Evening Star Newspaper, April 8, 1926, Page 4

AVIATORS PRESENT ELABORATE CIRCUS Tiny Pursuit Planes Show Journalists Latest in | Fighting Stunts. P2 i Army,. Navy and Marine Corps air eraft and personnel from Washington,| Lakehurst, N. J.. Quantico, Hampton Roads and Philadelphia assembled here late yesterday afternoon and pre- sented a popular exhibition of mili tary aviation over KEast Potomac Park for the eniertainment of dele zates to the First Pan-American Con aress of Journalists. The outstanding feature of the ex- hibition was the fighting maneuvers of gix tiny pursuit planes from Quan tico, just out of the Boeing factory at Seattle. In command of two veteran pursuit pilots, Lieut. H. J. Norton and Lieut. Lawson H. Sanderson, the planes were dived into e park at speeds well in excess of 300 miles per hour. The famous “cross-over-turns” and other direction-changing maneu- vers, the latest in close-order drill of the fighting craft, provided as much excitement among the Washingtonians as among the visitors, The little planes, representing fighting squadrons, were gaudly rated. The pilots were Lieuts Sehildt, W. L. MecKittrick, H. Towner and First Sergt. Hockman. two ® eorge George Four Parachute Jumps. Another feature was the four chute jumps of Aviation Rixzers “Jimmy"” Clarke of Anacostia, Starr of Lakehurst, Drake of Hhmpton Roads and Knight of Philadelphia, who plunged into space from the bix H-16 plane flown by Lieut. C. D Palmer, radlo officer of the naval station here. The parachute jumpers landed safely on Bolling Field The nomenclature of acrobatics was enacted by Lieut. F. H. Conant of the Bureau of Aeronauties. Department, who in the Navy's fighting plane, known as the Curtiss F6C1, single-handedly held the atten tion of the spectators for several minutes. Lieut. Conant recently was a member of the crack fighting squad. dron on the Pacific Coast Bombing Exhibition Given. A parade of afrcraft from the air station and the bombardment of imaginary targets on the river by three big F5Ls from Hampton Roads also was on the program. TLieut. Comdr. Homer C. Wick of the air station here, Lieut. George R. Henderson, executive officer, and Lieut. James D. Barner flew represet- ative types of Navy aircraft and then the fiyers from Hampton Roads dropped 100-pound smoke bombs in the river from their planes. The Vir. ginla pilots were Lieut. Comdr. John Maloney and Lieuts. C. Finard and James Farnsworth The Army was represented by Lieuts. L. V. Beau, ir.; T. C. White { and Ralph H. Lawter, who presented stunts in two Sperry Messenger and one Vought plane. BURBANK'S ILLNESS TURNS FOR WORSE| ! Condition of Plant Wizard “Some- | what Grave,” Physicians’' Bul- | letin Declares. By the Associated Prass SANTA ROSA, Calif., April & The condition of Luther Burbank was pronounced “somewhat grave” ves. terday in a consultation of three phy sicians called as a result of the un- satisfactory progress of his case. ‘The physicians were Drs. John Fall- wey and J. Wllson Shiels of San Francisco and Dr. Joseph Shaw. the attending physician, of Santa Rosa They pronounced Mr. Burbank's con dltion as due to a gastro-intestinal disorder and said in a formal bulletin DISCURSO DEL The text of the President’s address follows in full: | Members of First Pan-American Con &ress of Journalists: | 'This is the First Pan-American Con sress of Journalists. In the number of countries represented and in the ex- tent of territory embraced, it is with- out doubt one of the most important meetings of publishers and editors that was ever held. And when it is con- sidered that within your numbers are those who control and shape the poli- les of the press in almost all the Western Hemisphere, the welght and significance of your conference be- 1l ‘more” impressive. It is a peculiar pleasure to extend to your coneress, which represents so many American republics, a most ecordial ereeting, and to assure you thit the sovernment and people of the United States are pleased to make an appro- wriate response to the bonor which vour presence confers. Possibilities of broad and beneficial resuits lie in the very nature of the untrammeled constituency of your body. While provision was made for it under a resolution of the Fifth In- ternational Conference of American States, commonly known as the Fifth Conference, held at Santiago, Chile, in 1923, it is not an official gathering. Your members in no wise represent thelr respective gov- ernments. You are here in your in dividual capacities as the free agents ress of free countries, in ! and means of bringing the people of the Western world to a better under- standing and a more sympathetic ac- cord. Truth dissipates misunderstanding and misconception. It is the function of a free press not only to make the truth available to every one within its sphere, but to cherish and develop a public sentiment for all that is loyal to the truth. A free and enlightened press, by this means, becomes one of the safeguards of liberty. When de. voted to these ideals it is a vitally stimulating cultural force Common Bond Exists. Since the earliest establishment of republics in Latin America there has been a common bond between the peo- nle of those countries and our people. The strength of this bond has grown with the years. But, up to very re. cent times, there has been an unfor- tunate lack of information on the part. of the general public of the United States of the aims, achieve- ments and progress of those regions. And. T am told, a similar condition in regard to affairs in the United States has existed among thelr people. Such conditions can be remedled only b: the dissemination of knowledge. Var ous Pan-American organizations have done a most valuable work in this