Evening Star Newspaper, January 3, 1926, Page 43

U. S. PRESTIGE AT STAK 4 N TACNA-ARICA ISSUE South American Di spute Frought With Grave Possibilities—Coolidge Influ- ence Likely to Promote Settlement. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. LTHOUGH acknowledged bristle with delicate issues, confidence in Washington is zeneral that the Tacna-Arica mess eventually will be un- led without serious consequences. t opinion prevails not only at the ite House and the State Depart- but in Washington’s Latin nerfean quarters. One of the foundations of optimism > early arvival in Chile of Senor Beltrun Mathieu, elinquished the Chilean ambassador- ship at Washington (o become foreign iinister of his country. Senor M ieu represented Chile in the United tes for more than seven years. He s entirely convinced that America’s sole desive in the Tu#na-Arica busi- nes is to get it xettled promptly and settled fairly to al concerned. Desires to Preserve Peace. Senor Mathieu also knows that the United States’ one dominating motive \ the affair is to preserve peace in Latin America. lle is expected to be powerful intluence .in inducing his vernment and peaple to abide honor- ibly by the plebiscite recommended President Coulidge and put in mo- by Gen shing. So much having been said. it would he misleading to suggest that all is the best in the situation. On the ary. the situation contains poss reaching effect upon the ons of the United States Latin Amerlean republics. -, there is now pretty wdmission that it was 2 psy a man of ce Gen. Pershing, to 1y diplomatic contro- Latin Ame: handled’ by t0 ve Tha rel the fir not e sciplinarian a stern ing, sometimes in- on hand within the velvet abble that is nearly haif a old, and that has been per. temperamental people uvians, re- treatment of the Strong-arm meth- wse 1l wer such wowhere even, us now seems probable, Pershing is superseded by a the obligation upon the part f the ['nited States to bring ubout a w-Arica settlement will remain first necessity is that the plebi- ite urged by President Coolidge be held. The second necessity will be to see that result of the plebiscite is respected by both Chile and Peru, no how it results. It is conceded body at interest that the 1 in 1o circums » fmbrogl Britling, Uncle ee it through.” It American pres shvious, will "The the matter srien, reparable hlow Not Wield “Big Stick.” in a responsible place at 1 imagines that the United the last analysis, would use armed force to impose Prestdent Cool- award—i. e.. the result of the ite—upon either Chile or Peru, r of them should be fn: clined to disrespect it. M. not the Rooseveltian who would a “big such ms:ances except on the | ovocation. Nor would Amer- fcan public opinion be likely to expect or approve n United States military t is one Washin States, in statesman ticl who has just | even though he | conditions, common- | Coolldge | under | and naval expedition Tacna-Arica settlement. geney that is much less remote, and one that gives American officials a good deal more food for thousht than the possibility of forcing Chile and Pern to compose their differences, is | the League of Nations factc z Seventeen Latin American natio including all of the principal repub: lics, belong to the league. present Brazil and Uruguay are on the league council. Our sister republics went into the league wholly regardless of our determination to stay out. They, | of course, did so in the expectation that the league’s machinery, some- how, some day, would serve Latin | American purposes, even though the | covenant expressly exempts “regional understandings like the Monroe doc- trine” from league activities. League’s Interest Sought. League antennae, notwithstanding, havé on one or two more or less im- portant occasions been in contact with | Latin American questions. _Bolivia, | for instance, tried and falled to get | the league interested in the:Tacna- | Arfca controversy. Only recently Chile made an “infor- mative communication” to the league regarding the present status of the Tacna-Arica business. A year or two ago, Sir Erfc Drummond, secretal general of the league, made certain so- called “Inquiries” regarding some dif- ferences among some of the Central American republics. There were un- official, but meaningful, indications in the United States that league inter- vention in the affair in question would not be agreeably regarded at Wash- ington. Nothing further was heard out of Geneva. Yet the leading Pan-American au- thorities in Washington have repeat- edly pointed out that there is a stead- 1ly perceptible veering of Latin Ameri- can sentiment in favor of the League of Nations. With Germany becoming a member, and with the new prestige that has come to the league through Locarno and the forthcoming disar- mament conference, it is recognized that league stock in South America faces a bull, rather than a bear, mar- ket. A Question for United States. It is considered entirely within the realm of practical possibilities that if Chlle and Peru are not able to adjust Tacna-Arica under American auspices, they might, rather than fizht about it, seek league auspices. Could the United States reasonably object if they did 807 And, if they did so, where would it leave the prestige of the *“colossus of the North” in the eyes of Latin America Charles Evans Hughes had sighted vision on all these counts That is why, as Secretary of State, he | threw himself with his amazing vig into the settlement of the Brazi Peruvian-Colombian boundary dispute. which was settled as the eleventh-hour achievement of Hughes last March. Secretary Hughes embraced with no less zeal the opportunity to use the arbitral offices of the United States to settle the Tacna-Arica dispute. Many of Hughes' Latin American. intimates always were persuaded that he en. visaged the day when Pan-America might, for any of a varlety of reasons, | prefer the League of Nations to the United States as a sanctuary on con troversial occasions. It was to post pone that day as long as possible that Hughes worked. (Copyright, 14 to impose a A contin a far. 26.) NEW BY TURKS IN ALSACE-LORRAINE IS SEEN