { C. Phillips of New York Cit holy places and superintendence of 3 ELIMINATION OF DEAFNESS IS OBJECT OF FEDERATION Organization GoingInto Schools to Offset Handicap Early, Seeking to Make Poor Hearing Slight Liability. BY FLORENCE SEVILLE BERRYMAN. LOWLY but steadily the door swung upon its hinges and shut him in; vet although he stood almost upon the threshold, he seemed transfixed to the spot and was unable even to stretch forth his hand.and stay its closing. How often we come upon such a paragraph in a novel of murder or mystery, where fear paralyzes the hero into such involuntary acceptance of imprisonment. But, figurativel speaking, deafness has the same hale- ful influence in shutting its victim away from the socfal contacts so es- sential to human happiness, as well as from opportunities for personal ad vancement in his business or profes sion, i not actually from any but the povrest pald and most menlal classes fon has undenfably gressed since the remote period wh the Greeks “did away” with th physically incapacitated, and since. the subsequent Middle Ages, when the deaf and othe andicapped by los of somte faculty had little choice bu to beg at church doors corners for their me: subsistehce. | Since the seventeenth century isolated efforts have been made to relieve the condition of the deafened, and these | early activities laid firm foundations | for later work alonz the same lines. Existence Was Drab. Yet nearly all of us can remember back not so many years when the per- son_incapacitated in any degree b deafness seemed to drop out of the world and drag out a colorless exist- ence as unobtrusively as possible in the home of his or her nearest or, per. | force, most charitable relative. Not one of us but can recall the drah, deaf- | ened member of some household, if not | our own, who slipped noiselessly into | the dining room at m no part in the convers wistful glance around r and afterward disappeared to part of the house to find solace in the | dally papers or companionship with | standard authors There were, of course, embattled exceptions to this imeek type—determined persons who carried thick writing tablets and stout | pencils with them, and demanded transcription of every word, halting the progress of conversation and caus- | ing widespread relief when they de- | pro- n w and then, | remote | onally there would bhe one | , by means alert mind and a native reading the lips. had ma come the handicap to. some extent. But the great majority of the deaf ened were obliged to accept their cir- | cumstances with whatever fortitude they could muster. When it is remem s been extensive, the number of victims who have necessarily been financial bur-| dens upon their families or on the community, in addition to being losses to themseives, must be appaliing. | But the American Federation of Or- | ganizations for the Hard of Hearing outstanding proof of the fact that these conditions have changed: that a | door of escape is opened to the deaf- ‘ened. Realizing the truth of the old adage, “In un the deafened have banded togeths this organization during the pa vears to change their unsatisfactor: status and to take their places in the world as_self-supporting individuals whose ability to participate in soc and economic affairs is little less tha that of the normal person. \ Headquarters Are Here. The federations headquarters very appropriately located in the the Volta Bures on treet. that monument to the fa eaching philanthropy of Alex ander Graham Bell. The was founded in 1919 by Dr. Wendell an otolo- oined ptitude for | wzed to over- in a n Thirty-fifth . who had some years before New York League for the Ha Hi i zations to improve the status of the deafened. It must be understood at the outset that there is a_distinet difference be tween the deafened person and the deaf mute. The latter was either born deaf or became totally so as a child, at too early an age to remember hence his mental development necessitated other methods altogether from those used in training the no mal child. The problems of the deaf mute have been satisfactorily solved by such schools as Gallaudet College in_this city. But the deafened person has had a normal mental development. Deafness has been as accidental as the loss of a leg or arm, and adjustment to such a handicap is Invariably difficult. The problems of the deafened may be di- vided into several groups—scientific, legal, economic and recreational. It is these with which the federation is concerned. Scientific problems call for constant medical research and experimentation to perfect methods of treatment for deafness, which will alleviate it, if pos- sible, or at least arrest its prosress. The federation enlists the aid of otolo- gists throughout the country, whose co-operation has been of incalculabte value. Aside from the deafened, these physicians form the largest member- ship class, and so far have furnished all of the federation’s presidents. When it is remembered that con- servative estimates reveal 25 per cent of the.entire population of the United States, or one out of every four per- sons, suffering from deafness in some degree, the meed for such scientific work 1s evident. Work Among Children. ‘The federation's work among the public school children is by far the most important of all its activities. It is making nation-wide surveys, whisk to date have revealed from 3 per cent to 5 per cent, or about 1,000, 000 children, with inciplent deafness. In many instances it may be cured if apprehended and treated in time; vet ignorance in this respect, a general failure to even recognize the trouble as impaired hearing, has caused the little ones untold suffering. These voungsters could not keep up with their classes, would be kept back year after year, and have generally been considered dull witted. The more vere cases would be recognized a: deaf and relegated to deaf mute schools, and thus an additional handi- cap was imposed. For the child who has had a normal growth