di- rection. But one of the most fmport- ant factors in bringing about a better understanding has been an awakening of interest among us in the news of the countries represented by our visitors; conversely has come the de- sire on their part to learn more of what we are doing and why we are doing it. This has resulted in the en- largement of old and the organization of new services for the interchange of news. As I understand the purpose of your conference, it is not only for the forming of friendships by personal contact, but also for the exchange of views and the discussion of conditions and problems, as they come to the editor who is striving to present to his readers a true perspective of what is taking place in his own country and in other countries. After your deliberations in Wash- ington you, who are our most wel- come guests, will visit other parts of our country to see for yourselves the material and cultural progress we are making. Perhaps in other years our journalists will have the privilege of coming into intimate contact with your nations and of seeing for them- selves the wonderful advance you have made in these directions, thus giving us both a more complete knowl- edge and understanding of our com- mon aims, aspirations, and achieve- ments. It is most appropriate that you are ‘meeting in this beautiful building. In a very real sense this is your home. The Ideals and the purposes of the Pan-American Union are those which the press of this Remisphere should seek to serve. It should promote a better understanding among the west- that “the same treatment will be con tinued and the patient will be kept| nhsolutely quiet.” Mr. Burbank's condition by the consultants’ bulletin to be| due to exhaustion of the nervous | system. i Dr. Shaw called Dr. Gallwey and Dr. Shiels in after Mr. Burbank had | been disturbed by a long period of nervous restlessness and inability to assimilate a satisfactory amount of | nourishment. was said $146,028,840 GAS TAX. District Paid $889,508 of Sum, Al- most Double That of Last Year. Nearly $150,000.000 was paid in 1925 in gasoline taxes, each individual motorist in the 44 States in which the tax Is effective contributing $9.22, the Bureau of Public Roads announced today. The exact amount collected was $146,028,840, an increase of 83 per cent over the total in 1924 and four and half times the total in 1923. The increase is attributed to the wider use of motor vehicles, adoption of the tax by a number of States and higher rates of taxation by other States. The total consumption of gasoline was estimated at 6,457,783, 234 gallons. California pald the highest total tax, assessing $14,956,789 on a 2.cent. pergalion tax rate. The motorists of the District of Columbia paid $889,595. ST URGES PHYSICAL HEALTH.! - Dr, Lyons Says Ailments Often Hinder Moral Development. Physical allments, preventing prop- | ot development of moral n'hurar‘lm-.‘ can almost always be traced as the | cause of criminal tendencies, Dr. | Charles W. - Lyons, president of Georgetown University, declared in an address at the annual banquet of the National Capital Dental Society last night at the Lee House. Infec- tlon caused by bad teeth, he said, often is the cause of such ailments The importance of preventive den- | tistry was stressed by Dr. Charles E. Detmer, president of the society; Dr. Arthur’ B. Crane and Col. R. H. Rhodes, chief of the dental section of the surgeon general's office. Col. I C. DeVrles, Medical Reserve offi- cer of Brooklyn, warned against what he described as the “red menace” in rhig country and denounced pacifism as {ts strongest ally. I. €. C. HONORS McCHORD Testimonial Presented to Retiring Member by Associates. Charles C. McChord of Kentucky, former member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, was presented with a testimonial yesterday by his assoclates on the eommission. Mr. MecChord retired from the commission recently. The testimonial said he al- ways placed the. commission above the individual commissioner and the entire country above any particular locality. Mr. McChord was the guest at farewell dinner and dance in Gonor held Tuesday night. ern republic, and it should foster a spirit of sympathy, harmony, and co-operation. Your newspapers may do much to emphasize and make more effective the efforts of this organiza- tion to bring the United States and the Latin American republics into closer bonds of mutual helpfulness. Will Aaid Undestanding. Your visit to our country will, I trust, be beneficlal to you by reason of what you may learn of our gen- eral mode of life. You will come in contact with our industries, our uni- versities, our political and our re- ligious institutions. This will enable vou the better to interpret our ideals in your future communications to your own people. It will also provide an opportunity for our citizens to give you personal assurances of the depth and breadth of the friendship which exists here for you #nd your people, and the earnest desire for a continu- ation of those friendly relations which are the result of commercial inter. course and mutual aspirations. It will also afford the occasion for the inhabitants of our country to THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ¢, THURSDAY, APRIL DISCURSO -DE BIENVENIDA TEXT OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE’S SPEECH TO PAN-AMERICAN PRESS PRESIDENTE A LA PRENSA PANAMERICANA States in 1900, when our population was about 76,000,000 and our foreign commerce less than $2,600,000,000. Sees Great. Development. Historlans refer ‘to the nineteenth century as distinguished by the de- velopment of the United States. Elihu Root, after his official visit, sald, in 1906, “I believe that no student can help seeing