MOSUL DECISION Action of League Declared to Have Borne Out Fears That Great Nations Alone Would Benefit Through Rul BY SHAH-MIR, now attache to the Spain, in Charge Affairs, kish Cons General ) the Turkish ks cannot disguise the fact that ppointed with the il decision of the League of Na . which now lies before the ey f the world. We wanted to test once more this new international machin in order to sfy oursely vhether or not it wa v to become . fa for peace and justice in the settiement of international controver- sles. This present experience with the gue confirms our fear that it has simply been created for the purpose of offering _its offices to its most powerful members rather than to ren- even-handed justice among the As we ook at it, the Mosul that the blg powers hemselves in the background, d the league, and thus escape the tlity their acts before the * the world. In brief, as louk ut it, what is happening is through’ the machinery and in the name of humanity the world is being plainly proves at leag ond teceived By this decision the league has de- the constitutional rights of Tur- and is placing an essential part of itory under the control of Eng- giving England a mandate territory. It is difficult to be the ultimate conse- quence of such a decision.” It seems air to believe, however, that the world will again see another Alsace-Lorraine «nd that the new Republic of Turkey, s no longer “the sick man of rope.” will prove to be a nation ca- le of safeguarding its territorial in- . as well as its national dignity + plain truth is, and T believe Ad- ustice our ter and by over that Ziess what n of the | ings of Bod, |miral Bristol or any other well in | formed American who knows the Re- | public of Turkey will bear witness to {it, that Turker had no quarrel with the Irak government. Indeed. we |looked with pleasure upon the consti tution of that government. We would | be willing to negotiate for a settlement of any claim we a feeling that a mutual understanding | 2 and a willingness to accept mutual {is an important factor in the appear- Just set- | ance of the customer. sacrifices would bring about tlement. But, unfortunately, we can- not help seeing that in the name of mandates and under the protection of the league foreign intervention is real- ly being pushed to further gelfish in- |terests.” This is the kind of interna- tional difficulty which threatens terri- torfal integrity, and it Turkey's terri- torial Integrity is threatened she will not hesitate to fight if necessary. People in this country will natural- Iy ask how Turkey would have settled the Mosul difficuity after it actually |arose, ana after it became clear that |the Irak government and Turkey were not going to be permitted to settle it by direct negotiation between them- selves. The solution that would have been highly satisfactory to us would have been through the mediation of a really neutral power such as America. Turks would have welcomed America las a mediator because we have abso- lute faith in the justice of America. We would have welcomed such media- tion even if it had resulted in a ma- { terial sacrifice o. ofl fields that we feel belong to us. But quite u different method of settling differences was fol- lowed, and it may turn out that it was an unwise and an _unfortunate method that will not lead to what all the world should devoutly wish as the new year opens—an enduring peace. (Copsright, 1925.) 100 Years of Life Will Be Average In 2000 A. D., College Professor Says The average baby born around the year 2000 A. I». may expect to spend 100 years on earth, instead of about halt a century. which f lfetime at present. This is the predic- tion made by Dr. Hornell Hart of Bryn Mawr College, before the American Soclological Societ “Unless we wreck our civilization 1 the next 75 vears, which Is unlikely, many 2 baby will be born with 200 or more vears of life before it, and men and women 100 years of age will be the normal thing. but instead of being wrinkled and crippled, they will still be in their vigorous prime,” said Dr. Hart. his may be predicted with jnore certainty than that with which Jules Verne predicted the submarine Bacon the automobile and air- plane.” There is a chance that we have about reached the limit of reducing the death rate, and that there wiil be few spectacular gains in the future, he explained. It is also possible that medical science has now found its ide and that further gains in life expectation may be made at about the present rate, This means that the Average individual born in the vear 000 could expect to live about 87 ears. The hypothesis which Dr. itart finds meet plausible, however, the average | and on which he bases hLis forecast, |is that the gain will be even swifter than in recent years. “During the past million years the | tendency has been for man to gain control over his environment with in- creasing swiftness,” he explained. “A second line of evidence is that since 1910 medical science has begun to cope ‘sx\;vrefisfully with diseases of later | life. In the field of preventive medicine | research workers are making major discoveries which bid fair to eclipse past attainments in life saving. Furthermore, new research labora- tories are being opened, new apparatus and techniques are being discovered, an increasing number of trained in’ vestigators is available, and unpre. cedented sums of money are being placed at the service of scientists in this fleld. “Present tendencies indicate the practical elimination of disease and of old age through scientific discoveries in the next century er two,” said Dr. - Thoroughly Earned. From the South Bend Tribune. Pictures of Red Grange suzgest that be is earnlng whatever he is getting. an- | ad against Irak with | ! i | | I | | design or { differs from | member YHY SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 3, 9 1926—PARY The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended January 2: France—Briand, that in- comparable master of the art of poli- tics, has won another victory. Tt will he recalled how early in December last in order to obtain the support of the Radical