Evening Star Newspaper, February 24, 1926, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editlon. WASHINGTON, D. C. ‘WEDNESDAY . .February 24, 1936 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylvania w York O . 110 Eant 4 nicago Ottice: Tower B Faropcan Office 5 The Evenine Star, with the Sunday mom- g edition. in delivered within the city at 60 cente per month: daily ouis. 48" cente er i intfag” onl 20 wentd r montr, he sent by mall o lephone Main Tollection iy made by earrier at the end of each month Rate by Mail—| ble in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. fly and Sunday.1 Daity ooty Sundus Publiehad herin | A of nub: of apedia! ciepatelies 2130 roservod Oity Planning and Park Extension. The bill to enlarge the powers and to change the orzanization and name ©of the National Capital Park Commis- slon was intellizently and helpfully discussed at the Senate committtee hearing vesterday On the one hand the merits of the profect as a whola were convincingly presented and zenerally conceded: also the necessity of quick action to save for the extended park system some essential tracts that may oth se be lost, and also, written hetwean the Ines, the obligation in civie lovalty to appreciate duly and to welcome heartily the tendered public-spirited and self-sacrificing services of national experts in city planning, and also to sccept and utilize thankfully the en- thusiastic Iabors in Capital upbuilding of other conspicuous national Amer- feans. On the other hand with equal vigor and effect the necessity or destrabllity of modification of a project heartily approved in principle was urged. It was argued that the new commission ereated by the bill would possess two distinct powers and functions, one of suburban street planning and park ex- tension, and the other of continuing administration of certain municipal functions now largely exercised by the District Commissioners: that the two sets of functions logically required dif- ferent kinds of men to exerclse them most effectively; that the two commis- sions now merged in the bill should be separated, and that in the case of the commission which, as a modification of the present form of local govern- ment, would substitute for the officlals now in charge of zoning, the public utilities and traffic regulation, the leg- telation should be carefully consid- ered, and that in respect to the latter commission there should be no unit rule to prevent a minority from con- tinuing to express its thoughts to Con- 8ress as an appellate court, even aft- er it had been outvoted in commission. The Star believes that the Capital community favors heartily in princ Pple the proposition of the bill and de- slres its speedy enactment; that on the planning expert commission it has no claim to distinctive representation, but if there is to be a fractional re- organizition of the city government 1t desires all the representation it can possibly get. The trend today fs toward greater participation by the voteless Capital community in its municipal govern- ment, or at least toward the giving of greater consideration to its advisovy representation in respect to such gov- ernment. of Congress to make research Into executive and judicial conduct, either as a “gulde to legislation,” as was stated yesterday, or as a means of as- certaining whether misconduct has oc- curred which may lead to impeach- ment. But there is no warrant for re- view of executive actions in usurpa- tion of the duties and responsibilities of the Department of Justice and the grand juries and the courts through which It operates in the administra- tlon of fustice. The cloak of "guide to leglislation™ has covered many a legislative inquiry that has been in.strict propriety an invasion of the executive and judicial functons. The oil inquiry of 1923-4 was of such a nature. The aluminum Inquiry appears to be of the same na- turs. The true purpcse of them has heen to discover infractions of law for the purpose of prosecution, not for the purpose of legislative correction. If an executive oificer or a judge has been negligent of duty, or has committed malfeasance in office, it is the right and it 1s the duty of Con- gress to fmpeach him and try him. To that end it must proceed In order, with an inquiry by the House as the fivst A ould the House be un- willing to take such a step, the Senate no prerogative of Initiative. The mduct of inquisitorial inquiries, not uly as a “guide to legislation,” is hevond its constitutional right. The direction of prosecution by resolution is likewise usurpation of the executive and judicial authority. Congress may by resolution properly provide the ~xecutive with means to conduct prosecutions, by authorizing the em- ployment of special counsel. It can- not in strict regard for the Constitu- tion direct such employment. Such are the Issues of this present discussion, which goes far beyond the question of the proceedings in the aluminum company case. It goes to the roots of the constitutional estab- lishment, which is a more important matter than whether a certain cor- The two civilian Commissioners must by law be identified with the Dis- trict at least to the extent of a three- year residence preceding appointment. The.Engineer Commissioner is often, as he is conspicuously today, appre- ciative of and responsive to communt- ty sentiment concerning its local af- falrs. @ Any permanent change in the local government, even fractional, will doubtless receive thoughtful considera- tion in enactment. —_—————— The end of the coal strike creates & demand for scrub brushes that in- dicates the beginning of a general clean-up. ———— The Powers of Congress. In respect to the division of the Government into three co-ordinate branches the Constitution is explicit. The first three articles definitely es- tablish them. All legislative powers are vested in the Congress, the exec- utive power is vested In the Presi- dent, the judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain ang establish. That would seem to be clear and explicit.’ But from the berinning of constitutional government differences of opinion have prevailed regarding the precise limitation of authority and preroga- tive. Yesterday in the Senate this ques- tion came under discussion in connec- tion with the aluminum inquiry. Sen- ator Cummins took the ground that the Senate has no authority to direct prosecutions or, throush inquirles, to usurp the functions of the Depart- ment of Justice or the courts. He re- ferred to the procedure in the ofl in- vestigation of two years ago as an in- stance of such trespass. Congress can create new executive departmets and bureaus and can dis- continue them. It can prescribe the organization of each department or bureau. It can likewise create new courts subordinate to the Supreme Court and can dissolve them. But when the departments are once cre- ated and while they are functioning, 1t cannot direct their operations, nor ean It direct or control the operations of the courts once created. It ean, through impeachment by the House and trial by the Senate, pass judg- ment upon the conduct of executive officers and I and, in case of conviction, it can dismiss them from the public service. The Senate can veto appointments to office, either executive or judiclal, but it cannot direct them. It 18 undeniably within the power poration has been favored unduly in the administration of the law. District Equitie: Senator Phipps, the leader In the fight for recognition of the District’s tax surplus, without whose able and unylelding advocacy that recognition would never have been obtained, ap- peared yesterday at the Senate Dis- trict committee hearing to plead for equity in the expenditure of that ac- cumulated tax surplus. At the same hearing at which he appeared the bill enlarging the powers of the National Capital Park Commission was under consideration. What Senator Phipps said concerning the equities in con- nection with the expenditure of the District’s accumulated tax surplus of the past carries over Into and applies pertinently to expenditures of the Dis- trict’s current tax money in connec- tion with the commission’s fine work of present and future park develop- ment at or near the National Capital. The situation is known to all. By the law creating the park commission expenditure of $1,100,000 a year, a penny a year for every man, woman and child in the United States, was authorized. When authorization of actual appropriation was made the bill provided in effect that pennies amounting to more thamr $600,000 should be collected from the less than half a million Americans of the Dis- trict (roughly $1.25 instead of a penny apiece), and over $400,000 should be collected from the 109,500,000 of non- District Americans (or a small frac- tion of a penny apiece). When, however, appropriative ac- tion came to be taken, the actual ap- propriation was made under the Dis trict appropriation bill dominated by the temporary lump-sum payment plan, inequitably construed, with the result that all the pennies for this national-local project came from the local taxpayers and not even the frac- ton of the penny from the other 109, 300,000 Americans. It is inconceivable that this viola- tion of equity and .the specific terms of the park commission's organic act should not be quickly corrected. A war in China disregards the opinion of the world and demands the respect due a time-honored local cus- tom. In the interests of morality it might be desirable to secure a definite sev- erance of relationship with Tia Juana. Occaslonally an operatic debut is exploited in a manner which indicates that money not only talks, but sings. Every economist is intelligently alert to the many ways in which other people could save money. The Aqueduct Bridge Piers. A bl for removal of the plers of the old Aqueduct Bridge is pending in Congress, and it should be passed at this session. There has heen delay in its consideration, and the Secretary of War in a letter to the chairman of the House committee on military af- fairs urges the merits of the bill and its prompt passage. Army engineers concerned with the relics of the old bridge believe that there is some dan- ger that the piers may fall, and there is no doubt that they obstruct naviga- tlon and that In a time of heavy Ice and high water they might cause an ice jam. The Aqueduct piers, closely spaced, have contributed to many seri- ous ico jams and floods, and the old nlers, with those of the Key Bridge, form a greater obstruction to the river than was the case before the building of the new bridge. g The Secretary of War tells the com- mittee that the Army engineers have found that considerable mortar has been washed from between the stones of the piers and that “in some cases the stones have fallen out, leaving cavities.” Two of the old Aqueduct plers tend especially to block the open- ings between piers of the Key Bridge. One important thing to be considered is that the abutment at the Virginia end of the old Aqueduet projects into the river about 60 feet beyond the abutment of the Key Bridge, causing a shoaling of the water between the Virginia abutment and the sotith pier of the mew bridge. It is desired that the river flow through the plers of the new bridge with the least possible stoppage. Another thing is that the grading and protection af the fill at the Virginia approach to the Key Bridge cannot be finished until the Aqueduct Bridge abutment has been removed. The only commercial value of the Aqueduct piers is that their stone could be used in constructing retaining walls for new parkland made from the river marshes. There was a plan to use the Aqueduct masonry in the building of a retaining wall for the land to be made from the Eastern Branch between Benning and tke Dis- trict line. When it was suggested two or three ars ago that the plers might serve for some kind of 2 new bridge the engineers prompily disip- proved the plan because the piers were unsafe. ———ee————— A Measure of Justice. In 1870 Congress passed an act which established the basic pay of oficers of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard—then the Revenue Cutter