Evening Star Newspaper, May 3, 1925, Page 47

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Everyday Religion ot a Talk on Theology, Living. BY RIGHT REV?® JAME! Bishop of The Priority of Religion. St. Matthew, 14.33: “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteous- ness: and all these things shall be added unto you.” O what things did Christ allude? In the preceding verse we find them set forth. They common things or necessities of our everyday* life—raiment, food and, shelter. In the face of these persistent needs that are common to 1, Jesus dared to maintain the priority of righteousnes: In this con- nection Mr. Clutton-Brock of the Lon- don Times says “Unfortunately, many ministers of religion and others have formed a habit of speaking about the coming of the kingdom in a way which me: 1y irritates people by its vagueness. There have always been those whe hoping for a good time in the future, telieve it will come by some super- natural intervention, and that every- body will then be good. “A point often ignored is that, ac cording to the teaching of Christ, the whole spirit of the universe is favor- ble, and not (as many would ay) hostile to the kingdom of heaven That was what Christ meant when he sald, ‘Seek yve first the Kingdom of God and H; hteousne: and all these things shall be added unto you “If we sought the other thing: personal prosperity and so on—first, we should not get even them. But if we first get this passion for the king- dom of heaven, then we shall have all the prosperity and happiness that is desirable.” It is striking to note that this dis. tinguished sccular author maintains hat, without righteousness, personal erity falls of its purpose. Sup- plementing this poi of view, the distinguished statistician, Babson, con- siders that all forms of prosperity are contingent upon the righteousne: of the people. History demonstrates the accuracy of the foregoing conclusions. A nation without moral or spiritual convictions, no - matter what its strength, its wealth or its prosperity, has. in time, broken down and been destroyed. In individual life today, especially in large centers of wealth, material success or prosperity does not insure moral rectitude, or disclose those elements of strength that make for power and endurance. Indeed the contrary is true. Our methods or standard o measuring growth and eflicienc; and, indeed. prosperity it self, are ‘frequently at variance with the certain facts which history has disclosed. re the | But Upon Life and Right E. FREEMA Washington. ,D. D, Gibbon makes evident in his great work on the decline and fall of Rome, that the insidious and secret forces that weakened and ultimately de- stroved the empire were the product of an enervated and impaired moral |and spiritual life. The ancient maxim, | “Where there is no vision the people | perish,” holds good in every age. Na- | tions and individuals have shown their greatest strength and physical |and intellectual excellencies in _the face of seemingly insuperable diffi- | culties. Often poverty itself and wide- spread disaster have failed to break |or to impair either their strength o stability, The high-minded, but ill jequipped Army at Valley Forge, led by a great spiritual leader, was strengthened to resist and overcome the forces of an old world power. Since November, 1918, the world's best thinkers and diplomats have been endeavoring to restore to normal our political, soclal and economic institu- tions. No one will venture to affirm that their efforts have met with meas urable success. On the contrary, the situation that now confronts civiliza- tion may properly be regarded as | more serious that that which con- fronted it in 1914. The war has seem ed to solve nothing, and instead of being a “war to end war,” it has be- come the genesis of frictions, jeal,- ousies, passions and every other form of human ill the world over. g During the war, spiritual idealism seemed to take on a more definite form, and we had hopes of better things. Fine Impulses and high as- pirations seemed to dominate us. What a tragic result we witnessed today in the face of our high thinking and our tremendous sacrifices! Is it possible |that the world must pass through another Armageddon more awful than that which is past before it shall have | restored those things that make for it happiness, its peace and its stabilit | No matter what form our creeds ma take, no matter what our party shib- boleths may be, it is becoming in- creasingly clear that “Righteousness exalteth a nation” and that * a curse to any people.” We rise higher than our moral or spiritual standards. There is no vagueness or lack of the practical in the great teachings of Jesus. He, of all the world's teachers, sought for a tran- quil world wherein dwelleth righteous- For this cause He lived, and for | cause He was crucified. Not until we have, in some degree, approxi- mated His lofty teachings, will we re- store *he peace and the order of the world. Final Recovery Is Indicated by Events BY WILLIAM . REDFIELI Former Secretary of Commerce of the ¢ Enough has heen accomplished in | Austria to justify hope of final recov- | ery. But time and patience are| needed, for the nr aining problems are difficult. The republic of Austria is but one | of the fragments into which the em-| pire-kingdom of Austria-Hungary was divided after the w A map of the old dual monarchy compured with one of the present political divisions cover- | ing the same area g the impre: sion that a bomb exploded there whic broke everything to bits and that in| the scattering the imperial name | stuck to the smallest fraction that re- mained intact. Austria one-third the size of Juggslavia, three-fifths that of Czechoslovakia, maller than the diminished Hungary and about one- fourth the area of the new Rumania. It is comparable in America to Malne or the Republic of and comes midway between South Carolina and Indiana. | Thus