Evening Star Newspaper, September 15, 1925, Page 2

2 * STREETSNOT BUILT FORHEAVY TRUCKS FACE HARD WINTER Saving in Transportation on Big Loads Should Go | to Upkeep. : OLD PAVING CRUMBLES FAST UNDER HAMMERING | Cold Weather Repair Delay Wreaks | Havoc With All Surfaces l | higher w THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, PROHIBITION MIXED ' BLESSING, COUNCIL OF CHURCHES FINDS Benefits Apparent in First Two Years Not Maintain- ed, Survey Shows—Death Toll Mounting—Doubt Thrown on Cause of Prosperity of Masses. Prohibition appea Amerfca economically. There was a physical improvement notable in the first two years which is not maintaining ftself. These are the cautious conclusions to be drawn from teday's release of the prohibition study, made by the Federal Counchl of Chfrches. Savings bank deposits have in- creased. There is better morale in in. dustry. On the other hand, the ma jority of the business leaders who re- turned answers to questionnaires do not like prohibition. aceounts to have helped zes and the various thrift campaigns, including the Liberty Loan drives. The death rate from alcoholism and | allied diseases dropped sharply during for Roads. H BY WILL P. KENNEDY. This is the @rticles on the ington's streets. pear tomorrow. ond of a series of on of Wash $hird wild ap- The 1s the condition ipally used, worn as shown in this series the Bad a1 of many ¢ 1 deplorable ou - today o tail P worst is First artiele in every Wi period when street suspended. when the constant, must have to there comes a must be receive attention they them from de- teriorating, and this happens just at the time when such “outlaw” streets, by the very nature of their construe- tion, will d ate most rapidly econd, heavy trucks are tearing a very large fraction of our streets and alleys to pieces, especially where new and big buiiding developments are underway, and our streets were never built to carry loads that have recently been made lawful, it is in- evitable that they will break down with increasing rapidity er repairs they cannot da pep Cannot Skip Repairs. Here i ple story of our poor streets the asphalt and bi- tuminous pavements—some 200 miles, or about 3300006 square yards, or almost one-half of all our street sur- | Tace, most of which are from 20 to 40 years old—have to be constantly main- tained to save them from breaking up. Those in charge of patching them up cannot skip a single month, without the full area deteriorating. But there comes a period each Win- ter when this patching work is held partially because the streets are red with snow and ice, partially because the condition of traffic is such that the materials to make the repairs | cannot be hauled. Our highway en- gineers try to shorten that period as nuch as possible by working as late | as they can and by resuming work as 15 they can. Last year there was an unprecedented shutdown, when the asphalt plant was closed for two months. Work was resumed just in time to prevent a very serfous condi tion in the streets There is that other concurrent con-| @ition, which is a very material con sideration when we are studying what can be done to improve the streets of the National Capital. Just at the time that these snow and ice covered as- phalt surfaces are subfect to freezing at night and thawing in the daytime, Decause of the low temperature, the bituminous binder in the asphalt and macadam is'at its minimum strength. Mixing the Cement. Surfacing the top of an asphalt street (of which the city has 3,500,000 square vards) is composed of 90 per cent sand_and 10 per cent asphaltic cement. Now this asphaltic cement can be made softer or harder as de- wired, but here in Washington, where we have probably the widest range in temperature experienced anywhere in the country, it must be carefully done. s0 that when the warm Summer sun shines for a long perfod upon it this binding surface may not become too soft 10 carry traffic. In the case of asphaltic macadam streets (of which we have more than 1,500,000 square vards). too soft a cement makes the surface oily and the cement runs off into the gutter. Extreme care must be exercised to prevent the street sur- face from becoming so plastic and flu. ent under the heat of the sun that it becomes a series of waves and rip- plas, as well as leaving wheel impres #lons, as has happened in many place: The aim is to adjust the bituminous | binder so that it will be ready to stand mot only considerable heat, but quite some cold as well. The action of the cold makes it brittle, so that the street surface would become more likely to crack, crumble and break up under a severe Winter. Forethought and years of experimentation have been directed 1o making the asphaltic material of just that proper constituency that will mnot bumo in the Summer and crack in the Winter. Those in charge of the work have even worked out different mixtures for the material to be used n streets that are exposed to the sun day from the one used on streets | that are shady most of the time. Our old asphaltic pavements get their worst strain during the period when they cannot be kept in repair and when their resistance is lowest. Hammered to Pieces. During warm weather traffic kneads the asphalt and bituminous surfaces and gives them new life; while in the Winter, when the snow and ice are freezing upon them, traffic just plain hammers them to pieces. Right here, however, it should be noted that in the bad condition last Spring t followed the two-month Jayoff on repair work, all of the phalt streets that were 20 vears old, or younger. stood the strain well. The | surface of the older streets was weak- ened because during many years they had lost strength through the gradual evaporation or volatilization of the oil in_the bituminous binder. We have millions of square vards of streets that are subject to this Win- ter damage. It is something that can't be avoided until the old streets are re. placed by new streets. 