Evening Star Newspaper, September 9, 1925, Page 10

10 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, U.S.JOBINPHILIPPINES UNFINISHED; MAY TAKE 25 YEARS, WOOD THINKS Menace of Disquiet Seen in Grant of Freedom. Thinks Whole Far East Would Be Affected By Ferment. and the i the IDWARD PRICE BELL, Special Corresy The Chicago Daily News MANILA pine Islan rival. Cau his the pe Star and the Leonard 1 of the Philip- without a tainly an important ever pre nship now the prolonged study has than 20 ands in 1 services in nor of San ti nd as governor general, he was appo: of the Moro prov the southern islands and Minda populated prin. cipally by Moros —in all some 18 tribes Wood was not only head of clvil govern ment, with a leg council, re. spon for five distr but com- manc ral of the troops in the department of Mindanao and Sulu Made Intensive Study. three years Gen.” W the people, every tribe be Philippine in Mani ailige this work. s chairman of t stigation, te ¥ bes and s in 1921. This in four months and 49 provinces into are divided. Tt mmedi Gen. W ca’s greatest stud ittent Arrivir 19( ter his t-hand Th een unremn more aind Gen, the in the cap was frequently ind settlement Star ties visit- Then mander of the with headquarters he continued his Following udied the Philippines cor ations, er with W. Cam- staff of experts estigation lasted | covered 48 the | which the islands vas a systematic and | thorough investigation of all phas of Philippine conditions, geographic, clir natural, human and govern men Out reach involvi hese painstaking inquiries, | to 449 cities and towns and | 11 weeks of travel by sea,| rail, mo car and horse, sprang the| great classic on the Philippines—the | Wood-Forbes report. In this report are embodied the fundamentals of the Philippine problem. It is full of il- u historical and Its discoveries and conclusions were the priceless possession of Gen. Wood when he to the Philippines as the chief | r of the sovereign power, and his nowledge of the islands and the s been ripened and ex- four years of further| b; arduous adminis- philosopt n ien. S. Control Must Continue. Gen. Wood, gray, ruddy, sturdy, dignified, received me in the governor e office, Malacanang He sat in a wide, dwood chair, with bottom ne, and talked rapidly His voice was so low again 1 had difficulty in ord. For the mo: t the veteran soldier and adminis- wore a look of seriousness, i not severity, but two or three times the conversation his features axed, he smiled, and there was an extremely pleasant look in his blue eves. He has character. He has magnetism. He has brains. He is not only a military man is a thinker and a statesma What do all your inquiries, ex- rience and thought tell you we to do about the Philippines?” ed the governor general t we ought to see our great enterprise through,” he replied. “ hat we ought to stay here in- definitely “Indef “Wh “Because the work we set out to do is only begun. How long it will take no one can say. If we withdrew e have dc would be un- investment of blood and would be wasted, 25 years labor would be thrown Filipino people would be betrayed and we should eriminal disservice to the sta and the highest interest of the worid.’ a low voice. he nitely sure idealistic he sl Places Education First. “Yoii believe t potentially ca ment? “Potentially this potential take a long t to be self-govern- ves. But to translate v into an actuality will omewhere perhar between a quarter and a half century It is a matter of rearing and edu. ating occidentally enough_ Filipinos to govern the countr There are far from enc ne Young edu- cated people are still a small pro: of the population. We need schools and teachers and a extension of the English lan- ch alone can serve as a Jlogical consolidation sed over thou- d divided by 87 of the evidences ipino capacit hese people are property-loving and abiding. They are sympathetic, hospitable and neighborly. for education is u Parents are willing to make almost any sacrifice to keep thelr children in school. ino teach- s are zealous and hard-working. n- llectual activity is apparent in all directions. Political affairs receive more and more popular attention and there is a gr interest in public health and public worl Assimi- Jability to western ideans is marked. Aptitude for politics and a desire to cipate in government are con- ous Filipino qualities Folly Brought Retrogression. “But all these things in the Philip- ines are merely tokens of what can ot what is—in the way of ca- pacity for self-government. Intellectu- alism is not a_sufficient qualification for the tasks of statecraft and admin- istration. Intellectualism, indeed, may be an evil rather than a good. It is an evil if, 85 in the Philippines, it tends to run ahead of the more substantial virtues of character. Before you have a government you must have a coun- try to govern; you must have agricul- ture, industry, commerce and finance. e credit. Too many ed minds are dazzled by 1 and professional amblition; too by the harder and more s of maintaining a civi- ness politic few attrac constantly | abandoned. Tt special mission of | | ( in | th e it of |in | m | se | sic GOV. LEONARD WOOD. be We were Our Fili ind practice eagerly to methods and excellent fruit :ndid progre: ils in the t democracy, respor experience, ideals, authority of the Americans, acquirad discipline, efficiency, thoroughness high sense of responsibilit | judic ealism enter: A great | Tolly ommitted. Excossive and too rapid Filipinization from 1914 to ated American experience and fir alled Filipino inexperience to [such an extent that there was an all- around retrogression, legislative, ex