Socialist party (the most mod- erate party of the Left, without whose support it would not have been pos. sible for him to form a government) he was constrained to include a ma jority of Radical Socialists in his cabi- net. It will be recailed, too, how the Left majority in the Chamber compelled his first ter of Finance, M. Loucheur n, and how the Left majority in the cabinet have violently bustled themselves to compel M. Dou- mer to modify in the direction of Left doctrine his program for the reform and stabilization of the fisc and finance. It was widel; put about that surely M. Doumer must yield or re- sign, or, in other words, since Briand was {n_complete accord with M. Dou- mer, Briand must abjectly surrender to the Left or lose his political head. The political carrfon crows gathered in expectation of another political ca- daver. But Briand disappointed their flend- ish appetites. He had been scouting and maneuvering and apparently had at last satistied himself that he could form a majority Center bloc. So, pa- tience and argument exhausted, he sud- denly informed his Left colleagues that M. Doumer had gone his limit in con cession, that If they didn’t like his program they had best resign. But these gentlemen had noted the drift of sentiment in the Chamber and having no desire to wander in the wilderness, themselves surrendered. They ac. cepted the program and pledged full support thereof. Spirit of Locarno. Emerging from the cabinet meeting. Briand smilingly announced: *‘We have managed to get the spirit of Locarno into the cabinet.” M. Doumer’s biil calls for 5,800,000, 000 franes of taxes in addition to ta ation already voted to meet the ne cessities of 1926. It will be remem- bered how at the outset of his pr miership, on December 2 last, Briand wrung from the sullen Chamber emer- | gency authority for 3,000,000,000 francs of additional taxation. M. Doumer proposes to apply the 3.000, 000,000 of revenue contemplated by December ant and the 5,800,000, 000 contemplated by his bill as fol lows: Four billion three hundred mil- lion against the estimated budget defi- cit; 2,000,000,000 reimburse the Bank of France, 2.500.000,000 to go into a sinking tund for amortization of the public debt The taxation contemplated by the act of December (3,000,000,000) 1s mostly direct. That contemplated by the new bill (85.800,000,000) is mostly indirect; 3.800,000.000 to be derived from an “extraordinary and tempo- ra increase of indirect taxation mainly on business turnover; lion from boosting tobacco 100,000,000 m Bourse operations, 500,000,000 from export duties; 300,. 000,000 is expected through improve- ment in methods of collection. It is happily to be noted that 4,500,000,000 of the above is 10 go toward improve- ment of the treasury’s position. M. Doumer has not entirely spurned the Left. He, with Briand, believes that prices direct taxation should be extended very cautiously, if only in due time a “‘project of reform of direct taxation conformable to democratic principles.” The tax on business turnover, so ob- noxlous to the business world, is a concession to the Left. : The dispatches indicate a general feeling of rellef in France, a general expectation that the Chamber will pass M. Doumer's bill and so end a long-unhappy episode. Anofficial statement shows total losses to date in the Moroccan war of those under French colors as fol- lows: Officers_killetl (all French) 140: men killed, 2,500; wounded officers (all French), 239; men woundeg, 7,300. * ok kK Hungary.—On May 1, 1924, Jere- miah Smith established his office at Budapest as commissioner general of the League of Nations for Hungary, to supervise execution of the league's plan for the fiscal and financial re- habilitation of that country. An in- ternational loan of about 11,000,000 pounds for Hungary’s benefit was soon floated under league auspices- Of this sum about 3,000,000 pounds was applied to covering the deficft for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924. The budget for the fiscal vear ended June 30, 1925, contem- plated (with. the approval of the league’s financial committee) use of about 4,000,000 pounds from the proceedg of the international loan, the league committee reckoning that the rest of the proceeds of the loan would be needed in the following twelvemonth and not expecting budget equilibrium prior to the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1926. But since Mr. Smith took the helm the revenue has so far exceeded ex- pectations (along with admirable econ- omy in expenditure) that there was a handsome surplus on June 30, 1925, no use being made of the proceeds of the international loan, a rather wonderful thing. New Bank Thriving. The new Natlonal Bank of Hun- gary, created under the league plan, is thriving mightlly. Hungarian cur- rency@s perfectly stable. The num- ber of Hungarians unemployed is only about 40,000 The population of Hungary is about 8,000,000.- The Hungarian army is, by the treaty of Trianon, restrict- ed to 35,000. An allled military mis sion is stil in observation in Hun. gary and the military expenditure is under strict league supervision. It seems unlikely, therefore, that the governments the Little Entente are justified in their apparent belief that” the military clauses of the treaty are being serfously violated. It should be noticed t the na- tions of the Little Entente have a combined population of 42,000,000 and maintain armis peace strength of 405,000 Country Ts Quiet. Sir Willlam Goode. who 1 knows as much about Hungary as non-Hungarian, declures that since Mr. mith's arrival in Rudapest “Hungary has perhaps been the quietest country in Europe.” It is somewhat remark able that Count Bethlen has been premier longer than any other man in Europe now holding the premier job It is, too, mnot without significance that the elective principle has been partially applied to the upper House of the Hugarian Diet. It is very far from true that all is well with Hungary. But the aspects rohably ny | above set forth are reassuring. Word has” just arrived that - Mr. Smith, his mission accomplished and his office therefore abolished, will leave Budapest next June. * ok kK China.