Evening Star Newspaper, July 20, 1925, Page 5

TENNESSEE FEELS REGRET OVER CASE _ Leaders in State Sorry Ex- perts Were Not Put on Stand. BY ROBERT T. SMALL. DAYTON, Tenn., July 20.—Min- ling over the week end with citizens from many parts of the State, one is indelibly impressed with the feeling that there is a very general regret in Tennessee over the turn of events \ in the evolution trial. The ruling out of all testimofiy designed to show that evolution is not necessarily in conflict with the teachings of the Bible was a blow the Tennesseans did not expect. They had Noped that all would be heard and that there would be a general thrashing out of the subject and that the State would be accorded universal credit for its fair play. On trains, in hotel lobbies, at social gatherings, on the golf links and at other places where persons of more or less intelligence are wont to gather you hear the expressions of regret pass from mouth to mouth. There is regret first of all that the trial could not have been conducted under different conditions and in a different atmosphere. While it Is true the alleged crime was committed here, in Rhea County, the issues which became involved in the case were of such moment that many of the residents of the State felt they tould have been heard in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Nashville or Memphis, Regret Lack of Dignity. Tennesseans felt that if this had heen the case the developments of the trial might have been surrounded with a greater dignity and the Na- tion and the world might have re- flected a different view from that which was possible here in this small rural community. It is no reflection upon Dayton to say that its citizen- chip s somewhat narrow. Every rural community is the same, from what the orators call the rocky coast of Maine to the sunkissed shores of the Pacific slope. The conditions and the sentiments in this little farming district are but little dif- ferent 1 those to be found in communities of similar size and com- parative isolation elsewhere in the United States. Perhaps in a city the trial would not have attracted the same amount of attentlon as has been the case here. Perhaps that would have been better in the long run. Tennessee is very pround of her higher judiciary and would have preferred that the case from the beginning should have been taken from the jurisdiction of a rural circuit court and jury to a more im- portant tribunal in a different cul- tural environment. Regret Personalities. Secondly, the people of the State have been rather shocked and sur- prised at the bickerings which have gone on in the courtroom and out of it. The case, as a matter of fact, has seemed to pass at times entirely out of the hands of Tennessee and the Tennesseans and to resolve itself into a personal conflict of war of words between William Jennings Bryan of Coral Gables, on the one side, and the group of “foreign” defense lawyers, headed by Clarence Darrow of Chi- cago, on the other. The sharpest Issues of the case have been dealt with’ by both Mr. Bryan and Mr. Darrow in statements issued for publication in the newspapers. Mr. Bryan started the statements Soon after he arrived in Dayton, and when Mr. Darrow came along he undertook the job of answering the Commoner. The result has been a continuous flerce exchange. When court has been re- cessed over the week the state- ments have been given out at a fast and furious pace. Only this week end, with many per- sons predicting that Mr. Darrow would be cited for contempt of court, Mr. Bryan issued for publication on the Babbath morning a bitter attack upon his adversary. From the very begin- ning Mr. Bryan has treated Darrow es the allimpoortant defendant. He has done this because Darrow is an admitted agnostic, and Mr. Bryan has sought o make the point that since Darrow represents evolution in the trial all evolutionists must of neces- sity be like Mr. Darrow, agnostic, op- posed to pruyer, contemptuous of the ourt, capable of defending a Loeb and Leopold and desirous of robbing Christianity of its faith in the Bible 15 the revealed word of God. Darrow is used by Bryan of leading a con- spiracy against Christianity. May Be Appeal Basls. It has been Darrow this and Darrow that, until it s certain that when the case is appealed one of the grounds will deal with prejudices aroused against the defendant through the con- stant attacks by the principal prose- cutor upon his defending counsel. There has never been a case like this in the annals of Tennessee jurisprud- ence, or of the world for that matter. The case has been tried on the street corners, in the pulpite in_the court- bouse yard, before Judge Rauiston— everywhere except before the jury Tt seems as something of a surprise to followers of the trial today to dis- cover that the i a ju When