Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With_Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. .. May 21, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: . 11th St and Pennaylvania Av New York Office: 110 East 39nd Chicago Office: Tower Building. Ruropean Office: 16 Regent St.. London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morn- fng edition. |x delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 certs r month. ~ Orders may he wnt by mail or elenhone Main 5000. Collection is made by ~arrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mai—>ayable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1yr. $8.468: 1 mo ily only .. 1¥r.$600° 1 mo. Sunday only .. 1yr.. $2.40: 1 mo.. All Other States. Daily and Sunday...1yr. $10.00 Daily fmly ooy 00 Sunday only 111111 $.00% 1 mox 1 mo.. A0e 1 mo.. 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 10 the use for republication of all news dis atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and alwo the local news published herein. Al richta of publication ©of special dispatches herein are also reserved Federal Trade Commission. The Federa aroused 1 Trade Commission has a storm which i not sweep it in measure to regulate the commission has never been regarded with entirely friend'y eves by bus ness. If there is one thing that business likes, it is to be let alone. And now, because of changes in its rules of procedure, the commission is losing friends among the progres- sives in Congress. Assailed from both flanks, the position of the Trade Commission may indeed be precari- ous when Congress reassembles. Senator Borah of Idaho, a power in the Senate, is quoted as saving that the best thing that can be done with the Federal Trade Commission 1s to abolish it: that it is perfectly apparent it is not going to be of service to the country, and that in such circumstances economy demands its official head. He backed in this position by Senator Norris of Nebraska, chairman of the committee on agriculture, and other of the Senate. When the Federal Trade Commis- &ion was created, in the early days of the tirst Wilson administration, it was for the purpose of preventing unfair methods of competition in business. In the decade the commis- sion has been at work it has con- demned many methods of competi- tion as unfair and unlawful, includ- ing misbranding of fabrics, adultera- tion of commodities, bribery of buyers, making false or disparaging statements and the use of misleading advertisements. may Created business, or away. a is members There are numerous other methods of competition which bave been placed under the ban of the commission, and justly so. Publicity was one of the weapons lodged in the hands of the Federal commission to rectify conditions. The new rules of the commission, their critics declare, curtail publicity and make for star chamber proceedings This is denied emphatically by the majority members of the commission, all Republicans. Tt happens that the commission has split over its rules along party lines, three Republicans against two Democrats. This has given rise to the charge that the com- mission is politically dominated. The law creating the commission specified that no more than three members of the commission—there are five alto- gether—may be of one political party, which to a certain degree invites political division in the commission. Commissioner Humphrey, whose re- cent appointment has made possible the changes in the rules of procedure, in an address yesterday before the United States Chamber of Commerce defended the position taken by the road lines and other disadvantages due to neglect In the distribution of public works. Residents of southwest Washington have, as a rule, long records there. They are proud of their section and their Indignation of reflections cast upon it Is justified. Thoughtless comments by guides and “lecturers’” do serious harm. In fact, the dis- sertations of those who escort visitors to the city through buildings and streets on sightseeing tours contain | many errors and unfalr comments. It would be well, indeed, to cstablish standards for these guides to observe. Washington is annually visited by | many thousands of people who are | dependent largely for their informa- tion about the Capital upon the pro- fessional guides. There is at present no check upon them. Only by chance are misstatements reported. It should be required of the bus companies by the public authorities that they keep u close watch upon the ectures” of their employes in order that false Impressions may not be created in the minds of the city's | kuests, impressions that there is rea- son to believe are often greatly to the disadvantage of Washington and that e hard to remove. The licensing after examination of these people who set up as expounders of District his tory und landmarks would be perhaps @ means to the end of correction of careless or even deliberate misinforma- tion. ‘ p— Mussolini on Italy's Debt. Premier Mussolini, in a speech be- fore the Italian Senate, discusses the question of Italy’s war debts, which amount to one hundred billion lire. One-half of this debt is owing to the United States, amounting to $2,138 543,852. Mussolini said that while the United States has taken no official steps to open the debt ques- tion—which is surprising in view of the notice sent out a few days ago from Washington calling upon the debtor nations to consider ways and means of settlement—conversations were to be taken into consideration. He then proceeded to enter a plea for leniency, saying: The Italian government recognizes its debts and has declared that, com- patible with its present and future economic and financial situation, it will face its debts. But I believe that the Senate will agree when I say that, considering Italy's blood sacrifices in the war and the volume of our riches, much_inferior to that of France, we should have a place in the category of privileged nations. If it is desired that we pay, the request should be conditioned upon our ability to pay. Just as an arrangement of leniency has been made with the conquered, 50 should it be made equally with the conquerors. Assuredly