Evening Star Newspaper, October 6, 1925, Page 5

" BAKERY MERGER FAGES U. 5. PROBE Department of Justice Acts. Federal Trade Commission Charges Are Bared. The Department of Justice will in anire the huge baking merger projected in New York to deter- mine whether there has heen any lation of the Sherman anti-trust it was revealed today. The fact that the c would not necessarily mean that they have violated the law, it was pointe bt should there he anything in into mst vin law, mpanies merged ot the the Continental Baking the Corby Raking Co. Rrothers Baking Co. and the Ameri- can Baking Co. in contravention of the Sherman act the Department of Justice wants to know. So far as known today at the department. the companies had not complied with the invitation of Attorney General Sar- gent to lay their plan on the tahle voluntarily in order that informally nd in cooperation the prospective associates and the Governmeni might £0 over the plan and see if the law was obeyed before further steps were taken, Decision tion vapers tor Corporatiol the Ward to call for the incorpora and to look into the mat was made late vesterday Clayton Act Charge Filed. Plans for the huze hakinz merger which is to include the Rakinz Corporation have heen brought 1o compietion just announced in ew York. in the face of charzes of o of the Clayten act filed et that company hy the Federal Trade Commission nearly <ix months ago Annanncement of the me has hronght to Heht that 4 complaint charging violation of the act was <erved by the commission on the Con tinental Corporation April 13 and has emphasized ancw the split in the com mission aver its new rule of secrecy issuine complaints, Acquisition of control in a number of smaller con cerne was cited the hasis of the eomplaint. A copy of the complaint made public hy two members of the commission. Huston Thompson and Jdohn Nugent, who opposed adop: tion of the rule that complaints be kept secret uniil the respondents have zer plans has been filed answer and who once hefore have | deliberately disrezarded its provisions Hope to Block Merger. The 1wo commissioners said they eonsidered their action advisable. in view of the announcement of com pleted plans for the $400.000.000 merger of the Continental Corpora- tion with the Ward and General Rak- ing Corporations. They maintained that the commis sion had disregarded rthe spirit of the Clayton act. under which authority its complaints are issued, by not making the complaint public when it was served. and had directly disregarded requirements in not calling for a reply within 30 days Had such a course been followed they said, the resulting ‘“publicity would in all probability have had the effect of haltinz the combination of the respondent with other zreat bak corporations” until the legality of such a merger could have heen de- rtermined by proper testimon: As it is, thev said, the Continental orporation has not yvet filed formal angwer to the complaint. which ~harges that the result of its acauisi tion of the T'nited Bakerfes Corpora- tion. the Ward Broe. Baking Co. the American Bakery Cn. and others has heen “‘to substantially lassen com petition” between them and to “tend to create’” a monopoly. Resignations Demanded. Announcement of the new merger plans has brought a demand upon President Coolidge by the People's Legiclative Service for the resignation mbers of the Federal Trade Com- who, it was charged. had “hy neglect of duty" permitted them te go forward. Basil M. Manly. director of the leg- tslative service. which was organized the La Follette group in Con- sress. declared in a letter to the President that the merger. by em- hracing 157 huge bakeries would en- able them to control bread prices in every large citv in the count letter recalled a previous protest to the commission for its failure to act an the Senate resolution for an in- vestigation of hread prices In the copy of the complaint fur nished by Commissioners Nugent and Thompson. the record of the Continental Co.. in purchasing among athers the United Rakeries Corpora- tion, the Corhy Raking Co., the Ward Rros. Baking Co. and the American Raking Co. was recited. The result, it alleged, had heen “to substantially lassen competition hetween such corporations™: 1n “restrain competi- 1ion in bread. hiscnit, erackers, cakes nd other food products.” and to ‘tend o create in the Continental Raking Co. 4 monopoly in ecom- merce.” This was all described as constituting violation of the Clayton anti-trust law. and the company was summoned 1o make answer. ‘Under the new rules instituted by the majority of the commission, Commissioners Van Fleet. Hunt and Humphrey. no publicity is given to a complaint until the answer of the respondent is filed." the minority statement said. Failed to File Answer. The Clayton act, which gives the commission jurisdiction in cases of this kind. requires the answer of the The | | the rank President Coolidge s address, de- livered today hefore the convention of the Amer Nebr., was as follows: American Legion: 1 is a high privilege to sit member of this convention. who exercise it have heen raised to of a frue nobility. It is as a |2 mark of personal merit which did ' 4 for o common country articles of incorporation invelving | P! i 1 tin Continental | | means destruction. { vouth | it i tion and humanity. respondent to he filed within 30 day after the service of the complaint The records show that the respondent | was served April 13. 192 it should ha later than Ma 13. Instead of answering. the re spondent asked for an informal hear Ing hefore subordinate hody of the commiscsion known as the Roard of Review and for a delay in filing their answer. Their request was ranted over the dissent of Commis- =i Nuzent and Thompson. Ap proximately six months has passed and nn answer has vet heen filed In the meantime the respondent has been goinz ahead with its plans 4 ser forth in the complaint, and it has heen reported since the is- suance of the complaint that more companies and plants have heen taken over by the respondent. The minority members point out that this case shows the utter futility an~d nanger of the new rule requiring recrecy until an answer has been filed. ¢ * * s with the complaint on and under the statute filed an answer not Sees Public Menaced. “In the eresent case the making public of tHa complaint in April, 1925, would have informed the public of the steps that were being taken to. ward a hugze bread combination by the respondent; such publicity would In all probability have had the effect of halting the combination of the re. spondent with other great baking rombinations, as reported in the press of October 5, unti] the legality of such a merger could have heen determined by the taking of testimony of wit- nesses under oath. = The air mail between Kantara, Exypt, and Karachi, India, will cut the delivery time of letters hetwesen not come by right of birth but by rizht of conquest. No one can question vour title as patriors. No one can ever doubt