the s called 10 or day as quite a rush for ury duty v in Rhea County, it seemed, had any ideas for or against evolution, In fact, evolution had scarcely been heard of. There was a feeling that the prospective jurors were exceedingly anxious to get a front-row seat for the “big show.” But they have missed virtually all of it. € They have been exiled from the court- room like a dozen paraiahs, and have hed to roam the streets, the byways and the hedges, trying to keep from knowing anything that was going on in the courtroom, despite the fact that loud speakers transmitting the pro- ceedings had been erected all through the courtyard and downtown on Main street. Sentiment toward the trial in the nearest city to Dayton is reflected in an editorial in the Chattanooga Times, ARE DIFFERENT, (Continued from First Page.) pending upon the learning and under- standing of the individual, and as this is true there is nothing neces- sarily inconsistent between one’s using the Bible and evolution. Many accept these statements in the Bible as leg- ends or parables * * * and thus find them not inconsistent with any scientific theory.” The following is the substance of the afdavits submitted by experts for the defense: Kirtley F. Mather In a statement which traced the ge- ologic perlods, indicating the evolu- tionary evidences of each, Kirtley F. Mather, chairman of the Department of Geology at Harvard University de. clared, “None of these facts is really in any way disturbing to the adher- ents of Christianity.” The statement became a part of the record of the trial today. Mr. Mather, who is a member of the Baptist church at Newton Center, Mass., and a teacher of a Sunday school class, declared: “Not one of these facts contradicts any teaching of Jesus Christ known to me. None could, for his teachings deal with moral law and spiritual realities. Natural sclence deals with physical laws and materfal results. When men are offered their cholce be- tween sclence, with its confident and unanimous acceptance of the evolu- tionary principle on the one hand, and religion, with its necessary appeal to things unseen and unproven on the other they are more likely to abandon religion than to abondon science. Sees Churches Lose. *“T such a choice is forced upon us the churches\will lose many of their best educated voung people, the very ones upon whom they must depend for leadership in the coming years. For- tunately such a choice is absolutely unnecessary. To say that one must choose between evolution and Christi- anity s exactly like telling a child as he starts for school that he must choose between spelling and arith- metic. “Thorough knowledge of each is essential to success—both individual and raclal—in life. “*Although it is possible to construct a mechanistic evolutionary hypothesis which rules God out of the world, the theories of thelstic evolution held by millions of scientifically trained Christians and women led inevitably to a better knowledge of God and a firmer faith in his effective presence in the world. “For religion is founded on facts, even as is the evolutionary principle. A true religlons faces the facts fear- lessly regardless of where or how the facts may be found. The theories of evolution commonly accepted In the scientific world do not deny any in. terpretation of the stories of the divine creation as recorded in the Bible, rather they affirm that story and give it larger and more profound meaning. Always a Bible Student- “This, of course, depends upon what the meaning and interpretation of the stories are to each individual. I have been a Bible student all of my life and ever since my college days I have been intensely interested with the relations between sclence and the Bible. “It is obvious to any careful and intelligent reader of the Book of Gene- sis that some Interpretation of its account must be made by each indi- vidual. Very evidently it {s not in- tended to be a scientific statement of the order of method of creation.” Discussing the tw: versions of the creation given in th -first and second chapters of Genesis \Mr. Mather said there is an “obvious lack of harmony between these two biblical accounts of creation so far as details of process and order of events are concerned. They are, however, in perfect accord in presenting the spiritual truth that God 1s the author and the administra- tor—a universe.” “The Bible does not state that the world was made about 6,000 years ago. * * * concerning the length of early history the Bible is absolutely silent. Sclence may conclude that the earth is a hundred million or a hundred bil- lion years old, the conclusion does not affect the Bible in the slightest de- gree.” Dr. Fay Cooper-Cole Dr. Fay Cooper-Cole, anthropologist of the University of Chicago, in his statement, declared that anthropol- ogists accept