the United States has been lenlent to its war debtors. It has applied no pressure upon them. It is not applying pressure now, but is simply reminding them that, save in the case of Great Britain, none of them has made a move toward settle- ment. In his statement before the Italian Senate Premier Mussolini is ¢l arly laying a foundation for a plea for easy treatment when the time comes for a practical “conversation’ on the subject of debt adjustment. The United States has no expecta- tion that the nations now in its debt for great sums advanced during the war will pay at the expense of their own fiscal stability. It has no desire to unsettle their financial foundations. It does not look for the impossible. But it does look for a definite arrange- ment for payment whatever the length of time that may be required for final settlement. Yesterday the British pound sterling sold practically at par. within one- eighth of a cent of dollar parity. That the recovery of British currency has been largely due to the arrangement for a debt-funding cannot be ques- tioned. So long as the continental debtor nations neglect to effect a plan of settlement their currencies will be at a discount. There can be no majority of the commission. He went further, however, and attacked reso- lutions adopted by the Senate calling upon the commission to investigate this or that industry. Politically this was scarcely a wise move by Mr. Humphrey. He who attacks the Sen- ate is likely to get slapped. The battle now seems to be Jjoined. The commission will be called upon to show cause why it should be contin- ued. It mus make its record of service clear to all. and in such a way that demand for the continuance of the commission will be strong. The commission has one great advantage the struggle. Government jobs once created and filled are maintained tenaciously by those through whose nffuence they are filled. The United ‘States Commerce Court, created un- der the Taft administration, is a glar- ing and unusual example of a govern- #rent agency that has been abandoned. ——— et ope. Evolution debate is leaving a few Col. Bryan's old-time admirers in a little doubt as to whether to laugh or, feel sorry. a the in R — Bouthwest Washington's Protest. Mt a meetin of the Southwest Citi. “Zens’ Assoctation just held complaint Was made that guides at the Capitol w#nd drivers of sightseeing busses have fallen into the practice of indicating that part of the city as the “undesir- @ble quarter of the town.” In con- sequence committees were named to visit the architect of the Capitol and the managers of the bus companies «and request that this practice be stop- . The request should be heeded. Southwest Washington has suffered for a good many years under a wholly yndeserved stigma. Elder Washing- tonians will recall that it was for decades known as “the island.” For it'was literally an island, owing to the junction near the Capitol of two creeks, Tiber end James, running, re. #pectively, westward an@ southward. More than 50 years ago, however, these creeks were covered and “the island” was united to the mainland by solie thoroughfares and became a geographically integral part of Wash- ington, as it has always been a civic integer. Yet the name persisted, and in gome peculiar way that section was set off in the public mind as remote and detached. In point of fact, it was one of the most desirable parts of ‘Washington for residence, though sut- fering long undes the handicap of stabilization as long as these heavy liablitles remain indeterminate and without any move whatever for set- tlement. A moratorium has been granted the debtor nations by the United States already. Indefinite extension is not to be expected and is not to be desired for the sake of the debtors themselves. Postponement of discussion adds to the financial liabilities and weakens the moral position of the powers that so freely borrowed American dollars in time of need, with the full pectation at that time of ultimate payment. There is no suggestion in the Amer- ican official position of a doubt of the intention of the debtor nations to discharge their debts. No reflection is cast upon their good faith. In ask- ing for a statement of jntention the United States simply brings the mat- ter into the realm of discusslon on a practical basis. ———— The disturbances in North Africa call attention to the advantage that might possibly have been gained by getting .the Riffs into the League of Nations. As trouble makers, the small quantities frequently assert themselves most actively. ———on—- ex- Financial theorists are still won- dering whether Henry Ford's bank- ing enterprise contemplates absorbing Wall street, or only sidestepping it. e The rum fleet, if it becomes rashly obstinate, appears liable to make an- othet contribution to the gigantic junk pile of shipping material. Not One Grand, Sweet Song. Mayor Hylan is finding that life is not one grand, sweet song in pushing his boom for the mayoralty nomina- tion. The paeans of exultation he raised following the crash of the mail- ed fist of Willlam R. Hearst’s an- nouncement that it must be Hylan on a regular Tammany ticket or Hylan as an independent candidate are de- veloping discordant notes. It is being demonstrated that it is one thing to lead the Democratic factions to the Hylan trough and another to make them drink. Two incidents occurred vesterday which bode ll for the smooth progress of the Hylan boom. Several recent events have Indicated that the mayor's strength in Democratic organizations THE stance, last week there was the launching of a mayoralty hoom for Arthur I. Somers, boyhood friend of the redoubtable Brooklyn leader, Mc- Cooey. This was followed by the declaration of McCooey himself that while Mr. Hylan had made a good mayor, there was “other timber.” Yesterday another incident occurred showing which way the antiHylan wind is blowing. At a public hearing in Borough Hall an attempt was made to stampede the meeting into a dem- onstration for Mayor Hylan. Borough President Joseph A. Guider, who the political lieutenant of Mr. Me- Cooey, sternly checked the attempted raising of a pro-Hylan demonstration. Apropos of nothing, in