Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1925, Page 27

Everyday Religion ot a Talk 01; Theology, But Upon Life and Right Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. DANGEROUS CONSTRUCTION. ZEKIEL, xiii.10-11. “One built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered mortar; say unto them which daub it with untempered mortar. %hat it shall fa1l.” Man is essentially a builder. the earliest - known periods of re- corded history down to the lates hour one of his most conspicuous occupations has been that of construc- tion. As one travels through the cities and towns of the old world he is amazed to note the stability and strength that characterize the great buildings erected in the most remote periods of time. The Greek and the Roman developed not alone the ar- tistic, they also disclosed amazing genius in giving to the work of their hands qualities that make it resist the ravages of time. Even the con- centrated fire of modern guns could not wholly destroy the Cathedral at Rheims. From * ok ok % Particular care and painstaking methods pay in the long run. Apart from the building of material fabrics man has ever been engaged in more delicate task of building up what he calls civilization. Great empires and kingdoms that disclosed remark hle gifts and genius along man: lines, and that seemed to be so stably built that they might stand indef- initely, have come ultimately to show the marks of weakness and decay. Edward Gibbon as he surveyed from the Capitol line hill the ancient city of Rome saw in a vision the causes hat ultimately led to the decline of he mighty Roman empire. He re- lled the days when its legions vir- tually conquered and ruled the world. He saw the slow but inevitable proc- esses that gradually weakened and de- stroyed the strength of Roman arms, and that finally humbled in the dust one of the mightiest empires the world has ever known. With like vision the great apostle, St. Paul, standing on Mar's Hill, told the proud people of Athens that he saw, as he surveyed their proud city, the evidences of approaching decay. * k % % The study of the world's civilizations a5 they have come and gone discloses hoth the strength and the weakness f the methods enployed in their up- lding. Our own time, possibly more han any other, has witnessed an up- heaval, the magnitude of which makes clear to our vision the foundations whereon our present civilization is builded. So far as America is con- cerned, we realize more than ever that the fathers builded more wisely than they knew. We dare not forget as the | the | these recurring anniversaries repeat themselves that at its inception the foundations of our Government were laid upon an unchanging and ablding Christian faith. Human conceits and ambitions played no part in the setting up of this great western republic. No untempered mortar was used in its foundations. Ae we review our brief but singularly momentous history we are more and more impressed by the fact that in the crises through which |we have passed the leadership of the | Nation has been with those whose [aith in the everlasting mercy and provi- dence of God was fixed and unchang- ing. It is well at such a time as the present to “look unto the rock whence we are hewn,” and to remem- ber the quality of the stock from which we have sprung. If we would preserve intact the fabric of our na- tional house we should sedulously avoid those who, assuming the role of leadership, attempt to introduce for the sake of selfish ambition untemper- ed mortar that is foreign to our ideals and high purposes. There are those in our national household today who would import into our system principles and methods that are utterly alien to our trusted and tried ways of government The untempered mortar they employ is imported from those nations whose traditions and ideals are utterly foreign to those for which we stand. We would say to all such who would daub out national walls with untempered mortar that the work they attempt to do shall fall. The craftsmanship we demand we are able to produce within our own confines. We ask for no inter- ference from without, and we will brook no unskilled craftsmanship from within. % Bty America more than any other nation has become an asylum for the elder world. Its flag shelters and protects native and alien alike. Ag a symbol of national faith it represents freedom and justice. To protect all that it stands for and symbolizes from indignity and profanation is the supreme obligation of all who believe that the security of our life resides in unfailing devotion to the principles and ideals that gave us our birth, saved us from disunity, and have made and preserved us a nation. We mean what we say when we place upon our coins “In God We Trust.” Our growing fabric will hold to- gether only as we build our walls with the cement of brotherly kind- ness, and square and plumb them in accordance with the known will and purposes of Almighty God. (Copyright. 