Evening Star Newspaper, September 23, 1925, Page 4

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TURKS AND BRITISH ON BRINK OF WAR Hostile Act May Cause Hostil- ities Along Upper Tigris at Any Time. BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER. By Cable to The Star and Chicago Daily News. GENEV., September The is- sue of peace or war between Turkey and Great Pritain in the mountains and valleys of the upper Tigris now hang in the balance. The Turks have massed 40,000 men along the provistonal frontier north of Mosul and are massacring and driving out pro-Bi ary Turkish re- The British are strengthening their feeble Mesopotamian contin- gents, are arming Assyro-Chaldean Christians on their side of the fron- tler and are trying to organize the Kurds. Grave Trouble Possible. Under these circumstances, frontier incident; 4 and these may consequen Che Laus: treaty nt of the Mosul d on by the league council. In the debate just concluded here, the Turks contended that arbitration ap plies not to the whole Mosul reglon but only to the frontier, that iy any case the council's decislon must be unanimous and that, whatever the decision, the grand assembly of An- gora has the right to reject it if it pleases. The British agree to accept the league’s arbitral award, but add that unless Turkey reiterates similar ac- ceptance they will resume their own liberty of action. The league council, faced by a grave dilemma, has sought to gain time und enlightment by re- ferring to the International Court the questions whether, under the Lausanne treatey the council's arbi- tration 18 final and whether the coun- cil's vote in the matter must be volt. grave ays possible lead to incalculable lett i pute to arbi 1l set Turks say they will pay no attention to the court’s verdicts and will not surrender what they consider as their rights. Three months will # elapse before the court's n will enable the league coun- cil to resume :ta arbitral duties. With- in this period. it is generally con- ceded, anything may happen. Mottw of British. The British motives are: 1. Strateefcal. The Mosu} region forms a natural hastion protecting Mesopotamia and the route to India from Turkish invasion. Without Mosul the problem of defending Mes- opotamia becomes extremely diffl cult. 2. Trrigation. necessary Whter reservoirs ‘or_irrigation of Mesopota- s lie in the Mosul moun- the Turks controlled the oirs they could prevent irriga- . Oil. The main Anglo-Persian pipe line can on! be defended from a flank attack landward by holding Mesopotamia, which in turn depend on holding M I 4. Colonial prestige. This perhaps is the most important motive of all. { The British have occupied the dis- puted region ever since the war. Thelr prestige was weakened by the Turkish victory over the Greeks. If they were now obliged for any reason to with- draw from Mosul this would be inter- preted throughout the Mohammedan Astatie world as a new sign of weak- | ness and would encourage rebellious clements in various parts of the Br ish Empire. Motives of Turkey. consider | aga a possible British or Arab invasion. | 2. Oil. Possession of the Mosul oil flelds would insure considerable sums of cash to the Tu 8. Political. and a half, more or I Kurds in Turkey and ha rebellious | a million in | s fear the + Kurdish na- movement directed against ige. With the perhaps the most onal Turks aléo thas important motive. The general and growing revolt of Mohammedans and Asiatics against Turopean ruls also favors Turkey. India, Egypt and Palestine, though | momentaril; qulet, are r . China is In a ferment has_grave wars on her hands, both in Morocco pres esert are Arab kingdom taken Mecca and now dina., _ Soviet Russia is doing everything in its power to support and extend all these revolts. Finally, in Great Brit- aln ftself there is a pacifist war weariness which makes it almost im- possible for the British government to conduct vigorous colonial campaign the present time. siatics this lassitude signifles the slipping of Great Britain's hold and gives the greatest possible encouragement (Copyright, 1925, by Chicago Daily News.) The %0-bell set in the belfry of Grace Church, in New York (' regularly rung by a Marv H le: threaten Me- Finds in the Congo Expected to Cut Price of Radium By the Associated Press. BRUSSELS, September 23 Bargain rates on radium are fore- seen by experts in the develop- ment of the Belgian Congo radium industry. The price of radium now Is 1,000,000 francs a gram, but the discovery of further ra- dium-bearing deposits in the Congo s tending to cut the price. Experts hope that before many years radium will be produced at a price that will make it available in_the ordinary hospital serv: The Congo thus far is said to have produced 160 of the 310 grams said to be the world’s supply. — PALMER’S SAVINGS ENOMOUS, RECORD OF WORK REVEALS (Continued from First Page.) This Is an accomplishment which the American people will laud, particu- larly as it is saving millions of dol- lars in taxes to them. Z But a result of the economies in operation which is of far-reaching im- portance, ofmore importance even than the economies themselves, is the trans- fer of the Government ships to pri- vate American ownership for opera- tion in the overseas trade under the American £ Palmer and his aides and vernment agents operating the icceeded in cutting down ustained by lines now operated, so these vessels