the place of affe tion snd honor which vou hold for- evermore in the heart of the Nation Your right he here resulis from what vou dared and whai vou dia and the sacrifices which you made T is all & story American enter ise and American valol The magnitude of the service which vou rendered to your country and to humanity is heyond estimation. Sharp outlines here and there we know. but the whole account of the World War would be on a scule so stupen- dous that it could never be recorded In the victory which was gained by you and vour foreign com rades vou represenied on the battle- field the united efforts of owr whole people of a great vesursence of American spirit, which ma ted itsell in @ thousand ways—by the pouring out of vast sums of money in credits and charities, by the organi- ation and quickeninz of every hand our »dad industries. by the expansion of agriculture until it met the demaunds of famishing continents, by the manufaciure of an unending stream of munitiens and supplies, by The crearion of vast fleers of war and iransport <hips. and. finally. when the tide of hattle was turning against our associates, bringing into action a great armed f o wew and land of a character that the warld had never seen hefare. which when it finally took its place in the line. never ceased 1o advance, carrving the cause of liherty 10 a trinmphant conclusion You reafMrmed the position of thic Nation in the estimation of mankind You saved eivilization from a gigantic reverse. Nobody sars now that Americans ean net fizht glorious . the old Free From Hatreds. Our people were influenced hy many motives to undertake to carry on this gigantie conflict, but we went in and came out singularly free from those questionahle causes and re- sults which have often characterized other wars. We were not moved by the age-old ntagonisms of racial jealousies and batreds. We wers not seeking to gratify the ambitions of any reigning dynasty We were not inspired by trade and commercial rivelries. We harbored no imperialistic desizns. We feared no other country. We coveted no terri- tory. But the time came when we were compelled to defend our own property and protect %the rights and lives of our own citizens. We be. lieved. moreover. that those tions which we cherish ‘with a su preme affection. and which le at the foundation of our whole schems of [ human relationship. the right of free. dom. of equality. of self-zovernment, were all in jeopardy We thought the question was involved of whether the people of the earth were to rule or whether thev were to be ruled. We thought that we were helping to de- termine whether the principle of despotism or the principlé of liberty chould he the prevailing standard among the nations. Then. ton. our country all came under the influence of a great wave of idealism. The crusading spirit was aroused. The cause of civilization. the cause of humanity. made a compelling appeal. Nn doubt there were other motives, but these appear 1o me the chief causes which drew America into the World War. Material Gains Impossible. In a conflict which engazed all the major nations of the earth and lasted for a period exceeding four years there could be mo expectation of ma- | War in its very essence Never batore were contending peoples so well equipped with every kind of calculated 1 spread desolation on land and over the face of the deep. Our country is only but now righting ft- terial gains. self and beginninz a moderate but| steady recovery from the great econ omic loss which it sustained. That tremendous debt must be liquidated through the lahorious toil of our peo- ple. Modern warfare becomes more and more to mean utter loss. destruc- tian. and desolation of the hest that there is of anv people. its valiant and it accumulated treasure. If our contr: secured any benefit, if met with any gain, it must have been in moral and spiritual values Tt must be not because ir made its fortune but because it found fts soul. Others may disagree with me. but in spite of some incidental and trifiing difficulties it 1s my firm opinion that America has come out of the war with A stronger determination to live by the rule of righteousness and pursue the course of truth and justice in hoth our domestic and foreign rela- tions. No one can deny that we have { protected the rights of our citizens laid a firmer foundation for our in stitutions of liberty, and made our contribution to the cause of civiliza- Tn doing all this we found that. though of many differ- ent nationalities. our people had a spiritual bond. They were all Amer- icans. Firmer Moral Foundation. WWhen we look over the rest of the world, in spite of all its devastation there is encouragement to helieve it is on a firmer moral foundation than it was in 1914. Much of the old despotism has been swept away. While some of it comes creeping back disguised under new names, no one can doubt that the general admission of the right : of the people to self-government has made tremendous progress in nearly every quarter of the globe. In spite | of the staggering losses and the griev- ! cure. | cannot : pendents. India and England five days. ous burden of taxatlon. there is a ! new note of hope for the individual | 10 he more secure in his rights, which is unmistakably clearer than ever be fore. With all the troubles that beset the Old World, the former cloud of tear is evidentlv not now so appalling. Tt is impossibie to helieve that any nation now feels that it could better itself by war. and it is apparent to me that there has heen a very distinct advance in the policy of peaceful and onorable adjustment of international differences War has become less probable: peace has become more se- The price which has been paid to bring about this new condition is utterly bevond comprehension. We see why it should not have come in orderly and peaceful methods without the attendant shock of fire and sword and carnage. We only know that it is hgre. We believe that on the ruins of the old order a better civilization is being constructed. We had our domestic problems which resulted from the war. The chief of these was the care and relief ! of the affiicted veterans and their de- This was a_tremendous task, on which about $3,000,000,000 has already been expended. No doubt there have been cases where the un- worthy have secured aid, while the worthy have gone unrelieved. Some mistakes were inevitable, but our people and our Government have at all times been especially solicitous to discharge most faithfuily this prime obligation. What is now being done is related to vou in detail by Gen. Hines of the Veterans' Bureau. a public official of d s0 that T e ell upon it. 1 Dur- Those ever | finally | You were there as the result | institu- | infernal engine | onstrated merit, | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6. 