the course of the hearing a participant arose and offered a resolution indorsing Mayor Hylan's administration and urging the Democratic party to Yenominate him. The reports say that about half of tre men and women assembled in e room applauded the resolution. The borough president jumped to his teet, declaring “this is not a political con- vention,” and ruled it out. The severest blow the mayor's boom has received next to the lukewarm- ness of Leader McCooey is regarded by the politicians as the desertion from the Hylan cause of the Business Men's League. This is the organiza- tion that launched Mr. Hylan candidate for mayor eight years ago and stood by him fafthfully in 1921 Its leaders are now advising the mayor to abandon his candidacy in the interest of purty harmony. These recurring and increusing in- stances of opposition to the mayor's nomination indicate to the politicians that the Hylan-Hearst combination has its work cut out to “put over” his candidacy. —_— s is as a A fine lake in Minnesota was un- expectedly drained by some condition brought about by old engineering work. In the press of new problems the interest in conservation of natural resources should not be permitted en- tirely to subside. e It will require some argument to convince the French that the Krupps are extending their industrial opera- tions, not with any militaristic ideas in mind, but simply to relieve un- employment problems as they may arise. N— One of the temptations to reckless war making is the fact that, while there are few volunteer taxpayers for reparations in of defeat, there are always numerous volunteers for fighting on any pretext. ————. Calvin Coolidge is evidently deter- mined not to admit that there is any form of enterprise or entertainment the human mind can devise so inter- esting and time absorbing as that of being President of the United Stat - case It is promised that next season’s drama will be free from rough words. The public demands variety and the producing managers probably do not know any new ones. o Opinions differ Trotsky is to politics as an docile follower. to in as whether Russian influential leader or a reappear ———— European governments have decided to face the fact that the only way to raise the money to wage war or to pay the debts it causes is taxation. e Having exhausted the controversial possibilities of politics, Col. Bryan now takes up religion. N — A welfare association cannot be ex- pected to make life absolutely com- fortable for everybody. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSOX. Regalia. The May Queen now We recognize Now by the bough ‘Where blossoms rise To drive the frown ¥From every face And form a crown of titting grace. As clouds we Upon the sk The May Queen we Tdentify When frost pursues O’er hill and dell, By overshoes And an umbrell. “What are vour views on evolu- tion “I'm agin it,” answered Senator Sorghum. “What's the use of flatter- ing a chimpanzee? He hasn't any vote.” Ailment. As prohibition seems to bring A cataclysm, We wonder if we're suffering From Rum-atism. Jud Tunkins says no movie ought to be allowed to run more than one hour, owing to the parking regula- tions. Quietude. “Crimson Gulch seems to be a very quiet and orderly little village." “Yes,” replied Cactus Joe. “All the motion picture actors and novelists have moved away.” Family Treason. For evolution T have no respect. The monkey I instinctively resent, Although some ancestors I recollect Were far from being near so in- nocent. g “A hoss is man’s hest friend,” said Uncle Eben, “‘ceppin’ on de race track, whar he's liable to prove mighty fickle.” ————- The world has seen many men who felt superior to the people, but it remembers few of them.—Birming- ham News. —————— Now, if Mr. Burbank will try cross- ing the asparagus and the cabbage to evolve a ready-made cigar~—De- Noewsy 3 i 5 EVENING "alliope: the beautiful voiced. “I. Class. Myth. The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses. Astron. One asterolds. “3. A musical instrument consist- ng of a series of steam whistles, played by keys arranged as in an or- gan. 4. A beautiful humming bird (Stel- lulu ealliope) of California and adja- cent regions."” It is with the third definition, as given from Webster's New Interna- tional Dictionary, that we are con- cerned today. We love the plano. Under the mys- terious, moving-—aye, marvelous—fin- gers of Paderewski the plano sings to us as perhaps no other instrument can. We love, too, the solemn church or- | gan, with its interwoven themes and I harmonies, winding in and out as the white ribbon of a country road, view- ed from some mountain side, dips out of sight there, to reappear again higher up-—the same, yet ever new. The great orchestra, grandest of in- struments, intrigues us whenever we are fortunate enough to hear it. The brass band and the dance orchestra find us sympathetic. Nothing can be sweeter, in the realm of sound, either, than a cl . pure soprano. We love all the musical instruments there be, but, upon oe ion, there is no instrument in the world that can compare with the circus calliope! We rather prefer to pronounce it cal-liope.” with the accent on the first syllable, the short, the “‘ope” spoken just as it is spelled. Of course, we recall enough of our ireek to know we are horribly in er-] ror. Even if we had not had recourse to the big dictionary we would have been able to tell you that the proper pronounciation of “calliope” is “CAL- EYE-O-PEA.” As the name of the chief of the nine, we are fond of the latter method of pronounciation. It gives one such a superfor air to roll it off. Surely our hearers must instantly realize that we are very well educated, in- deed. The vulgar may pronounce the lady’'s name with the accent much misplaced, but, as for us, with the assurance born of long acquaintance with the best, the whole best and nothin’ but the best, we put the ac- cent on the antepenult, where it be- longs. Ain't we smart? Our position in this matter is that a circus parade—the only place the average man ever hears the thing— is _distinctly not a classroom. Reduced to its simplest terms, the argument for the sensible pronuncia- tion of *‘calliope” is