have become more desirable and sal- able to American shipping men. Within the last year three lines have been sold by the Shipping Board, on recommendation of the president of the Fleet Corporation, to private owners, who have given guarantee of continued operation under the Amer- ican flag of the present routes over a period of five years. The sale of these three lines meant the transfer to private American ownership and operation of 29 vessels. So much has the American overseas fleet, privately owned, benefited. _The lines in ques- tion are the Pacific Mall, operating from San Francisco to the Orlent five ships at $1,125,000 per ship; the Pal metts Line, operating from South Atlantic ports to Europe, six ships for 370,000, and the Export Line, operat- ing from North Atlantic ports to the Meditterannean, 18 ships for $1,100,00. A fourth line, the Pan-Amerfcan cperating out of New York to the east coast of South America, would have been sold also within the last few days had the Shipping Board fol- lowed the recommendation of Admiral Palmer. The bid was $770.000 per ve: sel—there are four now being operated by the Pan-American—made by the Munson Line which is now handling the ships for the Government. The Shipping Board, however, divided three to three on the proposal to sell, and it was therefore rejected. Under the sales campaign worked up by the Fleet Corporation since, at the instance of President Coolidge, the negotiations for the sale of the Gov- ernment ships have been turned over to that agency by the Shipping Board —ostensibly at least—offers of pur- chase have been made for five other lines of Government ships. begins to look, therefore, as the problem of a privately Sheer Quality Has Made This ‘Washington’s Leading Coffee! THE EVENING owned and operated Amterican over- seas merchant marine was moving to- ward solution. That this is the case is due to the drastic cuts made in operating losses through the manage- ment of the Fleet Corporation and the abandonment of the wasteful methods of the Shipping Board when it had under its charge the opera- tion of the ships, with a Fleet Cor- poration under the board's direction, functioning in name only. Jealous of Authority. President Coolidge, when he tackled the shipping problem in the Fall and Winter of 1923-24, became convinced that the Shipping Board, with seven members, part of them Democrats and part of them Republicans, could not function properly as an adminis- trative agency, with a huge business to conduct. Senator Jones of Wash- ington, chairman of the Senate com- merce committee, was outspoken at the time in his demand that the opera tion of the vessels should be turned over to one man at the head of the Fleet Corporation, and that the board should be restored to its original func- tions with regard to the Government ships .and all other shipning, inquisi- torial and regulatory. The constant effort of the President has been to bring about such unified control, and the effort of the board apparently, has been to resist the lgpping off of its power of administration. In the final analysis the controversy therefore simmers down to who shall be the authority over ship operation— the Shipping Board or President Palmer and the Fleet Corporation. The charge is made that the board, with the exception of a couple of mem! bers, instead of co-cperating whole heartedly with the president of the Fleet Corporation. as a board of di- rectors in a business concern would co-operate with the manager of the business, has sought to embarrass the Fleet Corporation and to show that it can achieve better results than the corporation. But the members of the board, even in thelr efforts to handle tmportant questions relating to the disposition of the ships, have fought each other in cat and dog fashion. The sale of the Pacific Mail Line to the Dollar Line, for example, was made by a 4 to 3 Vote of the board and was accompanied by violent charges on the part of the minority members against the majority. Although the negotiations for sale of the ships are supposedly in the hands of the Flest Corporation, the “set up” for the final disposition of the ships is unheard of in business. Negotiations -are oconducted by the Fleet Corporation and bids are re- ceived, opened and a recommendation to the board is submitted. But what happens? The board rejects the rec- ommendation of the corporation and then sets to work in some way to get a better bid for the ships. This hap- pened first in the sale of 200 ships to Henry Ford for scrapping purposes, and is happening again in connection with the proposed sale of the Pan- American Line. The result, it is sald, is to make the prospective purchasers of ships have no regard at all for the negotia- tions conducted by the Fleet Corpora- tion. What incentive is there to make a real bid if it is realized that the board will reject it and then angle for a higher? Better make a low bid in the first instance and then get the favor of the board by submitting fig- ures somewhat higher atter the board has turned down the recommendation of the Fleet Corporation. The provisions of the Jones merchant marine act of 1920 looked to the sficient operation of the merchant Jeet while still under Government ownership, o that the great losses in operation would be curtailed to such an extent that private shipping companies would purchase the routes. The reductions in expenditures and