Service—assuring such officers that upon redrement they should receive seventy-flve per cent of the pay of the ranks at which they were serving at the time of retire- ment. That was, If ever a legislative action can be so considered, a con- tract. By some twist of legislatlon, perhaps {nadvertence, perhaps design, an act passed In June, 1922, contained a limiting clause, the effect of which was to deprive the older officers, re- tired prior to July 1, 1922, of the full compensation promised them by the act of 1870. Severe hardships were suffered by many retired officers, some of them entirely dependent upon their retired pay, by reason of this reduction from seventy-five to fifty-nine per cent of the active pay. It meant a reduction of about twenty per cent of the pay Lhey were receiving. In the case of an officer getting $3,000 a year in re- tired pay it meant a drop to $2,360. And that was at a time of rising costs in every line of living necessi ties. It meant privation for many men who bore the honorable scars of service and who wore proudly the decorations of a supposedly grateful Government. Ever since then efforts have been made to correct this costly mistake. During the last Congress the Senate ananimously passed a bill to restore the original scale of retired pay. The House failed to act. Already this session the House committee on mil- itary affairs has favorably reported a similar bill, and it is now awaiting actlon, with the prospect that if it is passed by the House it will be again passed by the Senate. Every consideration of justice and regard for the sanctity of a contract demand this legislation. It will not fully correct the inequity of the change of rate, for some of the of- ficers who were hard hit by the act of 1922 have passed away. But it will relleve those who survive, and even if there were but a single one remain- ing it should be done. It should be done even if all were gone, as a be- lated atonement for a grievous mis- take. Recital of the records and services of some of the men who were thus suddenly and without justification de- prived of a large fraction of their re- tired compensation would add to the urgency of the plea that this injustice be corrected. But whether they were veterans of the Civil War, or of the Spanish-American War, or were by circumstances denled the opportunity to serve in any war, these retired of- ficers should be given the pay which was promised them fifty-six years ago Egyptologists are tempted to be- come modern financlers, who contem- plate an ancient tomb as a rival to an ofl well in financial possibilities. —————— It remains for Henry Ford to com- plete his record as a motorist finan- cler by challenging England for con- trol of the rubber supply. All that is needed for the correction of the profane play is one single au- dience that has the nerve to arise en masse and go home. Reports of Mussolini’s illness do not make it clear whether he is con- sulting an ordinary practitioner or a peychiatrist. Immigration authorities have neg- lected recent opportunities to enlarge on the charms of foreign travel. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOENSON. Talking Politics. Talkin’ politics! I'll say Serves to pass the time away, Usin' words so large an’ fine That like music they combine. That's the way it used to be ‘With opinions bold an' free. Talkin’ politica with us Simply serves to start a fuss. Demand For Novelty. “You made a splendid speech on George Washington's birthday.” “Glad you liked It,” answered Sen- ator SBorghum. *“I disllked to say any- thing, but the public seems to require new and original remarks instead of listening to the Blg Stuff that George himself said.” Feminine Dress. In depths of care Our minds are lost. ‘The less they wear The more they cost. Jud Tunkins says a man who smokes a five-cent cigar is in the po- sition of a person who uses bitumi- nous coal because "he can't afford an- thracite. Drastic Action. “I hear you have had a real estate boom."” “It's all over,” declared Cactus Joe. “At the end of the first three weeks us Crimson Gulchers rounded up all them realtors and deported ‘em fur runnin’ a skin game.” Rough Comment. They say that old Georze Washington In speech to phrases harsh would run 1 wonder what good George would say About some goings on today! “Religion,” sald Uncle Eben, “is a great comfort, until you begins to argus about it: wif de neighbors.” ‘THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “How {8 your automatic virtue machine working, Mary?" asked Olsa O, dropping In one afternoon to see the popular Miss Roque at her office in_the Essaury Building Miss O claimed to hi last name in Washington, if not in the world. Sne was of French and Rus- slan descent, pointing back with pride to Count ¢'0 of France, as one of her stors, « the gallant days of Henri III family had dropped the “d.” with sull that a unique patronymic of one letter resulte Mary Roque smiled at the question Iput her by hing, dark-eyed triend. a typical “Hapger” of the worst —Or hest —Ly rding to the way |one happened to feel upon the ques tion “Look,” s d, which w: . as 24 in of aned back g hiy was the Olga called it. pictured hoxes ful lette desirable Kindne Zach wor from 1 to 5, and below each was a small slot. Mary's machine had grown famous almost overnight. Nickels had rained through the openings, as pa- trons and friends sought the qualities inyoked by the apparatus. “Look,” ‘sald Mary. Olga O stooped down and peered into the tent formed by the cardboard and the wall. “‘Gee!"” she gurgled. ‘“Look them nickels!” * x x % “Your grammar, my dear,” smiled Mary, “would shock your distin- suished ancestors." “What grammar?” “You sald ‘them nickels,’ Olga." “Did 1? Well, those nickles, then, But where did you get them all? For heaven's sake, there must be a million there!” Mary's beautiful face, calm as peace, flushed with pleasure. Well, you see,” she explained. “Every one who has come in has been taken with the idea. Of course, there are not a million nickels, but there must be some hundreds of them now. “Every one seems to