1925. Full Text of President’s Speech Before American Legion Meeting | ing the past | guished and ‘eMcient vear, under the distin leadership of can Legion, at Omaha,|Comdr. Drain, the Legion itself has]we mu: undertaken to provide an endowment chavitable requirements of their com rades. The response to this appeal has heen most generous. and the re sults appear most promising. The Government can do much, but it can never supply the personai reiacionship that comes from the ministrations of a private charity of that kind. Inflated Condition. The next most pressing problem was the hetter orderinz of the finances of the Nation. Our f;overnment was cost {ing almost more than ft was worth. 11 had meve people on the pay roll than were necessarv, all of which made expenses ton much and taxes too high. This inflated condition con tributed to the depression which he- | gan in 1920. But the Government ex- penditures have heen almost cut in iwo, taxes have bheen twice reduced and’ the incoming Congress will pro- vide further reductions. Defation has run its course, and an era of husiness activity and_seneval prosperity. ex- ceeding anything ever before cxperi- enced in this country and fairly well | distributed ameng 41l our people, is | already at hand. 1" our country has a larger Army and |a more powerful Navi. costing an | nually almost twice as rauch as it ever | before had in time of peace. 1 am a | thorough believer in « policy of ade- quate military nreparation. We are constanily working to perfect our de- fenses in every branch. land forces. air forces. surface and suhmarine forces. That work will continue. Our military establishment of the Army |and Navy. the National Guard and | the Reserve Carps ic far superior fo anything we have ever maintained he. fore. except in time of war. In the past six vears we have expended ahnut 4,000,000.000 for this purpase. That ought 160 show resulte. and those who have correct information know that it does show results. The country can vesi \assured that if secu lies in military force it was naver so secure before in all its history Opposes Competitive Armament. We have been attempting tn relieve ourselves and the other the old theory of competitive arma ments. In spite of all the arguments in favor of great military forces, no nation ever had an.army large enough to guarantee it against attack in time of peace to insure its victory in time of w: No nation ever in Peace and security are more likely 1o {result from fair and honorahle deal- ings. and mutual agreements for a limitation of armaments among na tlons, than by any attempt ar competi- tion in squadrons and hattalions. No doubt this country could. if it wished to spend more money. make a hetter military force, but that is only part of the problem which confronts our Gov |ernment. The real question is whether spending more monev to make a het ter military far would reallv make a better countrr. I would be rthe last 1o disparage the military art. It is an honorable and patriotic calling of the highest rank. But T can see no merit in any unnecessary expenditure of | money to hire men to build fleets and {carry muskets when international re {lations and agreements permit the ‘lurv ng of such resources into the | making of good roads. the building of [ hetter homes. the promotion of educa tion and all the other arts of peace which minister tg the advancement of human welfave. *Happily, the position | of our country is such among the other natione of the world that we {have been and shall be warranted in proceeding in this direction. Insisted on Economy. While it ia true that we are paying | our far more moner and maintaining | {2 much stronger military ment than ever hefore. hecause of the conditions stated. we have been able 10 pursue a moderate course. Our peo. ple have had all the war, all the taxa tion and all the military service that thev want, They have therefore wish ed 1o emphasize their attachment to our ancient policy of peace. They have insisted upon economy. They have establizh | of armaments. They have been able to i do this because of their position and | their strength in numbers and in re Source: We have a tremendous nat- | ural power which supplements our jarms. We are conscious that no other in feopardy. It is our purpose in our intercourse with foreign powers to rely not on the strength of our fleets and our armies. but on the justice of our cause. For these reasons our country has not wished to maintain | huge military forces. Tt has been con | vinced that it could better serve iiself { and better serve humanity hy using | it resources for other purpos | In dealing with our milita proh. | 1ems there is one principle that is ex. | institutions | | ceedingly important. Our are founded not on military but on eivil anthority. We are irre | vocably committed ta the theory of a | Rovernment L the people. We have | our constitutions and our laws, our | executives. our legiglatures and our irnurl but nitimately we are govern- | ed by public opinion. Our forefathers had seen <0 much of militarism and | suffered =0 much from it that theyv de- sired to banish it forever. They be. | lleved and declared in at least one of their State constitutions that the mili tary power should he subordinate tn and governed by the civil authority. It is for this reason that any organi Ezavlnn of men in the military service nower. th2 purpos of forcing Government action through the pressure of public opinion is an exceedingly dangerous undertaking and precedent. This is | o whatever form it might take | whether it be for the purpese of infilu. encing the executive, the legislature or the heads of departments. It is for the clvil authority to determine what anpropriations shall be granted. what appointments <hall be made and what rules shall be adopted for the conduct & arme orces, V] Ve military power sta never ithe civil authority. adopted. tha | Aare hezinning | fense should at ed. bt anv resisted. Mobilization of Resoure. TUndouhtedlr one of portant provisions in the pre 1t for national defanse is 5 mromer nen sound selective service act, Such a law ought 1o gzive autherit for a very broad mobilization of al] the re. sources of the country, av\ld ml|lerlnl', culties in the application of the prin. ciple, for it is the pavment of a higher price that stimulates an increased pro d\!\‘ on, but whenever it can be done \n[_hnur economic dislocation. such limits ought o be established in time of war as would prevent, so far as possible, all kinds of profiteering, There is little defense which can be made of a system which puts some men in the ranks on very small pay and leaves others undisturbed to reap very large profits. Even the income tax, which recaptured for the benefit of the National Treasur: . | by whatgoever means iherties of the country 1o end. National de a1l times ba support form of militarism shonld the most im | 8overnments took part of the remain- der, is not a complete answer. The laying of taxes is, of course, in itself a conscription of whatever i neces- i sary of the wealth of the country for national defense, but taxation does not meet the full requirements of the sit uation. In the advent of war, pow should be lodged somewhere for the stabilization of prices as far as that might be possible in justice to the country and 'z defander But it will alwace he narmoai: ice and possihle to u war. It is al nations from | supported the principie of limitation | nation harbors any design to put us! bent on inflaming the public mind for | ris dictating to the | hoth persons | T can see some diff. | o alone about ! 