that the twentieth cen- tury will be the century of phenom- enal development In South America.” Theodore Roosevelt made a similar statement at the tirae of his trip to Brazil in 1914. All that has happened since has tended to prove the cor- rectness of these prophecies. Too few people in this country have an adequate realization of the im- mensity of Latin America. Many do not know that these 20 republics cover an arca of 9,000,000 square miles, approximately three times the area of the United States; that Brazil alone is larger than the United States and that Argentina is nearly two- thirds as large. And, I r, the con- ception of our average citizen is woe- fully deficient as to the extent to which these republics have developed in industry, science and the acts, and to which they enjoy all the improve- ments of modern civilization, ofte; times improving these improvements. In some measure this has been due to the lack of information in our press. Some one has remarked there was a time when readers of our newspapers here might have imagined revolutions and volecanic disturbances were the chief product of Latin Amer- ica. On the other hand, the readers of Latin American papers got little idea. of our national life from the accounts of train wrecks, lynchings and divorces, which, it was sald, con- stituted the principal news printed there about our country. More News Exchanged. That day has passed. Since 1916, due to our increased cable facilities and the reduction of cable tolls, as well as the keen desire for more In- formation. the amount of news exchanged between the Americas has been increased greatly, and its character is more constructive. I venture the prediction that as a resuit of this congress the papers in the United States in the future will pre- sent more complete and more accurate pictures of the cultural and industrial progress of Latin America, and that the press of those republics will give to their readers a better understand- ing of the ideals and purposes of the United States. ‘The awakening of the spirit of in- dependence in Latin America just as the world was turning into the nine- teenth century inspired a Iiterature that ranks high In quality. This lit- erary inspiration continued to be fed by the series of romantic events fol- lowing independence. I can mention only a few of the many men of liter- ary distinction whose works in time may become as well known to us as those of French, Italian, German and English authors, as we extend the study of Latin American tongues in our schools. Among these are Do- mingo Faustino Sarmiento of Argen- tina, Andres Bello of Venezuela, Ru- ben Darlo of Nicaragua, Jorge Isaacs of Colombia. Ricardo Palma of Peru, Benjamin Vicuna Mackenna of Chile, Jose Enrique Rodo of Uruguay, Juan de Dios Peza of Mexico, Alavo Bllac of Brazll, Jose Maria Heredla of Cuba and Jose Joaquin Olmedo of Ecuador. You will recall many other brilllant names. One of our writers, after calling at- tention to the fact that Sarmiento was a contemporary of Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Bryant, Poe, Longfellow, Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, all famous writers of the United States, ds: “None exhibits Sarmiento's combi- nation of activity and reflection, ro- manticism and practicality, brilliance and warmth. With the exception of Emerson, it is doubtful iIf any of these paladins of our golden age of litera: ture was his superior, and it was cer- tain that none did more to uplift his country and to raise the general level of culture.” Was Envoy to U. S. Sarmiento should be well known in this country. After serving here as minister plenipotentiary of Argentina he became its President. He was a great student of the institutions and history of the United States and wrote a blography of Abraham Lincoln. After conference with Horace Mann he established a system of education in Argentina modeled after some of those in this country. In the field of drama Latin America has produced Juan Ruiz de Alarcon. Scholarship, poetry, fiction, criticism and political writing all have had their exponents in the various Latin Amertican republics. Argentina, Bra- zil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela have national academies of art and con- servatories of music. There are many who consider the Palace of Fine Arts of Santiago, Chile, as the finest of its kind on the Western Hemisphere. The Mexican government through all the years never has falled to en- courage art. This encouragement has been put in concrete form by ti establishment in recent years of the Coyoacan Art School. Music is more genuinely popular in Latin America probably than in the United States. learn more of what our sister re- publics are and what they represent. It will give them an opportunity to re- call that the early inhabitants of co- lonial South America established centers of culture earlier than similar agencies were established in English colonlal possessions in North America. No less than eight institutions of higher learning were founded prior to the establishment in 1636 of Harvard, the oldest university in the United States. The Royal and Pontifical Uni- versity of St. Paul, in Mexico, and the Greater University of St. Mark, in Lima, both were chartered by royal decree in the year 1551. These insti- tutlons were intended to equip their pupils for the priesthood, just as the first schools in North America were designed primarily to train young men for the ministry . Printing in the new world first appeared in Latin America. The first printing press this side of the Atlan- tic was set up in Mexico in 1535 and the second in Lima in 1586. It was not until 1639 that the first printing press jn what is now the United