Evening Star Newspaper, June 9, 1925, Page 6

/ THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JUNE 9, 1925. .THE EVENING STAR: - With_Sunday_Morning Rlitisa . WASHINGTOI: D. C. _TUESDAY.... .June 9, 1925 #eeks of the Mayflower. ' ®he President traces parmilels be~ton felt justified’ in predicting Storms. ftween the two colonizing enterprises and points out the sturdy spirit janimating the Norsemen who came THEODOR® W. NOYES. .. .Editor e Bu : 11th St. and New Pork” Ge: TH6 Evet 1ind. 5t Shitars Ofce: 10 el European Office: 16 Regent St.. London, The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- “ing edition. is delivered by carriers within over here a century ago and thus started a movement of migration which has had a very important In- fluence upon the North American clvilization. From the Restaurationen a century ago with her 52 passen- gers down to date there have come here from Scandanavia a great mul- titude of men and women who have F h: dail; ly. e e, o B ity =0 cents |identified themselves with American Grmonth. Orders may be sent by mall o |customs and laws, and institutions, . Aelsphone Main 5000 {'sarrier at the end of each month. Rate b, ryland and Virginia. Iy and Sunday....1yr.38.40:1mo. al) Cieeee...13r.$6.00: 1 mo. Sinday ony . 137782:40; 1 mo. ‘ All Other States. Daily and Sunday. M ly .. .00: 1 mo.. Sunx&’ononly . $3.00: 1 mo.. 2 Member of the ;Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 1o the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited 10 it or not otherwise cred- jted in this paper and also the local news published herein. Al rights of publication ©f special dispatches herein are also reserved. The Gitlow Decision. In a decision maintained by the as- Rent of seven of the nine justices, the Supreme Court has sustained the con- Etitutionality of the New York statute under which Benjamin Gitlow was ~convicted of criminal anarchy in 1920 and sentenced to a prison term of from 5 to 10 years. The majority of the court holds that the State law is ot contrary to the “freedom of ~speech” provision of the Federal Con- stitution, and that the defendant was Dot convicted without “due process of law.” It holds that the State has the right to protect itself against the overthrow of organized government, and that Gitlow’s utterances and writ- ings were calculated to foster & sub- versive movement of that character. Much latitude has been granted in this country to the exponents of anarchistic doctrines and advocates of mass movements for the overthrow of government. Their language has in the main been academic, loose and rarely specific, and seldom have they gZone to the point of definite sedition. In the present decision the Supreme Court holds that the defendant was engaging in, not an ‘“expression of philosophical abstraction,” or a ““mere prediction of future events,” but was using the language of direct incite- ment. It thus distinguishes between the theorizer and the advocate and planner of an actually subversive movement. : The dissenting opinion filed in this case, supported by two members of the court, holds that the language upon which conviction was based was @ot seditious because of its futility. *The minority of the court holds that “there was no present danger of an attempt to overthrow the Government by force on the part of the admit- dly small minority who shared the defendants’ views.” In short, accord- ing to this concept of the case, the measure of sedition lies in the number of those whose opinion it expresses end not in the chara; posal, plan or theory. often said that successful sedition is revolution, and that revolution is war- ranted if it represents e majority sentiment of the people. Thus, ac- cording to the minority opinion of the eourt, there is no such crime as sub- versive anarchism, for If it fails it is theoretical and futile, and if it suc- Ceeds it is justifiable public opinion. Denial of the freedom of speech is not involved in the enactment and enforcement of laws which are de- signed to protect the state from sub- versive radicalism. Advocacy of a theory of a different form of govern- ment is not denied. But in this case, as in many others that have not come to the point of prosecution and pun- ishment, in large degree in conse- quence of a policy of tolerance, there was actually a call for action, a sum- moning of the forces of disruption, a mandate for revolt. “I was only theorizing, only point- ing out the wr to the ideal govern- ment,” says the anarchist who is held for seditious utterances. “I was only exercising the right of free speech in expressing my opinion of what gov- ernment should be, not raising the standard of rebellion.” Such in effect was the defense in the Gitlow case. “The Supreme Court s: now that that is no defense, that incitation to revolution for the overturning of gov- ernment is a crime against the United States or against any State that has a specific statute such as that of New York, which is now sustained. This @ecision will strengthen the defenses of this country against radical sub- version. Even though the defendant in this case, who has already served a considerable length of time in prison, should be now pardened by Gov. Smith of New York, the decision stands as a safeguard for sound government. : e June has broken heat records in several ways. The ‘“coolest day on record” would be a welcome variation in the Summer story —— The Norse Movement. Tn his address at the Norwegian rentennial celebration at Minneap- ‘lis yesterday President Coolidge revealed himself in a new phase, hitherto undisclosed to the people, as a student and expounder of his- tory. His remarks on public occa- sions have usually dealt with so- elal and economic themes, in the handling of which he has displayed that sound “common sense” that is his chief characteristic. 