11 of this is horne out by the reports of the en. F superintendents and foremen last Spring that all the Winter dam age occurred to the streets more than 20 ye: It is doubtful whether 1he cost of the intensive repairs dur- period i{s any greater as- neer ing the Spring than if they had been continuous dur- ing the stop-work period. But if that layoff period lasted more than a month, an extremely serious condl- tion would result. Last Spring the damage was growing fast, and the re. pair gangs got busy just on the dan- ger line. Snow Ruts Damaging. Then, tou, in spite of the protest made by soma road engineers of rec. ognized ability and experience, it is generally recognized that there is a very definite harm done to the roads by a heavy snowstorm, such as we experienced last Winter. It forces travel into ruts, and as the snow | packs down and freezes wé have ridges and spots where the packed and fcy snow rests on the pavement, and other places where the pavement is cleared. The heavy blows of traffic a8 it bumps over or slews off these ridges and ice clots and hammers down on the exposed surfaces must hurt eny street.* This pounding is done mostly by heavy trucks. Congressmen empha- are | two { nounced their decision | pounds per incl {the heavy the first two yvears of the dry regime. It now is on its way up agaln. This does not necessarily indicate more drinking. A death from poison lquor is a death from potsoning and not alco- holism, although statistics often group the two together. The data presented in the study Is allowed to stand for itself, Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, head of the depart- ment of education and research, does not attempt to draw conclusions, al- though he points out frequently the danger of drawing adver: results for whic mostly responsible. In respect to economic results, he points out frankly that in some poorer tenement sections there has been a :h other causes sized the fact that oftentimes heavy logging chains were wound around the wheels of these trucks to help them force their way through the rutted snow. Under such conditions the streets get a pounding strain they were never built to withstand. This brings us quite logically to our second reason why “the worst i3 vet to come” in the wear and tear of our reets—they are going to be fright- fully truck-torn, and it was known by the Commissioners and their advisers Fixed Truck Loads. The District Commissioners, after careful consideration and public hearings and the report of a special | committee made up of District offi cials and representatives of civic or- ganizations, some two yvears ago an- to what is the proper, legal, load for trucks. They fixed this load as one receiv lations the maximum load of 28,000 nounds, of which not more than $0 per cent would be on the rear axle, with a further provision that no tire should be loaded in excess of 800 of width. They fixed this load as one revelv. ing approval throughout the country and favorably regarded by Thomas H. MacDonald, chief of the Bureau of Public Roads, who so testified recently before the Senate investigating com mittee. This maximum legal truck, load in the District is probably greater | than the existing limit in a large num- ber of States, and notably larger than in Maryland, where the limit 1s 20,000 pounds_instead of 28.000. The big consideration that induced the District Commissioners to favor that regulation for weight was that greater economy in transportation woud result from allowing big unit loads. The Commissioners’ thought was confirmed from the experience of the Government fuel yards, where the difference in cost o smaller loads and larger loads was carefully studied, as the best practical example showing actual working conditions in the Na tional Capital. Recognized Harm. The Commissioners recognized that the 28,000-truck load would be harm- ful to a very large percentage of our pavements. They concluded that a saving in transportation cost—which they figured is a saving bound to come to the consumer — would be greater than the Increased cost of re- pairing the roadways. Their attention was directed to the analogy of the experience of our great railroads. The cars are con- stantly being made larger, rails stronger and engines heavier in a pro- gram of transportation _economy through larger unit loads. They have done this even at the expense of re- building grades, putting in stronger roadbeds, relaying tracks and rebuild- ing bridges. They went to such heavy expense just to reduce trans. portation cost. That having been decided — that there is an economy in transportation by heavy truck loads at the expense of street repairs, but greater than the cost of repairs—in common justics it must be recognized that at least part of this saving must go into larger appropriations for street remair work. If not, the streets will break down—and if there are not streets strong enough to bear the weight of trucks, the trucks can’t run, or will get stuck in a rut—and then where is the saving. after all? Here's something else that must be considered. The District is pecullarly constituted in regard to the trans- portation of loads of maximum weight. Other States might to a large extent, and actually do, establish regulations for & maximum truck load on primary roads, and a lesser maximum on sec- ondary roads. But the condition of our traffic is such that it is an illusion to try to attempt this. Our truck loads here in Washington must pass from the source of supply, whether it be the yards of a dealer, or a railroad sid- ing, or a sand pit, direct to the con- sumer at a bullding operation or de- livering a load of coal to the individual householder. In order to make such trip the heavy truck load must pass over our primary roads and then to roads of inferior strength and even into an alley, paved or unpaved. Much, If not most, of this street surface was never designed to carry such a load. So we have thus “set up” the ad. visability of a 28,000-pound truck load and the fact that the nature of our raffic is such that nearly every truck load must pass over streets that can carry it and more roads that cannot carry it, which makes the problem of maintenance one of increasing im- portance under the new, legal truck load. This condition means that our streets are going to be torn to pleces Ly the trucks, and that they must be rebult the sooner and with stronger foundation. The larger bank | an in part