Evening Star Newspaper, September 18, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR| ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.....Septerober 18, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company oxs Ofce: The Evening Star. with the Sonday marn- Jox edition, is elivered by carriors within s city at'60 cents per month: daily only. 45 cents per month: Sunday oniy. 20 cents rer month. ~ Orders may he want by mail or telenhone 3fain A000. Collection is made by «arrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daile and Sunday Datty ants S Sunday only All Other States. Paite and Sunday Daity any UM - Sunday only 10 the Uss for renuh natehes eredited to 1t Ar not otherwiss cred. fted In this naper and alan tha local news nublighed Terein. AN rehis of publieation o1 specis’ diEpatifies herein are alao reserved e N e Saklatvala’s Exclusion: Tt is contended that the statements for which Shapurji Saklatvala has heen denied admittance to the United States were uttered in application to conditions in India, and have no bear- ing whatever upon general govern- ment questions. For that reason it is urged that the Secretary of State as unwarranted in ordering the can- cellation of his visa and thus prevent- ing his entrance as a delegate to the Interparliamenta Union meeting h Tt matters little upon what major topic the Hindu-Britisher was spexk- inz. He may have been talking in the main specifically about British vule in India, but he was dt the same time avowing anarchistic senti- ments and beliefs respecting govern- ment as an institution. Surely there was no limitation of his views to the Indian situation when he declared, “'T am out to work for a revolution and for the day when the workers will control the whole world.” When that sexpression is taken in connection with the first sentence in the same passage of that particular speech, “I am going o America as a friend of the working * there remains no ground for rotest against hts exclusion on the score that what Saklatvala said was none of our business. Saklatvala himself protests that the action of the Secretary of State is in disregard of “the ordinary laws of political decency.” What are those ordinary laws of political decency? it may be asked. Do they guarantee the vight of an incendiary to go forth in any direction with a blazing torch to art a conflagration? Do they justify the flinging of a monkey wrench into the wheels of government? Saklatvala is by his own acknowledgment a de- atroyer of existing governmental in- stitutions. He was planning to come to this country in his capacity as delegate. to the Interparliamentary Unlon for the purpose of preaching sedition, appealing to the workers of America to unite with the Com- munists of Europe for the destruction of the present political organization. Suggestion is made that the action of the Secretary of Stato was at the request of the British government. /Thet is quite beside the mark. There was ample reason for the I'nited| States acting to keep Saklatvala out s own account. The action may have the approval of the government at London. Indeed, it appears to be quite popular there. But that does not warrant the belief that the Secretary of State has acted otherwise than on his own initiative in preventing the coming of a dangerous redical. ——o—t Gov. Smith has a sufficient political axperience to appreciate that Tues- day’s victory over the Greater New 'York mayoralty has a decided Pyrrhic quality. Maryland is disposed to insist that the automobile license tag should cor- respond to the domestic mailing ad- dress ————— Col. Sherrill promises the Capital plenty of bathing facilities for next Summer it Congress will be good enough to vote the funds. ——— e = The 0ld Fort Sites. The National Capital Park Commis- sion has some thought of preserving Civil War fort sites in Virginia and adding them to the park system of the Capital. Progress is being made in acquiring & number of the old fort sites in the District. Many of the carth forts and their supporting works, called “batteries,” have been huilt over by the city, and the land is ! now bevond ths purse of the park n, but it is remarkable that ~notwithstanding the spread of the 8 fort sites, particularly scuth and east of the Bastern Branch and west of the city along the valley _of Little Falls Branch or Powder Mill Branch, are only thinly built on or not at all. The weather-worn ruins of some forts remzin. Some of the north-line forts, notably parts of Lin- coln, Jameson, Totten, Stevens and perhaps & few others. can be rescued. De Russey is in Rock Creek Park. Reno was made a suburban subdivi- sion socn after the Clvil War, and a large settlement covers the fort e and the outworks and fields that were about it, but the recovery of this fort site, the highest land in the District, ie not out of the question, and sume time ago the District surveyor urged that the site of Fort Reno be restored for public use. West of Washington and north of the Potomac are remains +of Fort Gaines and a number of re- doubts which during the war were ex- tended from time to time and then united under the name of Fort Sumner. Three redoubts were bullt on knolls that commanded the country near Chain Bridge and the receiving reser- voir, and were named Forts Alex- ander, Franklin.and Ripley. Subse- quently their names were changed to commise ny | highwaye enter trom the south, was manding the Leesburg pike and the valley of Pimmit Run, were Forts Marcy and Ethan Allen. The road to Leesburg passes through some weathered mounds that were part of Marcy, and the road to Walkers Chapel and Vanderwerken goes through the site of Fthan Allen, though it is hard, perhaps not pos- sible, to find a vestige of that fort. The Long Bridge section- of forts, notably Runyon, has been obliterated, but on the highlend to the southwest part of Fort Albany is visible. On the heights west of the old Aqueduct ! Bridge it is difficult to trace the lines of Forts Smith, Strong, Morton, ‘Woodbury, Cass, Bennett, Corcoran, ‘Whipple and others. McPherson, one of that section of forts, and which had not been finished when the Civil War ended, is preserved in Arlington Ceme- tery. Along the Columbia plke the re- mains of Fort Berry and not f: away parts of Fort Richardson were