States was used in Cambridge, Mass. The dissemination of news in printed form was resorted to in South Amer- ica as early as 1594. A leaflet pub- lished in Lima gave to the public the news of the capture of an English pirate. - About 1620 news leaflets fre- quently appeared In Mexico and Lima, but publications resembling later-day newspapers in any degree were not attempted until 1772. In any consideratiom of the com- parative progress and achieveients of Latin America and the United States we must remember that the United States had the advantage of a national existence for more than 40 wears before the Latin American countries had become independent. The battle of Yorktown, which marked the end of our Revolution, was in 1781, while the decisive battle for Latin Ameritan independence was fought at Ayachucho, Peru, in 1824. Since about 1876 these independent republics have been expanding com- mercially at a rapid rate. The fol- lowing are very striking flgures, al- though prepared some years ago. In 1919, with a population under 80,000, 000, the total foreign commerce of Latin American countries amounted to over $5,000,000,000. With these figures comepare those of the. United Most cities or towns of any size have open-air concerts, and the great op- eratic stars have been received with proper acclaim and rewarded with.| large remunerations. State and mu- nicipality foster the drama and erect fine buildings in which to produce it. The Solis of Montevideo, the National Theater of Mexico and the Colon of Buenos Aires surpass most of our theaters in the United States in size, cost and beauty. The best theatrical companies in Europe are obtained, and much native talent is being de- veloped. Scientists Are Prominent. Latin America has its share of sci- entists, to which number are being added each year many graduates of the leading universities. T might men- tion the names of Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, municipal sanitation expert; Rodri- gues, the botanist, and Lacerda, the blologist, all Brazilians; Dr. Alejandro Alvarez of Chile, widely known throughout the world as an authority on international law, and Dr. Luis Drago of Argentina, who enunciated the Drago doctrine. That many in the United States may not have heard of these eminent men simply indicates & lack of information on our part. While popular education was not developed in Latin America so soon as in the territory originally comprising the English colonies, it has made rapld strides there since 1880. The development of nor- mal schools has been marked. “They are provng in particular,” one of our writers says, “the educational and economic salvation of Latin American womanhood * * * Our women who take part in public affairs might learn a great deal by studying the history of the Sociedad de Beneficien- cla, composed of about 60 prominent women of Buenos Aires. For many years this organization has conduct- ed most of the pyblic philanthropies of that city, collecting and distribut. ing benevolences on a large scale. The income of the soclety, I understand, amounts to more than $4,000,000 a snd the United States have a strong natural bond. 8ince the World War we have enlarged that interest by vastly in. creasing our shipping facllities be.! tween hers and verious Latin Ameri can ports, by establishing branches of our banks, and by the investment of great amounts of capital. It is estimated that in 1923 United States capltal invested in Latin America amounted to $3,760,000,000; in 1924, a trifle over $4,000,000,000, and in 1926 ‘was $4,210,000,000. In 1825 banks in the United BStates had some 40 branches in various Latin American citl res compiled by our De- partment of Commerce show that in 1910 our exports to Latin America, including the Gulanas and all_the West Indies except Porto Rico, amounted to $2° ,000, and our im- ports from thére amounted to $408, 37,000. Last year the exports wer $882,315,000 and the imports $1,041 122,000. Our exports to the four publis of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico increased from $141,616,000 in 1910 to $420,211,000 in 1926. Our im. ports from these countries increased in this 16-year pe: 240,000 to $569,771,000. teresting to compare figures with those for our total for- eign trade in that year, which were: Exports, $4,9 8,000; imports, $4,- 227,995,000. Thus we see nearly one- fifth of all our exports went to Latin America and practically one-fourth of our imports came from there. While they have our mining and printing machinery, locomotives, sewing ma- chines, cash registers. phonographs, radio, typewriters, and other imple- ments, we need and have their very valuable raw products. Citles Are Magnificent. Their cities are developing as rap- idly as our own and some seem to have surpassed ours in the magnifi- cence of their bulldings and in the extent of their city-planning activities. If all our citizens here do not yet realize fullv that Latin America is as progressive as the United States: and If some Latin Americans, as I have been told s the case, are prone to feel that this country is interested in material things alone, I am sure it may be explained by the lack of that knowledge which comes from gflrunal contact through travel and y the mutual inadequacy of s reports of the significant facts and developments in the respective coun- tries. 'With the incre: of trans: portation facilities between our re- publics travel will fincrease. And there can be no doubt you publishers and editors are constantly striving to enlarge and improve vour dissemina- tion of vital news concerning the different people of the Western Hem- {sphere. No newspapers in the world have a higher rank than some of those in Latin America. 