ecutive and judicial, and in the Philip pine constabulary. They bor making pu wi Sees Self-Rule as Disaster. “We must return to our old slow but sure method; short cuts are allur ing, but perilous. I do not mean that the system inaugurated by the system of House and Senate sovereign executive—must he probably should be modified nd it certainly made to work. It did not work during the period of gpur back | sliding in tbe Philippines. There wa not a strict performance of the duties of the governor genera unde | law. There was too much surrend ing of executive authority. combined | with too much legislative usurpation | interference of political leaders in the general supervision and control of de partments and bureaus and the iniec | tion of the civil se Disastrous socialistic experiments were made and the Philippine National Bank lost $35,000,000 gold—one of the darkest pages in Philippine history. It has been my worl able good will ¢ every one but store general under the law." “What do you think would be the immediate results of our leaving?" “Strife, disorder, bloodshed. They might not come instantly, but they would come soon. Moros, whom we have disarmed and who want us to stay and protect them, and Christian Filipinos would fight. Industry, trade and credit would be ruined, with the inevitable concomitants of idleness, hunger and anarchy. We should look | back upon the plight of these 12,000.- 000 people, who never have known what it means to defend or sustain | 1€ themselves, who never have known [ 1o’ any freedom except what our flag hai given them—we should look back upon fheir plight with national sor- row, pity and shame. Japanese would come in, not necessarily as an army, | but with their vigorous business meth: ods, and Chinese would swarm hither | for all sorts of pursuits. As I have said to Filipino friends, ‘Chinese wonld | hold your valleys; you fellows would be sitting on the hilltops Unsettling the Far East. “Would that be all?” “No; that would mot be all. We | should unsettle the Pacific and the Far Fast. We should create a situa- tion replete with sinister possibilities. Political impotence, social disorganiza- tion and intertribal conflicts in the | Philippines would not be allowed 'to | continue for a great while. Civilized | strength, from one quarter or another, | would move toward this vortex of | trouble and suffering and sych a movement might precipitate the worst | consequences. In any event, the hope of Philippine independence would be dashed for ages if not for all time. | ipino leaders should be able to see thése dangers, but they see only a vision of personal powers. They are insensate to encompassing realities. They are bent upon gambling with | the fate of their own people and with the peace of the Pacific. “Conceivably, this peace might not be broken, but the risk is there and if there were no other consideration in the matter, that risk should impose upon America a sacred obligation to hold the Philippines until it is reason. ably sure that all such peril was past “Our presence here, in existing con- ditions, is needed on the side of the Occident?” “TIt is needed on the side of both Oc- cident and Orient. Equilibrium be- tween them promises stability; equilibrium threatens instability position in the Philippines does not give the Occident _overweening strength in the Pacific. It in no sense jeopardizes either the peace or the peaceful trading rights of any power. We are here with the loftiest ideals, not only toward the Filipinos, but to. ward all our Asiatic neighbors. We want to live on terms of amity and equality with them all. We stand fo the open door. We stand for a solu- tion of every industrial and commer- clal, as well as every political, ques- tion on a basis of reason and justice and not of force. We have earned, we have paid for our right to carry our experiment in the Philippines to full fruition, and meanwhile the possession of this archipelago re- enforces our diplomacy touching all international matters in the Orient, among -them the principles of the ‘Washington treaties and the operf door. Advancing Christian Gulture. “We cannot think of this Philippine question,” said Gen. Wood, with in- tensified earnestness, “without think- ing of civilization as a whole. And civilization, to us, is Christian civili- zaton. We are a stone, if not the key- stone, of the arch of Christian civi- lization in the Pacific. Filipinos, as to all but a tenth of the population, are Christians. Christianity’s humanizing influence shows in their faces and is recorded in their steady moral ad- vance. Paganism and non-Christian- ity can be broken down only by the impaet of spiritual and cuitural in- fluences and these will be projected from the base of a highly-developed Christian Philippines as they cannot be projected from the distant bases of America and Europe. “America in the Philippines, in other words, insures the effective de- velopment of Christianity for the re- generation of the world. These are solemn obligations and great oppertu- somewhat should be A e the people—of leaders—to re- “That the Filipinos have undevel- oped gifts for government has been proved by American experience in the islands. Our earlier efforts here wers|us well sonceiyved and. skillfwliy-£x( nities. We can be false to them only at the cost of treason to that faith which we believe to -be essential to the highest human development. Let out of the Philippines only when the'lozeh of that faith | believe a | Philippines | peaceful outpost in the Pacific.’ ment of nationality | means mear eign and means hen in-| Jones | ice with polities. | with the unmis. | ne authority of the governor | wWain stre America is the the term is understood in the werld “hristian Culture Held Valuable to Orient. Laxity Under Regime of Harrison Hit by General. strong hands. If we and those who we believe can Christianize in the full psychic and eth- t phrase, we shall rid f human degradation, social cleavage and conflict and of | ternational slaughter. I attach im ense importance to developing the | as Christianity’s great e world Al sense of: th of injustice, Defects of a Childlike People. “You have every respect for ntiment of ‘nationality “I have every respect for the senti But the posses on of sovereign national status can a blessing to a people only when it | national security, when it | and restraint in for. flairs, when it means political economic competence. when it established law and orde len it means sanitation. education, al justice, personal and religious | National development of this rest upon nothing but the elopment of the individual citizen. Ivery sty stands alls accord- ing to the presence or absence of abil- ity, perservance and self-command in its individual members. No society can be made or preserved by a group of politicians or by a group of groups of politicians, - however notable their intellectual dexterity. “Our task in the Philippines is to bring up the general level of egucation and efficiency to a point wHere the individual citizens of competence are | sufficiently numerous to .support a | stable structure of government, of social relations and of industrial and commercial prosperity here is no such gene level of ation and efficiency . now ipinos, despite their human charm and their many encouraging moral and mental endow- ments, 2 ally unoriginal, non | initiato onstructive and dilet- tante. v are too childlike, too feeble, for the heavy burdens of state- the edu | hooa.” berty Under U. 8. Flag. ‘What will you say of the claim that Filipino progress to the highe: extent is impossible without liberty’ “I will say that the Filipinos, in their present backward condition, have under our flag the only liberty the: can hope to enjoy. Their leaders are ready to give up the substance of lib. erty in a wild grasp for its shadow: they are ready to lead their people nto disaster. Lord Northchiffe was right when he told the Filipinos they had more liberty than any other peo- ple in the world—shielded from ex ternal and internal molestation, were lowly taxed, surrounded by the safe. | gbards and ministrations of science | blessed with churches and schools and commun: ns, left entirly free to use their hands or brains as best th can, launched on an even keel on t am of moderan progress. talk about liberty. Why. mother of liberty as They . It is precisely because we ve liberty that we are disinclined to slands_prematurely _and and still Greater Profits very ome’s on the out look for opportunity. Just be sure it doesn’t slip by un- noticed. 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LEVY | working for gratitude. premit them to relapse into slavery. We came into the Philippines not_to take away, but to give, liberty. We cannot accomplish our task by scut- tling. Filipinos cdn have liberty only if they accept it fwom the Americans In the form of that comprehensive culture and discipline, those moral, in- tellectual and civic virtues which alone make libefty possible. I note a Filipino leader’s remarks that while his people are grateful to America for what she has done here, they cannot pay their debt of gratitude in the cur- rency of independance. We are not asking for gratitude. We are not Our aims are not so low as that. Our aims are to found a strong, free, Christian nation in the west Pacific for the sake of that nation, ourselves and our fellow men in general.” Friends of U. S. Rule Muzzled. “If the Philippines were near our shores, would vour attitude be differ- ent?” “In that case, I should say, ‘Let them try it.’ We could take the risk then. But they are too far away. Once we leave these islands, we are gone’ for good. We shall not come | ack. There are no more Perry Dewey opportunities contiguous to the eastern coastline of Asfa. Is It true that free speech is sup- pressed in the Philippines by fear of the leaders of the independence move- ment?” “To a very considerable extent that \ndoubtedly is true, Non-political Filipinos of education and under- standing must be courageous, indeed, if th voice the opirion they actually hold, namely, that it is better for the country as a whole should remain as sne is for an in- definite time. Surely any thinking person can realize that this,naturally would be so. Persons against imme- diate independence are denounced as traitors—not openly, perhaps, but | none the less effectually, for most of the intelligence circulating in the that America Tireston D. C, Philippines circulates by word mouth. Ignorance is widespread among -the masses. They are for in dependence, when energet:cally stimu- lated on the subject by the leaders, for they have mot the slightest con- ception of its practical significance. Can you believe it would be healthy for a Filipino champion of deferred independence to fall among ignorant compatriots to whom he had been described as a traitor? Ignorance Swayed by Politics. “Get firmly in mind the fact that there are three classes in this drama of Philippine agitation respecting in- dependence. There is the small politieal class hungry for the loaves and fishes, the enlightened class Qarger than the first but not large WEDNESDAY, 'SEPTEMBER 9, 1925. of|trate America’s long, laborious and expensive struggle to build a firmly based Christian state in the