visible a few years ago, but it is likely that no trace of them remains. The valley of Cameron Run, through which the Orange and Alexandria Railrcad and the Little River turn- pike run, and which two or three one of the heavily fortificd sections for the defense of Washington and Alexandria. Along the ridges north and south of Cameron Run are sites of numerous forts, thinly or not at all built on, and long lines of broken ramparts and ditches nearly fllled may be seen. A committee of the - tional Capital Park Commission visit- ed the sites of several of those forts with an idea that they may be incor- porated in the Capital's park system. The idea is a good one. The time to geL the sites is before the land be- comes too high priced. When the agitation for acquiring the forts around Washington was begun by The Star nearly fifty vears ago the sites of all the forts could probably have been bought for what the park commission will now pay for one, and the Capital would now have a park 2nd boulevard, the finest of its kind in the world, commemorating the Civil War, teaching unforgettable lessons in history and commanding views un- excelled in the country between the Appalachian Range and the Atlantic Ocean. s The New Fraternities Rule. The Board of Education, by “legal- Iy adopting a new rule to cover the situation, apparently has not solved the fraternity problem. The board has just passed, after due notice to its members, a rule intended to eliminate fraternities, sorcrities and other “secret socicties” from the high schools of the National Capital. A point of contention seems to exist {or two major parties. THE EVENIN the larger cities of this country. We are in this respect somewhat tardy. In Europe regular airplane service has been maintained for some years, | notably between London and Paris. As soon as there is a commaercial opportunity the manufacture of planes is assured. Private plancmakers can- not afford to experiment indefinitely. They must have a prospect of a mar- ket either for their goods or for their services. . The Government has by opening the air mail service to com- petition greatly stimulated the indus- ty and advanced the day of practical airplane use - ————s Wisconsin Stands Alone. Out of the complex of the Wiscon- sin primary election for nomination for the Senate comes unmistakably a proof of the preference of the voters for Robert M. La Follette, jr.. as his father’s successor. He won in the pri- mary over several competitors so strongly that there could be no doubt of his election later in the month. Nor can there be doubt as to his status in the Senate. He will not be a Republican entitled to admittance to the party caucus. He will be a progressive, or whatever he wishes to style himself, and will belong to the sroup of former Republicans who have been excluded from the caucus. La Follette's classification is not es- pecially important, however, as com- pared with the party alignment in Wisconsin. Tuesday's voting showed that there is no change there as af- fects the dominance of the La Follette progressive faction of the one-time Republican party. The late Senator has bequeathed his following to his son. Whether another candidate than | the junior La Follette would have succeeded 18 not be Jetermined. From the moment of the late Sena- tor's death there was no thought of any other candidate for the succession than a member of his family, his wite his son. 1t has been taken for granted that the senatorship would “‘descend” to the political next of kin. ‘Wisconsin is thus not to be reckoned as a Republican State, but to be classed in the category of independent Commonwealths. It is in this respect in a class by itself. It is the only State in the Union which does not affliate with one or the other of the B B e Dicmissal of the head of the hos. pital from which New Jersey's crazy murderer recently escaped is perhaps logical, even though it does ot posi- tively insure a more efficient safe- guard against that particularly serious menace against public security. T After dueling for an hour and three- quarters with swords two Italian offi cers, having merely inflicted some right there. Members of the forbidden organizations and their parents take the stand that the groups at which the rule is aimed are not “high scheol organizations.” They have among their members individuals who are not now attending, and never have at- tended, a high school or a public school here, or elsewhere. Therefore those who oppose the action of the board insist that the school officials have no basis to procced, even conced- ing that they might possess the right | to control the organizations were the latter made up exclusively of high | school pupils, and if membership de- pended on high school attendance. The Board of Education, by adopt- ing the rule, may believe it has the | lezal right to control and dictate the activities and movements of pupils | throughout the twenty-four hours of | the dav, beyond, as well as within, the hours fixed for school attendance. Interested parents deny the right of school officials to enter the home and usurp what is claimed to be the right of the parents. The Board of Education, it has been demonstrated, cannot prevent mem- bers of fraternities, sororities and the like from proceeding With the regular school work, from graduating and re- ceiving diplomas. 1t stipulates that such members will not be permitted to engage in extra-curriculum activities, such as holding class offices, commis- sions and warrants in the cadet corps, positions in connection with school publications and to represent the schools in athletic competitions. In reply to the stipulation the interested parents and organization members say, broadly, it is not the business of the Board of Education what pupils may do, harmful or beneficial, after school hours. It is to be regretted that the con- tending sides to the issue did not con- fer and amicably adjust their differ- ences. The Board of Education un- doubtedly is. convinced that it is tak- ing the proper action. The pupils af- fected by the rule, and their parents, with equal sincerity, must be con- fident in the stand they have taken. The result may be further litigation. The issue should be determined. 