1In this speech, however, he tells a story, and tells it vividly and with dra- matic force, in a manner to interest the people of the country in a phase of American development that has not been sufficiently studied or ap- preciated. The celebration in Minnesota is in sommemoration of the centennial of ‘ine arrival in this country of the first “colony” of modern: Norsemen— not the first in history, but the nioneers of the present rle. These people came over in a little sloop, the Restaurationen, which sailed from Norway July 4, 1825, “with a desperately heavy cargo of iron and a party of 32 people.” Her voyage made by Mail—Payable in Advance. who have been rich producers of wealth, sturdy citizens, always ready to serve the country in any capacity, a source of strength to the land. Applying the theme of the Norse movement to the national situation, the President said: Although this movement of peo- ple originated in Norway, in its es- sence and its meaning it is pecu- liarly American. It has nothing about it of class or caste. It has no tinge of aristocracy. It was not produced through the leadership of some great figure. It is represented almost entirely by that stalwart strain who make the final decisions in this world, which we designate the common people. It has about it a strength of the home and the fire- side; the family ties of the father and the mother, the children and the kindred. It has all been carried on very close to the soil; it has all been extremely human. When I consider the marvelous results it has ac- complished I cannot but believe that it was inspired by a Higher Power. Here is something vital, firm and abiding, which I can only describe as a great reality. e = Washington's Public Bath Needs. For years Washington has struggled with Its outdoor bathing problem. To- day, owing to the failure of Congress to make provision for public bath- ing beaches in the Tidal Basin, the city, with nearly half a million people, is back where it was a quarter of a century ago. Owing to the great in- crease in population and to the in- crease in the pollution of the Poto- mac and Anacostia Rivers near Wash- Ington, the situation really is much worse than it formerly was. When Congress does undertake to solve this problem—and it could scarcely be so lacking in appreciation as to fail to tackle it at its next ses- sion—it should undertake to build up a system of public baths that looks to the future as wall as to the pres- ent. A few pools, here and there, would scarcely meet the outdoor bath- ing needs of a great city, growing constantly greater, located in a sec- tion where bathing can be partici- pated in five months of the year. Washington has a great river flow- ing past its doors. Always since the city began its people have in consid- erable numbers bathed in its waters. It is a great potential source of out- door bathing, provided it can be made reasonably safe from a sanitary point of view and provided proper beaches, bathhouses and guards are established and maintained. The United States Public Healta Service, under the direction of Surg. Gen. Cumming, and in co-operation with the public health officer of the District, is about to begin a survey of the Potomac River which may point the way for Congress to make Poto- mac River bathing safe and sanitary. The waters of the river are polluted Ly sewage under existing conditions. But there is reason to believe that through further development and im- provement of the system of sewers and sewage disposal a great reduction in this pollution can be brought about. { The survey by the health authorities { will disclose the extent of pollution |and the engineering projects needed | to clean up the water. These projects may require a considerable expendi- { ture of money; they may require time. But such works are not merely for today. There are other reasons be- sides outdoor bathing why steps should be taken to reduce poliu- tion in the Potomac River and to pre- vent its ever becoming a nuisance and a disease breeder as the population constantly grows. The criticism that Washington has fallen behind other great American municipalitie€, has not kept pace in the development of its school system, !in its streets and highways, has been made frequently. There is no shadow of doubt but what it has been and is sadly lacking in public bathing facili- ties when compared to other cities. | Chicago, New York, Boston and many shaller cities have spent great sums to provide their people with public baths, and many of them have been far more progressive than Washing- tdn in the matter of disposing of sew- age so as to minimize the pollution of the streams and lakes on their borders. Washington has to look al- ways to Congress for relief in such matters, for Congress holds the purse strings and says where and how the money shall be expended. The report of the Public Health { Service on its survey of the Potomac !River, which will be completed long before Congress assembles, should pro- vide the necessary information upon which the legislators can act intelli- | gently and promptly to remedy the | situation here so far as public bathing is concerned. — st | Nobody is sufficiently sentimental about Darwinism to cause Col. Bryan's attitude in the matter to interfere with his persuasions as a salesman of Florida real estate. et Canada’s claim to ownership of the Arctic regions is a thrifty move, con- R e Accurate Weather Forecasting. The progress of the science of serles of accurate weather forecasts. The correctness of the predictions shows that though meteorology is not et all that an exact science should be, its tendency is toward perfection, and it also shows that a forecaster can read with precision data as they are formulated. The heat wave was predicted. When the weather ~was moderate, perhaps somewhat below the average sea- !sonal temperature, the local forecast was that a hot time was coming. Day by day there was an accurate forecast of the weather of the mor- \ CF SR ed 14 weeks, as against tfe %jrow. server or comimentator in ~- When the temperature is around 100, the atmosphere still and heavy and clouds are gathering, a thunder- storm and rain may safely be fore- cast. Day after day for several days the weather forecaster said there would be no thunderstorm in Washington today, tonight or to- morrow. He was right. As long ago us last Friday the weather fore- caster said that the heat in Wash- ington would’ probably begin to: wane on Monday, and on Saturday and Sunday he predicted local elec- tric storms and rain for this neigh- borhood. They came and the atmos- phere and the earth grew less warm. On Sunday and Monday before