1 understand the amount of cable matter contained in our own press for a good many years did not begin to compare with what was to be found in the leading dailies of the southern republics. Several of these newspapers have bulldings equal, if not superior, to those in our country. One newspaper in particu- lar is notable for public service out- side the mere publication of news. It maintains free legal and medical bureaus, showrooms for the display of things intimately connected with agricultural, stock ralsing and the chemical industries:; also it furnishes auditoriums for lectures, plays, con- certs and other gatherings. It ap- proaches a university. ‘The high esteem in which these papers are deservedly held through- out the world has been built up by the character of the men who have guided them. It is particularly gratifying to have present at this gathering men whose character and reputation are recognized interna- tionally, including one who bears a name which for three generations has stood for the best in journalism. The First Congress of Journalists was a fine idea. I hope it will achleve all that its promoters could wish. It seems to me it would be well if your thering could be répeated periodi- cally, possibly alternating between Latin America and the United States. Buch meetings cannot fail to have far- reaching consequences, not only fn the preservation of the most cordial 800d feeling existing among our re- spective nations, but also in the draw- ing together of our peoples into closer bonds of sympathetic understanding. It should result in a better compre- hension that, after all, we of the W rn Hemisphere are one people striving for a common purpose, ani- mated by common ideals and bound together in & common destiny. Unto us has been bequeathed the precious heritage and the high obligation of developing and consecrating a new world to the great cause of humanity. el i PRI Press Party to Tour Virginia. Special Dispatch to The Star. RICHMOND, Va., April 8.—The itinerary of the Latin American Press Congress tour of Virginia was issued today by the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce. The party will visit Alexandria, Charlottesville, Lynch- burg, Richmond, Williamsburg, James- town, Newport News, Portsmouth and Norfolk, leaving Washington the morning of April 14. ESPANOL. Discurso Pronunciado por el Ex- celentfsimo Sefior Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de la Republica de log Estados Unidos de América, en la Sesion de Apertura, el Jueves, 8 de Abril de 1926: Este es- el Primer Congreso Pan- americano de Periodistas. Por el ng- mero de palses representados y por la extension territorial que ellos com- prenden, este Congreso es, sin duda, una de las reuniones més importantes de editores y directores de dlarios que hasta ahora se han efectuado. Y cuando se considera que contdis entre vosotros los que formulan y dirigen la politica de la prense en casl todo el Hemisterlo Occidental, aparece con mayor relieve la importancia y la significacién de esta Conferentia. Para mf es motivo de particular placer pre- sentar al Congreso en el cual estdn representadas muchas de las Repab- licas de América, el saludo mas cor- dial, y es también muy placentero daros la seguridad de que el Gobierno y el pueblo de los Estados Unidos se complacen en corresponder de una manera adecuada al honor que con Vuestra presencia reciben. Posibilidades de amplios v benéficos resultados prometen la naturaleza y la novedad de esta asamnblea. Aunque su reunién fué preparada en conform- idad con una resolucién de la Quinta Conferencia Internacfonal Americana, que se reuni6 en Santiago de Chile en 1923, este Congreso no tiene car- dcter oficlal. Sw® miembros no repre- sentan en manera alguna a sus re spectivos Goblernos. Estiis aquf en vuestro caricter individual, como re- presentantes de una prensa libre, de pafses libres, que se reunen espontan- eamente en conferencia para estudiar los métodos y los medios de procurar entre los pueblos del Memisferio Oc- cidental una mejor comprensién y un simpatico acuerdo. La verdad disipa los conceptos er- réneos y los desacuerdos. La funcion de la prensa libre consiste no s6lo en hacer conocer & cada uno dentro de su propla esfera la verdod, sino tam- bién en fomentar y desarrollar un sentimiento pdblico colectivo que sea flel a la verdad. De esta manera una prensa libre e ilustrada llega a ser una de las garantfas de la libertad. Cuando ella consagra sus esfuerzos a esos ideales es una de las fuerzas vivas y estimulantes de la cultura. Desde la época del establecimiento de las Repdblicas en la América Latina, han existido vinculos comunes entre los pueblos de esos pafses y nuestro pueblo. La fuerza de estos vinculos ha crecido con los afios; pero hasta una época reciente ha existido una ausencia de informacién en el pablico de los Estados Unidos acerca de los propésitos, de los progresos y de lo que han realizado los pafses de esas regiones, y entiendo que una condici6n semejante acerca de los asuntos de los Estados Unidos ha ex- istido en los pueblos de la América Latina. Para remediar esas condl- ciones basta la divulgacién del conoci- miento. Varias organizaciones pan americanas han contribufdo con su valioso trabajo en este sentido: pero uno de los méds importantes factores para crear una mejor comprensién ha sldo el interés que se ha despertado entre nosotros por las noticias de los paises que representiis, y ésto ha hecho surgir el deseo de saber mas de lo que estils haclendo y de como lo estiis reallizando. Este resultado se ha alcanzado por la ampliacién de los viejos y la organizaci6n de nuevos ser- viclos para el intercambio de noticias. Segtn entiendo el propdsito de vuestra conferencia, es formar relaciones