1t is dosirable still that it be “settled out of court,” by compromise, or as the result of amicable conference With mutual desire to reach a proper un- derstanding. Mr. Saklatvala's opinion of the American Secretary of State is evi- dently not shared by his fellow Brit- ish delegates to the Washington con- terence. S e Advancing American Aviation, With bids submitted by seventeen companies in competition for eight air mail contracts it is evident that avia- tion development in the United States has progressed speedily and promis- ingly. When the experiment of carry- ing the mails through the air was be- sun there were but few private manu- facturers of airplanes in this country. No commercial concern was in a pos tion to undertake this service. Now seventeen flrms or corporations are competing for the con.racts, and with this encouragement it is probable that the next time bids are called for air mail contracts there will be more in competition, The commercial airplane is estab- {search for an honest man?" asked the | The world’s a stage, as Shakespeare mutua! scratches, called it a day and thus satisfled their honor. Premier Mussolini may have them court- martialed for inefciency. ————r——— At any rate the barring of Shapurii Sakiatvala from the United States will save a good many people the trou- | ble of learning how to pronounce his name. A British author havinz written a novel about Jonah a theatrical version may be expected to follow, thus re- viving the once-popular tank drama ————————— Already the Tammany rmhurmns‘i are referring to the snappy primary | fight as the “late unpleasantness” an effort to soften the asperitle R " SHOOTING STARS ,BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Diogenes and His Lantern. “How do you use a lantern in vour citizen. “I lend it to A man" answered Diogenes; “and it he returns it T know he's one in ten thousand. You see, the lantern test is the best available. The umbrella has not yet been invented.” Sympathy. “‘Spifins says he is ter about the grocer's bill.” “Never mind Spiffin the grocer's worrying.” Iy worried Think of how Respect for Art. “How do you know those people are sincere lovers of music?” “By the fact,” replied Miss Cayenne, “that they compelled their youngest boy to stop trying to learn the plano.” A Demand Ignored. “We are not to blame for the shows we present,” said the manager. “We give the public what they demand.” “Not always,” said the man who finds fault. ‘“You weren't on hand the last time when people demanded their money back.” One or the Other. The foot ball player from afar Now comes to take a chance On haying a triumphal car Or just an ambulance. . No Relief to Him “When you are angr: man of gentle instincts, count & hundred.” “A hundred”” echoed Mr. Sirius Barker. “If T could stop at a hun- dred in counting up my wife's mil- liner’s bills T wouldn't be angry.” said the “stop and Trying to Be Hopeful. “How are you getting along with your good roads movement?" “Well,” answered Farmer Corntos- sel, “we haven't gone backwards. We've still got the right of way and u good deal of raw material.” Persons of the Play. wrate— Or Bacon, if you will. Some of us rise old truths to quote | gardener. { personally sought 1o work out a plan ‘With eloquence and skill, And make great names which they display ‘With pride through many States— And some of us must simply say, “My lord, the carriage waits.” lished. Henry Ford is using planes for the transport of materials from his Detroit factorles to Chicago. Other manufacturers are contemplat- ing similar services. Regular pas- Forts Davis, Kirby and Cross, and at {length these were joined and named *Fort Sumner. On the Virginia side. in the high. lands ebove Chain Bridge and com- a senger routes have not yet been es- tablished, but it i3 only a question of a short time when airplane linez will be in operation on schedule between Miscast, - we often sadly grope Through lines that did not fit; And yet we persevere and hope Somehow to score a hit. So each must listen and obey The promptings of the fates, E'en though he does no more than say, ‘My lord, the carriage walts™ - THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. Hollyhocks that bloom again in the | Autumn and grass that comes up | from seed in three days—these ars! some af the results secured with the | aid of bone meal In one local garden. Bone meal, ground, medium, coarse, | comes near being the perfect ferti- Mzer for the average back yard flower garden, now that the automobile has made manure difficult to secure. There was always danger in the use of manure, owing to the fact that it might “‘burn” plants, but bone meal in any quantity is utterly free from | this difficulty, giving maximum re- sults with no chance of danger. ‘The whole subject of fertility to the average home gardener is a closed book. In the main he relies strictly on the original fertility of his soil. never realizing that the plants must be fed much as human beings and animals are fed. and that to do this it is first necessary to feed the suil. Perhaps most soil. when first plant- | ed, has enough fertility in it to grow | almost anything, but after that its producing quality tends to run down, if one may use such an expression in | relation to the earth. Planting year after year in “the same border, with adjacent grass roots busily extracting their toll of nutri- tion, finally ends in depletion of the soll, 8o that flowers are not up to standard. This ‘is a condition commonly ar- rived at in back-yard gardens, oftenas soon as the second season. In almost every such instance it will be found that the anxious amateur has forgol- ten the necessity for the proper use of fertilize: * ok ox x He can work wonders by the free use of bone meal, which, bought in 109-pound lots, is not particularly ex- pensive. Fixamples of what may be accom- | plished with this fertilizer were in- | stanced In the opening paragraph of | this article. 