be explained by fulse econclustons. | attributing to prohibition benefits or | vears ago that this would happen. | financial improvement very marked indeed. It has resulted in high-priced automobiles standing before rows of |squalid tenements. Thege is no ques- t but that bootleggers have pros- pered, whatever may have been the |fate of their neighbors. | In his health statistics Rev. John- son relies more on deaths from Cir- rhosis of the liver than trom alco- holism. These are due to prolonged drinking rather than to a single spree on poison liquor. lere he finds that the upgrade curve in the past two vears has not been so marked. Rev. Johnson says: { “Much has been said of the falling | death rate during the last few vears as an evidence of the effect of prohi- bition. It is true that this decline and the incrensed expectation of life have greatly impressed insurance ac- tuaries, but one cannot with certainty assign to the prohibition regime more than a moderate influence in bringing about the reduction. The trend dow has been distinctly greater Metropolitan Life Insur- industrial policy holders fhan in the country as a whole, and | among these Intemperance is presum- ! {ably a much less prominent factor. | The company £ain to health education, and there is reason to belwve that the same cause | has operated on a large scale through | out the country. One of the authori- |ties consulted in this connection points | out that similar improvement has oc- | curred in countries where prohibition | has not been attempted. | “It is probable, however, that wher- | ever there has been an improvement in economic status, a feature of the prohibition regime which we shall presently notice, the tendency is to- ward a higher standard of lving and thus, naturally, toward improved health and increasing longevity. Doubts Savings Argument. “We come now to the economic re- sults of prohibition, concerning which it must be sald that they are among the most significant in the series and vet the hardest to measure. Probably | no careful observer will say that the abolition of the saloon has not ef- fected a very substantial ameliora- class. The virtual stoppage of beer | drinking alone on the part of millions | of workingmen might be assumed, even without any considerable evidence, to have had a profound effect on the economic status of their families. At the same time the appeal to specific economic data—increased business ac | tivity, growing bank deposits, etc.—to prove the effects of prohibition must | be made very guardedly. All attempts | to measure this increase in quantita- tive terms are fraught wiht danger be- cause of the great increase in pros. perity since 1921, due to other causes. | The "argument ‘most frequently ad- | vanced is that the continuing increase | of savings bank deposits in 1920-21 as compared, e. g., with 1913-14, the next preceding period of depression, indi- cates a marked increase In saving | due to prohibition. The outlawing of the liquor trafic must indeed have been an influentlal factor here, but the fact remains that savings deposits as reported by the American Bankers' Association show a fairly continuous movement since 1918, while, # allow- ance be made for wage advances in 11920 and 1921 on account of the in- creased cost of iiving, it is doubtful it any great change can be shown statis tically. “In addition to the Increase in money wages we must consider the | extensive thrift campaigns carried on throughout the country resulting in larger savings and a larger number of savers; the popularizing of con- servative investments and the tend ency in periods of depression to put money in the bank rather than to buy securities on a falling market; the re- lease of savings for deposit when the liberty loan campaigns ceased: in crease in money circulation during the “inflation” period, and other, more technical considerations. But it would be idle to dispute the assumption that prohibition has been a factor, and an important one, in keeping savings de posits on a high level. Improvement in premium collections from industrial life insurance policyholders points in the same direction. The disappear- ance of the saloon and the ‘treating habit' has undoubtedly been & great material boon to the American work ingman. Business Leaders Vote “Wet." “Good authority can also be found for the statement that industry has profited very materially through heightened morale. Were it not for the fact that prohibition has become for personal and political reasons so explosive an issue we should very likely before this time'have been able to secure an adequate study of its economic effects. Organizations of business men and employers seem to be afraid to take up the question for study because it is so highly contro. versial. “It is noteworthy that a question- naire sent as part of this Investiga- tion to a thousand or more business men, directors in important corpora- tions selected at random, asking for their verdict as business men upon prohibition, yielded a predominantly ‘wet' result—not, apparently, so much because of observed effects upon busi- ness or industry as because of strong personal prejudice and dissatisfaction with the social and political resuits of prohibition as they saw them.” DEBT ENVOY OF RUMANIA FOR HONEST SETTLEMENT v Says His Country’s Policy Favors Respect for Its International Obligations. By the Associated Press. v GENEVA, September 15.—M. Titu- lesco, Rumanian Minister to Great Britain, who probably will head the Rumanian debt mission to the United States, sald today that his country approved the American policy regard. ing war debts—a policy founded on the moral idea of respect for inter- national engagements. We mean to pay our debts to America honestly,” he said, ‘only asking that our capacity for payment What Washington Streets Are Costing Appropriations made by Congress for streets in the National Cap- ital during the last six years show the growing cost, the total having increased nearly a million dollars in that period. Counting repayments under Borland amendment assessments and repairs on cut-ins for water, sewer, electric lights, etc., we are now paying annually more than $3,500,000 for streets in the National Capital. The appropriations were as follows: 1021, 3$285.000 a 1922. Assessment_and permit work $285.000 Paving _roadways linder " permit asatem Paving and grad- ing specific areas ... Paving and grad- specific 144,840 TnE areas (gasoline R A S S (R Grading streets, aileys and Foads Repairs of stree B roade o 50.000 575,000 250.000 35.000 575,000 250.000 $250,000 1023. 