evolution as the most satisfactory explanation of the ob- served facts relating to the universe, the world and all life on it. “The fleld of the anthropologist is man, man’s body and man's soclety,” sald Dr. Cole, “and in this way he finds himself working side by side with biologist and geologist.” The statement told of the study of man’s body by instruments revealing history collected in skeletons every- where. The anthropologist also works with the anatomist, he sald. Dr. Cole called attention to the fact that man closely resembles certain members of the animal world in every bone and organ of his body. Differ- ences are noted, but they are differ- ences of degree rather than of kind. counsel for Scopes should not be al- lowed to place before the jury expert testimony designed to show that the theory of evolution does not conflict with the Bible account of the creation of man, a host of intelligent Tennes- seans were compelled to drink the full measure of their State's shame. The ruling of the court may be altogether legal; it may be that the judge could not have ruled otherwise without vio- lating the law of the State. Then more 18 the pity, and heightened the mortification. But those Tennesseans who think for themselves, who know the significance of what has been go- ing on at Dayton and bow their heads in humiliation, are not altogether blameless. Had they had the courage and boldness to speak out when this thing began they might have saved themselves and their State from the humiliation which has come upon them. THE ‘EV'ENTNG STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JULY 20, ]925: BIBLE TEACHES SOUL AND BODY DEFENSE HOLDS These animals most closely resembling man, he declared, are the anthropoid apes. “A careful study shows that ithey have speclalized in thelr way quite as much as man has in his, so that while they are similar, vet it is evi- dent that man's line of descent is mot through any of these anthropoids. Common Precursor Seen. “It does appear, however, that both man and other primates have a com- mon precursor, but that the anthro- poids must have branched off from the common stock in very remote times. If this is true, then we might hope to find in ancient strata of the rocks some evidences of earlier forms of men, who might perhaps more closely approach the common ances- tor. This is exactly the case.” Dr. Cole went on to tell of discov- ery of bones of a being which ap- peared to be an attempt of Nature toward man. His statement continued to recount the result of investigations revealing bones of animals seeming to stand midway between man and the highest anthropoids. “Only a few points relating to man and his history have been reviewed,” concluded the statement, “but enough has been said to indicate that the tes- timony of man’s body, of his embryo- logical life, of his fossil remains, strongly points to the fact that he is closely related to the other members of the animal world, and that his de- velopment to his present form has taken place through immense periods of time. “It seems conclusive that it is im- possible to teach anthropology or the pre-history of man without teaching evolution.” Maynard M. Metcalf There is no degree of conflict between evolution and the Bible, Maynard M. Metcalf, zoologist, former head of the zoological department at Oberlin College, declared in & statement ad- mitted to the record. “There is no conflict, no least de- gree of conflict, between the Bible and the fact of evolution,” the state- ment sald, “but the literalist inter- pretation of the words of the Bible is not_only puerile; it is insulting both to God and to human intelligence. “But the fundamentalist would do much worse than insult God. He s in reality, although he doesn’t realize this, trying to shut man's minds to God's ever-growing revelation of Him- self to the human soul. “He teaches In effect that God's rev- elation of Himself was complete long ago, that He long ago ceased to un- fold His mind to men in new revela- tlon. This is evil influence, criminal, damnable. Truth is sacred, apd to hinder men’s approach to truth Is as evil a thing, as un-Christian a thing, as one can do. +» Stand Called Blasphemous. “The thought that God is at odds with Himself, that His revelation of Himself to men of old is at variance with his works in nature is as blas- phemous as it was for the Jewish leaders to say of Jesus that ‘He casts out devils through Beelzebub, the Prince of Devils." Jesus made short work of this attack upon Him."” The thing to do, he said, is not to attempt to guide God's self-revelation into channels “of our own ignorant choosing, but to seek His thought and Himself in nature, history, and through His showing us His habit of producing results by gradual growth, by evolution rather than by immediate flat.” e Evolution, he