the predicted local rains had come it was forecast that while there would be a drop in temperature, the weath- er would continue warm, but that a cloudy sky would probably shelter Washington to some extent from the sun. All of which was correct. e — The best of all Hints for Hot ‘Weather is “Use Common Sense.” In an age of fanciful theorizing this pre- cept has been in danger of neglect. If it can be restored to intelligent atten- tion by the experience of the recent season the hot wave will not have been without its benefit. ————— Americans are famous for their de- termination to bathe. In the absence of safeguarded facilities they take a chance in dangerous waters. The drownings this Summer are already sufficiently numerous to offer a statis- tical argument for the establishment of public beaches. e A personage styling himself Prince of Dahomey succeeded in passing sev- eral hundred dollars’ worth of bad checks in New York. Every once in a while some out-of-town buyer suc- ceeds in getting the best of the great metropolis. ————————————— The Weather Bureau has proved it- self reliable in good news as well as the bad. Opponents of science will be compelled to admit that the forecast- ers have succeeded in making it do a great deal of practical and valuable work. ! | Whatever it may be, from wampum to gold, there can be only one kind of real money at a time. Germany ex- hausted the experiment of having one currency basis for the payvment of debt and another for its collection. ————— “Rum row" is reported to have been wiped off the map from Cape May to Boston. This is an achievement even though it leaves a number of miles of the Atlantic coast line still to be accounted for. B I The airman is warned not to forget his parachute, an article of even more precautionary value than the um- brella is to the person destined to! tread the ordinary earth. S Paris announces that stockings will be worn. As a matter of national economy this is important. The stock. ing is the place where many people carry their savings. SR 2 S L N Chinese philosophers have claimed that revolutions are inevitable. There may yet be a movement in the “‘Celes- tial Empire” to limit the teachings of the school books. ——e— The fact that polshevism has been a fajlure in Russia does not prevent its sponsors from insisting that it can be made a success in China. . The June weather forecast indicates a willingness to subside and give June poetry its customary opportunity. A bathing costume was formerly a concealment. It is now an embellish- ment. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Family Pride. Said the grave Baboon to the Chim- panzee, “There’s a heap o' talk 'bout our fam'ly tree.” Said the Chimpanzee to the grave Baboon, “We'll both be respected, pretty soon. “We don’t smoke weeds and we never call For a high percentage of alcohol. ‘There ought to be medals for you and me,” Said the grave Baboon to the Chim- panzee. The Spotlight. ‘““What do you consider the most important branch of the Govern- ment?” “Importance shifts,” answered Sena- tor Sorghum. “For the past few weeks the branch of the Government that has been most respected is the Weather Bureau.” “ Righteous Aspiration. 1 want to be an angel. I crave celestial grace, Enabling me to travel Secure, from place to place. sidering the present demand for ice. |, capitalize it as an ice plant. meteorology is shown in the me;fl"fiu&" 1 want to be an angel And figure as an ace And never have to worry Concerning parking space. Jud Tunkins says there’s no doubt that the North Pole will be a great success if somebody can find a way A Superior Position. “Your boy Josh seems a trifle super- “Yep,” answered Farmer Corntos- sel. “Josh knows as well as I do that no matter how conscientious and hard workin’ I may be I'll never stand a chance of being’ elected to member- ship in his frat.” Water Supply. ‘When Noah set his Ark adrift Upcn the raging main, He said, “Let this our hearts uplift; We needn’t pray for rain.” “Oratory,” said Uncle Eben, *look: to me like it done gone out o' politics and Interested itself in salesmanship. The unscientify - wather flh-[ {almost exactly, |late BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The so-called “popular song"” is the song of youth. ‘That {s why it has always appealed to me, I suppose, because 1 most cer- tainly want to belong to that group 80 pleasantly held up to us in the catch phrase, “Millions now living will never die.” While one may be permitted a_sus- picion that most of those millions will cease to exist as per schedule, according to all mundgne .tests, the thought behind that optimistic state- ment is much the same as the uncon- scious one incorporated in our popular songs. It is the spirit of youth, of life at full ebb, seeking happiness and love, the two mainsprings of our existence. The popular song might be spelled “pup-ular song” without too violently wrenching its meaning. ‘When the boys on the corner get their heads together over ‘‘Sweet Adeline,” it is a sure sign that they are young, and that the lady being serenaded may possess any name in the world behind the general title. Sweet Adeline is, then, the young woman in our youthful dreams. “You're the flower of'—and what a mighty “of” it is, to be sure—'my heart, sweet Adeline.” “Sweet A-de-line!” Hear the second tenor drawl out, in caressing accents, those last four notes—G, F sharp, F natural, E. How grateful our ears are for that declining run, settling to rest so peacefully, calmly, on that E, while the first tenor ends the melody on C, the others chiming in all down the scale. L, The popular song has run through a strange gamut, to take it back no farther than the Spanish War day. when you and 1 were young—ver, young, Maggie. We were not too young, howover, {o appreciate “All Coons Look Alike to Me.” The fundamental felicity of the title struck our youthful imaginations so forcefully that we remember it to this day. This was one song in which the title walked away with the honors. Usual- ly it is the other way around, the mu- sic usurping first place, a tendency that has increased adewn the years, culminating in the modern fox tro But to get back hurriedly to ‘98, those hectic years when small boy took great delight