be In need of something, #o they think it over and then drop In their money."” “And do they think they get thelr money’'s worth, Mary?" “Yes, and they get a lot of fun out of it, too, which is thrown in extra, of course.” Mary Roque smiled her famous smile,” that struck one as the sun- shine does, warming body and soul. “Looks llke graft to me,"” giggled Olga O, sitting down In a most un- dignified posture on one of Mary's Windsor chairs. “Olga, none of your ancestors ever sat s0," remonstrated the hostess. “Mary,” continued Olga, Ignoring the comment, “since I have been looking at that machine, I believe there is something I need, too.” “Yes?" “Yes, I honestly belleve I need a saucer of that Prudence dope vou've got there.” She fished in her net purse. “But why do you char much—5 nickels, that's robbery. “Why, any one can have a little prudence, Olga, that i3 why it costs the most. The qualities hardest to se- cure cost the least, you see, as we are most in need of them.” Olga O dropped in her coins, one by one. “How do you like it?” inquired grinned It bore on its cach one lu ng with the name ity ranging at all Mary. Not much taste to ft,” Olga, with a wry smile. As it wae late in the afternoon, Mary closed her office, and the two girls went shopping. ' For several ours they roamed G, F and other streets, going into shop after shop. A soda with whipped cream e their attentions for half an hour. It was going on 5 o'clock when Mary returned to her office. She switched on the light. The chai woman, Mrs. Hennessy, had been around already. Mary saw, by the absence of papers on the floor. Mary was trying to make up her mind o which charity she should give the proceeds from her machine, and abstructedly leaned down to peer at the mass of coins which littered the Hoor behind the cardboard. “Oh!" she cried. *“Oh"" ‘The blood rushed to her pink cheeks, then surged out of them. She felt suddenly miserable. Some one had taken her treasure, in her absence, leaving not a pickel behind. “They-—they wers not ordinary nickels,” sald Mary to herself, with something susplcfously like ~tears gleaming in her starry eyes. “It—Iit isn’t the money, but what they repre- 1 nickel a portion; 76 plates of Com- mon Sense, at 5 nickels a plate; 46 slices of Kindness, at 1 nickel; Hopes, 4 helpings of Courage, 67 serv- ings of Spirituality—— “And now they are nothing but nickels again Mary stepped into the hall. Far down the corridor she saw an open door, and heard the swish of Mrs. Hennessy's mop. Mary walked down and looked in. Mary had @ “hunch. “How do you do, Mrs. Hennessy, smiled Mary Roque. “How do you do, miss,” puffed Mrs. Hennessy, red faced, returning to her labor. “This is very hard work you do, Mrs. Hennessy,” sald Mary, with & sympathetic smile, as she tripped across the wet floor in her little brown pumps. “You'll get your pretty shoes all wet,” remonstrated the charwoman. Mary stopped and looked down &t the big bucket of soapy water. “Do_ you have to carry that around?” “Why, yes, miss—of—of course.” “It's too heavy for you,” said Mary, leaning over and lifting the bucket by the handle. The woman swayed back on her knees. “I never knew water was so heavy,” went on Mary, putting the bucket down. “Maybe—maybe it's the soap,” said Mrs. Hennessy. “It must be something,” agreed . and she calmly tipped over the bucket. Mrs. Hennessy screamed as & flood of soapy water spread out, little waves of froth bearing down upon her. “Oh, I'm so sorry!” said Mary, peer- ing into the bucket. Mrs. Hennessy hegan to weep. “Why, how strange!" declared Mary Roque. “I never knew one put nick- els in the water to wash floors. No wonder you manage to keep things 80 nice and shiny.” 1 She drained the remainder of the water, and started off with the bucket. “I'll return it to you in a moment, my dear,” she smiled back at the forlorn Mrs. Hennessy. en you ain’t going to arrest moaned the woman. or goodness sake, no!" called Mary, smiling like an angel. “What do you think I have a virtue machine for, Mrs. Hennessy?" WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE One of the little ironies in the Itallan debt sftuation that may give pause to opponents of ratification 1s that Uncle Sam will have to make Mussolini a present of 100,000,000 liras if the settlement is killed in the Senate—that is to say, the day that Signor Volpl and Secretary Mellon signed the funding agreement—No- vember 14, 1925—the Italians handed over to the Treasury the equl\a)enl‘ of $5,000,000 as the first installment under the contract. Payment, how- ever, was to be regarded as binding only in the event that the agreement was ratified. The Italian understand- ing was—and is—that the money will be returned if the arrangement falls through. An unrecorded tit-bit of the Volpi-Mellon deal is that although it was concluded in time for signature on Friday, November13, all concerned preferred to escape the “hoodoo” of a Friday and a 13th, 8o the pact was not formally sealed until Saturday, the 14th. * k * X President Coolidge has evidently bombed all hopes of expanding the Alr Service of either the Army or Navy on the extensive scale contem- plated by bills now pending before Congress. He refuses to believe that Uncle Sam is in danger In the sky, either now or in the ineasurable future, and accordingly declines to O.K. aviation plans contemplating ex- penditure of more than $100,000,000 during the next five years. The Presi- dent is bound to reopen the contro- versy as to whether an ounce of preparedness is, or is not, better than a pound of war. Our military and naval authorities do not think exclu- sively in terms of the profoundly peaceful present. They -regard it thelr duty to look ahead and envisage future possibilities. The heavens may be clear of war clouds today, they argue, but may not be as devold of them tomorrow, or next month, or a year hence. It is against the dread contingency of the wholly unexpected that our soldiers and sailors desire to build—ashore, afloat and aloft. * ok x K Mr. Coolidge is filled with a very earnest fear that competition in air armaments