3 | Hollyhocks that bloomed freely in the early Summer (or late Spring) ‘were cut off about a foot from the zround and a liberal application of | bone meal made around the plants. Tt was noted, at the time, that another gardener in the vicinity cut | his hollyhocks down, but did not give them a dose of bone meal. The plants of this second grower were even more flourishing than those of the first at the time the cutting was done. The fower catalogues had stated that such pruning would make the plants flower again in the Fall. The months went by, and. in mid- | September, the gardener who had | used bone meal was rewarded with | hollyhock plants more than five feet high, the stalks graced with beautiful pink flowers. i The other gardener had planis scarcely three feet high, with nice green leaves, but no sign of a blos- som. Tt was hardly possible 10 do other than give the bone meal the | credit. | Grass from ' seed in three davs | sounds impossible, to those who have found it necessary to wait four to six weeks for a new stand of grass, but it was achieved by this Washington veral bare spots appearing in his lawn, he harrowed them up, and put | in liberal handfuls of grass seed, which he raked in. Then he pressed the seed down with his feet. Tram- pling seed into the ground, especially grass seed, Is often beneficial. The common method of simply throwing grass seed upon the ground is almost pure waste, since the first ht wind blows it away, or the first rain washes it off. By firmly trampling it ground, the seed gets a blish itself. into the chance 1o The best method is, s stated, to loosen up the soil. then throw in the sced, then gently rake jt in, then firm it with the fect. If only spots are heing seeded, | the best implement to rake with i & HOW UNCLE BY WILLIAM P. HELM, JR. ARTICLE V. In the-operation of the American merchant marine. during the fiscal vear 1925 the Cuolidge drive for econ- omy resulted, this correspondent fs authorized to state, in the following reversals of form, July to April, in. clusive, as compared with the cor- responding period for the previous year: Decrease in the net loss of almost 30 _per cent, or about $7.700,000. Reduction in pay roll of 673 per- sons, or 23 per cent of the total force. at an annual saving of more than $1,300,000. Increase of revenue from $47,700,000 to_$50,380,000 Decrease of expenses (10 months) from $76,200.000 to $71,200,000. A request for $5,000.000 less of Gov- ernment funds for 1926 than for 1925. In no other branch of the Govern- ment, perhaps, has the drive to lessen the drag on the public treasury been more int€fisive than in the conduct of the American merchant marine. Here was the Government of the United States in business on its own ac- count, competing with private capital and competing with the = Federal Treasury back of it to pay the losses. Critics ‘long have pointed to the merchant marine as a shining example of the inability of the Government to own and operate a business venture. Losses resulting from that venture, the child of the war, have been a con- tinual drain on the taxpayer. Plan for Reducing Losses. Calvin Coolidge, knowing all this, that would reduce losses to the lowest possible point. The plan involved no spectacular drive for a ship subsidy such as that undertaken by his predecessor. It did involve a rudical change in relations between the Ship- ping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation and the adoption of busi- ness methods hitherto not applied. Three days before Christmas last the new Coolidge plan went into ef- fect. What has happened to prove its merit or shortcoming? Let the president of the Emergency Fleet Corporation tell the story. It is told here for the first time. He says: “The Fleet Corporation has con- centrated its efforts on every tangi- ble method that appeared available to reduce operating losses. “It is, of course, recognized that adequate supervision of the services by the Government is essential; but the object has been kept clearly be- fore us thdt eventually success must lie in the greater Initiative of our operators and the gradual elimination of the necessity of detailed super- vision of their individual activities, not only develgping their own inde- pendence, but reducing the direct ex- penditure of Government funds. “The number of employes of the Fleet Corporation on June 30, 1924, was 3,0383; by April 25, 1925, this number had been reduced to 2,360 and an annual pay roll of $6,558,880 had been reduced to $5,171,866; that s, while continuing the same general business there has been a reduction in our pay roll of 673 employes, which involves a corresponding reduction in salaries at the annual rate of $1,387,014. “In our operations the cargo serv- ices cover the greater part of our losses, and it is in these services that nur success or failure must eventually be found. “The business .done in our cargo services during the present vear has been slightly greater than -hat of the previous year. A review of our monthly financial statements shows | of_the seed he used | seed. Towers. TRACEWELL. small weeder, or hand cultivatgr, made with four or five finger-like prongs. After firming the seed into the soil the gardener in question covered the ground completely with bone meal to a depth of a fourth of an inch or more. That evening the lawn was glven a good watering, though care was taken not to wash out the bone meal. A good watering every evening, and the grass was coming up at the end of the third day, with most of the bone meal sunk Into the ground. At the end of the first week the tender blades were fully an inch high. The unusual armth, of course, ; had something to do with it, but the gardener declared that he was in- clined to give most of the credit to the hone meal, not forgetting. of course, the high germinating quality Without good grass sced with, it must be stated. one migl as well save his time and labor. for you cannot get a satisfactory stand ! of grass even with medium quality In other words, vou ean’t zet something for nothing. *ox ok ok to start | The beauty of bone meal. ax far ax the amateur gardener s concerned, is that it helps growth, without burn- ing the roots of his plants and As far as experiments carried out this Summer go—and they seem con- clusive enough—bone meal is the one “sure fire” fertilizer. On roses it is perhaps the one best thing to use, as all the books agree. Around such flowering bulbs as the glorious gladiolus it may be used with fine results and absolute safety. To feel safe in the use of a tertilizer is & fine feeling in itself. A strewing of medium ground bone meal at intervals of once a month during Spring and