—Chang Teo Lin having re. established his authority in Manchuria, the Japanese have relinquished control of Mukden, the Manchurian capital. The Japanese reinforcements, re- cently sent to Manchuria, are being withdrawn therefrom. Gen. Hsu Shu Cheng, popularly known as “Little Hsu,” was assas. sinated the other day by the son of a man whom he murdered in 1918. The assassin is a captain in the army of Feng Yu Hsiang, and is a cousin of the latter. He has not been arrested and probably will not be, as the public, which was highly indig- nant over his father's murder, regards the act of revenge as justified. Little Hsu once made a good deal of nolse in the world. He was military chief of the Anfu party when that party was glving what might be called the classic peculative exhibition of all time, but fighting as only a Chinaman can fight, he went down before Wu Pel Fu in 1920. * k% X% Chile and Peru—Reports that Gen. Pershing is in such poor health that he will probably be compelled to glve up his presidency of the Tacna- Arica plebiscitary commission, seem to be exaggerative. The general, how- ever, is in need of dental treatment and will in the near future make a trip to Washington for that purpose if the “plebiscitary situation” permits. It has been given out semi-officlally that the President, scrupulous to maintain absolute impartiality, will not consult Gen. Pershing prior to reply. ing to the note of protest addressed by the Chilean government to him as arbitrator in the Tacna-Arica dispute. The plebiscitary commission has re. solved as follows: The law to govern the plebiscite shall be promulgated on January 15, the lists of voters| shall be made between February 15| and March 15; on April 15 the pleb. iscite shall be held, to determine whether Tacna and Arica shall (in the words of the treaty of Ancon) “re main definitely under the dominion and sovereignty of Chile, or continue to form a part of Peru Some are loudly asserting that a pleblscite will never be held. There are rumors afloat even that Chile is stocking up with war materisl. But it is scarcely complimentary to Chile to suppose that she will repudiate any decision, whatever it may be, that President Coolidge, as arbitrator, may make * % % o# United States of America.— 1 looks as though the administration were in | for a serfous fight to maintain the policy respecting relief for the farmer to which the President gave full ex pression in his speech of December 7 | to the Farm Bureau Federation con-| vention at Chie: On this side is| a clamor for drastic revision down-| ward of the tariff., as to reduce the farmer’s costs of living and oper atfon: on that fierce advocacy of the MeNary-Haugen bill or some similarq price-fixing measure. No doubt many | would have both. The danger of a bolt of Republican farmers to the Democratic pa on the tariff issue darkens man Negotiations are still in Pprogress | of Rome under the new political sys. {all between representatives of the an- thracite coal miners and representa- | tives of the operators. Tariff Commission Scored. The Tariff Commission has been get ting some hard knocks, critics thereof alleging that it is a partisan body and that appointments to it have been made precisely to that end. According to Marine Engineering | and Shipping Age, 31 per cent mors tonnage was buflt in American ship. vards in 1925 than in 1924. And 3 per cent more tonnage is now under | construction than a year ago. The thirteenth annual report of the Department of Labor (covering the fiscal year 1923) is interesting. Sec- retary Davis notes “the present over- developed state of some of our larger | industries,” in particular, the boot and shoe, flour, and bituminous coal industries. The larger plants, he de- clares, glut the market and the small ones are forced to shut down. The Secretary finds, in fact, more or less overproduction in mnearly every in- dustry. These findings, however, are scarcely in agreement with the fol- lowing statement by the Secretary of the Treasury in his annual repor “While production has been high, it has been, as a rule. well adjusted to the rate of consumption and has not resulted in a_gene umulation of large stock Mr. Davis again urges the need of an efficient system for distribution of workers. Immigration Report. The number of immigrant aliens, reports the Secretary, admitted in the fiscal year 1925 under the new immi gration act, was 204,000, as compared with 707,000 admitted i1 the previous vear under the old act. He invited | tention to a large increase in the smuggling of allens and in desertion of alien seamen at American ports. He recommends registration of all aliens in this country More than 20,200,000 motor vehicles have been registered in this c in 1925, an increase of about 2,1 within {S~rear, about 1 L000 being passenger cars number of me tor vehicles in New Yok State alone is three-fourths as great as the total number in all Burop/. | NOTE: bit in the dustry. London seem former place as financial center. Germany's import surplus vember, 1925, was nly 6! marks, as against 403,000,000 in November, 1924, On December 31 the first governor —Thing: Britls ary: ship looking up a building in- abont to recover its| the worlas chief | in No- ,000,000 marks tem was fnaugurated. The ceremon in connection therewith was grandoise to thanth power, with elements from imperial and from medieval Rom Mussolini was equal to the occasion and made a very Mussolinistic speech. He told the new governor that within five years he must restore Rome in her imperial and medieval mag nificance, removing in the process all | modern ‘“parasitical constructions” | and *‘contaminations.” The allied military control commis- sion in Bulgaria will scon be with- drawn. Many serious floods are reported from Europe, the Rhine, for example, rising 35 feet. | | | Clothes Makers Seek | One Measuring Standard | Annoyanc chasers of wearing tremendous 1o and expense caused pur- apparel and the | s suffered mer. chan 1d manufacturers because of | lack of standards of measurements are ssailed from several sources in bung