75 per cent of such profits, while local | Nass esaibls 16 prichasa uniaslils i 1hh pocke s Swet. Woi) t with money, but patriotism cannot be purchased. Unless the people are willing to defend their country because of their belief in it, because of their affection for it, and because it is rep- resentative of their home, their coun- try cannot he defended. If we are | looking for a more complete reign of | | justice, a more complete supremacy of {law. a more complete social harmon seek it in the paths of pea in these directions under the Progres Mr. Commander and members of the | fund of $5.000.000 tn minisier 1o the present order of the world is not like Iy to be made except during a state of { domestic and international tranquility One of the great questions before the is how to promote such The economic problems of society are important. On the whole, we are meeting them fairly well, They are s0 personal and so pressing that they never fail 1o receive constant atten tion. But they are only a part. We need 1o put a proper emphasis on the other problems of society. Ve need J 1o consider what attitude of the pub lic mind it is necessary to cultivate in order that a mixed population like our own may dwell together more har- moniously and the family of nations reach a better state of unde You who have been in know how absolutely necessary it in_a military organization that the individual subordinate some part of his personality for the zeneral good is the one great lesson which results from the training of a soldier. Whoever has been taught that lesson in camp and field is thereafter the better equipped to appreciate that it equally applicable in other depart- ments of lite. 1t is necessary in the home. in industry and commerce. in sclentific and intellectual develop- ment. At the foundation of ever: stronz and marture character we find this trait which is hest described as [ being subject to discipline. The es. sence of it is toleration. It is tolera- tion in the broadest and most in- clusive se. 4 liberality of mind. which gives 1o the apinions and juds ments of others the same zenerou- consideration that it asks for its oun and which is meved hy the spirit of the philosapher whe declired that To know all is to forgive all.” [t may not he given to finite heings to attain that ideal. but it i< none the lesz one toward which we should strive. the service Need of Tolerance, One of the most natural of reactions during the war was intolerance. But the inevitable disregard for the opin jons and feelings of minorities is none the less a disturbing product of war psychology. The slow and difficult ad vances which tolerance and liheralism have made through lonz periods of development are dissipated almost in a night whef the necessary war-time habits of thought hold the minds of he people. The necessity for a com mon purpose and a united intellectual front becomes paramount to every thing else. But when the need for such a solidarity is past there should be a quick and zenerous readiness 1o revert to the old «nd normal habits of thought. There should be an intel lectual demobilization as well ax a military demobilization Progress depends very larzel: on the encouragement of variery. What ever tends to standardize the commu of thought, tende 1n fozsilize society If we all helieved the same thing and thought the same thoughts and ap plied the same valuations to all the nccurrences about us. we should reach a state of eauilibrium osely akin to an fntellectual and spiritual paralysis. 1t {s the ferment of ideas, the clash of disagreeing judgments. the privi lege of the individual to develop his own thoughts and shape his own char- acter. that makes prozress 1t i= ot possible to learn much from those who uniformlv azree with us Rut many useful things are learned from those who disazree with us: and aven when we can gain nothinz our differences are likely to do us no harm. In this perind af after-war suspicion and intolerance our own sonntry has not heen exempt from unfortunate experiences. Thanke to our comparative feolation. we have inown less of the international fric. tions and rivalries than some other countries less fortunately situated But ameng somie of the varving racial eligious and sacial groups of our 1 Dle there have heen manifestations of an intolerance of opinion. a narrow ness of outlook. a fixity of judgment. against which we may well be warn. ied. It is not easy to conceive of any ‘hing that would he more unfortunate in a communit:- hased upnn the ideals of which Americans boast than am considerable devalonment of intoler ance as regards veligion axtent this country owes fts begin- nings 10 the determination of ov hardy ancestors to mainiain complete treedom in relizion. Instead of a state ‘hurch we have decreed that ever: tizen shall he free to follow the dir tates of hic awn canscience as to his religious heliefs and aflfations. Under hat guaranty we hav i tem which certainiy is justified by its fruits. Under no nther could we have dared to invite the pennles of all coun tries and creeds 1o come here and nunite with ne in creating the which we are all citizens rvigidity. Co-Operation Needed. Fnt havinz invitea tnem hers, hav {ing accepted their great and varied ~ontributions to the huildinz of the Nation, it s for us to maintain in all zood faith those Ifheral institutions and traditfons which have heen so | productive of zood. The bringinz to. sether of all these different national. racial. religious and cultural elements has made our country a kind of com nosite of the rest of the world, and we can render no greater service than by demonstrating the possibility of harmonious co-operation among &0 many various groups. Every one of them has something characteristic and significant of great value to cast into the common fund of our material, intellectual and spiritual resources. The war brought a great test of our experiment in amalgamating _these varied factors into a real Nation, with the ideal: united people. None was excepted from the obligation to serve when the aour of danger struck. The event proved that our theory had heen sound. On a solid foundation of na tional unity there had hesn erected |2 superstructure which in ite varied parts had offered full opportunity te develon ail the range of talents and genius that had gone into its makine. Well-nizh all the races, religions. nationalities of the world were repre- sented in the armed forces of this Nation. as they were in the body of sur poputation. No man’s patriotism was impunged or service questioned ecause of his racial origin. his politi- -al opinion. or hie religious convic tions. Tmmigrants and sone of im- migrants trom the ¢entral Furopean countrie= fought side by side with those who scended from the coun- tries which were our allies: with the =ons_of equatorial Africa, and with the Red men of our own aboriginal population, all of them equally proud of the name Americans. We must nat, in times of peace, permit ourselves to lose any part from this structure of patriotic unity. T make no plea for leniency toward those who are criminal or vicious, are open enemies of society and are not prepared 10 accept the true standards of our citizenship: By tolerance I do not mean indifference to evil. T mean respect for different kinds of &ood. Whether one traces his Ameri- canism back three centuries to the Mayflower. or three yvears to the steerage. 