Summer is about the hest thing one can do for the lawn. 1t should he waiéred in well, more to wash it out of sight than for any other reason. Puttinz it on just be- | fore a rain is good. For flower boxes bone‘meal is just as good a thing #s it is pessible-to use.. One has to be even more careful here than in the garden that he does not burn the roots or flower stalks. He can use bone meal freely, with no dunger, and only best results. It should be kept in mind, however, that bone neal i not a so-called com. plete fertilizer. It lacks nitrogen and other elements that plants require. There are several very good commer- cial fertilizers on the market that can be used to supplement the bone meal One good method is to place them on the border or in the rows in October, rake them in, and let them “Winter."” This is perhaps the best way of using manure—if vou can find good in it is leeched into the soil, so that by Spring the residue may be dug under safely. adding the neces. sary humus to the soil. Bone meal first got its start on the farms of the country. where it was called bone dust. There are bone dust establishments just outside Balti- more that smell up the river for square mHes. The bone meal in use today. such as referred to herein. is made from cattle bones, and is medium ground, decom- posing somewhat slowly in the soil A pulverized meal may be purchased in New York, -but it is rather expen- sive, and no better than the other, if one is consistent in his applications. Bone meal is clean to use, not ob- jectionable in any sense. There is no sity for using a meal made of fish bones, as this smells to high | heaven. und gives no better results | than ‘the less odoriferous variety, if | as_good. y For annuals such as the aster, for | perennials such as the peon | roses, for bulbs such as the gladiolus | and tulip. for the lawn. there is noth. | ing s0 good as good old bone meal. SAM S Z | that durinz the present <isca July to April, inclusive, we have com. | pleted 1 voyagzes, as against 1048 | for the corresponding period of the | last fiscal vear. “Our records indicate that we have carried approximately 7.580.000 tons of cargo. as against 7,440,000 tons in the previous yvear, and that our tons| of cargo per vovage have increased from 7,095 to 0, and that these results have reflected an increase of revenue from $47.705.000 to $50.- 384,000, the revenue per vovage in- creasing from $45.520 to $47.885. “Here is a gradual betterment in each element of our income—more total tons carried, more tons carried Der vovage, greater total revenue and greater revenue per voyage. The change has not been great; basic con- ditions have not ‘materially bettered: but there is Improvement all along th ne. “The consolidation of our various services, bezun during the latter part of the last fiscal year, but which be- came fully operative during the ‘pres- ent fiscal year (1925), has permitted a much more effective oper:tion of Our services, resulting, amons other benefits, in permitting a materinl re- duction in the average turn-around, which reflects directly in the reduced costs of operation. “The average turn -around during the first 10 months of the fiscal vear 1924 amounted to 95.9 days, which has been reduced in the fiscal year 1925 to 90.2 days. With the servicas essential- ly the same. there is, perhaps, no bet- ter index of operating improvements than this item. There is still more 1o be accomplished in this direction, and our next vear should reflect a still lower average turn-around. “Our_total expenses for our cargzo ships for the first 10 months of last Vvear were approximately $76,234.000, as against $71,261,000 this year. This is nearly a $5.000,000 smaller expendi- ture for carrying more goods, for which we received more revenue. Losses From Operation. “‘Our total losses for these operations have been reduced from $23,529,000 to $20,870,000. This is our most important field of operation and is a measure of the improvement and efficiency that have been obtained during the fiscal year 1925, “In the conduct of our business in Europe and the United Kingdom we have had to establish a large amount of credits, which in turn have necessi- tated deposits in banks in this coun- try, amounting at the present time to $5,350,000, to guarantee such credits. Money 80 deposited receives much smaller interest than the Treasury pays for the money it borrows. It is clear that it is to the interest of th: Government, therefore, to reduce the bank deposits. “‘Arrangements have heen completed, becoming effective at the end of the fiscal year 1925, which will reduce the average outstanding liabllity of the Fleet Corporation on letters of credit established in the United Kingdom and Europe, thereby involving a raduction in the amount of deposits necessary to guarantee such credits. “Under the new arrangement our United Kingdom and European finan- cial operations will be handled direct from London, which will permit the transfer to the United States Treasury of approximately $2,500,000 of the amount. now on deposit with banks in vear, | United this country and at the same time re- ducing the = commissions. exchange losses and other expenses incidental in handling our foreign collections in the United Kingdom and Furopa. (Copyright 1925.) A A DELICATE JOB For U. S. Envo By Hamilton Holt, President Coolidge s shortly to appoint a new Ambassador to Japan, who will, one ventures to predict, hardly find his new berth a bed of roses. Let no American think for a moment that Japan has forgotten the way the United States Senate passed the anti-Japanese immigration law last year. The Japanese government and the Japuncse people sull feel the deepest resentment toward the States because of it. Just when it looked as though the long se- ries of pin pricks on the part of Cal- ifornia and other Western States were to be forgotten in the rejolcings over the success of the Washington conference on armaments and the; Far . and a new era of peace on the Pacific ushered in, Congress comes along and, ignoring the usnal international nenities, abrogates ithout conference 1he so-called gentlemen’s agreement” made 1IN conference, insists on discriminating race treatment against Japan alone. refuses 1o consider Japan's offer 1o make any reasonable adjustment