this: It is easler to say, and seems to better fit the in- strument I defy any one to hear one of these steam organs and think the name of the queen of the muses is at all ap- propriate, except in the fun-loving, ex- aggerated way the circus has made immortal The circus. with its “stupendous aggregation of scintillating, scientific trapese artists,” its “‘marvelous, mys. tifying, death-defying lea its “komical, screaming clowns,” has long justified to us the easy, country town pronounciation of “cal-iope.” Now that we live in the city, stick to ‘“cal-iope our first among musical instruments. Ah, the beautiful voice of our first califope! It came along at the end of the pa- rade then, just as it does today. To our infantile eyes that parade seemed endless, although it must have been (No. 22) of the we love North Carolina began vesterday the celebration of the first Declaration of Independence, dated May 20, 1776 Some Americans have been under the impression that the first Declaration Independence was voted in July, 76, and in Philadelphia. he Mechlenburg (North Carolina) Declaration of Independence was never put down in printers’ ink until 1819—decades after Thomas Jefferson had penned his defiance to King George, and which the Mecklenburg adherents believe is more or less a plagiarism of the expressions in their own county challenge to their tyrants, the British Empire. * x % ¥ When the shot was fired at Lexing- ton and Concord which was heard around the world, North Carolina was “listening in” with the loud-speaker well attuned to the New England waves. Among the tall pines had come the sound of the vote in the British Parliament, February 9, 1775, denouncing the rebellious action in Massachusetts. In Parliament there had even been talk, close to a threat, that England should punish the rebel- lious and troublesome colonfes in America by expelling them from the British union, much after the fashion of expelling from school unruly pu pils. That “cruel and unusual punish- ment,” so vigorously advocated by many a speaker, was not finally adopt- ed. But who can declde how much psychological influence it had in (hought suggestion as to what would really happen if the colonies were thrust out into a cruel world and told to “sink or swim. live or die. survive or perish,” for England would have nothing more to do with such un- grateful progeny? Some quibblers declare that the Mechlenburg Declaration of Independ- ence was not passed until May 31, but what were 11 days to a printer in telling_what had happened in May, 17757 Date experts explain the discrepancy by stating the May 20 was the same day as May 31, because one belongs to the “old calendar” and one to the “new.” Bvery schoolbo: knows that in the pre-Revolutionary period there were 11 days between the old and new methods of reckoning time. 4 What & commentary upon the in- efficiency of Kuropean time measure- ment, as compared with that of the Aztecs of Mexico! The Aztec calen- dar was so exact that it took 5,000 years for its inaccuracy te accumulate one day’s error. Eleven ‘days of dis- crepancy, if computed in Aztec, would indicate a span of time-of 55,000 years. * K ¥ % 1t is undisputed that the Mecklen- burg_public meeting in the town of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, did adopt resolutions denouncing the act of Parliament known as the stamp act, and other legislation by Parlia- ment oppressing the American col- onies, and radically revising all co- lonial charters. They protested the colonial right to independence and de- clared all ties to Great Britain broken. They enjoined obedience of all citizens to laws of colonial authority, and de- nounced any persons thereafter who accepted a commission from British authority as traitors to Mecklenburg County. and_invested the delegates and militia officers with power to keep the peace. A copy of the declaration was for- warded by special courler to the Con- gress in Philadelphia, but it was thers received with little’ sympathy. Not until 14 months later had general sen- timent_developed a readiness to de- mand complete separation from the authority of England. When' Gen. Washington assu: command of the Continental Army at Boston the idea ot independence wag abhorrent to him, STAR, WASHINGTON D. C, THURSDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. not more than a block long, our ma- ture intelligence tells us. There were bears, elephants an’ everything! Atrociously funny clowns convulsed us, as we stood on the side- walk along Cow street. (Cow street had been named thus because of the fact that the village bovines loved to lie along that way in the shade dur- ing the hot Summer days) The lady who rode bareback seemed the most lovely lady in the world, with a big white silk bow nod- ding atop her beautiful blond head. Keep still, intelligence! Tell us not in mournfu! numbers, that actuall she was as ugly as a mud fence, und that her hair was too, too yellow! We know it mnow—but we didn't then! She seemed a dream of beauty as she rode slowly by, and we dreamed of her for many weeks afterward— nothing having been known at that time of Mr. Freud and his interpreta- tions. And the elephunts! huddled close to prote those animated juggernauts strode down Cow street, with each one of the three beasts bearing one of the three bravest men in the whole wide Fearfully we cting skirts as ! Wouldn't be afraid to ride up there The parade was nearly over. wondered what would be next. were not long left in suspense. denly, high over all, an utter! earthiy sound split the air. “‘Here comes the cal-liope! some one. The folks in the next county must have realized it just as well as we did. With all the power of that giant, steam, the calliope made the welkin ring. “After the Ball is Over,” it blew. To us it seemed the most beautiful music the world has ever known. Even at this date, years later, we are not exactly sure that it was not ‘We have heard many calliopes since. We have heard them in village streets and city boulevards. We have heard them play in tune, and we have listened to instruments so out of tune that the devil himself seemed to be at the keyboard. Wherever we have heard