contains the seeds of war. He thinks that if our alr generalsare given too many flying and bombing playthings they may be fired some day by an irresistible desire to put them to use. That theory is one that American Army and Navy leaders frequently have to face and one for which they have a ready rejoinder. They point out, first of all, that Amer- fea is traditionally a peace-loving and peace-preserving country. They ex- plain, secondly, that the making of war by the United States is the ex- clusive prerogative of Congress, and that no war ever has been, or could be, made without the sanction of the people acting through their chosen representatives. So our service au- thorities resent suggestions that they would arbitrarily abuse the weapons with which the Nation's money sup- plies them. * kK K One ‘of Gen, Pershing’s almost daily visitors at Walter Reed Hospital, in Washington, is Vice President Dawes. The general of the armies and the presiding officer of the Senate have been bosom friends for more than 30 years. Thelr intimacy dates from the days in the early nineties when Capt. Pershing was military instructor at the University of Nebraska in Lin- oln and Dawes was an inspiring young lawyer in the same city. When Pershing needed a practical business man to bring order out of chaos in the purchasing department of the American Expeditionary Force in Nebraska days. Gen. Dawes served at Pershing’s elbow from September, 1917, until long after the armistice. It was in vigorous defense of the Army’s money-spending activities that Dawes got his “hell-and-Maria" rep- utation before a committee of Con- gress. That unambiguous outburst grappled Dawes to Pershing’s soul with stronger hoops of steel than ever. * ko x ‘There has just Leen issued from the Government Printing Office in taste- ful bound form the memorial address delivered in the House of Represent- atives in honor of Julius Kahn, late Representative from the San Fran- cisco district of California. Few eulngies of the sort were ever marked by tuore sincere affection than those which his lorg-time colleagues in Con- grees spoke in recalling the ties which united them to the member from the Golden Gate. The volume includes the remarks of former Speaker Gil- lett and of Messrs. Longworth, Mad- den, Garrett, Bacharach. Hill, Sher- wood, Sabath and of Kahn's fellow members of the California delegation. A lifelike portrait of the author of the World War draft law adorns the memorial volume as a frontisplece. The book ends with an excerpt from the Congressional Record, reproduc- ing the Kahn memorial proceedings in the United States Senate. * k x x Representative Fred A. Britten, Re- publican, of Illinols, isn't the only member of Congress facing a fight with a_good-looking woman in the approaching congressional campaign. News from Ohlo is to the effect that a_ similar duel confronts Senator Frank B. Willis, Republican. His prospective opponent is said to be Judge Florence E. Allen, Democrat, of the Ohio Supreme Court, who is credited with aspirations to be the first woman elected to a_seat In the United States Senate. Judge Allen, who was born in Utah and is un- married, began life as a musiclan, became an editor, later a lawyer and then degenerated into an officeholder. She has made a splendid record since elected judge of the Ohio Supreme bench in 1923. Senator Willls is strongly Intrenched in the favor of Buckeye voters, but it {s conceded that Judge Allen might give him a real contest. It ought to be a musical contest, for the Senator, as a. side line, is something of a violinist. * k ok ¥ Some of the Nation’s teachers gath- ered in convention at the Capital City over Washington's Birthday thought it presented the unpatriotic spectacle of an underflagged community. The Stars and Stripes were plentifully in evidence, but not nearly so universally as might have been expected In the District of Columbla. Within one or two squares of the same fashionable résidential street this observer noticed the homes of three distinguished mem- bers of the United States Senate who forgot that it was February 22 and failed to display Old Glory. (Copyright. 1926.) A Friend of Yesteryear. From the Hamilton Spectator. Are we forgetful of old friends? For instance, can the class give offhand the two-letter name of the three-toed sloth? Europe Is Listening In From the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times. Another American girl has won suc- ceas in the realm of grand opera—the second in the present season. Europe may yet hear its master’ Politics at Large By G. The resignation of Bert E. Haney, Democrat, of Oregon, as a member of the United States Shipping Board may be preliminary to his entrance into the race for the senatorial seat now held by Senator Stanfield, Re- publican. It s only fair to Mr. Haney, however, to say that so far he has made no announcement that he will seek the Democratic nomination and election as Senator. As the primaries in Oregon take place in May, how- ever, his decision one way or another must be made soon. Mr. Haney dif- fered with President Coolidge over the operation of the Government mer- chant marine. The President asked for his resignation last Summer and Mr. Haney declined to give it, deny- ing that he had ever made the Presi- dent a promise to go along with the President's plun of having the head of the Emergency Fleet Corporation control the operations of the Govern. ment fleet rather than the Shipping Eoard. * ok k% Democrats here Insist that if an issue were made of the regional con- trol of the Government merchant marine by the Shipping Board us opposed to centralized control by the president of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, it would be an ald to Mr. Haney in his campaign for the Senate on the Pacific Coast, where control by the East Is looked upon askance. Should Mr. Haney de- termine to make the race, & strenuous battle 1s expected. Oregon now has two Republican Senators, a Demo- cratic governor and an entire Re- publican delegation in the House. Senator McNary, Republican, was elected in 