declared, not only has occurred but evidences of it are visi- ble today in both the plant afd ani- mal world. He cited the development and breeding of the cabbage from a plant of the mustard family. Cites Four Groups. In the main, evidence of evolution may be arranged in four chief groups, he ‘sald, referring to the phenomena of comparative anatomy, of compara- tive embryology, of paleontology and gleoloxlr' and of geographical distribu- t ‘We can arrange plants and anl- mals in a double, parallel series show- ing Increasing complexity of organi- zation. “In the development of an {ndividu- al from an egg to adult this indiviu- al passes through a series of stages of increasing complexity,and this in- dividual series in one of the higher organisms strangely parallels and agrees with the racial series first mentioned.” Continuing, he discussed the dis- covery of bodlly remains in the fossili- ferous rocks, which form a series showing increasing complexity. Evolution is the only key found to the geographical distributfon of ani- mals and plants and to the_adiffer- ences noted between them, He as- serted. He pointed as evidence of ev- olution to the vestigial organs in ani- mals and plants. Resemblance to Animals. “There are in man, for exampls, very many structures of no conceiv- able present use, but showing resem- blanches to organs in other animals which are useful,” he said. The ap- pendix vermiformis, and the wisdom teeth of man, he pointed to as ex- amples. He also pointed to the simi- larity of various organs in related animals. “Probably there is no structure in the human body,” he said, “which has not at some time been used for a different purpose. As the use of the organ changes in evolution its struc- ture correspondingly changes and we see most complete series of inmter- grades between the earller and the later conditions.” He explained that there was no such thing as species in nature, but that the words, “specles,” ‘‘genus,” “family,” etc., were terms used to de- scribe thefact that animals and plants differed among themselves and differ to different degrees. Intelligent teaching of blology or any intelligent approach to biological science is impossible if the established fact of evolution is omitted, he de- clared. Must Recognize Evolution. “Discussion of the methods by which evolution has been brought about is less essential, but the fact of evolu- tion must be appreclated and the evolutionary point of view must be emphasized for any understanding of the growth of the universe, of the earth, of plants or animals; for any proper grasp of the facts of structure or function of living bodles as in- volved in medicine and in animal and plant husbandry; psychology, whether of normal or diseased minds, must constantly remember the processes of evolution; human societies, with their diverse customs, are unintelligible without the facts of their origins and changes.” ‘While he sald there were varied opinions as to the causes of evolution, he asserted the fact of evolution—"'of man, of all living things, of the earth, of the sun, of the stars—is as fully established as the fact that the earth revolves around the sun.” Dr. Horatio H. Newman The evolutlonist stands for and be- lieves in a chansing world, Dr. Horatlo Hackett Newman asserted in a state- ment which the defense counsel placed in the record today. “Evolution is merely the philosophy of change as opposed by the philoso- phy of fixity and unchangeability, Dr. Newman sald. “One must choose between these alternate philosophies, for there is no Intermediate position: once admit a changing world and you admit the essence of evolution. * * * “Evolution has been tried and test- ed in every conceivable way for con- siderably over half a century. Vast numbers of blological facts have been examined in the light of this princi- ple, and without a single exception they have been entirely compatible with it » & " Man Like Animals. “If a man is a creature apart from all animals, it is extremely difficult to understand the significance of the fact that he is constructed along lines so closely similar to those of certain animals; that his processes of repro- duction are exactly those of other animals; that in his development he shows the closest parallelism, step for step, to the apes; that his modes of nutrition, respiration, excretion, in- volve the same chemical processe and that even his fundamental psy chological processes are of the same kind, though differing in degree of specialization, as are those of lower animals. ¢ * o “According to the most recent com- putations based on the rate of radium emanations, one billion vears have elapsed since the earth first attained its present diameter. Various esti mates as to the time since the first life appeared upon the globe range from 50,000,000 years