them, however, each and every time we have received the same old thrill. Beloved calliope, beautiful-voiced muse! We have loved you ever since we were & baby, and our love is true vet. We have heard the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra play Schubert’s “Unfinished Symphony” in a way that brought tears to our not too easily moved eyes. We have heard the great- est bands thrill great assemblages, or move to dreams out over sounding sea waves. In various halls we have listened to the magic bow of Kreisler. the deep tones of Kindler's cello, the moving timbre of the voices of Braslau, Bori and countless others. In the quiet of the home we have had music that sat- isfied the soul. Yet never, it seems to us, can music so satisfy the spirit of man as when, in the level existence of street noise the good old calliope bu'sts forth down the block. Then, as if under the touch of some great and powerful angel, gigantic strains fill the entire air, until the clatter of street cars, sounds of hun- dreds of voices, and all the thousand and one noises of the street fade away into nothingness, and there is but left, permeating all space, the clear, high notes of the calliope, each note her- alded by a cloud of steam. One of the unfuifilled ambitlmt of you We We sud- un * screamed our life is to play upon the calllope. With our fingers idly wandering bver those keys, we wonder if we would know what to play at last? Why, of course! *“After the Ball Is Over,” to be sure. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. and it is recognized that if Parliament had actually voted to expel the colo- nies from the British family the ex- pulsion would have been received as dire punishment throughout the colo- nies, except as to a few “radicals.” The spirit of the Mecklenburg Dec. laration of Independence is believed to be in close harmony with 'that of the subsequent one of July 4, 1776, though there has been great contro- versy as to the actual language used by its author, Dr. Ephraim Brevard Mecklenburg. ' When the similarity of expression was called to the attention of Thomas Jefferson, the author of our declaration, he asserted that he had never seen the Mecklenburg docu. ment until it was printed decades after his composition. From that it is inferred that the publication in 1819 had been “edited” in the light of the 43 years' familiarity with the earlier declaration. Or, at least, that is the contention of the supporters of Jefferson in the prolonged and bitter dispute. No one could rob the Mecklenburg- ers of the credit of having converted public opinion, eventually, to their po- sition, for Congress had so closely agreed with Washington’s opposition to secession from Great Britain that it pussed a resolution disavowing any such intent and then a year later re- versing its action with the final dec- laration. These independent the colonies were not dent in old England, for in the Peti- tion of Right (1628), sometimes known as the Second Magna Charta, Sir John Eliot introduced a resolution which so horrified the speaker that he would have fled from the House, but he was lc;:tu'reed ?,:2 uedc: into his chair, while members scussed and fi plwl!:d t;:e following: el “By the anclent laws and libe: of England it is the known b(rthr?g‘;: and inheritance of the subject that no taxe dmuafe or other charge shall be levied or imposed but by co - sent in England.” ERap con S e declarations in without prece- There was more or less independ- ence and deflance in the spirit of Vir- ginia early in the soventeenth century, which resulted in gaining relief from unjust rulings of the London Corpora- tion, which controlied the colony. ‘The Great Charter of 1618 gave the 1,000 colonists the right to elect their own Assembly, the foundation of repre. sentative government and autonomy among the colonies. Five vears later there appeared a disposition of the King to return to the original policy, whereupon the Virginians sent the fol- lowing audacious message to the throne: “‘Rather than be reduced to live un. der the like government we desire his majesty that commissioners be sent over to hang us.” In_1676—exactly a century before our Declaration of Independence—Vir. ginia rebelled against the authority of the British government, because the policies of the British authorities seemed to persist in increasing the dependence on London. Virginians in sisted that they were capable of mak- ing their own local laws. Neither the declaration of Mecklen- bgrg or that of Philadelphia marked a “revolution” in the spirit of inde- pendence among the American col- onies. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul V. Collins.) Painless Promptings. From the Detroft Free Press. Crossing a crowdedstreet sometimes hel, n for, rheumatism R s, v e MAY 21, 1925. THE NORTH WINDOW BY LEILA MECHLEN. “I am going to be a portrait painter as great as Rembrandt,” said a little Cleveland boy of extremely humble parentage to the director of the Cleve- land School of Art some time ago, and although he has not yet fully attained his ambition, through hard work and determined effort he is said to be well on the road. This boy's parénts had other plans for him, but he was de- termined to be a painter, and to attain this end offered to do any kind of mental work to pay for his tuition, and not only was ready to endure, but did endure great privation. He was cited by Henry Turner Bailey, director of the Clevelund School of “Art, one of many supertalented, in his address on “Discovering and Conserving Tal- ent,” made at the annual convention of the American Federation of Arts, which was held in the Cleveland Museum of Art last week. Mr. Bafley quoted the pronounce. ment of the late Viscount Bryce that the greatest defect in our public school ystems in the United States is that they do nothing to discover and train foreordained leaders of democracy. Art Mr. Bailey held to be one of democracy's chief factors. Certainly the Cleveland Museum of Art is doing all it can to overcome this defect and it has the full co-operation of the pub- lic schools and the city government. There is probably no museum of art in the country which is carrying out & fuller educational program. This museumn hqlds that while its primary funetion must be the collection of care- fully selected objects of art, its funda mental duty is not merely to xafeguard such exhibits, but to make them of use to the largest number of people. It therefore has accepted the respon- sibility of establishing a close relation between the public and its collections. * ok k¥ The most interesting side of this work doubtless is with the children, for while every effort is made to inspire the adults who visit the mu- seum with a love of art and better understanding of its significance, it recognizes that the greatest educa- tional opportunity is with the chil- dren—the citizens of tomorrow—the leaders of the future. Two rooms, therefore, are set aside for their use, one a classroom and the other a children’s museum. Here come at almost every hour of the day, and certainly every day of the week, &roups of children from the public and private schools, from the homes of the rich and the poor. Attached to the museum are three teachers, the sal- aries of whom are paid by the public schools. Many classes from the schools each month have a short half day at the museum, and the subjects are related to the school courses. It is an interesting sight to see these classes troop in and out, to watch them at their study and to share in their enjoyment. = The instruction which these classes secure is of a gen- eral character, purposed to create a love of art and discriminating taste— In short, to create contact between art and life for the average citizen. There i5 also a Saturday class for talented pupils from the elementary schools, when instruction is given by a mem: ber of the museum staff, and the talent which is discovered is nurtured and assisted in development. Oppor- tunity is given for the best to enter the Cleveland School of Art by means of scholarships when help is needed. e Besides all this, entertainment is provided for the children on Satur day—a day of recreation for all school children. There are illustrated talks and stories, moving pictures and sing. ing. In the children’s museum there are interesting series of -models through the medium of which the chil- dren are led to a better understanding of the relation of art to nature and the development of the art instinct in man. Every child cannot become an artist, but almost every one can be taught to enjoy art and through such enjoy- ment find enrichment {n life. Apropos of one of the references made to the Art Museum’s educa. tional work among the children, Mr. de Forest, president of the American Federation of Arts and also of the Metropolitan Museum, remarked that doubtiess his interest in art had sprung from having been taught to draw when a lad of 9 vears of age, and thus having the avenues of en’ joyment of art open to him. A It is an amazing thing to what ex- tent the educational work in the art museums is now carried, and it is rather a humiliating thought that in this particular so little is being done here in Washington. No longer do the museum feel it sufficient to col- lect and to exhibit; they have become in truth in recent years institutions of the people, and as such are doing a great work in creating a better citizenship. Cleveland sets a splendid example. And not in this respect alone does Cleveland point the way. There is probably no city in the United States where there s finer co-operation among the various organizations pur- posing the good of all. Cleveland has an exceedingly successful Little Thea- ter, producing the best plays—works of art artistically set forth—and so well is it supported by the people that its books showed a handsome surplus ar. The public library, the pub- 0ols, the institue of music, the play-makers and the art museum all join hands in bringing art to the beople, in providing entertainment, which is in the truest sense recreation And the people of Cleveland support the movement handsomely. For ex- ample, an exhibition of the works of eveland _artists—painters in oil, water-colorists, craftsmen and indus- trial designers—makes now a hand- some showing In two of the best gal- leries in the art museum. Within a fortnight of the time this exhibition opened 18 per cent of the exhibits had been purchased and the sales had amounted to over $10,000. How splendid it would be if we could have such patronage here for the works of our local artists. It is interesting to note that 60 per cent of the artists exhibiting in the Cleveland local show were trained in the Cleve- Jand School of Art, and the people of Cleveland are proud of it. Sk ey The local art of Cleveland es- sentlally modern, but it is in nowise grotesque. The instant one enters the gallery wherein is set forth the local exhibition one is conscious of joyous color, yvouthful vigor and great vitality. This is as it should be, for art is perennially young and life- giving. The art which the Cleveland painters set forth possessed the spirit of Springtime, which the vistors to Cleveland last week found pervading all out-of-doors. * ok ok k No one so far has adequately de- fined modernism in art. A near ap- proach to the best intention of the modernists was found, however, in a statement made by Mrs. Perkins, of the Boston Children's Art Center, in explanation of the instruction in drawing given therein. She said that the aim of the teachers was not only to train the eye and the hand but to see to it that in making drawings the hildren succeeded in keeping the ump in Johnny"; in short, that the children retain in their drawings, as they became more sophisticated, the sense of motion, the vitality, the liv- ing quality, which instinctively the drawing of a child shows. The mod- ernists, although they may not have known ' it, have instinctively endeav- ored in their works to keep the “jump in Johnny,” and when they have suc- ceeded in this ambition and made it conform to that which is best in all art they have set & new standard. There is more than a. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Who were in charge of getting Washington ready to receive the Gov- ernment offices? M. G. A. The commissioners appointed to carry on the work of preparing the new Federal seat for the reception of the Government were Thomas John- son, Daniel Carroll and David Stuart. Q. How lorg has Aquia stone been quarried?