invariably finds it depressing to be segregated with those who can hear nothing and whose articulation is subnormal at best. ‘The National Bureau of Education not only has approved the federation’s plans and methods, but has requested the latter to devise a simple, standard- ized method for testing the hearing of public school children; to determine what children should be placed in spe- clal classes and the best methods for organizing and conducting special work for these children. The bureau also has requested information regard- ing the handicap of impaired hearing to the school child, the waste of money on his education by ordinary methods and classes conducted in Europe for the deafened school children. In response to these requests, the federation appointed a research of an exceptionally | ¥ | scientifically fitted fc n there is strensth.” | v | ti deration | fnspector and an experianced teacher to conduct this work. Already there has been heartening encouragement Washington is among th citfe which now have publie school classe in speech reading, e g innumer able children to keep up with their classes and continue their develop ment under normal conditione. Mans who were usly considered stii- pid aled unusually aler minds ent_apathy with re zard to stud hanged to eager ness to learn and keen ability to con- centgate upon their work. Childre: With their plastic minds, gr struetion in lip reading far more ily than do adults Given Every Opportuni Whenever children submitting 0 the federation’s tests are found to have ear troubles that may yvield to treatment th are given every oppor ity to overcome the defects. Dr Hays, founder of the Ne York League for the Hard of Hearing was one of the pionecrs to open clinic for the pre nd treat ment of deafness in ren. Tt 1tly necessary that the resuits « this work may be as far-reaching : possible, Tor the part ng child’s edw nds upe his hearnig, and this i3 los before he n ber dr: changes of methods required. Pessimists may sa ailling, 1.000.000° de herculean and that may hope to earry it 3ut the federation here ren « instructive v that the task of hildren i conc ot hecome eventu 0 children, enable useful and hapy be ample reward efforts s it be i unhappy sit children ould for curvey in strumental in fore stions fe ippeir- schools may stall more some the nee b st Iphia states that 10 pe: de of to such a court cent of the tandardization of v hearing devices i of the federation, co-operation of the :au of Standards. eventually people grees and types of hear with s those ments, jus vision ‘are nd 1 feders free distribution of ture—cireulars, b prints of magazine sting subject of ond | in which persons trums and worthless h are exposed, and ad | how the honesty of | method ¥ 1s nds of doll class of char ne norant tamper n is urg construetive giene by | published. Good V A beautiful speuk clared by connoisseur potent of all assets any one can possess. utter twaddle in melodic the ener will oundest wisd livered th which set the tain it is that he theaters ch of their and ne. nerves to q | severa | to capacit sucess to quisite mac | voic todd the ulation of thei ation evi lieves this t true, for is_another of its > deafened u than any s prone 10 possess voi worse handicap than as thei the out world ar erned { But retention of a musical voice is possible, and the federation will gladly show the w Legal pr eration unde from unjust the deafened laws prohibiting automobiles. W pily, is not one communities. 13 ill refu: deafened, in spite of the than 2 per cent of all the motor cidents which occurred in a certain year ware found due to deafness. As a matter of fact, the deafened perso is far more cautious and careful thun the average normal driver. Washington is one of the 40 cities in the United S leagues or guild These local organizations are ck of the federation. Scientific and le problems are more generally acted apon by the federation as u whole; economic and recreational problems by apters working individually at the activities of the Wash ington Speech-Reading Club, formed in February ill give an idea of the kind of work done by all the other local bodies. Speech-Reading Club. The Speech-Reading Club of Wash- ington maintains, from Cetober to June, a weekly free class in speech reading under the instruction of au- thorized teachers. Any deafened pe son is welcomed to these classe Throughout the* year the club ar- ranges bridge parties, dances, plays and pantomimes, lectures, the use of of its radio (specially constructed for the deafened) and other forms of rec reation for its members. People who have been deafened for a long tihe have dropped out of things so come pletely that they have to he faugnt how to play again. “All work and no play” makes the deafened person dull indeed, and despondent in the bargain. Any interests, such as the club offers, which take him “out of himself” and replaces morbid introspection with wholesome pleasure is in itself suff- cient excuse for the existence of & club. But these local organizations throughout the country, the chapters of the federation, are by no means n. tended as monastic retreats offering companionship to sensitive deafened persons who can't get along with their normal brothers. Instead, the clubs aim to reawaken the social instincts latent in iost all of ug, so that con- fidence may be restored and the deaf- ened person once more enjoy outside contacts. ¥conomic problems of the deafened are particularly knotty, and these, too, the local clubs, working individualiv, are best fitted to solve. If a person who loses his hearing has been e ing his living by work which requires good hearing, he must change his oc- cupation altogether. The unwilling- ness of employers to engage a deaf- ened person who is otherwise thor- oughly able to do capable work must also be overcome. As a matter of (Continued on Fourth Pagg. h are a to which the akes the solution discrimination in’the case of St them from dvivir shingten, D. ¢ intol ems ted