1925.) Morocco Trouble Shatters “Scientific War” Predictions By W. P. CRESSON, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. Whatever may be the outcome of the war so dramatically staged by Abd-el-Krim and his tribesmen, its surprising lessons are not likely to be lost upon those responsible for the future military and colonial policles of the great powers. The struggle is assuming, in many unexpected ways, the aspect of a well developed ard grimly humorous paradox. In challenging the overwhelming military strength of France, this desert sheik has apparently establish- ed the fact that even the best eguip- ped army in Europe can be serfously | hampered by warlike condltions | wherein all the progress made in the art of killing our fellows that marked the titanic struggle of the World War are nullified by an unfavorable ter- rain and a lack of military objectives. Moreover, a brief review of the re. ctions of the foreign press shows he present situation, perhaps un-| fortunate, dims the picture drawn by | pacifist writers concerning the im-| rediate catastrophic effects of “scien- war.” The clouds of aircraft “‘darkening the sky" and “depopulat- ing” vast areas of enemy territo are either strangely absent or else held in reserve for more serious oc- casions. Even such notable experts on mili- tary air tactics as our own Col. Driggs have been impelled to come forward with “explanations.” Their answer is of course obvious. The most terri- ble weapons of modern warfare have been evolved to coerce and terrify highly advanced, and therefore highly centralized and urban _clvilizations. From these terrors the Rifflan tribes- men are more or less derisively im- mune. It is, therefore, perhaps a little un- fair of Abd-el-Krim to resort in turn to the highly modern weapon of “propaganda.” Unquestionably guld- ed by European sympathizers, the Riffian chieftain has not only adopted an exceedingly adroit policy of moral sabotage toward the pacified natives of the French zone of influence in Morocco, but also appears to have reached out across the Mediterranean in a surprisingly effectual campaign aimed at throwing difficulties in the ‘way of his enemies through an appeal to “European public opinion.” Allies Now Admit Germany Must Regain Former Status (Continued from First Page.) thrown the German back upon him.| self, that isolation had stimulated vather than shaken his national and racial confidence, and that the at-| tempt to exercise control or perma- nent supervision over him would be disastrous in the end, because, while seeking to maintain physical disarma. ment, it would create a moral arma- ment which in the end would triumph over any and all restraints. This fact, too, has been pretty y seen and appreciated in Europe in France almost as much as in England. Back of all the discussion of security pacts lies the sublimal thought that, once the pacts are made and signed, liquidation of the whole war will and must follow fast. Even the actual value of security pacts is, not overestimated on the other side | of the Atlantic, where it is appreciated that the true worth will be determined quite as much by the state of mind of the signatory nations as by the fact of the signature. The evicuation of the Rhur, the evacuation of the Cologne zone, Ger- man entrance into the League of Na- tions and the completion of a four- power guarantee pact, these are all details on the stage, which may well prove the last act in the crowded |the growing appreciation drama of the last 11 years. And we have just had the announcement that the first will be achieved two months hence, while the second may follow with almost unexpected swiftness. But underlying everything else is in allied countries that the time has come when, whatever the risks and dangers, Germany must be permitted to come back, must be recognized not only as a sovereign state, but as a risks _incident to are clearly greater. In a word, the world does not know and cannot know what kind of a Germany will exist when the last allied troops have been withdrawn and the last allied commission of con- any other course {trol or supervision has disappeared from German soll, but the world— and particularly the allied world—i coming to know with rather terrify ing clarity what kind of a Germany will exist if armies and commissions do not disappear. And that is why the anouncement of the evacuation of the Ruhr, which excited singularly little comment in contrast with the nolse made by the occupation less than three years ago, marks an important date in current history. (Copyright. 1925.) U. S. Shippers Save Millions Through Scientific Packing (Continued from First Page.) foreign markets by American manu- facturers,” says the department, “in- creases the interest in and importance of each step in the process by which these markets are gained and held. ¥xport packing is by no means the Jeast important of the new problems which face a manufacturer who has decided to enter the export field or who is shipping goods to countries where he has had no previous busi- ness. “Iven manufacturers comparatively old in the export business come in competition with foreign manufac- turers with stll more experience ok greater resources. Kach American exporter, therefore, whether his busi- ness be large or small, his experience slight or great, has a direct and per- sonal interest in the development of scientific packing methods and the dis- semination of information on this subject. Millions Leost Annually. “The millions of dollars lost an- nually through careless or injudicious packing, which invites pilferage and destroys goods through breakage or other damage, is a tax on industry which all those sharing In the distrib- utive process should join forces to eliminate.” The department asserts that ‘‘cheap” packing has always proved false economy, adding that “it is a detriment not only to the indi- vidual exporter but to our entire for- eign trade as well.” It is the duty of the carrier, says the department, to use care and diligence to see that chances of pilferage and breaking are reduced to a minimum, “but it is also to the interest of the shippers to co-operate in this effort by packing goods so that they will withstand the unavoidable hazards incident to the journey they are 40 make.” Pack- ing which will be satisfactory for one