—F. T. A. The quarries were opened in i fa freestone was used by George Washington's father in a mill built in 1734, which building was probably the first buflt of quarried stone in this country. Q. Name the largest cities in Can- ada.—E. H. A. Montreal is the metropolis of Canada, with a population in 1921 of 618506; Toronto ranks second, with 521,898, and Winnipeg is third, with 179,087. Others in the Dominion are stated to be as follows: Vancouver, fourth. 117,217; Hamilton, fifth, 114,- Ottawa, sixth, 107,843; Quebec, seventh, 95,193; Calgary, eighth, 63, 305; London, ninth, 60,9 Fdmdn- l_;na._:pnth, 58,821; Halifax, eleventh 58,372, Q. Are there roses that will grow in high altitudes?—RB. A. A. Swiss mountain roses are ex- tremely hardy and thrive above ele. vations of 3,000 feet. An effort is be- ing made to transplant them to the Rockies. Q. What office hours are Spain in the Summer time?—S. H. A. In Madrid, during the hot sea son, offices open about 10 in the morn- ing, close from 1 to 4, and are then open until about 8. Q. What is lavage?—W. L L. A. Lavage is a term generally used of the removal of the contents of the stomach for various purposes. kept in Q. Are people who have lock boxes entitled to receive their mail quicker than those who have theirs sent to general delivery>—W. E. M. A. Mail is placed in genera! de- livery and lock boxes at the same time, but individuals having boxes can procure mall therefrom any time the lobby of the post office is open, whereas patrons of general service must be governed by the hours scheduled by the clerks per- forming service at general delivery windows. Q. Did Caesar or Napoleon express their admiration of the Alps in their writings>—D. A. R. A. No expression of pleasure felt by Caesar, Hannibal or Napoleon con- cerning the Alps is extant. Q. What variety of instrument was the organistrum?—P. D. . A. This ancient instrument, in- troduced, in the ninth century A. D., was shaped like an enormous guitar. It was played by a crank and manip- ulated by keys. Q. How did Phillips Exeter Acade- my get its name?—T. T. ‘A. It was founded by John Phil- lips at Exeter in 1781 and became known as Phillips Exeter to distin- guish it from Phillips Andover, which was founded in 1778 through the gifts of the Phillips family. Q. What distinguishes from bouillon? What is puree’—O. R. A. Bouillon is a plain, clear soup, an unclarified beef broth. Consomme is a clear, strong gravv soup, the clarified liquor in which meat or poultry has been boiled. Puree is a thick soup which contains vegetables or meat mashed to a thick pulp. Q. Who delivers the blank paper to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, on_which the bills are printed’—H. R 3 A. The sheets of paper on which bills are printed are delivered daily by the loans and currency division of the Secretary of the Treasury's office to the bureau upon requisition. delivery | consomme | 30 days later, when the bills are sent to the Treasury to have the seal printed thereon, the bureau must ac count for every sheet in its hands. Q. What is the extent called the “cotton belt"?—K. L. A. The cotton belt is a strip be- ginning In North Carolina and ex- tending southwestward and westward to central Texas, lying in its eastern and midway between the mountains and the sea, widening as it ap- proaches the Mississippi, and extene- ing westward until it reaches the arid belt, where lack of moisture pre- vents its further spread. Q. When did the game of jackstoned originate?—M. R. B. A. Dibbs is the English name of @ game dating from remote antiquity, which consists in throwing up the joint bones of the legs of sheep and catching them as they descend, first on the palm of the hand and then on the back of the hand. In Scotland small stones are substituted and the game is known as chucks. It is similar to the American game of jackstones. of what g Q. Which is larger, British America or th States and her posses sions?—D. V. U. A. Pritish America, which consists of Canada, Newfoundland and a num- ber of islands, has an area of 3.750.000 square miles, while the total area of the United States and its possessions is 3,743,446 square miles. Thus Britai has a little more territory, but much of it Is so far north as to be of com paratively little value. Q. In which direction should a ten- nis court be laid out?—J. Y A. Tennis courts should be laid out with the ends north and south. Q. What are the greatest inventions yet to be discovered?—M. J. K A. Hudson Maxim savs that greatest invention yvet to be m a method of government whereby the common people may be made self- governing and at the same time be prevented from committing political and social suicide through enfran- chised ignorance and avarice. The next greatest, he say are method of utilizing interatomic encrgy for power and heat and a method of transmitting dynamic energy by wire less, so that from a central source motors may be run hundreds and thousands of miles away. Another great invention yet to be made is a simple device by which deaf people may hear. the de is 0 dogs perspire?—E. D. ¢ . The Bureau of Animal Indus says that dogs do perspire, although the excess body heat is given off by pexting, as’ & oo whole body is capable of emitting per piration. Q. When was the typewriter invent ed?—M.