1 not half so important as whether his Americanism of today is real and genuine. No matter by what various crafts we came here. we are all now in the same hoat. You men constituted the crew of our “Ship of durirg her passage through st wa'ere. You made up eid the donger posts tanding. | i | nity. 1o establish fixed and rigid modes | possihle. | To a great | erected o sys. | and aspirations of a | il brought her safely and triumphantly into port. Out of that experience you have learned the lessons of discipline, tolerance, respect for authority and regard for the basic manhood of vour neighbor. You bore aloft a standard of petriotic conduct and civic integ- rity, to which all could repair. Such a standard, with a like common ap- peal, must he upheld fust as firmly and unitedly now in time of peace. Among citizens honestly the maintenance of that standard, there need bhe small concern about differences of individual opinion in other regards. Granting first the es- sentials of loyalty to our country and to our fundamental institutions, we mav not only overlook. but we may encourage differences of opinion as to other things. For differences of this kind will certainly he elements of strenzth rather than of weaknes; They will give variety fo our tastes 1nd interests. They will broaden our vision encourage the true humanities, and anrich our whole mode and conception of life. | recognize the full and com- plete necessity of 100 per cent Ameri- canism. hut 100 per cent Americanism mayv bhe made up of many elements. It we are (o have that harmony and tranquility. thar union of spirit which 18 the foundation of real na- tional genius and national progress, we must all realize that there are trie Americans who did not happen to be torn in our section of the country. who do not attend our place of religious worship. who are not of our racial stock, or who are not proficient in our language. [If we are to create on this continent a free republic and an en- lightened eivilization that will be capable of reflecting the“true great- ness and glory of mankind. it will be necessary to regard these differences as accidental and unessential. We shall have to look heyond the outward manifestations of race and creed Divine Providence has not hesiowed upon anv race a monopoly of pa triotism and character. Making Ameriea First. 'he same principle that jt i neces o apply to the attitude of mind amang our own people it is alzo neces sary 1o apply fa the atritude of mind among the different nations. During the war we were required not onlv 1n put a sirong samphasis on ever: thing that appealed to our own na tional pride. but an equally emphasis on rhat which tended to dis parage other peoples. There was an intensive cultivation of animosities and hatreds and enmitie-. -ogether with a blind appeal 1o force. that took possession of substantially all the peoples of the earth. Of course. these ministered 1o the war spirit. Thev gupplied the incentive for ds. struction. the motive for conquest But in time of peace these sentiments are not helps but hindrances: they are not constructive. The zenerally ex | pressed desire of “America first’ can not be critleized. It is a perfectiy correct aspiration for our peopls 1n { cherish. ~ Rut the problem which we have to solve is how 10 make Amer ica firet. 11 eannot he done by the cultivarion of national bigotry. arro gance or selfishness. Hatreds, feal {oustes and suspicions will not be pro ductive of any henefits in this direc tion. Here azain we must apply the rnle of toleration. Because there are other peoples whose Wwave are not our ware. and whose thoughts are not our thoughts, we are not warranted in drawing the conclusion that they a adding nothing 1o the sum of civiliza tien. We can make litile contribution to the welfare of humanity on the theory that we are a superior people and all others are zn inferior people We do not need 1o he oo loud in the assertion of our own righteousness Tt is true that we live under most favorable circumstances. But before we come to the final and lirravocahle dactsion that we are hei- ter than evervhndv else we need to consider what we might do if had their provocations and their difficulties. We are not likely to im- prove aur own condition or help humanity very much until we coma to the svmpathetic understanding that hunan nature is ahout the same evervwhers, that it is rather evenly diciributed over the surface of the earth, and that we are all united in a common brotherhood. We can only make America first in the true sense that means hy cultivatitng a spirit of friendship and gond will, hy the exercise of the virtues of patience and forbearance, by henig “plenteous in merey.” and through progress at {home and helpfulness ahroad stand ing ax an example of real service to humanity Thoughts of Construction. 1t i= for these reasons that it seems clear that the eults of the war will Inst. and we shall only be entering 2 verind of preparation for [another conflict. unless we can de- mobiltize the racial antaconisme, fears., hatreds =«nd suspicions. and create an attitude of toleration in the public mind of carth. If our country is to have an: position of leadership. 