1924 by a large majority, recelving 174,672 votes to 65,330 for his Democratic opponent and 20,379 for his Progressive opponent. In 1920, Senator Stanfleld was elected over his Democratic opponent, former Senator George Chamberlain, by a little more than 16,000 votes. Senator Chamberlain had been governor of the State before being elected to the Senate and was very popular both in the Btate and in the Senate, where. he had made a splendid record as chairman of the military affairs com- mittee during the World War. Only once since 1876 has Oregon gone Democratic in a presidential election. That was in 1912, when Woodrow Wil- son carried the State by a minority vote, the majority of the votes being split between Taft and Roosevelt. Oregon must be reckoned a Repub- lcan State, therefore, and there must be a considerable overturn to elect a Democrat to the United States Senate. With the control of the Senate at is- sue, the Republicans will put up a SUff fight to win there this year. Should Mr. Haney not he the Demo- cratic candidate for the Senate the former Representative Elton Watkins may throw his hat in the ring. * x x % The anti-World Court battle has begun In earnest by members of the Senate group which opposed entry of this country Into the court. Senator Borah of Idaho and Senater Reed of Missouri fired the opening guns the first of this week in Chicago, the prin- cipal city of a State where a pro-court Senator, Willlam B. McKinley, is mak- ing a race for renomination and the World Court has been made an issue. Senator Borah is to speak twice at least this week agalnst the court in Wisconsin, where Senator Lenroot, who led the fight In the Senate for ratification of the World Court proto- col. also comes up for re-election this year. Pro-court Senators are threat- ening reprisals If this warfare is kept up by anti-court Senators. * % % 2 Democrats are pricking up their ears over the news from Indiana that Gov. Jackson has delivered speeches interpreted as criticism of the voies of Senators Watson and Robinson of that State against the World Court. Before he appointed Senator Rohin- son to fill the vacancy in the Senate created by the death of Senator Ral- ston, Gov. Jackson declared he would send to Washington a man who would support in every way the adminis- tration of President Coolidge. Yet, Senator Robinson hopped off the res- ervation {n the World Court fight. The hope of the Democrats is that the Re- publicans in the Hoosier S get Into a row among themselves and make It possible to elect one or even | two Democratic Senators next vember. It is now rumored that Rep- resentative Arthur H. Greenwood, Democrat, of the second Indiana con- gressional district, will be a candi- date for the long term against Sen- ator Watson, and that Cyrus Woollen, prominent Indianapolis banker, will be a candidate for the short term agatnst Senator Robinson. * ok ok x Massachusetts promises to be one of the principal battle grounds of the coming campaign. The Democrats are carrying on already an Intensive cam- paign, seeking to elect former S David I. Walsh in place of Senator Willlam M. Butler, chairman of the Republican congressional committee and successful manager of the cam- paign which elected President Coolidge in 1924. They are hoping to present an undivided front, with Senator Walsh as the outstanding figure in their ticket, and with geither Joseph B. Ely of Westfleld or William A. Gas ton of Boston as candidate for gov- ernor. Former Mayor Curley of Bos- ton and former Mayor John F. Fitz gerald may or may not fall In with this program. In Republican circles the bellef has been expressed they will not, but Democrats take a more hopeful ‘view of the situation and say that Curley and Fitzgerald will either be out working for the Democratic ticket or will at least not seck to hinder it. A defeat of Senator Butler would be construed as a repudiation of the administration of President Coolidge in his own State, and might have con- siderable effect upon the presidential campaign in 1928. The Republicans will leave no stone unturned to pre- vent such an occurrence. Doubtless this line of defense will be strongly defended by the Republicans. candidacy of Senator Butler might have sustained a serious blow recently had it not been for prompt and vigor- ous statement on his part. The Ark- wright Club, composed of textile mill owners, through its president, admit. ted at a hearing in the statehousd that it would be In favor of some modification of the 48-hour law which governs the employment of women and children in the mills. A bill under consideration at the time would permit the employment of women for 54 hours a week instead of 48. Senator Butler Is financially interested In tex: tile mills. He denled emphatically that he favored modifying the 48-hour law, and said that he strongly urged against any such change in the law. President Coolidge, as governor of the State, signed the bill creating the 45- hour law in 1919. * X X ¥ Gov. Albert C. Ritchie of Maryland, who looms more and more as a prob- able Democratic nominee for President in 1928, is to be a guest of the Boston City Club on April 22 and deliver an address in that city. The Democrats there are planning a great reception for him. * * k% Senator Robert M. La Follette, jr., has occupied a seat in the Senate less than three months. He is the young- est man to serve in that body since the days of Henry Clay. DBut in the brief time he has been Senator, the junior Senator from Wisconsin has al- ready made himself a factor in legis- lation and debate. He has delivered two speeches, one on the World Court and the other on the tax bill, and upon both he was congratulated by his col- ieagues, Like his distinguished father, 0- te will § The | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERI Q. How old was Paul Lawrence Dunbar when he died?