1924, $285.000 19265. $300,000 1926. $208.000 50,000 50,000 45.000 45,000 233,500 573,300 605850 389.750 925,000 812,000 35,000 50,000 275.000 52,700 800,000 297.500 50.000 600000 275.000 38.000 460,000 235.000 Total . 1,754,200 $1,289,840 $1,253.600 $1.768,300 12,800,650 $2,704.550 atiributes much of the | tion of large numbers of the working | RETURN OF WEEKS STILL IS DOUBTFUL Secretary Not Expected to Be Able to Go to Work Any Time Soon. - y Though private reports received here indicate that Secretary Weeks is steadily recuperating at his Sum- mer home near Lancaster, N. H. from the attack of thrombosis which prostrated him in this city several months ago, the impression prevails at the War Department that he may not of the business of the for some time to come. President Coolidge aipl Secretary Weeks ex- changed visits during the former's vacation at Swampscott, and it was understood between them that Mr. ‘Weeks would resume his officlal duties in this city during the month of Sep- tember, if his condition continued to improve. Since then no word has reached the War Department as to Mr. Weeks' plans, beyond an intimation from a friend that the Secretary would probably remain at Lancaster { until the first of October. What may be taken as an indication that Secre- tary \WWeeks has not yet recovered his normal health is the fact that he has not been troubled with officfal busi- ness of any kind during his conva lescence, despite the important 1 ture of some of the problems recently before the department, in which he had shown great personal interest. For instance, all questions that have arisen respecting next vear's budget for the Army, as well as those respect- ing the Air Service controversy, in- cluding the possible arraljgnment of | Col. William Mitchell on charges of in- | subordination, have been purposely ! withheld from Mr. Weeks out of con- sideration for his health. | “Action was finally taken on all these matters by Col. Dwight Davis, the As- sistant Secretary, after consultation with his officlal associates, including Malj. 3en. Hines, chief of staff, and bureau chiefs. Though Secretary Weeks was not consulted In the vari- ous matters disposed of, nothing was done that was not in direct line with his well known policies in the adminis- tration of the military establishment. General rumors continue to the ef- fect that Secretary Weeks will resign from President Coolidge’s cabinet in the near future and that Assistant Secretary Davis will be promoted to the vacancy, but are impossible of veri- fication at this time in the silence of those likely to be informed. PHONE CALLS USED ASRUMTESTIMONY Records of Service From Baltimore Concern to Local Men Introduced. department Special Dispatch to The Star. BALTIMORE, Md., September 15.— Attempting to show the connection of Winfield Jones, N. T. Jones, M. H. {Caro, Isadore Glassner and Simon Kellner with the Maryiand Drug and { Chemical Co. of Baltimore, charged | with the illegal diversion of alcohol, United States Attorney Amos W Woodcock introduced as testimon this morning in United States District Court records of long-distance calls made by employes of the company to the defendants’ homes in Washington. Stephen B. Manly, a divisional super- intendent of the C. & P. Telephone Co., was placed on the stand and checked up the calls between the Baltimore office and the homes of the defendants almost daily. The records showed that the calls had been placed for Winfield Jones at 4241 Sixtenth street; N. T. Jones at the Washington Hotel: Simon Kelner at 734 Rock Creek Church road; M. L. Caro, 3100 Connecticut avenue, and the Caro Flavoring Co., 610 Pennsylvania avenue. Calls for other Washingtonians also were recorded. Objects to Testimony. Attorney Robert H. McNeill, coun. sel for the Joneses, objected to the admission of this testimony, but his objection was overruled, and he noted an exception. The Ace Barbers' Supply Co. and the Caro Flavoring Co. of Washington were two of the principal “covering” plants of the Drug and Chemical Co. according to the testimony late yes. terday of Mrs. Eva M. Engiing, em. ployed as bookkeeper by the firm until the place was raided by Federal Pro- hibition agents last March Mrs. Engling, who was granted im- munity by the Government for testi- fying before the Feceral grand jury which indicted the Jcneses, Caro, Tsa- dore Glassner and Kelner. all of Wash- ington, and Jesse N. Baker, Charles Baker and William Cohen of Balti- more, alleged owners of the company, on charges of conspiring to sell spe. clally denatured alcohol for use in the manufacture of liquor, said tha: when any large amounts of aicohol were s0ld she was instructed to charge dou- ble the amount of gallons to either of the Washington firms as bay rum. Says Case Was Belittled. Mrs. Engling testifled that she was first hired by Cohen, who, with the Baker brothers, have pleaded pullty, and later when the business taken over by the Jones brothe:s her salary was raised to $50 a weei. identified both the Jones and they claimed to have great in.'uence in ‘Washington; thet the case would not amount to anything and that they would see that she was protected. According to the books of the com- pany, which Mrs. Engling said were mostly fictitious, the company with- drew about 105 barrels of alcohol a month for the seven months previous to the raid, of which only two or three barrels were used in the manufacture of hair tonics, bay rum and other preparations. The rest of the alcohol, Mrs. Engling testif ed, was disposed of. PATROLMAVN AND BANDIT KILLED IN PISTOL BATTLE Motor Cycle Policeman, Off Duty, Attempts Capture of Four Who Held Up Roadside Inn. By the Associated Press. ALBANY, N. Y, September 15.