1 trust it may he in that direction. and 1 helieve that the place where it <hould hegin is at home. Let ns cast off our hatreds. Let us candidly accept our treaties and our natural oblizations of peace. We know and every one knows that ‘hese 01a systems. antagonisms. and reliance on force have failed. If the world has made anv progress. it has i the resuly of the development of other ideals. If we are to main- tain and perfect anr own civilization, if we are to he of any henefit to the rest of mankind. we must turn aside from the tnoughts of destruction and cultivate the thouzhts of construc- tion. We can not place our main re- liance upon material forces. We must reaffirm and reinforce our ancient faith in truth and justice, in charita- bleness and tolerance. We must make our supreme commitment to the ever- lasting spiritual forces of life. We must mobilize the conscience of man- kind. Your gatherings are a living testi- mony of a determination te support these principles. Tt would be impo: sible to come into this presence, which is 4 symbol of more than 300 vears of our advancing civilization, which represents to such a degree the hope of our consecrated living and the pravers of our hallowed dead. without “a firmer conviction of the try to live In accordance with th vision. There have been and will be lapses and discouragement, surface storms and disturbances. lows will murmur. but the deep fa still. We shall he made aware of the hoisterous and turbulent forces of evil about us seeking the things which are temporal. But we shall also he made aware of the still smail voice arising from the fireside of every de- voted home in the land seeking the things which are eternal. To such a country, 1o such a cause the Ameri- can Legion has dedicated itself. Upon this rock you stand for the service of humanity. Against it no power can prevail. | City Heads Decline to Change Ana- lostan Island. The name of Analostan lsland, in the upper Potomac, will net be changed to George Mason lIsland, as suggested to the Commissioners by officlals of the Washington.Gas Light Co., which owns the land. Following a board meeting today, the ecity heads announced they pre- ferred to retain the name Analostan, which was derived from a tribe of Indians which inhabited nearby Vir- inja. It is more customary through- out the T'nited States, they sald, to retain old Indian names. devoted to | strengthen our understanding. | various stronz , the peoples of the: deep and abiding purpose of our coun- ! The shal- | ATHENS IS PLACED UNDER ARMY LAW in Pangalos Issues Edict Order to Enable Censor- ship of Newspapers. Br the Associatad Press. LONDON, October & (#). . Special Idispatches from Athens say that the [Greek government has proclaimed martial law. A dispatch 10 the Daily Telegraph quotes Premier Pangalos as saving that the purpoze is to establish a cen sormhip s0 as to prevent political lead ers from using the newspapers to dis turh public opinion. ATHENS. Octoher 6 (). The trial of former Premier Papanastasion, set for today. ham been canceled. No ex- planation is given An Athens dispatch on Saturday said M. Papanastasion would he brought to trial in conection with his uance of a proclamation to the Greek Natlon making serious charges of had faith against the government of Premier Pangalos. Special dispatches through London and Paris today sald Premier Panga los had proclaimed a stat throughout the country. e e PACTS, NOT ARMIES. WILL BRING PEACE, (Continned from First Page) of the American Tegion, whose wife had rome from Washington on the nresidential train: Gov. McMullen of Nehraska, Mavor Dahlman of Omaha and a score of prominent citizens and legion officials. Hundreds of for mer service men jammed the train passed they broke into cheers From the station Mr. and Mr Coolidge were taken to the home of Walter Head. Omaha hanker. who at ican Bankers' Association. for a rest hefore going to the canvention aundi torium. Although they had hesn aboard train nearly 40 hours, appeared fatigued. Thex acknowiedgment 1o chee: thusiasm at being in the midst of a patriotic demonstration apparently | undiminished by the nasty weather. Trip First of Its Kind. In coming 10 Omaha 1o 2ddress the legion from Washington than at any time since entering the White House and through sections of the country he had not visited as Chief E He is the first President 1o honor the American Legion with his pres. | ence at 1t annual convention. al though as Vice President he attended the Kansas City gatherinz several vears azo. Tn_addition tn delivering his <peech the President before leaving i day for Washington planned to at {tend a luncheon at the Omaha Club, | tendered him by prominent citizens and leglon officials. and to review he afternoon parade of American | Legion members. Arrangements | been made for him to ride at head of the procession as far as the reviewing stand. Five thousand men {packed into the Omaha listened o speeches hv Commission er of Education John .. Tigert and George L. Berry. representing the | American” Federation of Labor. as thev awaitad President Coolidge's ar rival A detachment from the 1ith In fantry at Fort Crock formed an ave nue into the hall for the President {and Mre. Coolidge, who were given an lavation by the crowd standing nut <miled their en- and women side in the rain as their automobhile, | [ with top down, despite the weather. { approached the entrance. |""The Precident entered the han 10 minutes hefore he was scheduled tn | «peak. With the band plaving “'Hail {in the Chief” he was creeted with rounds of cheers. Mr. and Mre. Cool- idge posed for pictures. then Comdr. ! Drain began a speech of introduction. | There was another wild outburst of cheering and noise makinz as the President began speakinz. Photographers begged Mre. (ool idwe to come to the front of the plat form and when she did she 100, was { ziven an ovation equal to that ac corded the President. While the Leglon outwardly gave {all ite attention to the President and the parade, lttle groups of serious men continued grappling with serious problems confronting the con- vention. They trying to bring order and a fixed rou iine for presentation to the meeting from the great mass of suggestions rovering numerous suhjects which found ready sprnsors. Should the four chief subjects for conversation on all sides be advanced tn consideration by the convention. the 1925 meeting probably would take rank as the most ‘mportant since the legionnaires laid down their arms and returned to civilian life None would confirm a firm intention to take any subject further than com mittees or subcommittees, but lobby and street arguments dealt chieflv with whether the legion as a hody should declare an attitude toward Col Willlam Mitchell and his status brought about by his attacks on con- i | hibition: whether ~the convention ciples, abstention from organized par- ticipation in politics. and method of selection of the next national com- mander., That Philadelphia. Pa.. would zet the 1826 legion convention. to he held at the same time as its sesquicenten- nial celebration. seemed to be a tore gone conclusion. No other city was making a hard fight. and the general trend of opinion was that the conven tion next year should go East. ! The Mitchell matter seemed to have {taken the most definite form. A sub. committee of five of the aeronautics | day to thrash out the subject and re. | port to the whole committee. Meanwhile the visiting najres made merry. | night knew no night. The sun set. but strings of incandescents hlos- somed above downtown strests and the former warriors plaved like tru ant schoolboys. At midnight the old Army game. tnssing dice, bloomed in all its pris- tine war-time glory. All through the legion Omaha Jast their knees in little circles and prayed to the goddess of chance. Two games were in progress at the inter section of Sixteenth and Farnam streets, Omaha's central corner, and looking in any direction from that point other little groups were at it. Every now and then an automobile would come charging down the side- walks. Particularly was that true if e of the street groups playfully had demanded that the street traffic halt for the nonce FIND NO COAL SHORTAGE. NEW YORK, October § (#).