to about ten times that figure. * ¢ ¢ None Are Identical. “None of the animals of the past are identical with those of the present. The nearest relationship is between a few specles of the past which have been placed in the same genera as {those of today. * ¢ ¢ “There is a gradual progression to- ward more highly specialized forms as one proceeds from lower to higher strata (In the earth’s crust). * ¢ " Summarizing the ‘‘evidences of organic evolution,” Dr. Newman's statement concluded: “Ill of the lines of evidence presented point strongly to organic evolution, and none are contrary to this principle. Most of the facts, moreover, are utterly incom- patible with the only rival explana- tion, special creation. “Not only do these evidences tell a straightforward story of evolution, but each one is entirely consistent with all of the others.” Dr. Winnerton C. Curtis Evolution, “the doctrine of how things have changed In the past and how they are changing in the present,” was discussed by Dr. Winnerton Curtls, zoologist, University of Mis- sour, in his statement. Dr. Curtls divided his subject into cosmic, geologic and organic evolu- tion, as represented by the sclences of astronomy, geology and blology, and discussed each briefly, concluding with a consideration of the fact, the course and the causes of organic evo- lution. . ““We have,” he said, “the fact of evolution as representing the histori- cal serles of events; the course fol- lowed In evolution, for instance, whether the land vertebrates arose from the fish-like ancestors; birds from reptiles or the like and the cause of evolution, or what makes it happen. Sees Theory Supported. “The historical fact of evolution seems attested by overwhelming evi- dence. Science has nothing to con- ceal, it stands strong in the strength of demonstrable facts and invites you to view the evidence. The course pur- sued by evolution is known broadly in many instances, but in the nature of the cause, the evidence is limited and many of the steps will remain uncertain, without, however, a calling in question of the historic fact. “The causes of evolution present the most difficult problem of all and the one regarding which we know the least. ““Thence we turn to a discussion of Darwin's work, declaring his accom- plishment was ‘twofold. “In the first place, he established organic evolution as the only reason- able explanation of the past history of living things. Secondly, he offered in natural selection what then ap- peared an adequate explanation for the origin of species and hence for the causes of evolution. Discusses Darwin's Work. Continuing, he went into a detailed discussion of the accomplishments of the scientist, declaring that although two theories of natural selection had suffered a decline within recent years, no other hypothesis of the causes of evolution has completely replaced them. ““As ‘e result of this situation,” he said, “there has been much discussion among _sclentists regarding the ade- quacy of what is often referred to as the Darwinian theory, meaning nat- ural selection. In condemning selec- tion as an inadequate explanation of the problem, biologists often have seemed to condemn evolution itself. “It is not strange that the layman, for whom Darwinism and evolution are synonymous terms, believes that “STANDARD" [ 2] MOTOR OILS evolution has been rejected when he hears that belief in Darwinism is on the wane. He does not understand that what is thus meant by Darwinism is not the historic fact of evolution, but the proposed cause of evolution— natural selection.” ‘With the evolution of all other living things, both animal and plant, “over- whelmingly attested by the facts,” he declared it “not only impossible, but puerile to separate man from the general course of events.” Evidence Held Clearer. “Moreover, the evidence for man's origin is becoming clearer year by year. Comparative anatomy, em- bryology, classification, physiology, geographical distribution, fossils and the existing races of mankind tell the same story for man as for the rest of the world. * * * “If creation occurred at 9 a.m. on October 23 of the year 4004 B. C., as a part of the divine plan, it is amaz- ing that such success should have dogged the steps of the students of human skeletal and cultural remains during the last half century. “The skeletons, in part or in whole, are known for a number of subhuman races and a vast array of implements and other remains, all showing a pro- gressive advancement.” He turned from the doctrine of evo- lution to a discussion of the evidence of special creation as found in Genesis. clence and common sense alike inquire regarding the nature and sources of this account,” the state- ment said, “if it be regarded as a true statement of facts. Science faces the matter squarely, desiring only the right