— Frank A. Quinlivan of Schenectady, a motor cycle patroiman, and Ralph J. Abersano of Mamaroneck, N. Y., al- leged hold-up man, were Kkilled early today in a pistol duel at Colonie Inn, on the Albany-Schenectady road. ‘The shooting foliowed a hold-up at a roadhouse in South Schenectady. Four men robbed 20 persons of about $700. ‘The proprietor called Quinlivan, who 'was off duty, and the patrolmnan traced the gang to the Colonie Inn. When Quinlivan entered with revolver drawn he saw four men seated at a table. Abersano pulle dhis gun and the two engaged in a duel. About nine shots ‘were fired. -Abersano fell first. be able to resume active charge | TEACHER SHORTAGE INDISTRICT ENDED Schools Have Surplus of Qualified Eligibles for First Time Since War. Instead of a shortage of qualified teachers, a situation which has been a nightmare to school officials pre- ceding every new school year since the war thls year finds the schools pre- pared to begin another term with an oversupply. With only a few vacan- cies to fill, there are more than 125 eligible teachers, including the entire June graduating class of the Wilson Normal School, clamoring for these positions. Indeed, finding places for these teachers, whose names are listed as eligibles, has become almost as serious & problem as that during the post-war period, when a frantic cry was broad- cast for persons to take the teacher- less classes. Some idea of the condi- tion now existing due to the excess of qualified teachers' was given today in an annountement by the officials that certainly not more than 10 members of the Normal School graduating class of last June would be appointed be. fore October 1. There are G5 mem- bers in the June class, as compared with 63 last vear. Every graduate of | last year's class had been assigned to a teaching position by October 1 New List Must Wait. The eligible list of those qualified to teach through examinations, which contained 57 names last year, also was depleted soon after the beginning of the new term, but the new list created as a result of the examinations in May probably will not be drawn from for months, officlals indicated. A number of factors, it was explain- ed, have contributed to the unusual teacher situation this year. Foremost is the fact that the resignations dur- ing the Summer have been far less than in preceding vears, the increased salary provided in the Keller bill hold- ing those teachers now in the service. The vacancies also are less numerous this vear because of the policy adopted last year in making but few temporary appointments. The temporary ap- pointment was one of the expedients for filling vacancies during the teacher shortage, and resulted in putting into the school service teachers, not up to the high standard of teaching ability now required in the District. By raising the standards of teach- ing requirements, Supt. Frank W, Ballou has weeded virtually all of the incompetents out of the system. All temporary teachers were given exam- inations. Those who passed were re- tained in the service, and those who failed, and they were in the majority, were shunted out of the system. Regulars on Leave Back. Two other factors also have con- tributed largely to this vear's over suppl One is due to the unusually large number of regular teachers who have been on leave of absences and who have applied for reinstatement The other comes as a result of certain adjustments in the school organiza- tion, whereby eight teachers, six at | the Thomson School and two at the Seaton lost their classes through transfers to the junior high schools. These eight teachers have been as- signed to fill vacancies in other schools, while sixteen to be reinstated at the expiration of the leave of ab- sences will flll other gaps in the teaching personnel. The board of education had adopted a very definite policy regarding the appointment of teachers which as- sures those returning from leave of absences priority over all other eligi bles. The Normal Schol graduates are next drawn, while those on the eligible list created by the examina- tlons must wait until every Normal Schol girl has been given an ap- polntment. School officials plan to fill all va- cancies in the teaching corps tomor- row when the school board holds its final meeting before the beginning of the new term. PRESIDENT-TO GIVE AIR BOARD WIDEST POWERS IN PROBE (Continued from First Page.) data gathered in the survey to the President’s aircraft board. The survey will be completed about November 1. The Commerce Secretary made it plain that his department is interested in aircraft only in its relation to the general problem of commercial avia- tion development, and indtcated that the department would have nothing to_do with the Mitchell charges. “We are anxious to see an upbuild- ing of a commercial aviation system in the United States,” Mr. Hoover satd. “Gesture” to Stop Probe. Senator King of Utah, a Demo- cratic member of the Senate naval committee, today characterized the President’s action in appointing the commission as a ‘“‘gesture” to stop efforts for an inquiry by Congress, which he said would be carried through at the approaching session. The Utah Senator sought at the last session to have a Senate investi- gation of the Navy Department. He now seeks inquiry by a special con- gressional committee rather than a joint naval committee. COMMANDER OF PN-9, 3, HITS MITCHELL CHARGES Denounces Allegation of “‘Swivel Chair” Direction of U. §. Mili- tary and Naval Aviation. FRESNO, Calif., September 14 (#). —Denying Col. Willlam Mitchell's charges of inefficlency and ‘“‘swivel chair” direction of the United States military and naval aviation forces, Lieut. A. P. Snody, commander of the PN-9 No. 3, which was forced down at sea on the recent Hawalian flight, yesterday characterized Mitchell's statements as a part of the pre-Con- gress move toward consolidation of the military and naval air forces. “Col. Mitchell's charges that mili- tary and naval aviators are forced by their superiors to take unneces- sary risks by fiying In obsolete ships and without regard to weather or other conditions, are not based upon fact. “Commander Zachary Lansdowne of the Shenandoah was my personal friend and I know he would have had not the slightest compunction at re- fusing to