—D. G. A. The negro poet dled in 1906 at the age of 34. Q. Is St. Ellzabeth’s Hospital in Washington a medical school H. A. St Elizabeth’s Hosvltal, which is recognized by the American Medi- cal Association as a “class A" fnstitu tion, is devoted to the treatment of patients admitted from the District of Columbia and of present and former members of the several military serv- ices who are suffering from mental disease. This institution gives In- siruction to students the Army Medical School, the Navy “hool, George Washington, town and Howard universitles, to varfous medical officers det from the and United States Veterans' Bureau. It also gives in struetion in general medicine and urgery and patholozy to students of Washingion and Georgetown mied schools Q. Where {s Mount for whom s it names A. Mount Walluce is a County, Mont., in Absaroka tional” Forest. Tt s lice” by the United States Board in memory of Henry Wallace, the late Secretary of Agriculture. The mountain Is about 10,600 feet high. Q. Why will some cream whip while some will not?—M. 8. A. The kind of cream, its age, its butterfat content and fts temperature influence the whipping quality of cream. Cream to whip well should be very cold, from to 48 hours old, and contaln at least 30 per cent but- tertat. Q. What per cent of the coal used in this country is anthracite 1. N. A. In normal times about 15 per cent of the coal used s anthracite. Q Why do we have thunder and lightning in the Spring and Summer and none in the Winter?—S. H. B. A. The Weather Bureau says that we do, occasionally, have thunder and lightning in the Winter, but they are far more frequent in the Summer. The thunderstorm is caused by the rapid ascent of air carrying a large amount of water vapor. Now, to carry a large amount of water vapor, the alr must be warm, and, to rise rapidly, the surface temperature must he much higher than that of the air half a mile to a mile above. These conditions are far more frequent in the Spring and Summer than during the Winter; hence the thunderstorm is correspondingly more frequent dur- ing the warmer season. Q. Are deaths from tuberculosis in- creasing?—S. H. P. A. Based on the returns from States which have reported to the Public Health Service, about 112.000 per- sons died in this country in 1924 from tuberculo If the death rate had remained what it was in 1900, there would have been more than twice the number of deaths. Q. Is Mrs. Roosevelt’s ien name, * an English name?—L. R. Roosevelt's father wa A. Mr Huguenot descent, the name being originally _“Quereau.” A Roosevelt tra her American lige to Jonathan Edwards. Q. How deep do divers go? A. Depths greater than have been reached by divers, nner's Mate Frank Crilley, U. S. N.. broke the record when he attained a record of 288 feet to locate the sunken submarine F-4 in Honolulu harbor. Thirty-five fathoms, equal to a pressure of about 100 pounds, is regarded as the average depth for divers of experience and good physique Q. When w slaves tirst brought to this untry and when the practice stoppad?—S. A. R. A. The first slaves were brought J. A. J. 200 feet Chief C J. HASKIN. into the Arierican colonies in 1619 The first act of Congress prohibiting the imporiation of slaves Into the United ~States was in 1807. The Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves In seceding States, n 1563, und the adoption of the thir teenth amendment, prohibiting slavery throughout the borders of the United tes and its territories, waus in De- cember, 1865 Q. Are fewer oranges being grown and murketed than there were last vear’—F. C. C, A. The Florida orange and tanger- ine crop for shipment s estimated at 14,000,000 boxes, which is 2,500,000 boxes below last crop. The' to. i California orange crop is estimated 0,400,000 boxes, which an in- e of 2,300000 boxes over last .. Florida is expected to furnish ,500,000 boxes of grapefry and California, 400,000. This is a s crease in California and a slight de- rease in Florid Q. If & person s 21 years 2 months old, is he in his twenty-first or twenty second year?—F A. He is in his twent; econd year. Q. Where is the largest dry dock in the world?—D), H. A. The world's largest floating dry dock 1s located at Southampton, E: land, whither ft was to K from the Tyne River, where it was bullt. This gigantic structure is 950 feet in length and 170 feet {n width. Q. What was Barbara La Marr's real name?—W. F. A. A. Her name was Rhea Watson. Q. When ald begin to cook the A. There is no authentic record, nor does mytholog tradition under take to ix the time when man learned to cook. man _ beings fo0d?—1n. R. first Q. How many planes does the Afr Mafl Service have, and how many peo- ple are employed in this division of the Post Office Department’—K. A. C A. The Post Office Department, ac- cording to its latest report. has 95 mail planes and employs 745 peopls in its Afr Mall Service. Q. Ta goat meat sold to any extent in this country’—M. R. B. A. Statistics show that an average of 141,487 goats were slaughtered an nually under Federal inspection, in the United States, durin, 3 period, 1816 to 1920, { meat quite generallv into the regular mutton trade 2 chas- acteristic sweetn a4 it s properly finished. consumers have the ability to distinguish between mutton and this meat Q. Is the slave, Dred A. A United Dr. Emerson b; er of Dred Scot Goat goes master of the rded?—J. M. tes Army surgeon nzme, was the own me of the ot on the portion of the not directly flluminated by the = is due to the light which the flects on the moon, and is most con- spicuous soon after new moon, when the sun-{lluminated part of the moon's disk is smallest. Our Washington Information Bureaw is looking for a job—that of answer- ing the questions about which you are in doubt. It has a most active and intelligent staff of researchers and correspondents, and plenty of work fs the thinh that most pleases them. The Bureau il furnish vou with eract and definite information on any ques- tion you may submit. It is able to offer to The Evening Star readers free scrvice of unprecedented scope and value. Send in your inquiry todey and inclose 2 cents in stamps for re turn postage. Address Tie Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Regret Government Appears As an Inconsistent Prude Jost American newspapers are not