reduced. iis population is li tle more than that of New York Cit Out of the general disruption, how- ever, it retained the great city of V enna with nearly 2,000,000 souls, more than a quarter of the whole popula- don. This metropolis has no normal hinterland and the republic is ill-bal- | anced, for, besides Viena, Graz and Linz are large towns. In thls respect Austrian conditions are abnormal Add to political disintegration the | economic and human wastes of war; create new tariff barriers within what | once was domestic territory; remove sources of essential materials outside | the republic’s area, and. finally, bréak- up trade routes and the established intimacles of centuries, and the na- tural results follow. Austria sank | into evil economic ways and was threatened with complete collapse. Thirteen figures were needed to ex- press both the budget and the deficlt in depreciated puper crowns. Stake of the American People In Future of BY NORBERT LYONS. Secretary American Chamber of Commerce for the Philippines The Philippine Islands com- regarded as a small group of lying the whose defense occasionally pre- s itself as a military problem to pester our Army and Navy authorities. Every once in a twhile a congre sional committee brings up the que: tion, and the general Iimpression cathered from the~e hearings is that the Philippines -re altogether too troublesome a national appendage to bother with. Tt is high time that the true geographic, economic and strate- gic importance of this American pos- session were better understood by the public at large. Whether or not the Philippines are important strategically depends upon one’s attitude as regards our national obligations toward the Filipino people. If one believes that we have no con- | tinuing obligations toward those people and that we ought to comply immeditely with the demands of their leaders for complete political inde- pendence, then the Islands have no strategic value, either commercial or military. Once we cut our political s with the Philippines, it will be no concern of ours how they develop their foreign commerce or how suc- cessful they may be in maintaining their territorial integrity. Those who belisve, however, in the indefinite re- tention’ of the islands, out of a sense of solicitude and responsibility for the people, maintain that the archi- pelago is well situated strategically, both from a military and a commercial standpoint. A glance at the map of the Far East will reveal the Philippines as occu- pying almost the geographical center of that region. They form an impor- tant link in the insular chain separates China and the continent of Asia from the Pacific Ocean. The Philippined constitute one of the are islands somewhere in Pa- cific {are found. | States. that'| (Copyright, 1 of Austria Then the League of Nations took hold, put Dr. Zimmerman, a Hol- linder, in charge as commissioner general for Austria, arranged in Sep- tember, 1922, a plan for financial aid in which ten nations and American bankers took part. and results were soon seen. The budget went down | and the deficit with it. Over 73.000 | officials were dismissed up to Febru ary 28, 1 unemployment was re duced, taxation was increased, and the | Reparations Commission ugreed to | walt 20 years for the share due from | Austria under the treaty of St. Ger-| main. Things began to look better | for Austria. On December 20, 1924, the new gold schilling was authorized and the sta- bility of the currency was assured by the "return to the gold standard Tariff treaties are being negotiated with neighboring countries and, al-| though the economic crisis fs not ended, the present situation, s Zimmerman, on January 31, 19 not_without it uring aspects. Neverthele grave enough. Unemploymen fell in October. 1923, to under 80,000, rose on Febru. ry 13, 1 to over 192,000. This| was partly because of seasonal influ- ences, and the drirt chanzed for the better in the middle of March. The budget is not vet balanced, although the deficit is now less than the amounts expended on investments, and January last showed an unex. pected surplus. The most rigid econ. omy is still required to carry the strain of recovery, but an Austrian bank points out at the end of March | that pessimists are apt “to go rather | by accidental symptoms, if they re. | veal a drawback, than by fundamental | facts which reveal progress.” Win-| ning the way back is always painful and usually slow. The whole situa- tiorr recalls the saying of the Latin Doet that the descent to Hades is easy, | but to retrace one’s steps and come | back to the upper air, this is the labor and the difficulty rex it s which the Philippines tage, as it is ideally situated, for a base of trading activities and could also serve as a base for naval opera- tions. At any rate, it controls the door to central China from the Pa- cific side. Then it is worth while remember- ing that the islands are much larger in area than most people are aware of. North and south the group measures 1,152 miles, east and west 682 miles. Thel total land area is 115,026 square miles, or about the same as that of Italy. They are larger than the New England States and New York taken together. Practically all tropical products are grown there. Sugar is_the principal product, followed by Manila hemp, rice, coconut ofl, copra and tobacco. Gold, copper, coral, iron and other minerals abound. = Thousands of square miles of fine hardwood forests Philippine foreign trade for 1924 amounted to $243,372,000, of which about 65 per cent was with the United It should be plain that no one would be justified in referring to the islands as “small fry,” as has at times been done. THE SUNDAY BY DREW PEARSON. BOUT a year ago the city of Chicago got tired of being maligned by the press as the most criminal and immoral city in the country and decided that there must be some relation between its public school system and the training of its