country or destination, it is pointed out, may not be suitable for another, it being obvious, for instance, that shipments destined to a port with modern facilities and equipment will not always require the same charac- ter of container or internal packing as would a similar shipment which is discharged where port facilities either do not exist at all or are of a primitive character. On the whole the United States Department of Commerce is satisfied with the way in which American ship- pers are now packing for foreign markets, and with the showing which this is making in the export figures of the mation. (Copyright, 1925.) would | oppressed and down-trodden of the reat power again, because the | THE ' SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, 'Time Will Bring U. S. and Japan Closer, Says Shidehara, in Pledging Amity Editor’s Note—The following in- terview by Mr. Bell, staff corre- spondent of The Ktar and the Chicago Daily News, with Baron Shidehara, foreign minister in the Japanese imperial cabinet, notably supplements Mr. Bell's remarkable interview with Viscount Kato, premier of Japan, published by The Star June £8. BY EDWARD PRICE BELL. | OKIO.—Baron Shidehara, for- | elgn minister of Japan, re- ceived me with friendly dignity In his beautiful private room at the Foreign Office in Tokio. He advanced from his desk to meet me and shook hands firmly. “I am glad to meet you," said he, smiling like an old friend as he in- clined both well set head and sturdy body—a flash at one and the same instant of culture and of force. “This racial question between America and Japan is always chang- ing,” said the statesman, speaking in pure English, after we had sat down beneath a wide, lofty window. “It is in a position now markedly different from that which it occupied when I first gave serious thought to it. Do you chance to remember what were called the ‘Morris-Shidehara conver- sations’ in Washington?” ‘ery well,” said 1. {_“Those conversations were carried on with earnestness. Both Mr. Mor- | ris and myself desired nothing else so much as a solution of the Americano- | Japanese racial problem satisfactory | to both parties. Our discussions were without any feeling except the feeling of mutual respect and friendship. It was said that the problem turned upon the assimilability or unassimilability of the Japanese as members of the American social community. Testing Japanese Assimilability. | “Touching this question, Mr. Morris and I agreed that there had not been | time enough to determine whether the Japanese were or were not assimilable in America, as the British and the Scandinavians, for instance, have proved to be in that country. It had been scarcely more than a quarter of a century—the ‘Morris-Shidehara con- | versations’ took place five or six years |ago—since the Japanese entered | America in appreciable numbers. There had not been time to tell whether they would or would not turn good Americans. How,' we asked ourselves, ‘can a reliable test be made?” We agreed that a practicable plan would be vir- tually to stop further Japanese immi- gration in America until the Japanese already there could be given a chance to demonstrate their quality in respect of assimilation into the general Amer- ican social body. At this point I em- phasized what 1 deemed a substantial condition, namely, that while the test Was proceeding every encouragement be given these Japanese in America to adopt the American standpoint and way of life if they could. Alien Element in Japan. league a grave mistake made by Japan with reference to an alien element in our population. This element presents a curlous analogy in connection with the problem of the Japanese immi- grants in America. I mean a special class of people who are social out- casts. There are said to be 1,200,000 scattered over Japan. Their origin is uncertaln and mixed. Some are descended from Chinese and Korean immigrants and some from aborigines. Most of them were originally and for generations engaged in training and butchers’ work, considered by Bud- dhists to be unclean. “I told Mr. Morris about these peo- ple, how we ostracized them in old days, how we drove them into settle- ments apart. I had seen our people doing it. I myself, as a boy, had had my irresponsible part in it. Persons of this class used to appear in front BY DREW PEARSON. OWN in Yucatan, half hidden by dense jungles and tropic vines, stand the temples and sepulchers of an ancient American civilization—that of the Mayas. This clvilization flourished and pros- pered before the time of Christ. It rivaled the grandeur of ancient Egypt in the days of King Tut. But despite the fact that it existed on the shores of our own North American continent just across the Gulf of Mexico from New Orleans, it has | scarcely attracted the interest of { Americans. American explorers and philanthropists have poured time and {money into the ruins of Egypt while the Maya temples have slept peace- fully under their green growth of {jungle. And had it not been for the energy and daring of one man, this ancient clvilization would be almost unknown to Americans even today. That man is Edward H. Thompson, who has given 20 years of his life to resurrecting the Maya ruins and whose greatest single feat was to dive to the bottom of the Sacred Well, where, 80 feet under water, he found the bodles of sacrificed maidens, together with priceless quantities of Jjade, gold and incense. Explorer Tells Story. Having introduced the Maya civili- zatlon to the world and given most of his life to its exploration, Thomp- son came north the other day, back to the land of hie birth, quietly and unostentatiously