de-| «ired by the United Staves, either by | treaty or by a change in the “gzen- tlemen’s agreéement,” and, worst of all from Japan's point of view, ig- nores Japan’s international prestige and treats her as negligible. Inasmuch as.Japsn has never ob-| jected” to our limiting Japanese im-| Q. How many butchers are thers in | ®V&r brought to a zoo in migration, ‘but only to our manner of doing it. why hus she made such an ado over what appears to be, after all, a secondary lssue? How Japan Feels. To understand Japan and her feel- ings the American people should keep clear in mind Japan's two high principles or purposes which have animated ail her natfonal and inter- national policies since the ‘“restora- tion” of 68, when the Emperor was restored to temporal power on the ruins of the shogunate. An under- standing of thexe two purpeses is the kev to Japanese history for the past half century—thé period in which | Japan emerged from a feudalism | comparable to Germany when the robber bavons lived in their Rhine castles, and entered upon and finally achieved a civilization that makes her one of the five great powers of the world, measured by any quali- tative standard. Japan's first and fundamental pur- pose was security. Her statesmen saw at the beginning of the new regime that if Japan did not adopt Western ideas she would inevitably suffer the fate of India and certain other peoples and be gobbled up by the great powers of Christendom. Accordingly feudalism was broken up. a constitutional government along Western lines established, the caste tem abolished. and the door of op- portunity opened to all the people. The nobles returned their estates to the crown, which divided them among the people. The Samurai—the old fighting and literary class—in fulfill- ment of the new Bushido—laid down their arms. An army was created with universal manhood service. A navy was begun—weak at first but now the third greatest in the world and superior to any in Japanese waters. Took Over the Dagger. 3ut Japan did not stop there orea, according o Marquis Ito, was the dagger pointed at the heart of Japan.” Japan took the dagger. She also took over after the Russo-Japa- nese war the Manchurian Railroad and made & treaty with China by which it could not be paralleled. Thus the land approach to Japan and the ap- | proach to the land approach was | within Japan’s hands. Japan was now safe from land or sea attack. | Having insured her self-preservation Japan's second great purpose followed She proposed to make herself the aquel of any nation in the arts of peace. In certain personal qualitie of char- acter, the Japanese have no superior. Probably they are not equaled by any people in personal bravery. courtesy. patriotism, alertness, estheticism, thoroughness and self-control. 1In financial, economic, social and domes- tic relations. however, they E decades behind Europe and Amer: Their behind-handedness in material development is undoubtedly due more to the character of the land they i habit than to the centuries of isola- tion through which they lived before Commodore Perry and his American fleet opened Japan to the world in 1839. Japan is a collection of volcanic islands still trembling with daily earthquakes. The area of the empire is about that of the State of California. The arable land is about the size of Maryland. Yet chiefly on the rice zrown on this arable land, plus the fish of the sea, 60,000,00 people live. Offensive War Impossible. Japan could not if she would. and she would not if she could. carr a great offensive war far from home. She will not go to war with us unless attacked. A rat, of course, will fight if cornered by a cat. If she fights it will only be in self-defense. There is not the slightest danger of war be- cause of the Senate’s recent boorish- it It “would ruin Japan econom- ically. The bulk of her foreign trade is with us. and she would surely be defeated if she left her shores to fight. Her statesmen are well aware that America could bufld 20 battle- ships while Japan was building one. Japan is not unlike a woman striv- ing to get into society. She is super- sensitive about her position. We have severelv snubbed her attempts at so- clal recognition. She will neither for- get it nor let any opportunity pass to undo what has been done. It would seem that there ought to be enough ability and golden rule morality in American statesmanship to find a way to heal this breach be- tween Japan and the United States honorably alike to both countries. 1f the future of the world's civilization 18 to center on the Pacific, then there is nothing more important for the welfare of mankind than that the two greatest Pacific powers live together in concord and peace. One hopes that the new Ambassa- dor, whoever he may be, will prove to be a statesman who can lead the way. He has an opportunity such as comes to few men. (Copyright. 1925.) Help Scarce and Food Is Cheap in Florida To the Editor of The Stai Referring to the article that ap- peared in The Star of Sunday last, quoting from a letter written by a lady who recently went to Florida, in which it was stated that Florida is not an in- viting field for those who desire em- ployment, and warning against going there for that purpose, and stating that she paid $20 per week for a room and that “eats” cost about $2 per day in addition to “‘jitney” and other fares, I quote for the information of your readers a statement found on page 14 of the last issue of Industrial Employ- ment Information Bulletin by the United States Department of Labor, which reads: “Florida—The supply of building trades men of all classifications con- tinues below demand in practically all sections of Florida. There is & decid- ed shortage of office help, especially first-class stenographers. The influx of visitors during the Fall and Winter months’ may relieve this situation to some extent. State road work and municipal improvements under way in the various counties comprising this State afford employment to a large volume of skilled and unskilled labor."” ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Where was the first golf chu|does change the k 2 | reproduce a_record started -w. E. H. A. The United States Golf Associa- in the United States? tion says that the earllest authentic record of the first golf club in the United States is found in an adver tisement in the Georgla Gazette of 1 . 