Philip- pines and also should jar the delicate interracial and international balance in the Pacific inimically to the cause of world peace. People Happy and Satisfled. “Would the masses be satisfied if they were left alone by the leaders? “Perfectly. There is not a more safisfied or happier people in the world. I go among them continually and everywhere am received with the greatest courtesy and hospitality. I have just returned from a voyage of 3,000 miles among the scattered is- lands. T visited 50 centers of life and motored extensively in the rural re- glons. I carried no arms. . Not a enough for prevalence) interested only | Weapon of .any kind was needed in in the welfare of the people, and the Patriotic and useful public opinion belongs in the main to the second of these classes. It is this public opinion which is suppressed by fear of the leaders—fear of them as instigators of the ignorant majority against any in the matter of independence. Relief had, of course, only in widening the circie of unselfish public opinfon—only in educating the majorit servers inquire why it is, if the Fili- pinos do not want immediate inde pendence, that they eleci the cham- plons of immediate independence, the reply is that the ignorant portion of the electorate is misled by self-seeking politician “And you do not think the Filipinos should have what is bad for them, even if the majority wants it? “I do not. They are not entitled to have what is bad for them, even though they want it, for what is bad for them is bad for a lot of other pec ple who do not want it It is intoler- able that an uneducated electorate, harangued by political aspirants to power and emolument, should frus- When ob- | lone who counsels prudence and delay | or |for this unfortunate situation can be | | my party. uninstructed bulk of the population. | 8reeted me at ever Cordial popular welcomes: turn. Illiterate though vast numbers of these people are, they know enough to know they er before were so well off in every moral and material way as they are “What is th in the islands? “About 37 per cent would be a lib. eral estimate.’” Manuel Roxas percentage of literacy speaker of the Philippine house, stated before a con- | gressional committee in Wa that it was over 60 per cent.' “Yes, he made that misstatement and others. His statistics were wrong. He compared dialectic differences in the Philippines to the slight diffe ences of this kind in the United States. That is ridiculous. There are here 87 distinct dialects, many of them as unlike as are the modern Latin lan- guagés and some of them differing as dically as do English and German English is the only hope of a national medium of communication in th Philippines. Let me briefly illustrate further how unreliable were the statements of Roxas in Washington. He assert- ed that during the administration ington Go Gen. Harrison cer, according his'militar: left the constabulary region to unrestricted Filipino com- | mand—a period of seven years— single killing in th | region. As a t, during that period | the records show 124 conflicts be tween the constabulary and the | Moros, 499 Moros dead, 22 constabu- | lary soldiers dead, 1 officer dead and | many wounded on both sides. “Nor is this the whole story of| | that ‘peaceful’ reign. In the same region Bogobos killed 50 Japanese over land troubles. It was during the time in question that occurred | the most serious breach of public| order since the foundation of the civil | government. That breach consisted in a fight between the constabulary and the police of Manila. As a resuit | of that clash a number of both com | batants and innocent citizens were | killed and many of the constabulary were sentenced to death to life | imprisonment. | “Furthermore, the assertions of Roxas in commendation of the health | service were untrustworthy. During the time under review cholera in the Philippines destroyed 17,000 and smallpox 73,000 lives. We are now free from all sorts of epidemics. In their statistics and in their affirm | tions Filipino politicians want check- | ing_up. ‘What would be | word of counsel to Fi and to the Filipino general?” I should counsel them at once and | without reservation to drop the idea | of immediate independence and dedi cate themselves whole-heartedly to operation_with the Americans in ting a Filipino citizenship capa- of orderl just, progress prosperous and self-defensive demo-| cratic rule. For such co-operation the road lies wide, smooth #nd open Petty Filipino polities should be cut! when e law the Moro | your concluding pino politicians intelligentsia in Delib- the representa- ereign power should cease. Abortive extralegalism—abor- tive, but pernicious—should be aibandoned. There should be no petti gging opposition to the clear authority of the governor general whoever he may be, under the or- nic law. If the Philippine Legisla- ture and the governor general dis- gree, and if their disagreement ch a_deadlock, then the President of the United States should decide “My advice to the educated Fili pinos would be frankly to accept all these conditions and to change their ppeal to the people from a call to ilusory independence to a call 1o that moral and mental advance which is the sine qua non of real independ- ence Copyright. 1925 as a cancerous growth anno: f tives of the sc by Chicazo Daily News Co.) | | | : Right Now —is the time to have us go over the PLUMB- ING and make neces- sary repairs 1 There is no job of this character too small or too large to command prompt satisfactory at- tention at our hands. PRICES REASON- ABLE. Maurice J. 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