Evening Star Newspaper, May 3, 1925, Page 77

"MAGAZINE SECTION The Sunday Stare ILLUSTRATED FEATURES FICTION AND HUMOR Part 5—8 Pages WASHINGTON, D. €., SUNDAY MORNING, MAY 3, 192 emical Warfare Service Finds Man Development of Mild Forms of Tear Gases Provides Method of Fighting Bank Robbers, Dispersing Mobs and in Oth to Public S BY C. MORAN. WO “hold-up walked into shoved au the teller's case, ed that he hand over a pack bills. The teller pressed with his foot, there 2 escapi and a cloud which red them helpless discha the faces of the would-be rc s he story of how this Chicago & men Chi butto hiss of N Purposes—NMasks Have Been Perfected. was er Ways Contributing afety—Whole Range of Human Endeavor, From Agriculture to Navigation, May Find Some Benefits in Work That Is Being Done «| | in Laboratory at Edgewood Arsenal, Md.—Warning Given to Sailors Through Mild Gas When Hydrocyanic Acid Is to Be Used for Fumigation strated the “hold-up” really be outside Washing ewood Arsenal, Md., 1e 600 scien- > engaged pmmercial for ire gases and chemical > developmer 1 forms of ises with w to combat bank ars, disperse and in other protect pul ifety is only one phase of the wor of these in vestigators. The experiments deal | wctically the whole range of | nmercial endeavor, from | navigation—even the utic agents « powerful S | 1 nt for | and dis- the reau | story of the | substance | \ wrived from bubonic | wreas of India. The | 1to the vessel and | nise of several hun- roaches and rats— Al Warfare Service ic and civilia developing workers a in war R hur infested < pumped d two Ch Many less ch nimal W of in short ind human rf Service use The Chem- an effort to 1 loss of hu- 2 mild form is pumped into the its fumigation with ind thus serve as a board that the e e 3 fumigated. = p— zain entrance to the | tories through special n the War Department, | find in inner compartments which on clos. prove to be scien- | masks of various he work of s and chem- hat the work- nces are required ks continually when life. in nte 1ng to. to el is 53 It you \rsenal v owill o fr | \ queer kind of | < thg outside 1 cfvilian em we xas masks, the vhich are attached to out wall Fumes of various potency are pumped into | chamber ind permitted to | pe through the outlets in the Walls for the purpose of testing the effectiveness of the different kinds ur‘i zas masks, You wil torture es of lets in the have vyielded t are ef-| fective 1S or com | mercial = countered in industry. | There ar il | mon acid. Poiso a constant menice industri coal chemical labor ilroad and un- derwater tunneling nd in fire-fight- | fng, and an all-purpose canister has been developed which protec- tion a st practic se gases and fumes. There are smaller chambers at the laboratory in which | the more deadly fume§ are tested. canisters for ich nd hydroc nd fumes to workers in such | d copper mining. pro- rbon a smoke cloud. +to prevent frost Laying 4 Portable canisters developed dam to produce smoke clouds. transparent |an experiment to protect orchards from frost damage by laying smoke screens over the tre A fleet of These chambers also have outlets to| planes at the first warning of frost which may be attached other cham-|can cover miles of orchards in short bers containing animal subjects such | order. rats, mice and nea | ind | The development of airplane appara- rious in which destroy | tus with which to spray flelds and | hd other property orchards with insecticides has been | now then the deadly sub- [an important part of the work of the | of re chemicals and|Chemical Warfare Service. One type it are handled in these ex-|of apparatus consists of a metal hop- periments get in their insidious work | per, through the trap bottom of which | upon the exverimenters, but the ele- | the poison dusts are fed, the chemicals ment of personal hazard is considered | being blown over the crops by the .s nothing to the end being attained | Propellers of the plane. | m saving the lives of industrial pray from airplanes is | oilka ey making industry | eXtremely hazardous work. The | e iiciart planes must fly cl to the ground Some experiments have been made | and the slightest mishap means cer- ihtho cquipn ction with | tain death for the pilots and their S5 OF thatc th which | assistants. Yet the advantages in | to combat the \lled marine borer. | Saving time and the more effective | This pest a constant menace to | distribution of the poisons are such | shipping interests, destroying the sup- | that several airplafe companies have SorisTioh idk and other maritime | found it profitable to undertake such | imber. Toxic materials have been|Work for farmers, on a commercial 1d in cooperation with the Na-|basis. = : tional Research Council and with| In dusting cotton it is necessary to | Government bureaus, that give satis- |40 the work at night, when the dew | LIty Aa this wrorlt is on the cotton, so that the poison | — 2to exactly the | Will adhere to the cotton leaves. N fons of dollars’ worth of food and | 1asses has been used with the du: oty ARl oo destroyed | Some sections to obviate this night Bect Deits it ases and | Work, but In numerous cases a high e Htnase’ mortality among honey bees, which, ety in eating the molasses, also consume S Trors thess the poison, has resulted. 