but p h for the male counterpart new sense. Venus and Adonis have their proper places in mythology. They still are held forth as criterions of physical perfection and beauty of the female rd the male of the human species, but the dressmakers. the clothing manufacturers, the hosiery and under- wear producers are having difficulties in following such models. The studies about to be undertaken have no relation whatsoever to sty There is no intention of standardizing pattern and of putting the American people into uniforms. Style, with its changes, is a very important factor to the merchant and the manu- acturer of wearing apparel. just as it has started, Style is one thing, size is another. Tdeas Vary Greatly What is a 36 dress, or a size 9 pair of stockings? What is a 40 suit of clothes, or a &ize 1013 pair of socks? The ideas have been. almost as dif- feront as the ideas of individual beauty. ‘The manufacturers have been doing the best they could, and it has been a rather good job when it is considered that there are no standards to follow and that each producer has had to use his individual judgment as to just where to place the tupe measure when ruling off a size. Theresult is that two No. 36 dresses, side by side in the same shop, but made by differ- ent manufacturers, may vary an inch or more in the bust measurement. This is one thing, at least, that every woman knows. And men know the same thing about suits and overcoats and other garment Manufacturers, and merchants know other things about this size probler. | They know, for instance, that a size 36 dress from a specific manufacturer means 36 inches in the bust and 38 in the hips. Furthermore, they know that a 36 dress which will perfectly fit the average woman of that size in New York State, will be a sad misfit for the woman in Towa or Oregon or | Alabama who orders a 36. Army Aids Men’s Trade. | The Army Quartermaster Corps | learned much about differences in the sizes of men from different parts of | the country during the World War. In fact, the only intensive study made of this’ general subject until recently is that conducted for the War Depart- ment. It serves as a basis for what- ever the men's clothing trade may do along this line. It is beyond all hope that there can Dbe devised a_system of measurements which will do away with alterations entirely. The American individual his fellows too greatly for that. But it is belleved that| methods of measuring can be evolved which will bring us to the point that a 36 dress and a 40 suit will mean the | same thing to all manufacturers and merchants and customers, with varia- tions of detail adjusted to known av- erage factors in the different sections of the countrs Hosiery manufactur this problem a year ago. considerable time and money in a survey, through the National Asso- ciation of Hosiery and Underwear Manufacturers, in~ co-operation with the Bureau of Standards at Wash- ington. They found some 30-odd | methods of suring among their | 2 v standardized the | uring. and now a No. ! ame foot leading manufacturers. | tion now is studying | ymen’s_hosiery. tate Merchants’ Council at Chicago, comprising some 20,000 retailers in 11 Middle Western States, 9 1 s attacked They spent method of 9 pair of stocl ize to all | the government. ! at least the various MORE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY Coolidge Proposal, Opposed by Natives, Declared | Necessary in View of Handicaps Under Which Governor General Works. BY NORBERT LYONS, Secrstary, U. S. Mission. American Chamber of Conimerce of the Philippine Islands. ‘There is more significance than might commonly be realized in the President’s recommendation to Con- gress that the Governor General of thority. In the first place. it is the first officlal Washington suggestion for a change in the Jones bill since that measure was enacted in 1915 Only four or five vears ago President Harding assured a Philippine indepen ! mission that *no backward step” would be taken by this Govern ment. Mr. Harding's concept of a “backward step” may have differed completely from that entertained by the Filipino leaders, but the latter as- sumed that it favored the independ- ence cause, and were therefore much elated over the utterance. Evidently something has happened since then to bring about a change of viewpoint on the part of the Wash- ington administration. Gen. Wood's experience with the practical work- ings of the Jones bill seems to have been the basis of the change. Leonard Wood and former Gen. Forbes made their tour of stigation in 1921 the found that the restoration of the go ernor general's authority was neces- sary for the proper governiment of the islands. They therefore recommended that the governor general be given authority commensurate with his sponsibility. Congress, however, d regarded this recommendation, and when Gen. Wood was made governor general he assumed office under the extralegal conditions created the Harrison regime. Government Incompetent. Difficulties appeared at once. The legislature and the political leaders felt that under Harrison they had “achieved” certain rights and pre- rogatives in the conduct of govern- mental affairs which they must not permit to be taken from them. As | one of them publicly boasted, they had | succeeded in making a “figurehead” of the governor general. Gen. Wood, however, did not pro- pose to become a figurehead. He found the government in an almost bankrupt condition and the depart- ments saturated with incompetence, nepotism and politics. Many changes of personnel and some drastic execu- tive acts were needed in order to re- habilitate the governmental finances and restore a measure of efficlency to At every step, how- Wood found himself ever, Gen. | blocked by the legislature and the lipino political leaders who refused is beginning a study of measurements after some work in this direction by | the Michigan Retail Dry Goods As- soclation and other organizations in other sections, manufacturers as well as dealers, are taking lively interest in the subject. The Associated Knit Underwear Manufacturers of America have placed a research fellow