went about doing his own business, until I bumped into him and made him tell his story. Thompson, I suppose, must be past 60, but he looks 20 years young- er. MHis face has been browned by years under a tropic sun and his body has been toughened by count- Jess tramps through Mexican jungles. He talks with the boyish, eager en- thusiasm of all men who have given their lives to some great cause. “No one knows exactly where the Mayas came from originally,” said Mr. Thompson in reply to my first question. “Some people claim they are the lost tribe of Israel, because many of them have Semitic features. But I consider this no real proof, as almost every race, even the Eskimos, have some trace of Semitic features. Once Lived in New Mexico. “My opinion is that the Mayas were a branch of the race which once in- habited most of Central America and even lived as far north as New Mex- ico and Arizona. We have found stones in Yucatan which came from | New Mexico, and seem to prove at |least that trade relations existed be- tween those two regions. “One fact which complicates the i | | jade. There is no jade in any part of Mexico today, and yet the Mayas seem to have had a great supply of it. This has led some sclentists to believe that the Mayas first came from China, where jade abounds. “At any rate the Mayas once in- habited most of Mexico, and then, because they were the most civilized race, and therefore .the least war- like, they were gradually pushed back and back into the peninsula of Yuca- tan. This invasion might be com- red with that of the Huns or the “I pointed out to my American col- | and very | origin of the Mayas is the finding of | D; 1 C.; JULY: 5, Tokyy Jume .95~ of our house and seek work as mend ers of our clogs or wooden shoes. They were not permitted to come in- side our fence. We threw our clogs out to them, they did their work, threw the clogs back, and we tossed the pay into their hands. We called them unassimilable, while ourselves denying them all opportunity of as- similation. Error of Making Outcasts. “We made a mistake. Our course was politically, socially and econom- ically wrong, as well as un-Christian and inhuman. These persons are now treated in every way as our equals. But the antagonism fostered by cen- turies cannot be swept away in a day They are still with us, stiil living in their separate communities, still in their hearts hostile to us, still a prob. lem to vex social relations, perplex statesmanship and grieve humanita- rianism. We should have reached out to welcome them and not to cast them away. If we had done that, they long ago would have merged in our com- munity beyond all trace, and today there would be no irritating problem in Japan such as this particular class presents. Baron Shidehara was thinking and speaking carefully, manifestly search- ing his mind for his real meaning and for exact words to express it, impart- ing to his remarks precision and solidity. From time to time he looked into my eyes as if to say, ““Are you interested—do you understand me?” His face now and again wore an un- relenting expression, but as the talk proceeded I found him capable of smiling delightedly and of laughing in A kY ehars — | that fashion which springs only from | the liveliest sense of humor. I found | also he could relax into simple, easy narrative, as will appear later in his story of the coliogules between him- self and the late Lord Bryce. Thor- oughly Japanese is Baron Shidehara in physiogomy, temperament, manner and patriotism, tingling with the | spirit of today, but ruled by delibera- | tion and sagacity. | U.s. Attitude Toward Japanese. My point of view as expressed to Mr. Morris,” continued Baron Shide- hara, “was that America, in dealing with her Japanese population, well might consider our mistake respecting a certain part of our population. It seemed to me, and I so stated, that an titude of sympathy, of welcome, of invitation to assimilation, might yield a result diametrically different from that of an attitude of coldness or per- secution or ostracism. _Parentheti I would say that I personally have been surprised by what I have seen in evidence of Japanese assimi- | lability to Americanism. I have seen in Tokio a group of American-born Japanese children who amazed me by their likeness, in dress, speech, and manners, to American children. These little visitors of Japanese blood could not speak a word of Japanese. a | “Your Ambassador, Mr. Morris,” the foreign minister went on, “raised two points in criticlsm of conditions In Japan relative to the relations of America and this country. He liked neither our law of nationality nor our law of property affecting aliens. At that time a Japanese subject, wher- ever born, remained a Japanese sub- America Had a Civilization as Great N Yucatan, half hidden by tropic jungles, sleeps the ruins of a great American civ- ilization. Tt flourished and pros- pered before the time of Christ. It rivaled the grandeur of an- cient Egypt. But, although it contributed to the history and development of North America, its ruins stand today almost unknown and practically unearthed. American scientists and phil- anthropists have poured time and money into Egypt. Ame ican tourists have gone in pil- grimages to pay homage at Egyptian shrines. American women have copied ancient Egyptian styles. Meanwhile, the Maya temples and shrines have slept peacefully bencath their green growth of jungle. One man has helped to make this ancient American civiliza- tion known to the world. That man_is Edward H. Thompson, and in the accompanying inter- view he tells the graphic story of his trials and his final