take his ship out if he thought the lives of his men and the safety of his ship would have been jeopardized by such a trip. “The Shenandoah and the PN-9 ships were the finest and safest that could have been made and I am satis- fied that it was not any fault in the construction of the ship that caused thhe Shenandoah disaster, as I know it was no fault of the ships that the PN-§ No. 1 and PN-9 No. 3 failed to reach Hawall as planned. “I am satisfied that the Shenandoah was wrecked by the storm which struck her unexpected) ‘Ten million tons of coal are in stor- age in Germany this season. - TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1925 FIREPLACE ONLY LIVING ROOM FEATURE MISSING IN NEW BUS De Luxe Line, Chevy Chase to Union ¢ tation, Reveals Every Comfort—Dashing Young Driver Garbed as Aviation Attache. Replete with luxurious equipment, the Capital Traction Co.'s much- heralded Chevy Chase de luxe bus— that is, er, pardon us, coach line— made an impressive debut here today. The new line cut a swath through Washington's fashionable sections | that met the fondest hopes of its| backers. Not that the coaches were crowded with admirers; they won't allow crowding on them, anyway.! But such departures from the ordi- nary as smoking compartments for | gentlemen and presumably also ladies, | reed armchairs with cushioned seats | and head rests, individual mirrors for milady’s finishing touches and simi- lar ultra-refinements compelled ad- miration. Apparently it was conceded that the admission standard to such motor-carriages should be notably higher than for mere busses. One silver quarter was the tax exacted. An ordinary reporter for this paper was somewhat abashed this morning when informed that he was to have the honor of attending the debut of the coaches. He had not prepared for such an occasion. As he halted at one of the impressive “‘coach stop” signs at the Union Station terminus he dust- ed his oxfords discreetly, straightened his tie, slicked down his hair. made certain his quarter | waited, with trepidation Causes Heart Flutter. Presently a flutter of his heart told him a coach was approaching. He breathed heavily. The sylphlike motor carriage, resplendent in the morning sun, glided to its dock in the plaza with scarcely a murmur. A broad door SWung open, he found himself mount- ing the steps and in @ front seat. His eyes met a shining brass plate prominently mounted on the dash- board. It was framed in nickel. The { sign bore the words: “Operator, Mr. | D: B. Hales." Below were instruction that the “exact fare, one quarter, should be deposited in the fare box. The fare was deposited. Mr. Hales nodded almost imper- (ceptibly, just as a well bred, dignified operator “should nod. The sign was right. Mr. Hales was not a driver; he was an operator. He looked like a dashing naval aviator. His uniform was of forestry green whipcord, with 1 gold buttons. his limbs. His cap resembled an avia- tor's. One caught one's self looking for the wings on his chest The reporter, aware that he was the only passenger, ventured to engage in |conversation with the operator. “Nice busses,” he remarked “They're nice coaches, all right,’ Hales corrected. “Many passengers so far ued. many. Mr. the re I've only made two Leather puttees graced | | trips.” the operator replied. “Two cus- |tomers on the first trip and seven on the second.” The reporter looked around him | There was littie to be desired in the |way of conveniences. The individual chairs were roomy and soft, with high {backs. ~ Nickeled trimmings shone everywhere. The woodwork was done in walnut with that dull-rubbed finish so much in demand nowadays. At ach window was a palr of brown ruf fled curtains, hung on horizontal nick- eled bars and neatly tucked to each side with little straps. The curtains may easily be drawn together when one wishes; when, for instance, the sun shines in one's eyes No straps or rails for “strap-hang- ers” were suspended overhead. There will be no standing up in the Chevy Chase de luxe coaches. To stand is not de luxe. About two-thirds of the way back is a partition of wood and plate glass, through which one enters by a swing- ing door into the smoking compart- ment. Here the atmosphere is more “clubby,” and double seats are provid- ed. Oniy a fireplace and a bookcase are needed to complete the picture. Somebody forgot the magazine, too, and no newspapers were there. Fright tully careless There are no signe in_the smoking room regarding the use thereof, 50 the | gentlemen are welcome. Pipes are not tahoo, either. ‘ Almost before the reporter knew it the coach had pulled up at Chev: Chase Circle. He had been the only passenger, except for one young man who rode part of the way along Con- necticut avenue. . Chauffeur Sapient Looking. At the terminus he dismounted with an_ exalted air, and decided to take a different coach back to vary his ex- periences. In a short time he was en route to the city, escorted by another splendidly-attired operator. This gen- tleman was even more imposing in a | pearance, if possible, than the estim: ble Mr. Hales had been. He looked erudite. It was but natural that the reporter, in his spirit of camaraderie, should turn to discussing the income | tax with the operator. “Is it your opinion,” the newspaper than Legan, “that the Federal Govern- ment has the general power to lay a tax upon income derived from securi- ties issued by States or political sub- divisions thereof? “Whassat? Oh, I didn’t pay any last year. Say, lookut that guy speedin’. Where'd y'say yuh wanted to get off?" he rejoined. “Right here, Mack,” the reporter answered in a crestfallen tone. FRANGE PLANS NEW * DRIVE ON RIFFIANS | Large Scale Operations to Quell Rebel Tribes to Be Started Soon. By the Associated Press PARIS, September 15.