proud of the position in which the Government was placed by the deten- uon of the Countess of Cathcart at Ellis Island when she sought to ente: the United States. It is true, as th Lynchburg News points out, that the countess was not banned by the immi- gration auhtorities because she was a divorcee, as the press abroad seems to assume, but as a result of her own admission of acts involving moral turpitude. Yet there is quite a general feeling that the action was unneces- sary and lald this country open to the rge of inconsistent prudery. “If the countries of Europe were to adopt retaliatory measures,” says the Buffalo Evening News, “If they were to review all Americans who came to their shores on the score of moral turpitude, not a few travelers from this side of the Atlantic would find themselves in the same situation as the Countess of Catheart. It may de- velop that the United States has initi- ated a movement for the framing of an international code for personal con- duct.” ‘What s more, in the view of the Bal- timore Sun, “if other nations follow sult, no traveler will ever know when he may be numbered among the de- portable cla the opportunity pre- sented to make trouble for innocent persons, as well as to disturb friendly international relations, is obvious.” * k¥ % “What, for instance™ asks the Pas- Herald, “might happen to the former president of one of the bi; gest of New York's banks who cros: ed to Paris after a reconciliation with his wife? Or to many others?” The Cincinnati Times-Star follows up this thought with the suggestion. “Why not call it quits and trade the Still- mans for Craven and the Cathcart? Europe took the Stillmans off our hands and so long as Furope keeps the Stilimans we ought not to make such a fuss over the presence of a| cwubl}a of turpitudinous young per- “The immigration gates that often, all too freely, swing inward to admit hootleggers and gunmen and Interna- tional crooks of high degree,” declares the Akron Beacon-Journal, “are slam- med In the countess’ face. and with an ostentation that violates every element he does not speak often, but when he does, it is after careful preparation and with a grasp of the subject which makes his remarks worth hearing. He opposed the leaders of his party on hoth the World Court and the tax bill, but that is not a new experience to a La Follette. During the campaign in Wisconsin last Fall, when he was a candidate for election to the Senate, Senator La Follette made his position clear on these issues. Senator La Fol- lette, like his father before him, is giv- ing much attention to economic issues. He put through the Senate a resolu- tion calling for the income tax returns of the anthracite coal operators. He has a resolution providing for an in- vestigation of the so-called hread trust and food monopolies. Ile does not scatter his fire, but rather concen- trates it. He has been called upon to side over the Senate several times ng his brief service. On one oc- ion when the debate became heated and a Senator, under the rules, was called upon to take his seat because he was “out of order,” the youthful Senator kept his head and handled the situation like a veteran. of decency. Th seems, did not bar the Eritish e was the partner of the coun'ess this favoritism, it seems, and not th vorse blundering of th uming the role of censor pnal morality, that has caused all th fuss.” The su m that *“morul turpitude is moral turpitude and what is fair to the wom: fair to_the man” is advanced hy Albany Eve ning News, with the added comment “America would be busy indeed if it tried to draw its skirts away from all uch who enter this country. And it has much to do at home.” ¥ % * x The Newark Evening that “morality never n a shabbier dress than with the Countess of (2 Earl of Craven,” while the Loulsvilie Courler-Jou t “the United States is placed in the position of the intolerant prude, the moral snob,” and “Europe naturally regards their action as international bad manners."” To the Danville Bee “It the spectatcle of a great government bending to a small and ugly Incident, making fish of one und fowl of tha other-—in other words, a brief act of | pecksniffan drama_that is not on unfair to the victim but ridicuious and _unnecessary.' “Why should the coun: been questioned when the eurl was not™ continues the Omaha World Herald. “She certainly the right to be faced by the complafnant and to know why the complaint was lodged. If we haven't gotten into this absurd predicament too far may the good Lond preserve us from ever getting into another like it New York World also emphatical {condemns the saction: *“Nothing | nauseating in its shameless hypoc- risy, nothing so intolerable in down- right stupidity, has turned the laugh of scorn on the United States for o long while.” The Rock Island Argus ‘shudders at the possibilities cpening were all tried and true Americans a past obligated to leave the of per s have But the Milwaukee Journal remarks that “the countess knows her stuff,” and refers to the fact that she “fre- quently mentions, casually, the title of her forthcoming production in all this publicity that she has been get- ting free, and which she could have got In no other way than with the Government's assistance.” The Nash- villgy Banner argues that “when woman secured equal rights man be- came liable for equal wrongs,” and that in this instance “it wus a clean cut case of guilt by both.” While the need of reforms at Ellis Island is suggested by the Ann Arbor Times-News, this paper belleves that “in the meantime it is well that there be no distinction as between forelgn ranks,” and the Springfield Repub- lican maintains that “no overflowing sympathy need be spent on foreign visitors, however highly placed in soclety, whose sex escapades do vio- lence to proper legal and social safe- guards.” The Aberdeen Daily World also calls attention to the fact that the countess “wrote a play embody- ing her experiences with Lord Craven and ‘she came to the United States to market her produce. She intends, in other words, to capitalize her ir- regular life.” [