dis- coveries. —_———— Goths. Always in history we find that the least civilized and more war- like races push out the .more cul- tured people.” “When did all this happen?” I ask- ed Mr. Thompson. “That-is what I and a good many others have been trying to figure out,” the explorer replied with a quizzical smile. “We have found one stone which gives us the date of 286 A.D. That is definite. .But at that time, the Maya civilization was at its peak, so that it must have existed long be- fore that. I do know that the Maya calendar was functioning 3,600 years ago. That calendar, by the way, is the best proof of Maya culture. Our own calendar must be corrected every four years—that is, we add one day —leap year—every four vears. But the Maya calendar was so perfect that it was corrected only once every 108 vears.” “People of the Snake.” Mr. Thompson explained how the Mayas had finally built a beautiful religious city on the Peninsula of Yucatan, which served as their holy of holles. The name of the city was Chichen - Ttza, which means ‘“The Mouth Wells of the People of the Snake."” The “wells” refer to two great limestone sink-holes, one of which was sacred and yielded much rich treasure to Thompson’s diving exploits. The “People of the Snake” was another name for the Mayas, be- cause of their worship of the rattle- snake, The story of one man's struggle to prove to the world the importance of this ancient efvilization reads like fiction and it was with difficulty that I got the explorer to tell it. “As I had no money,” Mr. Thomp- son finally explained, “I got the Gov- ernment to appoint me as United States consul at Merida with the understanding that I could devote part of my time to exploring. “I dug ground for a number of Yyears with surprisingly good luck. The natives used to say that I read the inscriptions on the buildings and then knew where to dig; but of course I could read very few of the glyphs, and in fact even expert archeologists can read only 20 per cent of them. “But all this time I had the idea that the sacred well would yield up more secrets than any other spot in Chichen Itza, and I determined to see what was at the bottom of it. The Indians had confided to me their legend that it was a sacrificial well, and that in olden days beautiful maidens and gold and jade were thrown in to appease the gods. Became Expert Diver. “The water in the well was about 40 feet deep, and there was 40 feet of mud below that. Diving to the bottom was a job to baffle an expert, but I determined to become an expert. I went to Boston and got a job scraping the bottoms of deep sea vessels in a diving suit. Then I returned to Chichen Itza and laid out my cam- paign. The sacred well was 168 feet in dlameter, and I did not want to have to explore the entire bottom of this rather large area. So I figured 1925—PART 2. ject in the view of Japanese law un- less and until such subject, by his own act, renounced his Japanese citl- zenship and adopted another. Now, under American law, a person born in America becomes an American citizen without any act of his own—acquires American citizenship automatically by virtue of birth in the country. Doing Away With Dual Citizenship. “It followed, therefore, that Amer- ican-born Japanese inherited two citi- zenships, Japanese and American. Mr. Morris objected to this dual allegiance, and his objection seemed to me rea- sonable. His position concerning our law of property I also felt able to re- gard not unfavorably. On my return to Japan, and on becoming minister for foreign affairs, I recommended to the Diet an alteration of our laws of nationality and property in accordance with the point of view urged upon me by Mr. Morris. My recommendation prevailed. Our laws were changed. As to Japanese emigration to the United States, we stopped it in con- formity with the terms of the ‘gentle- men's agreement.’ “You then feit,” T remarked, “that Japan had done all she could to clear the way for the test of Japanese as- similability in America and to advance toward a complete Japano-American accord?” “That is how we felt.” When Americans Make Mistakes. “And what should you say of the American response?” “I will tell you a story,” replied Baron Shidehara, his air of close thought passing and a reminiscent smile breaking over his face. “I was in Washington when the American Congress took action with reference to the Panama tolls question. Lord Bryce was British Ambassador to Washington then. On the Sunday fol- lowing the act of the Congress I dropped in, as was my occasional wont, to see Lord Bryce at the Brit- ish embassy. In the course of our desultory talk 1 said to Lord Bryce, ‘Your objection to the tolls bill has been overruled.’ ‘Yes,’ was his reply ‘What are you going to do about it? I inquired. “Lord Bryce looked at me calmly. ‘Nothing,’ said he. ‘There is nothing to be done. There is no use doing anything. The American people may make mistakes. They may commit in- justices. But, in the end, they always | of their own will put them right. It {is in their history.” On our side—the side of Japan—things had not been going as we should have wished in California. Indeed, almost at the same time that the Congress passed the toll the legislature of California passed the anti-alien land law. Pres- ently Lord Bryce sald to me, ‘And what are you going to do about the California situation?” 1 replied in- stantly, ‘We are going to do what you are going to do—nothing.’ Prophecy of Understanding. After some unfeigned laughter, Baron Shidehara continued: *“Shortly before the wise and delightful British | statesman died we chanced to meet again in Washington. He had come over to speak at the Institute of Poli- | ties in Willlamstown. He ran down from New York to Washington to calil upon some of his old friends at the State Department, and we encountered each other in the reception room. We | bad a chat. It was of old times in the American capital. Panama tolls came up. ‘You see I was right,’ said Lord Bryce. ‘Yes,' I agreed, ‘vou were right about the Panama canal.’ Lord Bryce glanced at me and we smiled. ‘California,’” said I, ‘'still awaits the fulfiliment of your proph ‘Do you think history,” I inquired, “wili prove Lord Bryce a bad prophet relative to Japin?” “No,” answered Baron Shidehara with emphasis. “We all in this country, or certainly those of us who Jnow America, retain our _confidence (Continued on Fifteenth Page.) out the point from which the maidens must have been thrown in, and then I myself threw logs of wood equal in weight to that of a girl. In this way T calculated the sector in which most of the treasure must lie. Dredging Sacred Well. “With all this completed, I went back to Boston, where I had to raise the money to finance the work, and met with a committee of archeologists and philanthropists. For several hours 1 explained my theories and they tried to show me that I was dead wrong. Those were tense mo- ments, 1 can tell you. Finally they told me to go ahead. “Immediately I started dredging the mud from the area within which I had thrown the logs. We pulled out the fossil remains of a jaggur, a deer, a tree, a broken vase or two, but noth- |ing valuable. At times I was afraid my advisers in Boston had been right, and was almost ready to quit. But we kept on. Finally the mud was all cleared away and the well was ready for the actual diving. “I had sent for an experienced Greek diver, and together we took the first plunge, 80 feet, to the bottom. The first trip was only to map out the bottom. The second began to vield us results. We brought up two balls full of incense, and a golden god. Ninety Skeletons Discovered. “Well, you know the rest,” Mr. Thompson concluded. “We continued the diving for two years and discover- ed 90 skeletons, and a collection of jade and golden images which I shan't try to describe and which you have probably already seen in the Peabody Museum. “Do you think there is anything else remalning on the bottom of the pool?” I asked. “Not of any value. We scoured the bottom pretty thoroughly and prob- ably got everything except the stuff which might have slipped down into the crevices between the rocks. Before we quit 1 was able to feel my way around the bottom of that old pool like my own bedroom in the dark.” “Why were the maidens thrown into the pool?” I asked my final question. Messengers to Snake God. “We believe that they were messen- gers to the Maya god, which was call- ed the Great Snake God. According to the tradition which has been hand- ed down to the present-day Mayas, these maidens were the most beautiful in the tribe, and their selection as sa- cred messengers was considered a great honor. If a mole was found on any part of their body, they were re- jected as unfit. They were feasted and waited upon for days before the sac- rifice, and when the great moment came they leaped to the water in a sort of religious frenzy such as ex- perienced by the whirling dervishes and some other Eastern religious sects. Their neighbors threw in after them their most precious belongings of copper, jade and gold.” Mr. Thompson now owns the planta- tion on which stands most of the an- clent city of Chichen Itza, and, having concluded his own labors of explora- tion, he has turned the plantation over to the Carnegie Foundation to continue the work of resurrecting America’s most ancient and cultured civilization. Story Week Has Told Comprehensive Survey of Latest Events in United States an BY HENR HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important recent news of the world: Great Britain.—On June 9 the fifty- fifth anniversary of the death of Djckens was marked by the dedica- tfon to the British nation of one of the most interesting of Dickens' dwelling places in London, namely, 48 Doughty street, to which house he brought his bride, the charming Catherine Hogarth, and where he wrote the latter part of “Pickwick,” “Oliver Twist” and “Nicholas Nickle- by.” It is a pity we cannot have preserved all of the dwelling places in London of the man thanks to whom early Victoria London is ev- eryman's home town, who added as much as any man has added to the perennial store of jollity in the world, and who did as much as any has one to raise the self-respect of the ‘plain_people.” Sir Samuel Hoare, the British min- ister of air, is organizing a uni- versity air squadron at Oxford and another at Cambridge. He is estab- lishing airplane clubs all over the tight little isle for instruction pur- poses. * * X ¥ France.—The more tures of Caillaux’s bill “for relief of the difficulties of the treasury for lightening of the public debt” are follows: 1. Authorization for increase of the note circulation of the Bank of France from 45,000,000,000 to 51,000,- 000,000 francs and for new advances from the bank to the government to a limit of 6,000,000,000 francs. 