to Investigate and draw unpreju- diced conclusions. The results of such investigations are not in doubt. Had Traditions of Origin. “It appears that the races about the eastern Mediterranean, lfke other primitive peoples, had their traditions of the origin of the world. The story in Genesis apparently descended to the early Hebrews and to their neigh- bors in Mesopotamia from a source far antedating the appearance of the Jews as a people and their sacred writ- ings. “Archeology and ethnology most reasonably indicate that in its origin this Hebrew Babylonlan tradition may be compared with the stories of many other primitive peoples. We take the story in Genesls seriously as an account of pre-historical facts be- cause it s our story of creation passed down by tradition from our fathers. * * * “But the past history of events, whether of human or animal origi: is a subject for scientific inquiry, and the answer of science is evolutior. The great antlquity of man, the ex- tstence at an earlier period of beings, manlike, but intermediate between man and the other primates, to- gether with the facts of man's an atomy, his embryology, his physiolog- ical reactions, even his mentality, all point to bodily kinship with the rest of living nature. “It {s not that men came from monkeys, but that men, monkeys and apes all came from a common mam- mallan ancestry milllons of years in the past. “It i{s more reasonable to believe that the Bible is a human’ dogument representing the history of dn ad- vance from the concept of a barba- rous and vengeful Jehovah of the earlier Old Testament through the God of righteousness and justice of the later prophets and culminating in the concept of a Father as preached by Jesus of Nazareth.” Jacob G. Lipman Organic evolution from the point of view of the soil investigator was dis- cussed by Jacob G. Lipman in a statement admitted to the record. Dr. Lipman is dean of the College of Agriculture and director of the New Jersey agricultural experiment station. “A direct relation may be traced,"” said Dr. Lipman, “between solls, plants and animals in the evolution of organic life.” Among the early forms of life, he continued, there were bacteria capable of developing medium, such forms being found to- day In the sea, in mineral springs and in soils. “Some of them.” sald his prepared statement, “‘can obtain the energy for their life processes by oxidizing hydro- gen gas, methane (marsh gas), carbon monoxide, sulphur, iron and even carbon. Prepared Way for Others. “In the primitive seas and on the rock surfaces these simple forms of life prepared the way for the more highly organized beings. Some bac- teria are able to manufacture nitro- gen compounds out of the simple nitrogen gas of the air. They thus supply material out of which the pro- toplasm of plant and animal cells is made. “Today, like many millions of years ago, bacteria are busy creating condi- tions necessary for the growth of plants and animals. Bacteria are re- sponsible for the circulation of carbon and nitrogen in nature. The material of plant and animal bodies is used over and over again and precesses of decay must go on in order that the carbon, nitrogen, sulphur phosphorus in a purely mineral | and other elements, locked up in the bodles of plants and animals, may be released for the development of count- less generations of living things.” Dr. Lipman explained. that plants had to develop both as to quantity and quality in order that there might be sufficlent for the advancing forms of animal life. Says Man Follows God's Way. “One may properly speak of the genesis of soll,” he said, “as one would speak of the genesis and evolu- tion of plants and animals. Man has learned to use this knowledge to im- prove his condition, and in following the laws laid down by the Divine Creator he has been able to fashion more perfect forms of plant and anl- mal life. The ' story of genetics, which deals with the principles of plant and animal breeding, is full of interest. It has to its credit more perfect flowers, fruit of higher yield- | ing qualities and better flavor, fiber crops of superfor fiber, sugar crops with a greater content of sugar, crops resistent to plant diseases, crops suitable for dry climate and wet climate, for sour soils and sweet solls and, in general, for a wide range of sofl and climatic conditions. “In the same way genetics has made it possible for us to improve on the types of animals of economic importance in our farming industry.” Charles Hubbard Judd A serfously natfonal disaster threat- ens if the vote of legislatures rather than sclentific investigation are to de termine the details that are to be taught in_the public schools of the country, Charles Hubbard Judd, di rector of the School of Education of the University of Chicago, believes. The belief was