at the Bureau of Standards for a study of the measurements of knit underwear. The Bureau of lHome Economics of the Department of Agriculture has outlined an extensive program of size study in co-operation with ties and women's clubs. Several large private firms, manufacturing men's clothing have made and are making imilar studies. There may be no “perfect 36.” but 36s who approach perfection soon will know more about o | whose nominations the Legislature has] {of universi- | !organized by | | to sanction any but Filipino appoint-| ments and in general desired to con-| tinue to exercise the administrative powers they had virtually usurped/ under the Harrison regime. Thus, working with his hands tied, | figuratively speaking, Gen. Wood has the Philippines be granted more au-| I3 to push through His: petome o | move and m, checked and harassed at every abused for his commend- able efforts to bring good government the people of the islands. That he has succeeded in bringing about a vast improvement in conditions is a tribute to his indomitable energy and resourcefulness; hut the situation con tinues to be an almost impossible one. In order to secure the services of competent men the governor gen- eral must often resort to the ex- pediency of appointing them ad fn- terim, so that they might serve while the Senate debates their availability In many cases men are holding offic definitely declined to confirm stmpl: because they are Americans. Such a_situation, of course, makes it very dificult for the governor to secure qualified public servants. The only remedy is to strengthen the au- thority of the governor general to the extent that he may appoint his own administrative staff. The Legislature should not be in a position where it can definitely block the governor's appointment’s out of pure obstinacy or racial bias. President Coolidge’s recommenda- | tion s also likely to have important political effects in the islands. It constitutes a_very serious reflection upon the efficiency of the Legislature and fndirectly is a censure of the politi- cal leaders in control who have di- rected the policy and activities of the Filipino participation in the govern: ment. The Democrata minority is likely to take advantage of this situa- tion to discredit the Natlonalista leaders with the people. pointing out that the Nationalistas have lamentably failed in their campaign for independ- ence, and instead of securing any gains in political autonomy have invited a “backward step.” This may prove a fatal blow to the National- istas and may result in a triumph of the Democratas at the next elections. The Nationalistas have been on top in Philippine politics ever since the Phil- ippine elective assembly (now the House of Representatives) was estab- lished in 1907. They have never re- celved such a setback as is contained in President Coolidge’s message to Congress. Giving the Democratas a chance {n office would probably prove a healthy change in Philippine local politics. (Copyright. 1825.) o “Colds” Afflict Holland. In Holland “catching a cold” is a national trouble. During the Winter half of the Dutch people snuffle while the other half recover from colds. The raw sea winds of the lowlands seem not yet to have hardened the Hol- landers. In no country is the hand- Kkerchief industry more prosperous. A scientific inquiry into the causes “colds” in the Netherfinds and means to prevent them has been the sanitary section of the . University of Amsterdam. The inquiry will last 35 weeks. From all parts of the country slgns of sym- pathy have reached the heroes of science who will try to cure Dutch of a great afiction. Kight thousand the real size of their clothes than they | Hollanders offered to support the fn- do now. quirers In their campalgn. |stop growing at the same age, Intelligence Increases Until One Reaches 20 If intelligence were a visible part of | human anatomy, like helght, so that it | could be seen and measured with a tapeline, we could easily observe that | he average individual stops growing | around the age of 13, but t the brighter child continues to shoot up head and shoulders above the crowd until he is 20 vears old, or perhaps older. idence along this line, showing that all minds, like all bodies, do not ut that some continue to grow much longer was presened by Dr. L. L. Thurstone, of the University of Chicago, before the American Psycho- logical Assocation in session at Cor- | nell. “During the war it was possible to | compare brightness of men of different age groups by means of the arm il tests,” said Dr. TI tone. e tests indicated that intel- ligence does not increase n adult age Men 30 years old did not do much better in the tests than men 21 vears| old. Experimaents to determine the | point at which adult intelligence is| reached placed the age level of s called addlt intelligence in the vicinity | of 14 or 15 years. “By a new method of measurement, | a study has been made of 3,000 Lon-| don children, 3 to 14 years old, and a | study of 10,000 American children from 8 to 19 years. Results show that bLrightness increases as far as the! study has been carried, that Is, up to 20_years. It still remains a fact that the average brightness of the adult popu- lation, as measured by psychological tests, is no higher than that found among school children in the teens, | Dr. Thurstone pointed out. “‘But bright children,” he added, “undoubtedly con- | tinue to grow in intelligence beyond the conventional so-called adult level o Bullfight Broadcast From Spanish Arenas In Spanish wireless the latest effort has been to broadeast a bullfight. The ring, by its circular construction in which the seats rise, tier on tier, to the roof balconies, forms an admirible sounding box. Then the bullfight is a stereotyped affair, a repetition of a short drama, which rarely lasts more than 20 minutes, and is divided into five phases. Tirst is the brief one of the entrance of the bull when he bounds into ih plaza and rushes for the men waving large cloaks. Next is the longer act, during which the bull must be brought to charge the horsemen three times and receive three