16,000,000 volon In dusting the plants from air- 1.500,000,000 planes the dust is broken up into fine 000 brshiels particles, which readily adhere to the HUARelE i leaves, and thus make it possible to do the work during daylight hours. It is pointed out, also, that one plane operating four hours a day can take | care of as much area for the season as at least 40 cart dusting machines aving the greatest acreage capacity of any machines now used in cotton dusting. The development of smoke screens and means for prodycing them h: been held out as an outstanding ac complishment of the service. Smoke candles have been developed which in two minutes throw out a dense cloud the crops Ever stances gases d in 1ses of upward of ; corn, over . 500,000, 00,000,000 000,000 bushels; bushels. r were it | rfare of destructive ele- heavy toll, but new chemicals, tus for their achieve even the uncez sclence against the ments that exact su with the aid c . and modern appar se, science hopes to sreater progress. = Whern this money bag is dropped, gas pours from handle, making it impossible for bandits to secure the bag. JLEETS of airplanes, as this is writ- | ten, are Dbel ready to launch’ periodic acks throughout he cotton bhelt he cotton boll | that hangs in the air for 15 minute: weevil. The plan sipped with the [ It is considered that if the smoke itest warfare atus for dis- | clouds from airplanes can be m: and poisons, will | to hang in orchards during the crit- h-dealing insecti- | fcal frost hours during the night tre-| Rldhie wouk i cotton plants. mendous saving of fruit erops can be | (YPe of the valuable work done by Vou would!| emeoten; the service in behalf of maritime in- | The development of anti-fouling ment. paints for ship bottoms is another avy Dep made appa iy | The numerous commercial uses of | moditied forms ¢ tear gas de veloped by the service are just be- ginning to be understood. Some of | these re in mnection with the fumigation of ships with hydro ni¢ acid, protecting nks from attack by bandits, mail trains from train robbers, in dispersing mobs and in spread clouds of de ides through In Maryland iave seen a sir i sprayi have resulted in the preparation of | several such paints, tests of which in co-|indicate that a artment, | of this problem w actory solu rplanes I be found. e Life Seems to Put on Motley Curlis airplane equipped with hopper for dustin qu poflsori%ver orchzrgg 9 over ar orchard prisoner overcome and capturved | by use of tear gas aftera fight wi police. forcing criminals out of barricaded buildings. Tear gas causes the victims to cry, and, depending upon the strength of the solution, renders him tempo- rarily helpless, but without lasting effect. The Police Departments at Chicago, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia have been particularly active in the use of tear gas in their work. The tear- gas apparatus used by banks con- sists of a small container resembling a steam valve, which is attached to the teller's cage near the teller's foot. A pistol is ineffectual in the hands of a “stick-up” man when a strong charge of tear gas is discharged in his face. A recent demonstration made by | Chemical Warfare Service officers | ith a small tear gas cannon that resembles a rapid-firing gun showed that the gas can be made effective at a distance of half a mile. An- other way to use the gas is In a patent handbag handle, which re leases a charge of gas Awhen the ba is dropped, as when a bank mes- senger is “held up” on the street. The use of these modified .forms of warfare gases is being extended also to therapeutic purposes, such as in the treatment of respiratory disorders. Various toxics have been developed {n this copnection, their curative value being tested at free clinics which have been established in_the War Department. President Coolidge and other Gov- ernment officials have taken the chlorine gas treatments from time to time, the patients being required to remain in the room one hour, dur- ing which they inhale the fumes of chlorine that permeates the com- partment. HELIUM. the rare gas, properties of non-flammability render it invaluable in the operation of glant dirigibles, now seems likely to find a new important use In diving and tunneling activities. Tests at 1 NNULET ANDREWS OHL, Peking, I chanced o open a scrap- writing in a recent number of | book on the table beside me. Think- Asia, titles her article “The |ing I might come upon some bit of Toy Cosmopolis” and states |romance, I glanced through page after that “life puts on the motley | page of clippings from the Society of Pierrot in Legation street, Peking.” | columns—notices of dinners, lists of & | guests! His v, my host, 100k | fabric of a_great city’s life, and Le- 2 ing over m: said, . now on street is c o you have discovered what a silly but- ‘?f;e‘u_ R e e oy e secret | forny' T am? Then he explained t e on the table. | SSBY LA Ihen B O btk | The cosmopolitan village trails its W | be ha i e Scrapbooks. | mile of length close to the base of | compiled during his 25 vears in diplo- | o “myrtar city wall, the ramparts of “These foolish things are use- . < entente arises. Then It | Tacy; These o0 e Interna. | Which look down upon it like a bal- , : Y on a rotunda. From this bal- of war between the two for | qon "y It is easy 0 favor. Chinese resilience | oAl ¥ CIoD e e of Yione | cony the city can be intimately | trace the affiliations of nations | < be the fray without permanent | ol 0% SO P he Deople with | Yisioned from’ its beginning at the lamage. but of course one of the for- | (JOIE L S O e | American Legation, beside the temple- whom envoys dine. : £ eign alliances gets the better, pro | RO | roofed Chienmen, to the Belgian Le- tem, of the other. Then what hap- | i o { gation below the Ha-ta-men. which pens? Do the rivals become angry ‘THH envoys sent to China by the| finishes the sequence of diplomatic «top speaking? Oh, no! In diplomacy | ©* nations of earth dwell more or | homes. Each legation, with its houses politeness increases with hate. The | less harmoniously together, somewhat | for chief of s secretaries, consular disappointed entente invites the suc- |like the animals in the ark, within |officials and students, military bar- cessful group to dine | the marrow confines of the toy cos-|racks and officers’ quarters, occupies Over coffes and liguor at one of | mopolis. It i8 a city composed of only | an ample plot of ground, upon which these friendly-enemy dinners in|one street; for the smaller streets|the houses open, and these leading into it are mere tributaries. On this Legation street, in Peking, diplomacy is the profession, just as in London medicine is the profession of Harley street. But Harley street runs like a tiny thread through the pounds, surrounded by high stone walls, are entered from the street by means of heavy double gates of iron, so that the effect from the wall is that of a rather grim feudal fortress. The toy cosmopolis has never been a growing town. No apartment build- ings or small suburban houses spring up to meet the demand of an increas. ing population. The increasing popu lation lies outside the wall. _This for- eign quarter, of course, is only a thin strip set along the wall-inclosed acres. The golden-roofed Forbidden City lies northwestward of the British Lega- tion, and about the wall-guarded pal- aces of the old Dowager Empress circle Chinese shaps, tne “yamens” of Manchu princes—for these are pre- | republican_days—the homes of Chi- nese merchants and officials. China, the real China, is south of the wall. It flows in azure streams about the base of the legation fortress. It moves between bazaars and lantern shops-in S (Continued on Seventh Page.) SCRET diplomacy, in the mopolis, s difficult as All the cards as one group of power to scheme for mutual g is s soon med Chinese iands * ok ok ok whose | the Bureau of Mines' experiment sta tion at Pittsburgh that this substancs, when mixed with oxygen, forms a respirable atmosphere similar to normal air. Use of the helium-oxyen mixtures materfally reduces the time of de compression process by which divers and compressed air ‘workers are re- stored to normal air conditions after finishing their work. thus minimizing the hazard of compressed air illness or caisson disease to which these workers are subject. ! Compressed air illness, disease, is due to a too rapid lower ing of air pressure after exposure to | high pressures for a period of time, causing the nitrogen to form bubbles |in the body tissues. These bubbles are most dangerous if formed in the spinal cord and brain, where they may cause paralysis or even death Experiments on animals have shown that decompression can be safely made from the helium-oxygen show or caisson time necessar | stitution lora o of from a | icus cher | Hitting the High Spots. H : asket rattan prov h the hoops of pieces, on instrument where it is e ment at any t Records of ed by the use indeed startli for instance, t 50 de; | about | heit tempera the coldest Iy m hrenheit th corite haun practically ending to t this great | are the tead an | gum ca sed in of making the record a Once the ascer meteorograph fin dictate the cov tive power, |ing wheel, | depends upon the capi Air currents, howeve! from the nor are largely i direction The Wi | make ocean vova the danger of los k e in the ¢ from lar ent air curre the tiny explorer of U out to sea That the meteorogra trictly to business after i once begun and s to loit |its way, is indicatec vels at the rate r hour ce of the win are generally weau has seen fit to s taboo because of ascensions Midwe it finally reaches the quali in the balloon to to intrust itsel <hort 1 rub is dependent of the sheet rubber which it has seen fit If the rubber happens the trip is necessarily the other hand, with practic: ascensi it the instruments were ) be of Durin Louis, some « found very mnear the place sion, within five miles or others had journeved 285 At the time of the ascension there is secured to the meteorograph envelope on which are printed instruc tions to the finder to pack and return the apparatus to the Weather Bu reau; and a small reward is offer and poid for this service. It seems rather remarkable that about 90 pi cent are returned intact, but this accounted for in part by the fact the the parachutes used to retard the rate of descent are m ght color so as more readily ct tion of ascer s0, while miles. The Flexible (NE of the ingenious inventions displaved at a recent business exhibition in London was a new tele | phone attachment that enables stenographer to have hoth hands free A long, flexible arm, rising from a base on which the telephone instru ment rests, holds the recaiver to the listener’s ear. Arm. » P