expressed in his statement admitted to the record of the trial today. “In my judgment,” the document said, “it will be quite impossible to carry on the work in most of the de- partments in the higher institutions of the State of Tennessee without teachigg the doctrine of evolution as the fundamental basis for the unde: standing of all human institutions.” Elaborate studles in the field of hu man psychology, he said, show that a long process of evolution has been going on in tools, language, customs, laws and other things directly affect ing the life of man. He expressed the bellef that it wowld be impossible to teach adequately psychology or the sclence of education without constant reference to the facts of mental de- velopment included in the general doctrine of evolution. Wilbur A. Nelson Tennessee is an ideal place in which to study and learn the story of rock layers, which have been laid down from the earliest times In which any life existed .up to the present, sald Wilbur A. Nelson, State geologist of Tennessee, in a statement admitted to_the record today. Mr. Nelson, who will become head of the department of geology of the University of Virginia and State geolo. gist of Virginia in September, sald that the study of burled animal and plant remains has been taught in Ten- nessee since 1828. “Such teaching,” he said, “could not have been carried on through 97 years unless the teaching of evolu- tion had been permitted by our reli- | glous ancestors who formed this State. Land Once Part of Gulf. “We know that originally the mouth of the Mississippl River was near Calro, 11l, and that all of the Missi sippi Valley, as we know now it w: at that time, which was the close of the Cretaceous period, a part of a much larger Gulf of Mexico. All of west Tenessee during that time was in an extension of the Gulf of Mexico, and the fine china clay deposits of that section were lald down in shallow water at the time tropical plants flourished in that section. * * ¢ “In connection with evolution it is especially of interest to note that the relative ages of the rocks correspond closely to the degrees of complexity of origin shown by the fossils in those rocks, the simpler organism being found in the more ancient rocks, each type of organism becoming more and more complex as we come nearer the present day, man and his fossil, cul- tural remains, being no exception. “It therefore appears that it would he impossible to study or teach geology in Tennessee or elsewhere, without using the theory of evolution.” RITES FOR MRS. SLOCUM. Funeral services for Mrs. Sarah Slocum, 92 years old, who died in Georgetown University Hospital Fri- day follow.ng an operation, were held at the Thomas R. Nalley & Sons’ fu- neral parlors this afternoon at 2:30 o'clock. Interment was in Oak Hill Cemetery. Mrs. Slocum was the widow of Wil- liam Slocum, and had lived in this city since shortly after the Civil War. She had lived In the Elenora Ruppert Home, Anacostia, D. C. since the death of her husband nine years ago. REWARD KAY WANTS THE OLDEST Bl WATCHES b forMUSEUN It’s Worth at Least $5 or more what Kay 3 new one. 0 stlunch Dermanently on ey 1D or mat | £ e aliopring fe broke missing. for your old watch: that is "Will_rive ou_when you purchass 180 We 0w that when cgurale Waich you become 5g yo 3 e kay Booke: more for your old watch. No tered. even though oo and the ' hands r CHATTANOOGA HAILS SPEECH BY DARROW| Scopes Counsel Greeted Warmly by Crowd—Raps Doctrines of Bryan. By the Associated Press. CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., July 20.— Warmness of the greeting of the de- fender of Scopes was the feature of the lecture delivered at a local theater here yesterday by Clarence Darrow, Chicago lawyer, who had as his sub- Ject “Leo Tolstoi, Russian Novelist and Prophet,” which was heard by 2,000 people. Mr. Darrow said that recent- ly he fundamental subjects and does not need to be a fundamentalist to think.” He took occasion to rap Willlam Jennings Bryan at intervals through- out his address. Mr. Darrow was introduced by At- torney Frank Carden, who took occa- sion to say that Tenneessee was afflicted with too much politics and that the present predominant system is an outbreak of unnecessary laws. He said that the disease had afflicted | the legislatures until they are devoid of courage, and has only recently driven our governor to the sanitarium 1t Battle Creek. DARROW IS CITED” FOR CONTEMPT BY SCOPES CASE JUDGE | aary” strect dog fight. (Continued from First Page.) an anteroom and entered by a side door. Scores of these moved un- checked into the inner rafled area of the court and sat on the floor around the judge's seat or stood in masses. Crowd Is Reduced. Judge Raulston the crowd, the As through nounced: “Now, all you people who are stand- ing will' have to get