de amistad, no sélo por el contacto per- sonal, sino también mediante el cambio de ideas y el estudio de las condiciones y de los problemas que se presentan al editor que desea pre- sentar a sus lectores una verdadera perspectiva de lo que sucede en su proplo pais y en los otros pafses del mundo. Después de concluir vuestras delib- sraciones en Washington, vosotros, que sols nuestros huéspedes muy bienve- nicos, visitaréis otras partes de nues- tro pals para daros personalmente cuenta del progreso material y cul- tural que estamos realizando. Tal vez en loa afios futuros, nuestros pe- riodfstas tendran el privilegio de ir a vuestros paises y de ser testigos del maravilloso adelanto que habéis hecho también en el orden material como en el orden cultural, y de esta manera ellos como vosotros tendran un conoci- miento més cabal y una comprensién més exacta de nuestros comunes prop- Ositos, aspiraciones y realizaciones. Vuestra reunién se verifica en este lugar que es el més propicio, porque en verdad é1 es vuestra casa. Los ideales y los fines de la Uni6n Pan- americana son los que la prensa de este Hemisferio deberfa esforzarse en servir. Ella deberfa fomentar una mejor inteligencia en las Reptblicas de las Américas, ella deberfa estimular el espiritu de simpatia, de armonfa y de co-operaci6n. Vuestros periédicos pueden hacer mucho para poner de resalto y hacer més eficientes los esfuerzos de esta organizacifn y para establecer entre los Estados Unidos y las Reptblicas de la América AUTOMATIC GAS Latina vinculos de simpatifa y de co- operacion mds estrechos. '0 que. vuestra. visita a nues- . Espet tro pafs sea fecunda para vosotros por el conocimiento que podéis adquirir “e los aspectos generales de nuestra 7ida. - Vosotros contemplaréis nuestras Industrias, nuestras universidades y nuestras instituciones politicas y re- , ¥ ésto os pondrd en capacidad en lo futuro de interpretar cabalmente nuestros ideales entre vuestros pue- blos. Vuestra visita también propor- clonard a nuestros ciudadanos la op- ortunidad de daros personal testimonio de la profunda y sincera amistad que aquf existe para vosotros y para. vues- tros pueblos, y de su vivo anhelo .por 1a continuacion de estas amistosas relaciones que han sido el resultado de lag comunes aspiraciones y del in- tercambio comercial. Vuestra visita tamblén serd una ocasién para que los habitantes de nuestro pafs conozcan mejor a las Repblicas hermanas de esta nacion y la que ellas representan. Ella ofrecerd una oportunidad para recordar que los primeros pobladores de la Ameérica del Sur en la época colonial estable- cleron centros de cultura que pre- cedieron a los que se establecieron en las posesiones coloniales inglesas en la Ameérica del Norte. No menos de periores fueron fundadas en la. Amér- lca. del Sur antes del establecimiento en 1636 en Harvard de la mds antigua universidad de los Estados Unidos. La Universidad Real y Pontificla de San Pablo en México y la Universidad de San Marcos en Lima fueron fundadas por decreto real en el afio de 1661. El fin de estas instituciones era preparar alumnos para el sacerdocio; de and- loga manera las primeras escuelas en la América del Norte fueron primor- dialmente destinadas a la preparacién de jovenes para el ministerio sacer- dotal. Fué en la América Latina que pri- mera apareci6 la imprenta. La pri- mera imprenta en este lado del Atlan- tico fué establecida en México en 1635 Y la segunda en Lima en 1586. Y no fué hasta 1639 que la primera im- prenta de lo que después fué Estados Unidos principlé a usarse en Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. La divulgacion de noticias por la prensa comenz6 en la América del Sur desde 1594. En esta fecha un folleto publicado en Lima di6 al pablico la noticia de la captura. de unos piratas ingleses. Al- rededor de 1620 frecuentemente apare- cieron folletos de noticlas en México y en Lima, pero las primeras publica- clones que tuvieron la forma de pe- ;11%(;!':05 no fueron conocidas hasta Cuando se consideran y se com- paran los progresos realizados en la América Latina y en los Estados Uni- dos, debemos tener presente que los Estados Unidos tenfa la ventaja de una existencia nacional de més de cuarenta afios antes de que los pafses de la América Latina alcanzaran su independencia. La batalla de York- town que sefiald el fin de nuestra rev- oluci6n fué en 1781, en tanto que la batalla decisiva para la independencia de la América Latina se libr6 en Ayacucho, en el Pert, en 1824. Desde 1876 las Republicas indepen- dientes de la América Latina se han desarrollado comercialmente con cre- ciente rapidez. Aunque preparadas hace algunos afios, las siguientes cifras dan la impresién de ese desen- volvimiento. En 1919, con una pobla- ci6n .que no llegaba a ochenta mil- lones, el total del comercio exterior de los pafses de la América Latina ero de mas de $5,000,000,000. Si se com- paran estas cifras con las de los Estados Unidos en 1900 cuando nues- tra poblacién era aproximadamente de setenta y seis millones, se ve que nuestro comercio exterfor no alcan- zaba a $2,500,000,000. Los historiadores consideran como rasgo caracteristico del siglo diez y nueve ‘el desenvolvimiento de los Estados Unidos. Elihu Root, después de su visita oficial en 1906, dijo: “Creo que ningtn observador, pueda dejar de pensar que el siglo veinte sera el siglo de fenomenal desarrolio de la América del Sul Theodore Rooseveit hizo una declaracién semejante en la época de su viaje al Brasil en 1914. Todo lo que ha sucedido desde entonces tiende a probar la verdad de esas profecids. Pocos en nuestro pafs tlenen una concepeldn adecuada de la inmensidad de la América Latina. Muchos ignoran que esas veinte Repdblicas ocupan una area de nueve millones de