1796, when the Savan-| September 2. nah Golf Club, Savannah, Ga., cele brated its anniversary at th Merchants and Planters’ Coffee House. Golf was plaved by members of a res- ularly organized club ir Savannah prior to 1896 and continued for about 30 years, eventually lapsing into a quiet hiatus some time about the year 1850. A bronze tablet in the clubhouse of the present golf club reads: “'Savan- nah. the birthplace of golf America.” Q. How many and New York?--A. H. A. There 4,800 taxicabs and it neys and 420 busses operating in Chi cago. There are 23,235 taxicabs and fitneys and 1,227 husses operating in New York Cit; Q. Who is the present Ambassador to Turkey?—E. W, A. This country is now represented in Turk by a high commissioner, Admiral Mark 1. Bristol holds this position. but is now in this country on leave. axis have Chicazo the United States?—B. W. K. A. There are about 200,000 meat sellers. Q. Who was known as the Shake speare clown’—K. C. B. A. This was a sobriquet bestowed on Daniel Rice, a famous circus clown as- sociated with Adam FKorepaugh for many vears. He was extraordinarily well versed in Shakespeare and his quips and sallies were many times parodies en Shakespeare's quotations. Q. Can you inform me who is the oldest English Roman Catholic”—H. P. A. Miss Elizabéth Underwood Lise is the aldesi. She recently celebrated her 104th birthday. Q. What fruits have small content ™ N, H. A. Among them bananas, currants, pears. Q. Why does one plaver in the game of “curling” sweep the ice in front of the stones?—P. C. A. One player on each side. called acid are melons, blackberries and the ‘skip, ix detailed fo sweep the ice | and keep it clean, so that the siones can run freely. Q. Are salmon caught along Atlantic coast?—L. H. H. A. In the United Statez saimon are rarely seen south of Cape Cod, although formerlv the Hudson and numerous other rivers streams, Q. Does the BPritish =zovernment maintain a bureau like our Philatelic Agency for the sele of stamps?— R. B. L. A. The British embasey the British government does- not maintain an office similar to our Philatelic Stamp Agency: in fact. the United States is reputed to have the only agency of this type. th Q. Does changing the speed at which a phonograph record is played change the key?—F. M. F. A. Increasing or decreasing the speed of the phonograph turntable in | were salmon | that | In order tn n the key in which it was recorded the turniahle must be set at that peint-of speed Q. What do the words “Lock "k on the Irish coat-of-arms mean? C.H They mean A “Be sure.” | Q. Does a hody weigh more at xea |level than at an altitude of 1,000 | teet’—E. C. B. A. The Geological Survey save that | according to the law of gravitation th force of attraction varies inversely ax the square of the distance. A body theregore, weighs slightly less at an altitude of 1.000 feet than it does u1 sea level. Who was chief Department in w. . A. Maj. of staff M iha 19127 l.@ n War w ard Wood suetion punp aciualh suck the water up or does it exhauai the air, causing the outside force the water up?—H. J | _A. The pump exhausts more or | of the air and atmospheric pressure {on the surface of the water outside | forces the water up to fill the vacuum Q. Does ess | Q. How long is the largest snake coun try?—J. H. H | "A. So far as we can ascertain ihe {largest snake exhibited in the New York Zoological Park was one h about ten years ago. This was python from the Malay ~Peninsula weighing 265 pounds and measuring 24 feet in length. At the present tima the Washington Zoo is exhibiting a 25-foot python, but weighing less than | the one mentioned | Q. What is sewer zas?—J. McM I A. Strictly speaking there such thing as sewer gas. The princi pal gases formed by the decomposi | tion of sewage or other organic ma | ter are methane, carbon dioxide. nitrn | #en and sometimes hydrogen sulphide |in varying proportions. Most of the | gases are inodorous. but hvdroger | sulphide even in small quantities is of | tensive. Q. How far does a hee gather a pound of honey?—RB. ¥. B A. It has been estimated that a hes travels 43.776 miles to mather one pound of honey, consisting of 29,184 drops. | What Britain"?—A. W. L. A. Britain is from the Latin | tannia, derived from the name of : | tribe which inhabited the southwes | ern part of the island. the Celtic | known as the Britanni. is the derivat (Our Washingtou information hu reau is looking for a _job—tint o | swering the “questions ahou | you are in doubt. 1t has @ most actire hich and intelligent staff of researchers and_ correspondents. and plenty work is_the thing that most pleascs | them. The bureaw will furnisi | with ezact and definite information on any question you may submit. 1t is able to offer to Star readers iree service of umprccedented scope and value. Send in your inguiry foday and inclose 2 cents in _stamps for return postage. Address The Star Informa- tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. di- rector, Twenty-first and C northacest.) street WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Secretary Kellogg knows the British Communists in their native lair, in consequence of his ambassadorial so. journ at London. That is one of the reasons he lost no time in barring Shapurji Saklatvala, M. P.. from the United States. Mr. Saklatvala, who s one of King George's Tndian sub- | jects, is the first Communist who ever secured election to the House of Com- mons. He is the member for North Battersea, & famous London working- class suburb. long = represented Parliament by the veteran labor leader, John Burns. Mr. Saklatvala was elected last vear at the end of the campaign which restored the Con- servative party, under Premler Stan- ley Baldwin, to power. being the only Communist candidate to pull through. “Red” agitation in Great Britain is virulent and widespread. It is con- ducted in flagrant collusion with Soviet Russia. Secretary Kellozg's uncompromising hostility to Com- munist propaganda in the United States was given vigorous expression when he went to Minnesota with President Coolidge in June. P Representatives of 36 countri cluding the United States, will take part in the conference of the Inter- parliamentary Union at Washinzton: the meeting from which the British Communist has been barred. Sessions will open on October 1, close on Octo- ber 7, and be held in the House of Representatives, at the invitation of the President and Congress. Some of Europe's most distinguished states- men will be delegates. From the German Reichstag former Chancellor Josef Karl Wirth is coming. It was under Chancellor Wirth that the United States and Germany mad peace in 1921. Among the Britis! parliamentarians are Sir Robert Horne, a former cabinet minister; Sir Newton Moore, a former Australian premier. and Sir A. Shirley Benn, an authority on London municipal gov- ernment. Probablv the most inter- asting member of the conference will be M. Edouard Herriot. French prime minister in 1923.1924. Delegatés from parliaments as far afield as Bulgaria, the Dutch East Indies, Japan. Lith- uania, Peru and Venezuela will be in attendance. * ok ¥ % Dr. Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior, belies the name of the de- partment which he heads as far as keeping a wide open establishment is concerned. He is the only cabinet officer in Washington the doors of whose office always stand ajar. If it serves a caller’s convenience, he can gain the secretarial presence through Dr. Work’s “administrative assistant,” whose door is also open. But there’s nothing to prevent a visitor from stalking right in to the Secretary’s desk. if he wants to. Inci- dentally, Dr. Work inhabits the most luxurious Government office extant. 1t is the one designed by the late Franklin K. Lane when. under his Regarding the statement of the lady I dare say ‘that perhaps shé might have found a room at a higher price or she might have found a less éxpensive one, depending, of course, upon her in- clination. As for “eats.” I dare say the cost of such everywhere depend on the appetite as well as the finances of each individual. Two dollars per day seems very reasonable if one eats three square meals at a first-class res- taurant or private home. It is true, however, that the climate of Florida does create a desire for food which in turn strengthens the body and mind. Let it be understood that I am not defending any person or persons in Florida who may be charging exorbi- tant rents or prices for necessities, nor do I defend those who do the like in ‘Washington or elsewhere. . As 1o how long the "boom.’ will last I qupte the following from-.a wi knowh authority: ““The development of Fiorida ‘\Nll continue 80 long as the sun shines, the birds sing and the children play W. L. HILL. A in | | auspices, the magnificent Interior Do | partment building was .erected large portrait of Linceln, evidentlx inspiration purposes. is above Dr. Work’s desk | * x x x | _All doubt as to whether President | Coolidze will be in close touch w | the aircraft inquiry is_abolished | the election of Dwight W. M { chairman of the board. Mr. comes about as near being Calvin | Coolidge’s bosom friend as anybod: alive. “There’s only a vear's d | in their ages. They got their & | of art degrees together at Amhe in 1885. It was Morrow who. 30 veai< ago. In a class vote picked Coolidza | as the '95 man Who would go farthest in the world he and his college m were about to enter. Yrank Stearns has beén the Presiden political father-confessor for the he; ter part of a generation. But Dwigh Morrow has been Mr. Coplidge’s friend of the sort that only college com radeships create and cherish. * x x ¥ Edwin E. Slosson, editor of Service and author of half a dozen popular works on scientific subjeci< tells this observer that the theory of “‘a flat earth” is making astounding progress through the gullible Ame ican universe. "Its archpriest is Dr Wilbur G. Voliva, successor of Ti Dowie as ‘‘general overseer” of the “Christian Catholic Church” at Zion City, 11l Zion City operates a high powered broadcasting station and flat earth doctrine is propagated vigor ously over its radio wave length. D: Slosson, who makes his headquarters | at the Academy of Sclences in Wash- ington, visited Colorado during the Summer. There he heard of a school board that refused to. voite funds for globes for the teaching.of geograpin The members tune in om Zion City and have come to the conclusion that the earth is not round * x ¥ x One of America’s veally remarkable public servants, Rear Admiral Mark L. Bristol. American hizh comn: sioner 1o Turkey. is now in Washing ton acquainting the Government with Near Eastern conditions. He has becn on duty at Constantinonle uninterrup jedly since January, 1919. This is hi first visit to the United States in that long interval. Soon after the armi stice Bristol was placed in charge of American naval forces at the Golden 1Horn, and seven or eight montns later became high commissioner, with the rank of an ambassador. He has been a forceful figure throughout the in- tervening crises in Turkish affairs, and is now an eminent authority on | Near Eastern questions. At times, in jaddition to being an admiral and an ambassador, Bristol has been the rep- resentative of the United States Ship- {ping Board, the American Red Cross, the Near East Relief and four or five other agencies, official and private. He lexpects to be on leave in this couniry juntil next Winter. One of our emis saries at Lausanne, the Senate will probably.want to hear from Admiral Bristol when the Turkish treaty is up. * ¥ ok ok The Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Seminole Indians are the next thing Uncle Sam jntends to in |vestigate. They cemprise the “Five Civilized Tribes” of® Oklahoma. The board of Indlan commissioners has becn asked by the Secretary of the In- terior to look them over. .The inquiry, which will begin at Muskogee on Oc: tober 7, is the result of a number of communications presented to President Coolidge by the Oklahoma Senators. These communications contain certain affirmations regarding the administra. tion of Indian affairs by Commissioner Charles H. Burke and the superintend. ent of the “Five Civilized Tribe Shade E. Wallen. The Indian boarc members who will visit Oklahoma in- clude the chalrman, George Vaux. jr., of Philadeiphia; Maj, Frank Knox ot New Hampshire and Malcolm McDow- ell, secretary. They expect to spend seven waeks on their inquiry. (Coperizht. 1925.) g ]