out of the room. This is an old buildipg and the floor is likely to give way any minute.” The crowd laughed and those with- out seats door. “If you don’t get out, we'll have to put vou out,” the bailiff added. The crowd was thinned out until a few were standing. At 9:40 o'clock the spectators were orderly. Rev. R. M. Standerfer, pastor of the Clinton, Tenn., Methodist Episcopal Church’_South, offered the opening prayer. The preacher has been in the Methodist ministry 49 years. He asked for the “guiding, directing pres- ence” of God. After the judge had read his state- ment, the case proceeded, the defense offering a certified copy of the gov- ernor's message to the Legislature approving the bill. The State ob- jected to the introduction of the docu- ment. Judge Raulston excluded the mes- sage. The defense also offered in evidence the text book of biolog: adopted by the State Book Commis sion. Arthur G. Hays read what this struggled bailiff an. text book says of Charles Darwin. Mr. | Hays said the purpose of the defense was to show the public policy of the State. The State again objected. Judge Raulston ruled that the book might be filed “for the present.” Mild Controversy Develops. A mild controversy developed be- tween defense and State counsel as to the presentation of statements of sclentific witnesses. The question was as to whether the statements should be submitted without reading, or have had been thinking more on | x; i o s wpore on | New York sought to pro moving toward the | 5 SAYS BRYAN DODGED EVOLUTION PROOFS “Turned Tail and Ran,” Declares Wiggam, Author of Book Commoner Attacked. By the Assoctated Press. INDIANAPOLIS, July 20.—Albert Edward Wiggam, author of “The New Decalogue of Science,” which William Jennings Bryan attacked during the trial of John T. Scopes at Dayton, Tenn., on charges of teaching evolu- tion, in a statement last night de- clared Bryan “turned tail and ran” when Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborne of e evolution to the Commoner. Charges by Mr. Bryan that evolu- tion leods to agnosticism are without facts, Mr. Wiggam said, citing that several ministers attended the trial who were evolutionists, but not ag nostics. “On Fehruary 26 Mr. Bryan pledged himself to accept the proofs of evo lution if any could be submitted. Dr. Osborne publicly called upon Mr. Bryan prior to the Scopes trial to fulfill the pledge. Instead of doing so, Mr. Bryan turned tail and ran. He has used every twist and technicality of the law to prevent- the proofs of evolution from being submitted to the | Jury and to the American people. “If Mr. Bryan thinks that the elimi nation of the unfit is not a bloody | business all he has to do is to watch a battle between two armies of ants fighting for existence or watch an or Does M Bryan think the weakest ants and dogs win? The old prophets of the Bible did not think so. ‘“My book speaks for itself to all in telligent people whose minds are not closed by superstition and bigotry. Mr. Bryan is the greatest force for irreligion in America today." be permitted to read these statements | to the court in the hope that the court | might be convinced of ‘error in hav ing held the law constitutional The debate went back and forth for |an hour, Attorneys Ha Stewart { Bryan, Malone and a lszlng | part | Statements from eight scientists were offered to be placed in the rec | ord for submission to a higher court in the event Scopes is convicted of teaching evolution theories in the pub lie schools fn viclation of the State Statements were submitted from the following: Winterton C. Curtis, zoolo. gist, University of Missouri; Horatio Hackett Newman, zoologist, University | of Chicago; Wilbur A. Nelson, Ten nessee State geologist; Jacob G. Lip- | man, dean, Coliege of Agriculture Rutgers; Fay Cooper Cole, anthropolo. gist, Universtiy of Chicago; Maynard M. Metcalf, zoologist, formerly of Oberlin _ College; Charles Hubbard Judd, director school of education, University of Chicago; Kirtley F. Mather, geologist, Harvard. Give Defense an Hour. | Judge Raulston finally ruled that {one hour would be given the defense to read portions of the statements. In the midst of the reading the attorney general asked Mr. Hays if he might |interrupt him “Certainly,” sald Mr. take time out | The first statement taken up in this reading was one from the Rev. Walter Whitaker, Knoxville minister, fol. lowed by a statement from Dr. Shaile Mathews, University of Chicago. He then proceeded to read extracts from extended statements from the eight | scientists. Mr. Hays was still reading at the luncheon recess, ordered at 11:45 undl Hayes, “but portions read to the court. The defense contended that it should Welcome, 1:30 p.m. He was near the end, how- ever, of his time limit. 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