—The anthracite coal situation in New York State has not reached a critical stage. and is not likely to do so as a result of the strike in the hard coal mines. the recently appointed New York State Coal Commissicn announced today in its first official statement. of siege | COOLIDGE ASSERTS| shed and station and as the President | one time was president of the Amer. | nefthey ! Mr. Coolidge traveled farther cutive, | jate to- | had | the Auditorium | the | were the committees | trol of Army and Navy flying: pro- | should abandon one of its first prin- | committee was appointed late vester. | downtown section the boyve fell on | Seeks Public Aid | To Catch Drivers Who ‘Hit and Run Traffic Director M. 0. Eldridze today appealed to everv resident of the District to co-opsrate with the police in apprehending motor- ists who flee from the scene of an accident. Every individual can be of as. sistance to the police in such cases, Mr. Eldridge said, by making every affort 1o observe the license num- ber if they see a car leaving the acene of a_collision The trafiic director said he was prompted to seek the aid of the public in this matter by the accl dent last night, in which a car knocked down a mother on H street northeast while she was crossing the street with two chi) dren, one in a baby carriage and the other at her side. The police. Mr. Eldridge said. are handicapped In these cases unless a ember of the force should be nearby at the time or nnless some byatander thinks to make note of the license number. Leaving the scene of an accident is made a serious offense in the new traffic law. Mr. Eldridge point- ed out, and heavy penalties are provided. | | WORLD DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE IS URGED, BY DELEGATES HERE (Continued from First Page.) of demilitarized zones hetween natione as a panacea for intsrnational con ficts. the conference nnanimousi: voted 1o devote its undivided attention In”flr". and tomorrow morning will continue consideration of the unfin Vished discussion of a customs agree |, ment between the European nations I whirh weuld eventually resnlt in the { aholition of customs frontiers. The { Washington sessione of the conference {will end at 12:30 o'clock tomorrow {and he resumed in Ottawa, where traf. | fic in dangerous drugs will he the | topic under discussion. Under this de { cision part of 1 will the next conference. Supports Zone Ideas. Wilhelm Sollmann. member of the erman Reichetag. vigorously sup ported the idea of the creation of de militarized zones between nations, b pointed out that in the case of th establichment of such a neutral ter ritory hetween France and German: the question of the residenca of an | impartial commission to have charge f policing in such a zone would need very careful consideration The hasic for this statement has heen provided by the German groun |at this conference.” Mr. Sellmann said, 1 do not mention this to claim spe’ cial merit for our group. but in orde to point out how hard the German i group endeavor to do away with th | atmosphere of suspicion. Some mili- | tary parties do not ascribe importance i 1o the demilitarized zones. To us. ‘}HP\PH}'N',‘S‘ it appears that the ex | periment to separate armies by a H er is a chance of renderin eak of war more difficult. Control of Zones. i are special difficulties pre cented in the control of these zones In the case of both parties the exist ing suspicion unfortunately. for the present. will render such a control un avoidable. There are serious objec tions, however, against placing perma nent’ control in the demilitarized areas which are supportad by the ex perience nf the last few vears. Not to raise anv compl but taking his torical facts as an ample. 1T point cut commissions in the Saar district the Rhineland commission in Coblenz and the enginesr commission which was sent to the Ruhr ‘Al such commissions tend fa or zanize a larae apparatus for their own protection ‘and for the carryinz throuzh of their regulations, he it of 2 military or a police character. All these commissions tend to extend thelr [ task and to curtail the civic rights of | the inhabitants. We consider perma nent control organizations unneces. sary. The characteristic features of <uch a zone no barracks, no préparations for mo hilization. Consequently. permanen: supervision {s not required Ready to Confer. A word ta the French and Belzian delezations: the Interparliamentary Union rearet ery much that France and Belgium did not take part in the commission | negotiatione in Luxembourg. From | this tribune T repeat the that we are at all times ready to , confer with the French and Belgians ahout mutual demilitarized zones. The history of the United States shows ne the aims of anr mutual work. nat 4 Burope fllad with arms and torn hy <uspici not 2 Burope of mili- arism and werialism, but a free and peaceful Europe of nations unired in one large state and union Andre Escoffier. member of the rench Chamher of Deputies. seemed tn answer this anpesl hy declaring that France alwars ready “to collahorate with persons whose pur- poses ave honest.” Thanking Gen Spears for his effo tahlishment of demilitarized zones M. Escoffier said that the French delezation would place the proposal hefore the Chamber of Deputies im- mediately upon its return to Pari and he assured the author of the resolution that the proposal would be | received with all the more enthusiasm Dbecause of the source whence it came. Disarming of Victors. Georges Lukes, member of | ment of Hungary and form r of public instruction. speaking in fayor of a world disarmament confer- jence. declared that disarmament of the i victorious countries in the World War should be effected just as definitely as has been done in the case of the de- | feated nations. His declaration ealled |from members of the German deleza [ tion salves of approval. ] Jan Zamorski. member of the Cham her of Deputies of Poland. added his | ountry’s approval world disarmament and peace, and in this {deal the delegates of every one of the nations represented expressed unanimeous approbation. Resolution 1< Adopted. Debate on the resolution of Gen Spears was limited to five minutes and as the clock reached the hour agreed upon as the time for a mandatory vote the poll was taken. The resolu tion was adopted unanimously with minor objections by Dr. Alfred Gilde- meister of Germany and Represent- ative John Philip Hill of Maryland. neither of which threatened the zafety of the resolution. Dr. Gildemeister, following out the statements of previous speakers in 11 German delegation. asked that an « ception be noted on that part of the resolution which would make the crea- tion of permanent commisslons neces }sary in the demilitarized zones. Mr. | 11l