millas cuadradas, aproximadamente tres veces el area de los Estados Unidos: ¥ que el territorio de Brasil es mayor que el de los Estados Unidos y que el de la Argentina es aproximadamente dos terceras partes del territorio de los Estados Unidos. Temo mucho que la concepci6r. de nuestro plblico sea sumamente deficiente respecto a lo que esas Repfblicas han realizado en el desenvolvimiento de las industrias, de las ciencias y de las artes, v que no sepa. cabalidad que ellas disfrutan de todos los progresos de la civilizacién moderna y que a veces han hasta mejorados esos adelontos. En cierto modo esta falta de conoci- miento se debe a la falta de informa- ci6n en nuestra prensa. Alguien ha observado que hubo una época en que los lectorea de nuestro periédicos po- dfan imaginar que las revoluciones v las pertubaciones volcinicas eran los principales productos de la América Latina. Por otra parte, los lectores de la América Latina se formaban una pequefia idea de nuestra vida nacional por la relacién de nuestras catdstrofes ferrocarrileras, linchamientos y divor- cios, que, segn se deca, constitufan 'WATER HEATERS Immediately after the invention of the first Automatic Gas Water Heater, several companies were formed to manufacture similar water heaters and the Pittsburg Water Heater Company is the outgrowth of the original company, The Water Heater Manu- facturing Company. Now the Pittsburg Water Heater Company is the Largest Manu- facturer of Copper Coil Gas; Water Heaters in the World—due in greéat measure to the able representation for 13 Years in Washington By Edgar Morris Sales Company (No other:Gas Water Heater Company has been represented in Washington one organization in one location so long a time.) Buy a “Pittsburg” to Insure Prompt Hot Water Service Fctory and eral Offices, ; Edgar Morris/Sales Company 1305 G Street NW. " . p Washington, Pittsburgh, Pa. Factory Distributor, Phone Main 1032-1033. with D.C DEL SECRETARIO DE ESTADO Disourso ‘de blenvenida pron: por el Presidente del jo Di- Yectivo de la_Uni6n Panamericana, Hon. Frank B. Kellogg, Secretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos de la Americs del Norte. Befiores Miembros del Congreso Pan- americano de Periodistas: Como Presidente de la Junta Direc- tiva de la Uni6n Panamericana técame la distincién y el placer de daros la mas cordial bienvenida y de ex- presaros la esperanza de que vuestra visita a los Estados Unidos de la América del Norte corresponda plena- mente a los esfuerzos y sacrificios que significa vuestro largo viafe. En clerto sentido vuestra reunién, cuyo objeto es estudiar problemas de interés com@n, es simbolo de todo el movimiento panamericano, puesto que este movimiento se basa en la idea fundamental de la ayuda mutua y del servicio recfproco para la solucién de problemas de interés somdn. A cada afio que pasa la alta misi6n de que estin investidas las repdblicas americanas se muestra con mayor evi- dencia. En un mundo que apenas aver vi6 hecho pedazos por cruen- tas sacudidas toca a América dar un ejemplo de unidad que serd nueva norma en los asuntos internacionales. Os habéis reunido para estudiar los problemas profesionales que vuestra alta misién encuentra cada dfa; pero al estudiarlos estoy clerto de que no olvidaréis los servicios més amplios que la prensa del continente ameri- cano esté llamada a prestar a la causa de la paz y de la concordia inter- nacionales. Os estd conflada la misi6n de ser intérpretes de cada una de las naciones de América para. con las otras; de hacer ver a cada una de ellas, y a todas en general, cun fn- tima. trabazon existe entre sus respec- tivos intereses, y cuén estrechamente depende ¢l progreso de cada una de ellas de la prosperidad de todas. Os corresponde el alto honor de hacer ver claramente a los pueblos de vues- tros pafses respectivos que la mejor las principales noticias de la prensa acerca de nuestro pais. Esa época pertenece al pasado. Desde 1916, por virtud de nuestras crecientes facilidades cablegraficas y la reduccion de tarifas de cables, tanto como por el vivo deseo de recibir més informacibn, la cantidad de noticlas cambladas entre las Américas ha aumentado considerablemente y su carficter es més constructivo. Me atrevo a predecir que como resultado de este Congreso, los periddicos en los Estados Unidos ofreceran en lo futuro més informacién y mds completa y mas exacta descripcién de los pro- gresos en las industrias y en la cul- tura de la América Latina, v que la prensa de esas Repiblicas dard a sus lectores una mejor concepcién de los ideales y de los propésitos de los Estados Unidos. El despertar de! espiritu de inde- pendencia en la América Latina, en el alba del siglo diez y mueve, inspiré un movimiento literario de incompara- ble elevacién. Los romanticos sucesos que siguieron a la independencia esti- mularon la inspiracién en el campo de la lteratura. Siento no poder men- clonar sino pocos de los muchos hombres de letras distinguidos cuyos trabajos llegaran con el tiempo a ser tan conocldos entre nosotros como los de los autores franceses, italianos, alemanes e ingleses, 2 medida que se extienda el estudio de las lenguas latinoamericanas en nuestras escuelas. Entre esos hombres de letras record- amos a Domingo Faustino Sarmiento de Argentina, Andrés Bello de Vene- zuela, Rubén Darfo de Nicaragua, Jorge Isaacs de Colombia, Ricardo Palma del Perd, Benjamfin Vicufia Mackenna de Chile, José Enrique Rod6 del Uruguay, Juan de Dios Peza de México, Olavo Bilac del Brasil, José Marfa Heredia de Cuba v José Joaqufn Olmedo del Ecuador. Vosotros record- aréis muchos otros nombres brillantes en su literatura. Uno de nuestros escritores, al llamar Ja atencién acerca del hecho de que Sarmiento fué un contemporaneo de