in cards showi picture of the Maine, with fuse attached. It was great sport to light the fuse, watch it creep under the pictured water to the boat. and then see the Maine blown out of the puinted ocean. & “My Gal's a High Born Lady” wus another one of those old songs whose melody was better, and so is recalled to this day with more or less cuse. The construction of those old *‘coon songs” was extremely simple. Every decade since then has had its methods of popular song makin=z. (mne fairly familiar with them, especially orchestra players, can give the year on hearing a plece. They do not have to know tha title. words or even be familiar with the the ending the years. of a Durin ong the it in places vogue of any of the popular wiiters ot easily sung and easily remembered songs a method is evolved, usuaily <ul- minating in the ending: Good song writers are distinzulshed by their endings. The melodies of the Victor Herbert, whose c while more musican! yet eminently popular, shone particu- larly in the endings. | It was almost as if Herbert signed his name at the finish of each piena. There is a_peculiar satisfaction of 1k ear in each one of his endings. Pra Glenn Frank as College Head Considered a New Departure Unusual attention has been attract- ed by the drafting of Glenn Frank from his post as editor of the Century Magazine to serve as president of the University of Wisconsin. While Dr. Frank's preparation included four years as assistant to the president of Northwestern University, he has been an editor and publicist rather than an educator, in the ordinary sense, and his selection by Wisconsin is viewed as bringing a new force ihto the col- lege field. The university under President Frank “will be no dull place,” the St. Paul Dispatch believes. “His whole career has touched closely on scholar- ly interests and pursuits.” The S Paul paper continues: ‘“The presi- dency of so great a university as Wis- consin is an exacting position. It re- quires a scholar who is also a compe- tent man of affairs, and if he is also a publicist and a successful lecturer, as Mr. Frank is, so much the better. Be- sides possessing all these qualities, Mr. Frank is a man of many and vigorous convictions.” A further estimate of his character is made by the Dulith Herald, which states: *He sees things whole, in all their intricate relations with other things. His fertile and cu- rious mind probes beneath the sur- face, seeking and finding the general principles that explain and guide. And he cannot go far wrong on the princi- ple that he lays down when he says that he will be loyal to the thought that ‘sound policy must grow out of honesty and an unhampered investi- gation of the fact.’" “Wisconsin has probably made no mistake in choosing Frank for the presidency of its great university declares the Lincoln State Journal, in paying a tribute to one who “left the community abuzz with the sthnula- tion of his mind and personality” on the occasion when he was a com- mencement orator at Nebragka's uni- versity. “For some time he has had the look of being one of the country’s best brains,” adds the State Journal. * ¥ x ¥ The Ohio State Journal says Frank “has been a leader of thought as edi- tor of the Century and will be expect- ed to continue to lead when he takes up his new work.” What he brings to the university “is a vision of young manhood, a virile mind, a good phy- sique and an ambition to succeed—a modernist in all things,” remarks the Janesville Gazette. An insight into events as they are is credited to Mr. Frank by the Chris- tian Science Monitor. “Those who di- rect the policies of representative magazines or newspapers,” the Moni- tor explains, “gain an intimate back- stage view, as it were, of much that is going on in the public thought. Not all of the knowledge thus gained is displayed in print. Its exploitation would not always be helpful. No good end would be served thereby. But one who gains, through experience and direct contact, an appreciation of these varying phases of thought and opinion is admittedly better equipped to analyze them and to classify and segregate that which is constructive and helpful than are those who, no matter how conscientiously and stu- diously, seek to adapt theoretical knowledge to the solttion of perplex- ing human problems.” The South Bend Tribune believes, too, that Mr. Frank has “charm of personality and is at the right age to begin in Wiscon- sin an administration of vigor and policy in tune with the times.” - The question of closer co-opera- tion between public life and univer- sity activities is emphasized by th Brooklyn Eagle. “It is Glenn Frank theory,” states the Bagle, “that a State university should be the ral- Iying ground and repository for the " THIS AND THA |stuff in it, of being a “big hit.” I tically every one of the hundreds of songs he wrote in his score or more light operas has this quality of the “happy ending” to the nth degree. * Kk ok ok “Ta-Ra-Ra-Ra-Boom-De-Aye” was another of the old songs, distinguished by real, though simple, inveption. Re- cently Gladys Rice revived it over radio, from Roxle’s studio, and it made as big a hit over the air as it formerly did in the theater. “There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight” is still with us when- ever a festive gang gets together. It Fand “‘Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here" are the perennials of popular songs. Time does not wither nor singing stale these old favorites. There is an- other one that comes to mind that belongs in this category, a song that boys and young men today sing with as much vim as the youngsters of several decades ago. It is “Oh, Didn’t He Ramble,” re- counting the migrations of a certain animal until the “butcher cut him down.” Bullard's great “Stein Song" is only sung once to 10,000 perform- ances of “Oh, Didn’t He Ramble.” One cannot touch on the old popu- lar songs without bringing in “After the Ball Was Over.” That effort stand- ardized the waltz in popular music. Its latest cousin is “When You and I Were Seventeen,” now to be heard everywhere, on the records and over radio. ‘“After the Ball” had a real idea be- hind it, a musical “plot,” if you can call it that—a pattern, to be more ex- act, that