2. Authorization for a new loan on terms very advantageous to sub- scribers, but to which only holders of national defense bonds should be allowed to subscribe—strictly a con- version and consolidation loan which should go some way toward relieving the pressure of the floating debt. The bill was passed on June 27. The increase of the note issue, with the corresponding advances from the bank to the treasury, is solely enable the latter to redeem bonds in cases where holders will not consent to conversion. Before the first of the new yvear maturities to the tune of 21,000,000,000 francs have to be dealt with. The emergency necessitating these measures is the outgrowth of condi- tions and policles sufficiently. discussed in previous numbers of this summary. Caillaux neatly calls the operation ““A liquidation of the past.” He says that acceptance of his 1926 budget with its increase of taxation by 4,000,000,000 francs, would definitely close the era of loans. He has his work cut out for him to get that budget accepted against Socfalist resistance. The ex- changes have shown their approval of the bill by a certain rise of the franc. The French government has for. mally notified our Government that it will soon be ready to enter on negotiations at Washington looking to the funding of the debt of the French government to ours. Such negotiations must, I understand, pre suppose adoption by the French Par liament of Caillaux’s 1926 balanced budget important fea- The Moroccan War.—The fighting in the French protectorate of Morocco during__the week past was severe Abd-el Krim attacked with determina- tion on a wide front, in particular making a fierce thrust toward Tasa, and, foiled, he stubbornly contested the French counter offensive. But, though the Riff chieftain was repulsed with heavy losses, vet in a mordl sense he gained, because the mere fact that the French role is a de- tensive one is injurious to French prestige with the tribes in or near the fighting zone, and the injurious effect is cumulative with continuance of that role. On all hands it is ad- mitted that a powerful French of- fensive, which should = sweep Rifflans out of the French protectorate and badly punish them in the process, is necessary if disastrous conse. quences from the depression of French prestige are to be escaped. In deed, the whole French position in Africa is involved. One hears that during his advance many wavering tribesmen went over to Abd-el-Krim. Negotlations concerning Morocco between French and Spanish repre sentatives are still in process at Madrid. * xR Italy.—On June 21 the Italian camera adjourned to the Autumn. having at the last moment, by passage of a bill for regulation of the press and another giving the government authority to issue decrees to have the effect of law, gloriously consum mated a program of legislation for “Fascistization of the Italian state.” The Senate has still to act upon some of the more important items of the program. The London Times having charac terized this legislation as “gagging of the press, forbidding of free speech aad public meetings, and arming of the executive with arbitrary and ir- responsible powers,” Mussolini tele- graphed the Times requesting “recti fication” of such defamatory lan- guage. The Times refused to rectif The Washington negotiations look- ing to funding of the debt of the Ttalian to the United States Govern- ment have been suspended in order to enable the Italian representati to procure from Italy more brecise statistical information as to Italy's capacity to pay Tt is understood that the negotia- tions will be resumed in August. " Russia.—The following item is a little faded, but necessary to our rec- ord: Dierjinsky, head of the Supreme Economic Couneil at Moscow, has signed a concession giving W. A. Har- riman & Co. the right to exploit for 20 years important mauganese mines in Georgia (Transcaucasia). The Moscow experts figure that the Moscow government should receive about $60,000,000 in royalties during the concession period, and that th Harriman profits should be twic sum. The world will watch wigh in- terest the Harriman gamble on Red Muscovite faith and fortune. * ¥ k % Arabia.—Recent reports indicate that the fortune of Ali, King of the Hejaz (Arabia), have taken a favorable turn. One report tells of reoccupation by Hejaz forces of Bedr Honen, on the Hejaz railway, about 200 miles north by west of Mecca. Another report states that on June 20 the Sultan of Nejd withdrew his Wahhabite army from Jidda, where he had iong held Al besieged. The sultan, adds the report, has retired to Mecca. Appar- ently, also (it is not perfectly clear), the siege of Akaba has been raised. The above may not seem important at first blush, but it really is of great importance. * %k * China.—The anti-foreign agitation in China has remarkably subsided. The native mercantile establishments and banks in the international settlement of Shanghal have rsumed business, but apparently the strike continues rigidly, at least against British and Japanese mills and shipping. The negotations respecting the Shanghai disturbances, between rep- resentatives of the Peking govern- to| the | d Abread. Y W. BUNN ment and diplomatic representatives of the powers, which were begun and broken off at Shanghai, are to be re sumed at Peking in the near future. Discussion will be strictly limited to |the determination of immediate re- sponsibility for the disturbances. Pre. sumably it is Peking’s intention that discussion of the larger questions in the background shall be taken up in due course. Perhaps the most im portant news item of the week co cerning China fs to the effect t the instance of M. Briand, the French chamber has recommended ratification of the two Washington conference treaties respecting China. The treaty on Chinese “integrity” and the “tre: on the Chinese tariff.” The only ratification lacking to those treaties is the French. The “treaty on Chinese integrity” is of tremendous importance as a gen eral statement of the new attitude of the powers toward China. Indeed, i may reasonably be interpreted conceding in essence all that China