lance-thrusts; then the short phase of the banderillas, when three pairs of barbed darts are stuck into the nape of his neck; then the culminating moment of the death-stroke by the matador, and finally the last brief phase when the dead bull is dragged out of the arena by a team of janglingly harnessed mules. The_spectators. numbering sometimes 15,000, punctuate every phase with their shouts. Only very | brief indications by the speaker near the microphone are necessary to guide the listener-in. who can follow the fight from start to finish and feel some of the emotion the spectators express in the mighty shout-waves that rock the microphone. Black Hawk Cave Found. A mew cave, believed to be even| larger than either Crystal Cave or Wind Cave in the Black Hills. has been discovered on the ranch of W. H. Dardtt, near Black Hawk, South Da- kota. and now is being exploxed and | platted. The cave is_one-half mile west of the Custer Battlefield and Coast-to-Coast Highway, six miles | northwest of Rapld City. | countries into 3 U. S. WARNED TO BEWARE OF RECOGNIZING SOVIET Equivalent of Join ing Socialist League of Nations, Declares John Hays Hammond. Dangers Are Pointed Out. ’ ion of Russia is & Nate—The recogn likely to come soon ressing question hefore the Senate. Mr. Hammond. who kriows Russia as weil as any American. Boints out that such artion reould un duly entangle us icith Bolshevism BY JOHN HAYS HAMMOND. N THE case of the recognition of | Russla we are not called upon | merely to recognize a political | entity within a_ circumscribed | terrifory, but to become a con- stituent member of a Soclalist League of Nations which avowedly alms to compel all the nations of the world to join a union of soviet republics. This they aim to accomplish by in- stdious bolshevistic propaganda, sup- plemented where necessary and when opportune by physical force. There is no gainsaying that this is the program of the Soviet government, for its policy has been iterated and reiterated times innumerable by § representatives | Old Russia is now one state in a| new union of six soviet l’epuhlk‘v‘ The opening paragraph of the con- | stitution which erected these states says: “Since the formation of the soviet republic the world has become divided into two camps, that of capital- ism and that of sovietism—and soviet | republics form a d siv step to-| ward the union of the toilers of all | one world soviet so | cialist republic.’ { Enemy of Present System. | From a political and soctal point of view, therefore, sovietism is a de! clared enemy of our present civiliza- | world commerce. tion, and for that reason alone should be universally proscribed. By some we are vaguely asked to recognize the Russian people. A state does mnot recognize w people: it re Ognizes their government, and we are asked to join a league at present com posed of an insignificant minority of the Russian people. This minority succeeded by counterrevolution in wresting the reins of government from the Kerensky political faction, which overthrew the tyrannical regime of the Czar. ‘Fhrough terrorism this armed minority malntains the most ruthless despotism and the most ag gressive imperialism in the history of Russis ) Are we to blink the facts; to ignore the subversive propaganda being rried on for the overthrow of all other governments of the world; the trouble fomented by bolshevik agencies in China, in many states of Surope and in Latin America? We are urged to grant diplomatic im- munity, which would facilitate the ef- forts of bolshevik agents to foment |discord among our industrial classes, | | opment and this In spite of the protest of oup great American labor organizations, which are combating the activities of these anarchists, Sees Bribes Offered. And what are we offered in | change for the stultification of political {deals in promoting sov pirations? The soviets quite frank are appealing to our covetousness, as they did only too successfully to that of European nations eager for portunity to expand commerce. to bribe us by the offe concessions o our slons Invariably with them. We are told that the economic cn dition of Russia is rapidly improvine and will before long reach the pre status. But even so, Russia's pre commerce constituted less than per cent of the world's commerce. Our pre-war trade with Russic averase only about $40,000,000 a* ar—a bag: telle in our foreign commerce. ¥ ognition or no recognition, Russia compelled to buy from the Uni States certain comm ties cont and specialized manufact as we are not dependent for any of our necessities of ind izens string o 1 o1 Land of Great Resources. Russia land of great nat resources, but an enormous outk capital will be required for the deve of th s hefore Russia will h he purchasing pows to hecome important factc Where is this e ital to come In spite of I sla’s profe: renunciation of he | anti-capital economie the and th adoption of the N. 1 | nomic policy—the sufficlently great, I by { her former European hankers investments she hus con: s Amer much an lon, inves! | to t | than is their | doubt that the ! and sustained fina | cor fses | the political, socia | ciples of Russia | velopment can | commensurate with | wealth. But after & | oBnize Russia from t eration of expediency pected economic benefi willing to sell the glorious birthri of our Nation for a mess of able, indigestible. sian pottage—per > we 1o re PS poisc PREDICTS PLANE, OT AIRSHIP, WILL BE FIRST ACROSS ARCTIC Stefansson Pins Faith in Air Route as Dozen Expedi- ; tions, Including Detroit Party, Prepare for Inva- sions of Frozen Zone—Says Success Must Come. BY VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON. A dozen Arctic expeditions for this ar have already been announced or planned €0 openly that they are well known. Others are being hatch- ed in secret, and it now seems that the coming Arctic boom will be sec- ond only to the present one in Florida. That the interest is likely to be permanent and that the Arctic is in some sense or other a “'coming coun- try” will seem to the public to be more or less guaranteed by the prac- tical—very practical—support of the Detroft _Aviation Soclety, of which Henry Ford is the leading member and of which his chief engineer, Willlam Benson Mayo, is president. When the MacMillan and Amund- sen Arctic flights last Summer fell o far short of hopes and prognosti- cations, the general public thought the failure was decisive, at least for the present. They put most of the blame on the terrible Arctic and the rest on th vet inadequate air- plane. Opinion of Leaders. o far as the papers enlightened us, this opinion was that of the lead- ers themselves. Both were quoted as giving reaso though different, for being dissatisfied with airplanes for Arctic work. The press quoted Amundsen in effect as saving that the airplane. had not evolved far enough to be practical, but that the dirigible had. They quoted MacMil- lan as saying that “the sledge dog is still king of the Arctic.” So far as events have given us more light, it seems that both were probably rightly quoted. For Amund- sen and Ellsworth have announced they are going to cruss the Arctic from Spitsbergen to Alaska by air- ship in 1926, while MacMillan at least has not yet annouhced any intention to try the -airplane again. But it i9 significant that Comdr. | Byrd, who did the actual fiving for MacMillan, has not been quoted in any emphatic condemnation of airplanes in general, and doubly sig- | nificant that it fs rumored he | been trying to secure backing i | new 19; Si more vally crystallizir | dents of the Arctic, who | ing or even ne | lished results o | MacMillan. We exac | we were a vear except th most students believed has now confirmed, in 1 Arctic flight in nificant Short Cut for Commerce. The problem of chanzing the A tic from & barrier to @ highway be- tween the con ents impe ant, for the densely populated countri of the world le in a circle around It, and the shortest distance between many commercial ce lies acre 1 < important will no more wshing plane M st the The prot flures of last keap airmen « the first death kept afrmen out of 1 will favor the airship as airplane. Tor commercial tie fiving 1 could not well say wise, for T put myself on re that’ effect in a book publi 1922, and nothing that was ur ed_has developed since then. But the airplane will have its place even in transarctic commerce, and it looks now if it. and not the dlrigible, wold win the distinction being first across. For there are least three alrplane expeditions defl- nitely planned, and one of them, the Detrolt Arctic expedition, commanid ed by Capt. George H. Wilkins, h s takeoff set for Point Barrow about March 20. a month @ ahead of the Amundsen-Ellswor schedule. | 1f they shoula because their task | than that of Alcoc they flew the Atlantic, hut only be cause their luck was not so g | And if they do fail one of the other contenders. with airplane or airship, must succeed not lonx thereafter (Copyright, 1925.) smuner the in o« N fail it will not b as more difficulg and Brown u!»-l TEAR GAS NOW USED BY POLICE IN CHECKING CRIME AND RIOT BY DR. ELLWO0OOD HENDRICK, Famous Authority and Writer on Chemistrs. In some districts of New York City many of the taxpayers put off their payments until the last minute and then rush to the collector's office with the cash in their pockets. This pro- vides a ripe harvest for the ublquitous highwayman. So Comptroller Craig made provision for them by providing a tear-gas reception at those points where the pickings are richest. And city piessengers who carry large sums of money through the streets in bags or satchels or boxes have been 80 pro- tected that as soon as the would-be thief seizes what he belleves to be his hooty he gets his dose and immediate- Iy he doesn't know where to go be- cause he can't see at all. Even tem- porarily blind robbers are at a distinct disadvantage. - The system works well Other organizations that are threat- ened: by that class of desperate, dope- | filled criminals that are the spawn of the great war and of whatever condl tions that beget them are beginning to avail themselves of similar protection. Many banks are already so equipped with tear-gas devices that as soon as & man utters or indicates a threat the gas Is released and the desire of his heart changes straightway from theft to escape. The use of tear or lachrymator gas in civil life is only beginning. Its ef- fect is very unpleasant and it makes the victim blind for the time being, but it does not permanently injure him in any way. Its effect lasts only from half an hour to a ds At ordi- nary temperatures it is a liquid which, if sprayed or suddenly released, vola tilizes immediately. It causes the tear glands to work overtime, 1o work as they have never worked hefore, and irritates the evelids t enough to any kind of obser m out of anestion. 3y this means a robber or burglar is i ged, but not killed or maimed wants to stand trial for ki this be done in self-de- fense. But to put hold-up men—ot women—out of action and then hand them over uninjured to the proper au- thorities is good sport and almost anybody would be willing to try his hand at it. Riots occur when persons have dif- ferences of opinjon and those who hold to opposing sides of the argi ment follow emotion instead of reaso. Riots are useless and unprofitable except to pickpockets—and it is the buslness of the authorities of the peace to quell them. It is not a kil ing offense to be d ed orto hold an unpopular opinion. The police hate to shoot into a crowd. But tear gas will quell any riot and make the lead ers and participants in disorder easy to_catch. Tear gas is a weapon of chemical warfare and many well meaning per- sons urge all governments to promise to prohibit all use of chemical warfare to thelr armies. Tear gas does not crack skulls or rend flesh or kil or maim or wound. It merely puts the enemy out of business for at most 24 hours. In the Great War, If we in clude “mustard” and all the poison gases, the mortality among those in- jured was not over 3 per cent. Of those wounded Ly shrapnel, shells bullets and all the agencies of called “legitimate warfare” the moi- tality was 27 per cent. Maybe some day we shall have hetfer sense. (Copyrizht, 192 at at