has held it from oblivion. “Rufus Rastus Johnson Brown, What You Gonna Do When de Rent Comes ’Round,” was the forerunner of a long list of similaraly named songs. Then came the tour de force, “Love Me, and the World Is Mine.” That still is & good song. No one today could stand “Bedelia,” but any one can hear Ball's big hit played or sung with real pleasure, just as they do “Mother Machree."” i That is one of the peculiarities of popular songs. Just why some of them “‘go big” while others, seemingly equal- ly good, are failures with the public is one of the standing mysteries ,f the profession. Take “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.” It made a tremendous sensation in its day, being a good tune, with a dis- tinct pattern; but many others per. haps as good failed to score with the | buyers of popular songs, One of the charms of the song writing “game” is this chance which every tune has, if it really has the % % So we have had “mother songs,” “Alabam; songs, Indiana” songs, “Tennessee’ ballads, les of lullabys, song ending in “ing,” songs called “blues,” fox-trot songs, and what-not. The' “blues” are distinctly the low- ! est-class songs in the long list of pop- ular favorites, with the most vulgar titles and suggestive words. In con-| trast to them, many of the fox-trot songs are very good, very decent and very melodious. “June Night,” to name but one of the fox trots of recent months, has a melody that deserves to 7live. Victor Herbert would Aot have been ashamed of it. I, for onme, rejoice in the popular songs, and hope I always remaln young enough to enjoy them. They no more deserve to be sneered at than| did- the maligned “nickel novels” of some years ago. Music is music. The greatest mas- 1 ,th. jazz_and jar of the Western ters made use of simple musical patterns. To genuinely enjoy a good popular song is much preferable to boring one's self with grand opera. knowledge needed in the wise guid ance of the common life of the State, as the State government, in addition to the knowledge possessed by leaders, ‘is the rallying ground and repository for the power needed for the effective management of public = affairs. There would be trouble, of course, with legislatures, but it is his belief that a university may, through its agencies, be used to supplement the good will of hon- est legislators and to defeat the anti-social will of legislators who may set private interests above pub- lic welfare.” * ok ok ok In this connection the Buffalo News remarks that “the whole coun- try will follow interestedly the working out of his idea of ‘politics in education.’” The News also 'rec- ognizes the truth of Mr. Frank's view that the scholar who thus seeks to render service to the State must face discouraging facts. “In every democracy,” the Buffalo paper continues, “the majority is jealous of its superior men, hostile to mi- nority opinion which the scholar frequently maintains, and prone to side with the political rather than the scientific mind whenever they oppose each other. The great task before the new university head is emphasized by the Oakland Tribune, which states: “In recent years Wisconsin Univer- sity has been handicapped by an unwillingness of the State Legis- lature to provide for its needs. - That unwillingness, it is charged, was occa- sioned by local politics and a feeling on the part of the lawmakers that the professors were to be found in the opposition ranks. The young editor has before him the task of winning back that popular support ‘which at one time was so generous as to make Wisconsin an acknowl- edged lfader among universities.” “Frank is liberal in religion, so- ciology and politics,” remarks the Indianapolis News, in noting the fact that in the selection of this university executive “the West did not call to the East, but the West called to the West, and Frank is re- turning to it.” ————— Shanghai Adopts Western Customs Shanghai, where students have | been rioting in protest against the conviction for striking of Chinese workers in Japanese cotton mills, is a city which has absorbed much of world. The foreign colony is large. An American is never surprised to meet an old American friend among the shuffling coolies. Together they soon are enjoying an American ice cream soda drink saloon. Observers in China say the Chi- nese have an art and a music and a literature. But they do not dance ¢ ¢ ¢ except in Shanghai. A part of New York is China; a part of Shanghal is New York. New York has borrowed naught from Chinatown. Shanghai has borrowed much from its little New York. So it is against a cosmopolitan background that one must visualize the rioting of the students. Foreign capital has been spent liberally in Shanghai. Because of the unsettled condition of the country, recent in- vestments, however, have been few. ‘The cotton mill district is large. Here is British money heavily invested, and Japanese money.—Richmond News- Leader. in an American soft |is turning out iceberg and floe and | The Antarctic region is no exception NEW BOOKS . ... AT RANDOM I G M. TALES FROM NATURE'S WON- DERLAND. Willlam T. Horna- day. Charles Scribner’'s Sons. A clear touch of genius it would be and a sound benefaction as well, if in overheated days such as these, some inspired editor were to pack the front page of his paper in ice, 0 to speak. Then, instead of the inferno of superheated activity that now steps out in fierce frontal attack upon one—murders, drownings, suicide, motor killings, the toll of cyclones, lightning bolts, fires and floods—the reader would be met by news, per- fectly good news at that, of less hec- tic turn, of less terrifying effect. Every vender, save the vender of news, adapts his wares to the sea- sonal needs of his customers. In the Summer he deals in cooling goods. In the winter he sells warmth. But, declares the newsman, the cases are different, he is unlike any other mer- chant. And he is right. He's wrong, too. For while he is not God and o cannot order the happenings that stand as his stock in trade, he can, without doubt, so proportion the pro- jection of these as to emphasize sub- stantial and permanent news at the expense of the merely horrible. He is able to stress all ameliorating events as he is able to minimize