children for good or bad citizenship. So Chicago looked around for I school man in the coun William McAndrew, then asso tendent of schools in New York City. McAn drew had had a long career in public school work, having organized the Washington Irving School in New York and having served as principal of Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, the Hyde Park High School in Chicago and superintendent of the public schools of Clair, Mich. During his short year and a half in Chi- cago McAndrew already has done some big things, and when I was commissioned to in- terview the greatest educators of the country on the subject: “Is Education Responsible for the Jazz Age of Youth,” I promptly Sought out McAndrew The great educator is answered & ness of his ing view. the best pub. and selected ate superin- g a wily Scotsman, who questions with the blunt frank- ace, and seemed to enjoy inject bit of picturesque humor into the inter- His replies to my questions follow: Q. Mr. McAndrew, what do vou the greatest fault in our pre: public school education? A. The tendency to teach students how to make money. That seems to be the chief aim in our hools today. We superintendents used to in duce our teachers to emphasize the fact that a high school education helps a boy or girl to get ahead in life. Every June, before the students were to leave the last grade of the elementary schools, they were given lecture: on: “Why Go to High School,” the chief ar gument being that a high school graduate made more money than an elementary school graduate. This money business constantly w being drummed into their heads. Education Is State Duty. But we are changing that. teachers now gives a week’s course of instruc tion to elementary students in June emphasiz ing the idea that the whole purpose of sch is better citizenship. To go to high school is a duty to the State and not for the purpose of benefiting the individual boy or girl. The en tire city pays the bill. Q. Why isn't it a good thing for to learn to get ahead in life? A. I can best answer that question by ask ing you another. Why should Jones, over here, be paying taxes so that Smith’s boy, over thes can get ahead in life and make more money Why should some, who are childless. who do not b as many children as the others, spend money to help their neighbors’ children make more money? It's against the whole theory of public school education Plea for Public Schools. Go back to One of our best students or ve the first public school laws. Take the one passed in 1835 in the State of Pennsylvania. Its promoter, Thaddeus Stev- ens, had the devil's own time putting it ac It had been turned down time and time ag: Finally the word went round that Stevens was going to stage one last grand plea for the bill The Senate, which had already rejected it cathe down to the lower house and crowded the window sills and aisles to see the fun. I w n't there myself, so I can’'t quote Stev ens verbatim, but the clinching argument he used was like this: “Why should you, you pay for the education of your neighbor's Let each man pay for his own children, s ability, you sa But I say that the education of your neighbor's boy, and every boy in the State of Pennsylvania is necessary, not for them. but for the safety of the Commonweaith and for th maintenance of good government.” Stevens said a lot more. The Senate went back to its own chamber and passed the bill. The same school law motive was behind of every State in the U the ion public The STAR, WASHINGTC D. C, WILLIAM McANDREW. WHY JAZZ DOMINATES YOUTH. “Money grabbing is the chief subject taught in the schools today. That's one reason for our crime wave.” “We teach students how to translate Latin instead of how to participate in self-government.” “We teach biology instead of hon- L7 pid “Seventy-five per cent of financial crimes are committed by youths un- der 25 Some think moral and civic educa- tion in the schools should be incidental. But what is more important, Ameri- can ideals or arithmetic?” statute nois word ing happine: of edu providing for the organization of Tlli- ablished public schools with these ligion, morality and knowledge, be- wary for good government and the of mankind, schools and the means ation shall be forever encouraged.” We Copied English. Q. How did the public schools happen to deviate from the original aim of teaching bet ter citizenship? A. They never really adopted it. Our first schools were imported from abroad. The Bos- ton Latin School took from England the idea of teaching men to be “gentlemen.” We got the habit, especially in the East, of patterning our schools after these, which were essentially English. Today, some of us have never made good the original ideas which were behind the founding of our schools, and if Washington and Jefferson were to come back to life, they would be sadly disappointed with us. I think they would say: “Wake up! and learn the difference between teaching boys the value of money and manners and teaching them their duty to their country. What do you think we had a revolution for? Q. If Lincoin had had a public education, do you think he would ever been President? A ot if he had our present kind of edu cation. Nor Washington, nor Jefferson either. Our great awakening came in 1916, when Presi- dent Wilson urged us to quit fiddling around Greek and Latin and European history and teach American ideals. We did wake up for a while, but since the war we are in danger of dropping back to the old ruts. ated school have MAY 3, 1925—PART 2. “Nation’s Schools Should Teach Ideals And Not Dwell on Money-Grabbing” A. They should, but T am not sure that they do under our present system. The per- centage of voters that actually cast ballots in the last election was somewhere around 50 per cent. Of the non-voters, do you suppose most of them were educated or uneducated? They tell us that it was the educated gentlemen— the college fellows—who packed up their