—France is preparing for fresh operations on a {large scale against the Rifflan rebels |n Moroeco, Premier Painleve told the newspapermen meeting. He is very much satisfied | with the progress being made, and i hopes all the objectives will be gained during October. Young soldiers whose military serv- ice terms are finished while they are on duty in Morocce will not be kept under the colors, but will be released when their terms expire, he made known. The premier also announced that the Chamber of Deputies would be convoked month, possibly on October 27. M. Painleve has telegraphed Mar- shal Petain the government's con. gratulations and gratitude for the im portant successes gained during the preliminary operations against Abd- “The courage, energy and self-denial {shown by all the officers and troops are sure guarantee of success in the work of the pacification of northern Africa,” the premier wrote. ANISH HEROES FETED. Little Band That Held Fort Given Big Ovation. TETUAN. Spanish Morocco, Sep- tember 15 (#).—The heroes of the Spanish post at Kudia Tahar, who were relieved yesterday after having been besieged by the Rifflan tribes. men for elx days, have arrived here. The garrison of 22 Catalonians for six days and nights fought off inces- sant attacks by hundreds of rebel tribesmen until rellef arrived. The commander of the garrison and five privates were killed during the fight- ing. Four others of the little band were wounded One hundred and fifty rebels are reported to have been killed by the Spaniards, and the columh which re- lieved the post took about 100 Moors prisoners. No &hots were fired by withdrawn to other parts of the front. | Gen. Primo de Rivera, the Spanish commander-in-chief, embraced each of the 12 survivors in the name of the Spanish nation for what he termed their brave conduct in the defense of the post, an important link in the Spanish 'line, thus preventing the rebels from breaking through to Te- tuan itself. ‘When the survivors of Kudia Tahar arrived in Tetuan they were carried on the shoulders of comrades-in-arms through streets lined with people to the Franciscan Church, where a sol emn Te Deum wus sung. Gen. Primo de Rivera in an official statement says that 3.000 rebels, well armed with cannon and machine guns, attacked the Tetuan sector for 10 days, but without being able to weak- en the front. He ascribed this fact more to the bravery of the Spanish forces than to the strensth of the de- fenses. MUSIC MAY CUT CRIME. Chicago Studies Plan of Melody Keeping People Out of Trouble. CHICAGO, September 15 ®).— Music instead of the police force to maintain peace in the community is planned by Chicago. g Mayor Dever has started an in- vestigation of musical means em- ployed in KEuropean cities to keep people happy and out of trouble. “Civic musical centers could be pro- vided by the city with great bene- fit,” he said. “Opera stars and others would, I belleve, be willing to donate their services. It is better to spend money for such places than for policemen, courts and jails.” after today's cabinet | toward the end of next | el-Krim's rebels. | ™ the relief forces, the rebels having | WORLD ECONOMIC France Submits Resolution Asking League Call Session as Peace Move. | i By the Asso: GENEVA, 15.—A reso. lution favoring the convocation of an | international economic conference was |introduced in the assembly of the | League of Nations today by Louis Loucheur, speaking for Franc The French resolution states that the league assembly resolved to try every method to promote peace and, convinced that economic peace will contribute largely to the general se- | curity, invites the League Council to | 2ppoint & committee to prepare for a | conterence, with the collaboration of the league's technical organizations and the International Labor Bureau, to study ‘“the economic differences | standing in the way of a restoration |of general property and the best meth- ods of surmounting those difficulties |and avolding disputes.” Defines Conference Object. Loucheur said the conference {need not be a large one or need mnot |result in drawing up a series of draft | conventions: it might simply lay down several general principles. In his speech he referred to the growth of “‘economic nationalism™ since the war, resulting in the erection of tariff walls and other barrfers. He reviewed the league’s work in ef: fecting monetary stability, saying its progress In restoring Austria and Hungary financlally had blazed the trail for the conference now proposed oy France. He warned against too vast a program, saving, however, that it would be desirable to frame an lagreement assuring equilibrium of con. sumption and production. With the dispute between Great Britain and Turkey over the Mosul area still unsettled, the British dele- gation today protested to the league council that Turkish troops have been encircling Christian villages in Mosul and deporting the Christian inhabit- ants to Turkey. A large number escaped. taking ref- uge in the British mandate state of Irak, to which. Great Britain contends, Mosul rightfully belongs. Raoul Fernandes, Brazilian jurist, in an address to the assembly defend ed the Geneva protocol, explaining that regional Eyropean security pacts were insufficlent for Latin America, which was more interested in intercontinen- tal pacts. Angel Morales, former Dominican foreign minister, sald his country earnestly looked forward to solution of its frontier problem with Haiti by ar- | bitration. e 20,000 Strike in India. BOMBAY, British India, September 156 (#).—Twenty thousand operatives employed in 12 mills went on strike today in protest against wage reduc- tions. Crowds of strikers stoned the mills, and armed police are patrolling the quarters. Cl:nd Child Taken. WOODBRIDGE, Ontario, September 15 UP).—The 12-year-old #on of County Constable Caplan was lidnaped last night while the constable was visiting a neighbor. Caplan left the boy in his automobile. Both the machine and the boy disappeared. Scores Military Training. CHEYENNE, Wyo.. September 15 |(#).