the harrowing and unsettling ones. Everybody admits that tbe press is the greatest of educators, that it is the fashioner of common thought, the molder of the general mood. Yet, as an educator it completely ignores the sound psychology of suggestion. In the rivalry of news gathering, in an indulgence of the general greed of readers for horror tales, it forgets the potencies of this fundamental power of suggestion. Because of this, some of us—cowardly maybe, maybe wholly wise—give the press a Sum- | mer vacation, turning ourselves to more optimistic and encouraging an outlook than these are able to sup- ply. * ok % We are running away from the lurid Summer reading of the news- papers to go with Mr. Hornaday to an enormous ice-plant, 100% efficient all the year around. Away south ward we sail, down past the tip of South America, past the southern point of Africa, past lone islands, till, finally, we reach the cooling object of our search. There somewhere near the South Pole this enormous plant mountain top and endless plains—and | vast ice field of strange sculptured shapes, grotto and pinnacle and | dome. X ¥ But the people of any place are of more interest than the place itself. to this rule. at once, it is the Penguin family that attrac and ab-} sorbs us, allowing us to see imme- diately why Anatole France based the subtlest of his ironic tales on| the likeness between ihese birds and | the human family. Absurdly like a man the Emperor penguin looks. Standing straight and tall, he looks like a fat man dressed in a white shirt and vest and baggy white trousers, with a black swallow-tailed coat reaching down to the ground. A yellow cravat and a black skull cap complete the resemblance. A slow and dignified fellow of truly impressive aspect. a flock of Emperor .penguins ed to the boat to make a call. | huge birds acted so much like peo- | ple and were so droll and comical | that the whole company turned vut in a body to greet the delegation.” There was nothing else to do than that the humans should treat them with equal dignity and decorum. * a_respectful distance they halt. the | 0ld male waddles close up and bows | gravely till his beak is almost touch- ing his_breast. Keeping his head bowed, he makes a long speech, :n | a muttering manner, short sounds | following in groups of four or five. Having finished his speech, his head is kept bowed a few seconds for po- liteness' sake, then it is raised, and he describes with his bill as large a circle as the joints of his reck will allow, looking in your face to see if you have undersiool. It vou have not comprehended, as usually is the case, he tries again.” Weeks could be spent here with these birds alone, not only in an amazed interest over their really | human behavior, but in a distinctly diminished appraisal of man's pre- tensions as well. Indeed, these birds simply provide another point in the clear evidence that animals callcd “lower” are doing fully as well in their own lines as man is doinz in his. Man is merely more arrogant. Months in this cold zone would be a delight because of its various forms of life, because of the implications of age and change that lie upon ‘ts surface. But Mr. Hornaday has many tales to tell in this wonder book of nature. Tales of sea depths in their | glory, of fairy gardens over which Neptune rules, of the great seal re- gion, of the snow-capped Canadial Rockies. There are tales of Borneo | and India—but these sound too warm, warm, so they stand aside for the moment. There is one story—and truly it sounds like a fairy tale—about the wild elephants of North America. “It makes one a bit dizzy to think that gigantic elephants once roamed over the beautiful green hills and dales of New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and the Middle West, and the whole of the Far West, even to the shore of the Pacific.” "It is, in fact, the story of the rocks that Mr. Hornaday here unfolds as the story of the New ‘World elephants. The record of science is vastly more amazing than the most florid of fiction, as one is reminded here in the account of elephants that long ages ago pershed in the deep bog lands of eastern New York, for in- stance, around what is now Ulster country, or Orange, where their skele- tons lie today, and where some of them have aiready been discovered. Or that other story of the La Brea pitch lake of Los Angeles, in which mammoths, lions, tigers and bears were engulfed in great numbers, Only a hint of the astounding tales that nature has to tell, a good hand- ful of which this writer has gathered for the entertainment and the aston ishment of readers of any age pro- vided their minds are ogen to the fact that nature is the greatest of all tale-makers. In no time atNgll} * k% % PRISONERS. By Franz Molnar. The Bobbs-Merrill Co. ¥ranz Molnar is the author of “Liliom,” the play that made a really great impression in America. The author of other successful plays, too, among them “The Swan.” “Prisoners’ is the first novel by Molnar to be translated from the Hungarian into English. The action of this novel is based upon a crime committed in the pursuit of love followed by the im- prisonment of the young thief, a woman. The essence of the whole, however, is a reach toward the con. clusion that, in the person of this imprisoned girl there “dwelt between these narrow walls, all liberty, all freedom of thought, of feeling, the revolutionary _liberation of human morality; while all that lay outside these four walls was but a prison, and all they who go about with head lifted high in pride, who have failed Amon and intertribal means of com- +--- ANSWERS. TO BY FREDERIC Q. How tall is Mrs. Coolidge”—B. F. A. Ttis77° 5 5 Q. What are bank clearings?—S. B, A. The term relates to'the ags gate amount of checks and drafts ex- | changed betweer, members of a clear- ing house association and carried there daily for an adjustment of the differ- | enc In large cities more than 90 | per cent of the commercial business is done by means of checks and drafts andhleau than 10 per cent is done w Q. Do old people get pensions in England?