Washington Irving, James Feni- more Cooper, Bryant, Poe, Longfellow, Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, todos escritores fa- moses de los Estados Unidos, afiadi6 “Ninguno ofrece como Sarmiento la combinacién de actividad y reflexién, romanticismo v espiritu préctico, brilio ¥ calor. Con excepcién de Emer- son, es dudoso que ninguno -de esos paladines de nuestra edad de oro lit- eraria fuera superior a 61 y es seguro que ninguno hizo mds por levantar a su pafs v elevar el nivel general de su manera de servir a sus proplos in- tereses es contribuir a la proseridad de _sus v En afios tes ha sido tan ripido el progreso realizado en el arreglo d los conflictos {interamericanos here- dados del perfodo colonial, que bien podemos esperar que en un futuro no lejano llegue este continente a una situacién que no tiene paralelo en la historia del nundo, una situaelén en la que se verd que los mayores con flictos han sido solucionados por el proceso ordenado de la mediacién y el arbitraje. Aunque esto significa un gran paso hacia adelante en las re- laciones internacionales, de ninguna manera comprende toda la misién de América. El arreglo de estos con flictos produce ciertamente la elimi- nacién de causas de triccién interna cional; pero no debemos conformarnos con esto; debemos también establecer los procedimientos nirecisos y positivos de una co-operacién internacional. En esta obra de construccién tenemos que recurrir a vosotros, los representantes de la prensa de las Ameéricas, a pediros que ilustréis la opinién pab- lica de vuestros paises respectivos, a efecto de que ella exija constante- mente, v cada dfa con mayor insisten cla, una cooperaci6n mas amplia v més solida entre las republicas del continente americano en la solueién de sus prob No conoz diera ponerte en manos de ningln grupo de hombres; y estoy cierto de que os dais plena cuenta de la re sponsabilidad que dicha misién en clerra. En esta magna obra los con tactos v las amistades formados en este Congreso serdn de valor incal culable. Asi pues, la bienvenida que 08 ofrezco en nombre de la Junta Di rectiva de la Unién Panamericana lleva consigo votos muy sinceros, no 86lo por el buen éxito de este Con greso, sino’'también por que den el fruto méas abundante esos servicios mas amplios que estd llamada a prestar la prensa de este continente. cultura.” Sarmiento deberia ser mejor conocido en este s. pués de haber servido como Ministro_Plenipo. tenciarlo de Argentina en Washing ton, fué el Presidente de esa Repih lica. El estudié con asiduldad las in stituciones y la historia de los Estados Unidos y escribi6 una biograffa de Abraham_Lincoln. Después de su visita a Horaclo Mann, €1 establecit en Argentina un sistema de educacitn modelado segtn el de este pafs. En el teatro, la América Latina ha producido a Juan Rulz de Alarcon Humanidades, poesfa, novela, critica v literatura politica han tenido sus ex ponentes en las Repfblicas Latino americanas. Argentina, Brasil, Chile. México y Venezuela tienen academias nacionales de arte y conservatorios de masica. Muchos consideran el Palacio de Bellas Artes de Santiago de Chile como el mejor en su géncro en el Hemisferio Occidental. El Gobierno de México ha estimulado por muchos afios las artes. Este ee timulo ha asumido una forma concreta en el establecimiento en los dltimos afios de la Escuela de Arte de Coyoacan. La mdasica es probable- mente més genuinamente popular en la América Latina que en los Estados Unidos. La mayor parte de las ciudades, cualquiera que sea su im portancia, tienen conclertos al libre y las grandes estrellas de la Opera han sido recibidas can aclama cién v premiadas con generosas re- muneraciones. Los Estados y los mu nicipalidades fomentan las representa ciones teatrales y erigen bellos edi ficios para producirlas. El Teatro Solfs en Montevideo, el Teatro Nacional de México, el Teatro de Col6n en Buenos Aires son superiores a la mayor parte de los teatros en los Estados Unidos. tanto en proporciones como en costo v en belleza. Las mejores compaiifas de teatro de Europa van a la América Latina y allf también surgen muchos talentos nativos. La América Latina tiene sus sabios y cada afto se aflade al nGmero de hombres de clencia otro formado por los nuevos graduados de sus prin cipales universidades. Podrian men- cionarse los nombres del Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, experto en sanidad municipal, de Rodriguez, el botinico, de Lacerdo. el biblogo, todos brasileros; del Dr. Ale Jandro Alvarez de Chile, bien conocido en el mundo como una autorided en derecho internacional, y del Dr. Lufs Drago, de Argentina, que ha formu- & lado la Doctrina Drago. Si muchos en Jos Estados Unidos no conocen esos nombres eminertes, ésto_simplements (Mas on Pajena b.) In no kind of furniture, we believe, is the assur- ance of integrity so important to the purchaser as in upholstered furniture Poor construction and materials are more readily detected in other lines, but the nature of upholstered furniture is such that the purchaser must depend, to a considerable ex- tent, upon the reputation of the dealer. This being the case, it follows that the DeMOLL line has a distinct appeal for every buyer who realizes the very great value of satisfied customers. OUR FURNI- TURE is built up to a standard of excellence which will always be maintained. Competent workmanship, applied to the right kind of material, results in furniture which we sell with confidence. With this thought in mind, we ask you to examine ournew line. We feel that you will discover many oppor- tunities for profitable purchases during our Spring Fur- niture Sale. eMol Piano & Furniture Co. Steinway & Weber Duo-Art Reproducing Piawos Twelith and G Streets ' [ afre . '