-B. A. The first typewriter there is any record was England in 1714. In 1829 the first American typewriter, called a typog- rapher, was patented by W. A. Burt. In 1844 and 1846 typewriting ma. chines were invented in England which, like many of the early ma chines, were designed primarily for the use of the blind and so produced embossed characters. About 1867 Charles Latham Sholes began to ex periment on the construction of a | typewriter, and from this the Reming {ton had its origin. The first crude | model was completed in 186S. of which atented in (Frederic J. Haskin is employed by this paper to handle the inquiries of our readers and you are invited tg cail upon him as freely and as often @s vou please. Ask anything that is a matter of fact and the authority will be quoted you. There is no charge for this service. Ask what you want, sign your mame and address and in- close 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address The Star Informa- tion Bureaw, Frederic J. Haskin, di- From time to time the blank sheets are delivered by careful count, until rector, Twenty-first and C streets northwest.) Defense Day Proposals Stir Up Should Armistice day be also the time for an annual observance of tional Defense day? American opinion ranges all the way from the belief that preparedness is the greatest of all instruments of peace to the contention that mobllization of the resources of the Nation is a challenge to other countries and a potential cause of dis- cord. The debate on this subject has brought out various suggestions as to identifying National Defense day with other anniversaries, such as Fourth of July, Labor day, the date of Ameri- can entry into the war or some day devoted solely to the purposes of the military establishment. The Springfleld Republican presents the thought: “The civilian end of Mobilization day, or Muster day, or Defense day, or whatever it may be called, cannot be managed success fully. It tends toward an offensive de markation in public of the boundaries of patriotism and culminates in polit- ical pressures on the President and Congress for more money to spend on armies and navies. Armistice day never had the least moral significance beyond a glad and triumphant laying down of arms. * K K k¥ “The truth is,” declares the Sa- vannah Morning News, “that two classes of people are opposed to De- fense day. One is just deceived and ignorant. The other is anxious for America to be made weak. The cry that reasonable preparedness makes for ‘war is nothing but camouflage. A strong police department does not make burglaries and murders; & strong fire departient does not en- courage arson. On the other hand, the Indianapolis News argues that “if it 1s to be made the excuse each year for pacifist agitation and for misrepresentation of the Nation's po- sition in regard to preparedness, it may result in more harm than good.” ‘the proposed Defense day test meets the unqualified approval of the Grand Rapids Herald, which submits that “it lacks the remotest martial gesture.” The Herald adds that “on the contrary, it points America to a practical inspection of its own re- serve resources, thus strengthening our own willingness to rely upon the mass of our democracy for the preservation of our institutions in the event of unexpected trouble.” But the Oregon Journal (Portland) insists that “Armistice day was the day the war was ended, not started; the day hostilities ceased, not commenced; the day when peace was declared, not war,’ The Journal further believes that “to make it a day for military gesture is not a proper move from ahead, but the way has been dark and circuitous. * £ % Cleveland has lately acquired a very beautiful new public library and. also a_ magnificent banking house, the Union Trust Company. way are palatial and are equally well adapted to their purposes. In the Union Trust Company building have been placed four magnificient mural paintings by Jules Guerin, whose paintings in the Lincoln Memorial in this city immediately set him in the front rank .of mural painters. These four huge lunettes in Cleveland are no less notable. They alone are worth Journey, Both in theird War of Words in broad.” adds: Tt is as an American day into a na the standpoint of effect in this try or its interpretation Worcester Telegram European as well day. To turn this tional preparedness day would p voke controversy at home, and cause people abroad to question our good taste.” * k¥ % “Why not observe Fourth of July as Defense day? That is one day when America must celebrate, when it must give vent to its spirit of patriotism,” suggests the Albany Evening News “If we must have a defense day, why not make it fall upon April 6, the an niversary of entrance into the World War?" asks the Waterbury Republigan Why not Labor day, when the brawn of the Nation is wont to turn out to march the Canton Daily News proposes, with the alter native approval of F rth “of July “What ix the matter with September 12, the mobilization day of last year’ inquires the Baltimore Evening Sun “If the Army deems it wise to mo bilize on paper or on its feet ‘on a cer tain day of the year, it is within its privilege to do so, but to mark the day with civilian activities should be dis countenanced,” is the judgment of the Hartford Times. “What more appropriate er more significant occasion can be suggested,” asks the Chattanooga Times, “for re- minding the people of the necessity for defense than on the day that signalizes the closing of the greatest war of history?"* Defense day should not be tacked onto Armistice day, according to the Louisville Courier Journal, which con tends that “as now celebrated it is a powerful influence for spiritual uplift and patriotic recrudescence in our national life.” The Kansas City Journal stands with the champions of Armistice day declaring “the fact that the plan pro- vides for the Nation-wide muster of resources to be made on Armistice day should appeal to all Americans worthy of the name.”’ ——— Dry Law Referendum Was Emphatic in 1920 To the Editor of The Star: In your fssue of May 18 Walter D. ‘Wilcox asks “when and how" a test of whether or not the people of the country support the prohibition laws can be had at the ballot box? If my memory serves me reliably I recall that the “Assoclation Against the Prohibition Amendment” an- nounced at its outset that it would seek to elect a Congress that would submit an amendment to repeal the eighteenth amendment, or, ‘at least, modify the Volstead act so as to al low the making and sale of “light wines and beer.” It sought to do that. but in Novem- ber, 1920, the people elected a drver Congress than that which enacted the Volstead law. They tried again yet dryer Congress the bailot boxes. . Once more they essayed thelr task in 1924 and the pecple elected the dryest Congress we have ever had. :&9“ test does Mr. Wileox, SAMUEL ¥ SMALLS in 1922 and a was elected ap