—J. M. McK. A. By the old age pensions act of 1908, every man or woman who has attained the age of 70 years, who has been a British subject and has had | his residence in the United Kingdom for 20 years, and whose means do not exceed 31 pounds and 10 shillings, is | entitled to receive a pension of an amount which varies according to his or her means. A special scale is pre- pared for the purpose. Q. When did W. J. Bryan cease to be Secretary of State?—F., G. M. A. Secretary Bryan left President Wilson's cabinet June 9, 1915. Q. On the tombs of Crusaders some | figures are depicted with legs crossed and some with legs parallel. Why 7— D. L. M. A. The cross-legged attitude of | numerous armed efligies of the era of | mail armor has been supposed to im- | play that thhe persons so represented | were Crussaders or Knights of the Temple. Modern authorities, how- | ever, believe that this supposition is unfounded. | Q. What has Lecome of the old Me- | tairie Race Course’—R. L. A. The Metairie Race Course ir New Orleans was one of the mos notable in the United States, went out of existence in 1870. The | land was bought in 1872 and con- verted to its present use as a ceme- tery. ] but | Q. Can American criminals be ex- tradited in German M. M A. The United States has an extra- dition treaty with Germany. | Q. Pl e give Theodore Roosevelt's | words concerning thrift.—E. V. P. | A. “Extravagance rots character train your youth away from it. On the other hand, the habit of saving money, while it stiffens the will, also brightens the energies. If you would | be sure that you are beginning right, | begin to save.” | | Q. When was furniture first neered ?—T. M. A. In the British Museum, in Lon- don, there are examples of Egyptian | veneer work that are many thou-| sand years old. Pliny savs that| veneer came into general use in Rome | in his day. It obtained great popu- | larity in the Netherlands, France and | England in the eighteenth century. | Q. Why was Tennessee called the | Volunteer State’—M. A. H | A. From a very early period in its history Tennessee was so-called be- | ve- QUESTIONS J. HASKIN. cause of the prominence of some of A. She is approximately 5 feet 4 |its sons in the early wars of the inches tall and weighs about 130 | United States, and because the in- pounds. | habitants of the State were always in S |the forefront of action. During the . Q What is the longitude of the |\,r with Mexico, when President ENSYAIOheSEISoLY S 8 B M | Polk called for 2,800 soldiers from | Tennessee, 30,000 volunteers promptly | responded. It was at this time that e. | Tennessee confirmed the title of Volunteer State Q. When was steel- invented ’—F LM A. It has been known from very early times, but where and how it was first manufactured is not defi- nitely recorded. Damask steel used |in making sword blades was kno in Oriental countries from a reme | period | . Q. Give me the mean and greatest depth of Lake Erie and the deepest point in Lake Superior—W. B. A. The mean depth of Lake Erie is 100 feet. The greatest recorded depth is 210 feet. The maximum depth of Lake Superfor is 1,008 feet Q. What can be done to clean an | 0ld charter, which got wet and when dried was covered with yellow streaks —J. 8. G. A. The Library of Congress says that your paper has probably become foxed; that is, mildew has set in. In that case, there is nothing to do to restore the charter. Q. Can rancid olive oll be used? C.HS A, The Bureau of Chemistry sa that rancid olive oil cannot be made edible but it may be used in soap making. Q. What bhecame of the nezro slaves of ancient Rome?”. A. They were gradually freed The closing of the Roman conquest and the introduction of Christianity modified many of the regulations concerning slaves. Justinian iwas |largely instrumental in mitigating heir position and making it easier for them to obtain freedom. Slavers thereafter, although practiced by the Teuton conquerors of Rome. was gradually replaced in medieva by feudal vasselage. Q. Does a full-blooded Indian ever have blue eyes?—F. N. V »pe A. The Bureau of American Fith nology says that disease or abnor mality being excluded. an In n with blue eyes would almost ce be a full-blooded Indian Q. How are banjo heads clea ainly nog H. D. B. A. Parchment is used S head of a banjo. Musicians use art gum in cleaning it (When in doubt—ask Haskin. He offers himself as a target for the ques- tions of our readers. He agrees to furnish facts for all who ask. This is @ large contract—one that has never Yeen filled before. It would be possible only in Washington and only to one who has spent a lifetime in locating sources of information. Haskin does not know all the things that people ask him, but he knows people 1who do know. Try_him. State your question briefly, write plainly and inclose 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address Frederic J. Haskin, director The Star Information Bureaw, Wash- ington, D. C.) BACKGROUND OF EVENTS In artistic circles the “interpretive | dance” is accepted as a fine art There will be an “interpretive dance’ this evening without any dancing far more interpretive than was ever | performed either by whirling der- vishes or arm-swaying, feet-flying terpischorean artists. It will be at| the graduating exercises of Gallaudet | College for the Deaf. Gallaudet College has 116 pupils and its associated Kendall Scheol for | Deat Children has 58. There are 13| graduates, a post-graduate, who | takes a master of arts degree, and 6 | graduates from the normal course. | The graduating exercises will be con- ducted largely in the sign language, | but the spectator, who is not versed | in the arbitrary signs of the deaf, will forget that he is ‘“seeing” the language instead of hearing speech, for it is so realistic in pantomine that it 1s truly interpretative, even to the uninitiated. Dramatic selections are rendered with signs or pantomine as thrilling as a modern “movie,” and, as in the case of the “movie,” the beholder scarcely misses the spoken word, es- pecially- after he picks up a few of the universal signs: The two hands against the head, wiggling forward like the wagging ears of a horse— of course that is a horse; wiggling backward—who would fail to recog- nize a mule? A gesture like stroking the cat's whiskers—pussy, naturally. | Clasped hands means marriage. But | who can tell what means divorce? Bent elbow, with hand