claimed in the 10 principles which she asked the Washington conferees to adopt. But of more immediate im portance in the present situation are the treaty on the Chinese tariff and certain conference resolution not, as | understand it, requiring ratification This resolution called for a commis slon of jurists (one member to be ap {pointed by each government repre |sented in the conference) which should meet in China within three months of |the adjournment of the conference. should investigate and should, within 15 months of adjournment of the con ference, render a report covering rec ommendations as to improvements which might warrant abolition of the | exercise of extraterritorial jurisdic |tion in China Certainly the powers are at most only partially to blame for absence to date of action pursuant to that reso lution. The Chinese government asked for a year's postponement of the meet ing of the commission, the reason for the request being obvious—more fa vorable conditions for the meeting |have not since developed. Neverthe less, the Chinese public is, thanks 1o the agitators thful over the delay and no doubt the powers will soo! give earnest of their benignant inten tions in this matter Far more just is the resentment of the Chinese on account of the d of action pursuant to the trea: the Chinese tariff. The object of the | treaty was to provide the Peking gov |ernment with a revenue answerable {to the second-root “principle,” which declares the intention of the powers “to provide the fullest and most un embarrassed opportunity to China to develop and maintain for herself ef fective and stable government.” No doubt France will soon ratify and no doubt suitable action by the powers will promptly follow ratifica. |tion. "Every one admits that China has been monstrously ill-treated in the {matter of her tariff. But Chinese re |sentment on this head is improperly | itrated against Britain and Jap {an. The British and Japanese treaties {of 1902 and 1803 with China provide | for more generous concessions to {China than those contemplated by the | Washington treaty condition that the other treaty powers would make like concessions, but of those powers |only the United States was willing. | * % % % | United States of America.—A series of _earthquake: 2 Calif., on June ously damaged, tion of the city’s buildings and killed 11 persons. The buildings of the famous Santa! Barbara Mission are badly damaged. The total loss is es timated at_about $10.000,000. On July 2 the tri-district convention of the United Mine Workers of Amer- ica (representing ,000 anthracite miners) in session at Scranton, under the presidency of John L. Lewis adopted a set of demands drawn up by the scale committee to be served upon the anthracite operators when representatives of operators and miners meet at Atlantic City on the 9th for discussion of an agreement to supersede the present agreement which expires August 31. The most important of the demands are a two year contract, a wage incre f 10 per cent for contract mi $1 a day for day men, recognition of the union” adoption by the “check-off” as in dustry). _Addressing the convention, Mr L#wis charged repudiation of the Jacksonville bituminous agreement (which expires April 1, 1927) by sev- eral soft coal companies, and a con spiracy involving several large rail road systems and bituminous coal companies to destroy Ahe United Mine Workers, and he threatened a strike of bituminous miners should these alleged grievances not be remedied. The situation is not unlike that of two vears ago., when a deadlock (in volving a suspension of work) was ended by the interposition of Gov Pinchot of Pennsylvania. On that oc casion the operators most reluctantls granted a 10 per cent wage increase The proceedings at Atlantic City wil be watched with interest The convention resolved in favor of abolition of the prohibition amend ment. Our fleet of 57 vessels left the Ha walian Islands on July 1 for its great voyage to Australia and New Zealand. Forty-three of the vessels are fighting craft, the rest auxlliaries. No sub marines are included. Twenty-seven hydroplanes are carried. The cruise is the consummation of this year's naval exercises, so interesting and important. The return voyage will begin about August 25. The overnight New York-Chicago Air Mail Service was successfully in stituted on the night of July 1.2. A splendid development. One plane leaves New York and one Chicago each night in the week except Sat- urday. Our Army polo team, after its glori ous victory over the British Army team, was on June 27 defeated by the redoubtable four headed by the Maharaja of Jodhpur. Many Dogs in Germany Work for Their Living Germany is the country of many dogs—big dogs, little dogs, long-legged police dogs and legless dachshunds. On the average one German in every 15 possesses a dog. In Berlin the pro- portion is 1 in 17 and in Cologne 14n 19. For licenses for these dogs large sums are paid. Of Germany’s 4,000,000 canines, 3,333,334 live in the country and presumably earn their bread, while 626,000 belong to the city dwell- ers and figure in dogs shows and dog pounds. Five thousand belong to the Army and the police and work hard for a living. Th “complete (i. e. in chief operators of the the bituminous in as Restoring Haddon Hall. In order that he may devote his whole time to the restoration of Had- don Hall, the historic home of Doro- thy Vernon, the Duke of Rutland has decided to give up his town house in London. He has taken charge of the work of restoration, determined that every new feature of the hall and the grounds shall be in keeping with its period and romantic associations. S