merely the first section which he thought might limit treaty-making powers of countries in its present verbiage. Under this resolution the union of- i ernments represented at its confer- ences {0 the henefits that have re- sulted from the establishment of the demilitarized zones elsewhere in the world, and places the interparliamen tary commitiee for the reduction of armament at the disposal of groups desirous of entering upon reciprocal negotiations with a view to the con- the original program | he referred tn rommittess until | t his morning 10 the auestion of World | children 1n Ca i the hould he no fortification, | We German members of | statement | to A program for | ir | inz. AUTO HITS MOTHER | Church road. « toward the es. | Mmissioners = 1] AND TWO CHILDREN Victims Left Lying in Street as Driver Speeds on His Way. A hit-and-run driver ploughed into a mother and two children, one a baby in a carriage, as they were crossing the street last night, then sped on, Ieaving his victims lying in the road- way, after a hurried look behind The victims were Mrs. Pearl L Ford, 26 years old, of 503 F street northeast; her daughter, Anna, 5. whom she was leading by the hand. and a 7 months’ old son Mrs. Ford suffered a fracture of the jaw and nose, in addition to cuts and bruises. The children received onlv superficial injuries. The only clue police were able tn obtain was that the driver, a young man, occupied a Ford car equipped with a French horn. The accident P}a]rp’o";d at Sixth and H streets ahout 5 o'clock. Hit on Turn. The victims were at the intersection when the car, going east on H street made 2 turn north on Sixth street and hit the:mn. The motder was thrown violently tn the pavement, as was the daughter while the baby in the carriage was hurled a distance of several feet he- fore the carriage overturned, catapult- ing him 1o the roadway Ellen street. Mrs. Capitnl Heady, 2601 North took the mother and alty Hospital in her car, Harry Ford. the husband and father. amaiting the return of his family, was at home when notified. He went the hospital and took them home Bus and Auto Collide. A bus of the Washington Rapid Transit Co.. driven by Furman Spire:. 120 U street. and the automobile of William C. Beall. 719 T street, were hadly damaged as a result of a col lision at Columbia road and Sherman avenue about 1 o'clock this morning The bus was on its wav to the barn and contalred no passenzers. suffering from an injured an cuts. was taken to Freedmen's pital X George Orvil. 63 vears old, $05 street southwest. walked against a reet car at Fourteenth and F streets esterday _and was shocked and, hruiged. He was given first aid-at. Emergency Hospital Cline Bonde, 6. 3618 Rock Creek " was cut and bruised vhen knocked down by the automn bils of Joseph Wilson. Bowle, Md.. at Princeton place and Rock _Creek Church read. Physicians at Garfield Hospital treated him. Boy 1s Struck. Henry T. GGerdes. Lebanon, Pa.. was the driver of an automobile that in jured James Pessagno. 8. 635 Eleventh street southeast. who, police reported. ran in front of the auto- mobile on Eleventh street near his nome vesterday afternoon. He was ziven first aid at Casualty Hospital and later taken to Children's Hospi 1 ¥ " 34, Hyvattsville. Md.. was serjously injured early to day when automobile hit the abutment of a concrete hridge near Bladensburg while he was on his wa; s city. He was treated at Cas nalty Hospital for severe bodyv fin jurfes. Physiciane said he probably will recover. Irving S. Fusfeld. 31 vears Gallaudet College instructor, residing at Clinton, Prince Georges Counts. Md.. driving at Eleventh and H streets mnortheast this morning, was uck by a street car. his auto over turning. The vehicle was only slightly damaged, police reported. Ita occupant sustained injuries to his ' He was given first aid at Cas- ¥ Hospital and was able to re port for duty thie afternoop jamin Payto treaties of providing for the such areas alons clusion of establishment their frontiers. Zone Along Border. Gen. Spears explained that his plan would call for establishment of a de militarized zone between France and Germany, in so far as it affected those countries. and the giving up by them of a strip of land along their com men horder for this purpose. The French land sion, he said, could not he as w as that contributed by Germany hecause of the proximity of Paric to_the bhorder. Simon Revnaud of the French group . described the Britich officer's plan as a most effective means of insuring against war. The =ecuritv question.” he said as grave as that of disarmament.” Dr. Alfrad Gildemeister, speaking for . the German members of the Interpar liamentary Union’s committee which- had studied the Spears proposal. ex pressed general approval of the plan. hut emphasizad the helief that it should state more clearly where the. vesidences of non-military zone com should be. His idea was- that the commissioners should not in all cases he stationed parmanently in the areas they controlled. He sug. gested that the rvesidence status of zone commissioners should he decided saparatelr in each case and that an agreement be made to insure equality in the giving of zone cessions. Assurance of Security Gen. Spears told the conferenge the - only means of “reducing armaments and theroughly eliminating the risk - of war” was the establishment of world security. 5 “Once they feel safe from each” other. <ecure against sudden aggres sion.” he said. “the people will be the s most effective npponents of expendi- tures on armaments hy their govern- ment and will not consent to par heavy taxes for armaments.” Gen. Spears introduced his plan as a propesal providing ‘the insuranca against war for which we are look ‘Walls Between Nations. . The proposal i= that neighboring nations shou'd themselves consent to the establishment of a zone between them in which nn treops or fortifica tions would be permitted and aeross which no armed force might pass.’” he explaine: “If vou succeed in doine this vou will have built a wall he- tween nations which could not be | scaled by any azgressor without that aggressor revealing himself to the whole world in his true light. Pilloried | by world opinion, he would be seized in the act by the policemen nations. which had constituted themselves suardians of the obstacle.” He cited as successful examples of the demdlitarized zone idea the agree- ment between Great Britain and the TUnited States for protection of the American-Canadian bhorder and that reached in 1905 hy Norway and Swe- objected to the wording of | den. The League of Nations, he sald. of the resolution, | fyrnished an instrument by which it the | was possible to guarantee a strip of territory. The problems of Europe. the general asserted. are not as far removed from those of the Pacific as ficially calls the attention of the gov- | the mileage indicated. Hotel Inn Phone Main $108-8100 604610 9th St. N.W, §7 mrome, 38 wwon: 31290 sxomeglf: in roum. 30% more, Booms Like MotBer's, - 'l i | ! ' |