—The Wyoming Methodist Episo- |pal Conference last night went on rec- lord as opposing the citizens' military |training camps, compulsory military training at the University of Wyoming and military training in high schools. Abolition of National Defense day also was advocated. et Coolidge Opens Bakers’ Meeting. President Coolidge pressed a button at the White House today officially opening the exposition of the American Bakers’ Association at Buffalo. | presumption is that ladies as well as | PAREY IS RGED THREE CARDINALS 10 CONFER HERE Princes ¢f Church Will Con- sider Enlarging American College at Rome. The building of & new American col lege at Rome will be the prineipal question before the American hier. archy of the Catholic Church, who will n their annual meeting at Catholic University tomorrow. | This wiil be brought to the attention of the assembled archbishops and bishops by Cardinal O'Connell of Bos ton, the senior American cardinal, who will preside. The present college has become inadequate. Land for a new bullding has heen obtained on a hill Just back of St. Peter's, but funds are not at present avallable to butld priests training for special work as professors, chancellors and vicars ger. eral. Mgr. Burke, the present rector will be present to explain the project Cardinal O'Connell was rector of tha college from 1895 to 1901, when he was consecrated bishop of Portland From 50 to €0 archbishops and bishops will attend the meeting. Most of them were in Washington todas | for the annual meeting of the trustees |of Catholic University in Caldwell {Hall. at which various proposed | changes in the constitution of the i stitution were dealt with. Three Cardinals to Cardinal O both meetings Cardinals Hayes Mundeletn of Chicago present. Cardinal O’Connell, accon panied by his secretary, Mgr. Richard J. Haberlein, arrived in Washington r and is a guest of the House of Studies of the Oblate Fathers in Brookland. The cardinal and his secretary will be luncheon guests of President and Mrs. Coolidge at the White House tomorrow Among the other questions to come before the hi rchy tomorro wiil be how best to obtain and distribute funds to improve and the home missions, especially for welfare work among the negroes and Indians and in poorer parishes Cardinal O'Connell today paid a tri ute to President Coolidge, with whom he previously has been acquainted as Governor of Massachusetts It is evident from the feeling where,” said Cardinal O'Connell, “that President Coolidge has won the cor fidence of all the Nation. His sob of speech, his modesty in point of view his well balanced judgment in civic af fairs, has won the trust of the people I believe Can Talk When Necessary. It anybody thought that beeause he isn't talking all the time he can't talk, he has been very much mistaken The President can talk, and to |point, and knows when to talk. The |People have learned this. The country is very fortunate to have in the White House a man so quietly, earnestly, and vet so resolutely devoted to its wel fare, Cardinal Attend will preside expected that York and 0 will be It 1s New the O'Connell first made this statement without any thought of its publication and consented to its use {only when it was urged upon him that | the statement had public interest and that his inflex rule of abstention from political statements is well un derstood His eminence also spoke with cor dial approval of a speech made Sunday night before the National Conference of Catholic Charities here by Gov Ritchie of Marvland, who declared that Ispecial welfare work, as a rule, can tate aid, can than Government agencies. ac- tivities along these lines, he best be confined to promoting the health of children, protecting them from labor which is harmful or inter feres with their educational needs and prescribing educational standards for public schools, leaving proper denomi- national schools unmolested G Ritchie attacked bureaucracy in gov ernment and condemned the child bor amendment as an attempt to in- crease this and develop Government Interference with individual rights. Indorses Ritchie Views. “I was not present at this meet- ing,” said Cardinal O'Connell. “but was very glad to read his condemna- tion of legislation which conflicts with the rights of the family and of the individual. I was glad to oubserve his frankness in right of the agitation for this class of leg. islation comes from those who are looking for places. It was also pleas ing to read what he id about the child labor amendment, concerning which, I think, my position is well known.” Cardinal O'Connell said he had been informed that no State Legislature had acted favorably on the child labor amendment since the large popular majority returned against it in Massa chusetts last vear. He regarded the Massachusetts result as very impor tant, he added, as it had definitely turned back the tide of legislation to provide for further governmental reg ulation of the lives of indfviduals. This tide is now receding, and the tendency is the other way, in his opinion. RS REJECTED BY WIDOW, EX-MARINE USES GUN Shoots Woman Asleep in Parents’ Home, Then Fatally Wounds Himself. By the Associated Press. NEWARK, N. J., September 15 Patrolman Anthony X. Sheridan, 28, broke into the bedroom of Mrs. Made- leane Clearwater Montgomery, 25, a war widow, today and shot her as she slept. He then fatally wounded him. self. Mrs. Montgomery is in a serious condition at City Hospltal. Jealousy is believed to have been Sheridan's mo- tive. Mrs. Montgomery had refused to marry him about six months ago. Her husband, Douglas Montgomery, died in a hospital at Easton, Pa. of gas poisoning suffered overseas. The voung widow came to live with her parents fere About three years ago engaged to the patrolman and prepa rations were being made for the mar. riage, when her heaith began to de cline. She broke off the engagement and returned the patrolman’s ring. Sheridan spent four years as a pri- vate In_the Marines, serving in the Virgin Island: MALVY IS ELECTED. Left Candidate Heads French Chamber Finance Committee. PARIS, September 15 (#).—Louis Malvy, candidate of the groups of the Left,. today was elected president of the finance committee of the Cham ber of Deputies, receiving 23 votes out of a total of 35. He was supported by the Radical and Socialist groups, and also received some votes from the center partles. M. Malvy’s election, it is agreed in parllamentary _circles, will be of much assistance to Finance Minister Caillaux in his future deal- ings with the committee. t o became Lessening demand for lace in Eng- land is causing the idleness of 6,000 lace makers in Switzeriand. This {s a college for the education of , best be accomplished by private rather 4 ) aving that much /