losses which have been made are due to the elimination of unnecessary expenditures all along the line, to economy in the use of fuel, saving on repair costs, to better operation, to reduction in stevedoring charges and in the handling of purchases and sugplies, to elimination of losses on fereign exchange and to the reduc- tion of unnecessary personnel. Saving on Personnel. Out of the total reduction made by the Fleet Corporation, $2,100,000 rep- resents the saving alone on personnel in the last 20 months. Admiral Palmer expects to continue cutting down unnecessary personnel to the tune of $100,000 & month for a con- siderable time to come. A criticism of the board members ts that Admiral Palmer is not in- creasing the number of vessels in service, but s actually decreasing them. As a matter of fact, wherever vessels have been laid off it has been only after the approval of the board Don’t Start That Furnace Yet! We Offer as a SPECIAL SALE 400 WHEELING SUPER-RADIANT GAS HEATERS STREET BUILDING With 10 Burners Never Has Such Value Been Offered Before Fries, Beall & Sharp Co. 734 Tenth Street N. W. Call Main 1964 for Delivery to Any Part of the City itself has been gives. Additional ves- sels, if placed in the service now, Admiral Palmer maintains, would only add to present considerable losses, since ‘the commerical siviation does not demand such additions. The Shipping Board itself, how- ever, In u letter of August 18, 1925, to the director of the budget, says that the board will make an effort to keep 279 ships (not the 237 which have been in operation the past fiscal year) in service this year. President Palmer declares it is his purpose to maintain at least this average num- ber of ships in operation the next year. Admiral Palmer submitted to the Shipping Board an estimate of $18,- 000,000 for the operation of the ships during the fiscal year 1926-27. The board, however, has demanded & high- er figure, $22,000,000, although the es- timate of President Palmer was based on actual operating experfence. The board followed up its criticism of the estimate of President Palmer by adopting a resolution the next day that the executive assistants of the president of the Fleet Corporation be reduced in mumber and salary. The resolution was adopted by & vote of three to two. The asslstants against whom this resolution was di- rected are those whose services have made it possible to bring about the efficlen~y and economy represented by the reduction in losses from $50,000,000 to $28,000,000 in the last 20 months. They are equipped to bring about a still further reduction of the burden on the Treasury for the ships to $18,- 000,000 in the next fiscal year, Ad- miral Palmer insis Detailed to Academy. First Lieut. Charles W. Hanna, Sth Infantry, at Fort Moultrie, S. C., has been detailed to duty at Branham and Hughes Military Academy, Spring Hill, Tenn PAID ON SAVINGS DEPOSITS MORRIS PLAN BANK' Under Supervision U. S. Treasury 1408 H ST. N. W. STAR, WASHINGTON, D. O, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1925. 12 CHINESE EXECUTED AT PUBLIC CEREMONY Parade and Hanging of Robbers at Shanghai Arsenal Seen by Thousands. By the Associated Prees. SHANGHAI, September 23.—Twelve convicted armed Chinese robbers were executed publicly today after a parade of the condemned. The parade and the hangings were witnessed by thou- sands. The executions will continue at the rate of six daily until 180 condemned men have been executed in accordance with death sentences handed down by mixed courts. The sentences were not carried out previously because no Chinese author- ity has been functioning !n Shanghal, but the appointment of Shing Szllen, Manchurian commander, as ruler of the Shanghal area has made possible the resumption of hangings. The exe- cutions today took place at the Lung- wha_arsenal. vt . Uric Acid 4 Disappears! and with it goes your rheumatism, gout, catarrh and kidney and blad- der troubles when you drink the sparkling natural mineral water, Salvator. Physicians have recommended ‘it for 50 years. Bottled at the springs abroad. The Alpha-Lux Co., Inc., New York. SALVATOR Natural Mineral Spring WATER, Sold by the following and other leading druggists: Peoples Drug Stores, “All Over Town.” Lightnin% property t is safe from lighting. cial rust-resistin good sheet met: 01, (0 BALTIMORE South 2000 It is safe, too, from much of the danger of other external fire causes. Above all, it is covered with the most satisfactory, economical and durable roofing material you can buy. 1] pay you to investigate the advantages of this spe- material for your contractor. ATl that was left of a home a2 Boseman, Md., after an electrical storm on August 8. The metal-roofed covering in fhe background 10as uninjured. After the Storm--- A blinding flash——a deafening crash—and when the clouds roll away, only a pile of smoulderin, mark what was once 2 home. gone up in a passing thunder shower. ruins to The savings of a lifetime destroys far more suburban and rural an any other fire cause. takes its toll. And yet this danger can be removed.— Every storm The home that is roofed with properly grounded Jyonore Metal an alloy It will ome. Ask any WASHINGTON Main 8% Making’ - FASHIONABLE'! Comfort RCH PRESERVER ShoesFor Women T stands to reason. Smart women are perfectly content to pay $9 to $12.50 for shoe style distinction alone. 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