erect—noon; with hand slowly passing toward the horizontal arm—the passing after- noon, toward sunset: if one hand creeps up from behind that level arm, it means sunrise. How simple and easy is all! How fascinating to watch the “sweet girl graduate” recite a Dbeautiful poem in such pantomine; or a robust voung man thrillingly ‘“interpret” Paul Revere's ride! What a wonder- work if certain debates presided over by the descendant of the companion of Paul Revere should not only adopt cloture of debate but even the Gallau- det method of speech through the entire eloquent arguments! * kK K People who speak with tongues do not usually realize how much of their communication is done, or is empha- sized by sign language. It is some- times said that a Frenchman would be mute if his hands were tied. Cer- tainly most orators would feel choked with manacles on their wrists, and their greatest flights of oratory would be in a tail spin before they left the ground. Sign language is not new In Luke i:62, it is recorded: “‘And they made signs to his father how he would have him called.” X Every baby first learns by signs. Sign language is a ‘‘condition prece- dent” of all language. It was a com munication among American Indians before the white man came. 1t is an efficient substitute for vocal language for the deaf. In addition to the sign languagee, the deaf who have lost hearing after having learned to talk are also instructed in articulation and in lip reading, even though completely Geaf, and are thus enabled to carry on conversation with persons unfa- miliar with the language of the flit- ting hands. It is rare that the con- genitally deaf from birth can be taught fip reading or oral language, though exceptions are knewn. * x ¥ ¥ The oral method of teaching the deat was invented in Scotland in the latter half of the eighteenth century by a family named Braldwood, which retained the secret of the method. It was brought to America in 1812 by a Qissipated son of that family, who un- Qertook to found a school in - Balti- to learn the Master's lesson of. for- giveness—the prison guards of co; vict morality—they are the pri oners.” 1In effect an attack on con- ventional morality is made through this portrayal of a young girl's action under the urge of love. It is hard to imagine & simpler story, whether _————————————— one considers its construction or puts his mind, Instead, to the projection of character, and the force of per- sonality, or to the directness of its condemnation of pretense and phara- saic righteousngss | deatness | fever. BY PAUL V. COLLINS. more through the financial support of Col. Bolling. His school was a failure because of his habits In 15815 Rev. Thon Hopkins Gallandet crossed the ocean for the purpose of soliciting the Braidwood monopolists to impart their him for the benefit of Ameri; but the Braidwoods refused to do so believing that they were protecting the interests of their dissolute reia tive Known to be teaching deaf Ameri cans. Mr. Gallaudet then went to Paris where he learned the French sign language from Abbe Sicard. In 1816 he returned to America accom panied by Laurent Clerc, one of the professors of the Sicard establishment, himself a deaf mute. Together thew established a school at Hartford—the cldest deaf school of America—and for years the French sign E was all that was taught country. in this * x x x Romance marked the next step in deaf instruction, for a little girl of less than 5 years was stricken with as a result of s fabel Hubbard, daughter Mark Greene Hubbard of Cambrid Mass. Following deafness, the ct speech began fading aw: troubled parents discovered that th was no school in America where arti culate speech was taught to the dea Mr. Hubbard searched Europe and found that in Germany deaf children were being taught lip reading and arti culate speech. From the Germans Mrs. Hubbard caught the ided of teaching lip re: ing and articulation to her child Later she discovered that Gov. Lip. pitt of Rhode Island aad two children similarly afflicted and that Mrs. Lip pitt had been teaching them in same way. The outcome was an effort to get an appropriation from the Massachusetts Legislature to found a State school for articulate teiching of deaf children. This was fought bitter Iy by the “experts” of the sign lan guage, but in 1867 Mr. Hubbard again undertook to appeal to the Legislature for the school, and learned that Mr. Clarke of Northampton had offered to endow such a school with $50,000, provided that it be located at North- ampton. This was done. Subsequently, Mr. Clarke gave an additional $200,000, and the Clarke School for articulate instruction for the deaf was develop- ed into a very important and useful institution in its three-score years of growth. The deaf Mabel Hubbard became the wife of Dr. J. Graham Bell, the in ventor of the telephone, and through his interest in her welfare, he came a leader of the cause of better ment for the deaf of America. ke e In 1864 Congress responded to appeal from Rev Dr. Gallaudet an appropriation to establish a tional college for the highe? edi of the deaf, and the National Mute College in Washington was founded September, 1864, with Dr. Gallaudet its president and one other professor—and seven pupils, all men. It was made “co-ed” in 1887. In 1894, at the petition of its pupils, the name was changed to Gallaudet College. The five-year course is a combination of sign and articulate, adapted to. the individual needs and possibilities of the pupils, and is of standard college the an for na ion Dy {rank. x ok ok % A small primary school for deaf children was opened in 1856 in Wash- ington, under congressional support amounting to $3,000 a'year. In 1 Amos Kendall gave-land and erected @ building at a cost of $8,000; later the school name was changed to Ken- dall School. ‘In 1895, through the leadership of Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts, Congress appro- priated funds for a men’s dormitory, now called Dawes House. The two institutions, so closely sociated—Kendall School and Ga laudet College—are located together, on Florida avenue, in the midst of beautiful parked grounds planned by the celebrated landscape architect, Frederick Taw Olmsted. (Coprright, 1938, by Paul ¥. CoMins.d -