golf sticks and motored out to the country clubs on election day. Education alone does not make good citizen- ship. Loeb and Leopold had all the education of a certain kind that they could stuff into their systems. Greek and Latin and ento- mology and all the other ologles, but no evi- dence of moral training. They lacked all sense of obligation to their God and their country. Q. Is our educational system to blame for our present crime wave? A. Maybe. The youth of this last genera- tion were not given a clear idea as to why they were being educated. They thought they were being trained to make money. So they ‘went out to make money. And they have made it in the quickest possible way—sometimes by crooked deals, sometimes by bank-breaking. It is significant that 75 per cent of the financial crimes are committed by youths under 25. ‘They weren't effectively taught good citizen- ship. which means something more than money- making. Chicago to Teach Morals. This lack of moral education is one of the greatest fallings of the public school and State university. When I was a student T don't re- member one professor who said anything about it being wrong to frequent the houses of ill- fame in the nearby city. It was outside the curriculum. Neither home nor school is doing as much moral teaching as both should do. Q. How much moral education is the public school student getting today? A. In Chicago every child above the fifth grade is to get one hour a week of what we call “Civic Service.” That means character culture, not surface culture. It takes in the whole fleld of service that a man owes his fel- low human beings. And if you can't teach character culture in the school you might Jjust as well shut up the churches, abolish mother- hood and prohibit Rotary Clubs, Kiwanis Clubs and all service organizations. Some think that moral and civic education in the schools should be “incidental.” But which is more important: American ideals or arithmetic? How to be honest or to spell? How to participate in self-government or how to translate Latin? Let Latin and bielogy be incidental and the duties and rights of citizen ship be the main show. Less Educational Frills. The colleges of the East are partly to blame for setting up this standard of Greek and Latin. They emphasize educational frills rather than moral and civic backbone. West- ern public schools are refusing to follow them in this. We belleve it our duty to prepare students for life rather than for college board examinations. We doubt that algebra can be of much use in training a citizen how to vote. A public school education is like West Point or Annapolis. It is not to teach ornamental subjects which benefit chiefly the individual. It should train the habits that will serve the Nation. Public school education is paid for by the entire country, and it should be a prepara- tion, not to serve one, but the community. This is no whimsical theory. It is the au thentic and repeated proposition of the men who set up the Republic and proposed educa- tion to keep it going. It is the deliberate con- viction of Washington, Franklin, Adams, Je terson, Madison and Monroe. It is the obliga- tion of a service supported by the taxes of the people, not merely of parents. If you make any other teaching important, if you devote yourself to scholarship or to success in life or to fitting for college or to any other old ob- jectivé to the neglect of the fundamental politi- cal forces of a self-governing people you are a wastrel, a slacker and a traitor. A wave of moral delinquency is too gene: ally said to be submerging us, for us to dare to dillydally now with old scholastic ideals. The country is crying for higher civic ideals. These are the schools’ pressing ideal STANDARDIZATION TO AID NEW YORK MAYORALTY PAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS Move for Uniform Specifications on In- dustrial Products Expected to Help IS STIRRING DEMOCRATS Hylan-Smith Fight Will Have Large Bear- ing on Party at Large—Mayor Story Week Has Told HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended May 2: * % % ¥ The British Empire.—On April 29 Winston Churchill, chancellor of the exchequer, submitting his first budget to the Commons, announced the re turn of Great Britain to the gold standard. The dominions (i. e., those which had not already done s0) simul taneously returned to gold; and so did Holland and the Dutch Fast Indies. It remains to see how soon France and Italy will (or perhaps one should say “can”) follow suit. Of course, Mr. Churchill expects that the return to gold will boost the foreign and intraimperial trade of the empire; others, however, think that the return is premature and that de- pression of trade will result. Credits to the total of $300,000,000 have been placed, in New York, at the disposal of the Bank of England; $200,000,000 by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; $100,000,000 by the Morgans; if more {8 required it will be forthcom- ing, said Mr. Churchill. These credits and the Bank of England's gold re- serve of £153,000,000 will furnish pro- tection against fluctuations of ex- change from speculation or whatever cause. The most interesting other features of the budget are as follows: Res toration of the “McKenna duties (formerly levied under the safeguard- ing of industries act), abolished by the late Labor government, the most important being the duties on the fol- lowtng-named fmported luxuries: motor vehicles, films, clocks, watches and musical instruments; new pro- tective duties on silks and hops; ex- tension of operation of the principle of imperial preference (but so as not {to involve taxation of essential food- stuffs); six pence in the pound off the income tax on earned incomes under £5,000; a supertax reduction | and a corresponding increase of the death dutles, and, far the most im- portant, a recasting and enlargement of the system of insurance for the {laboring ~ classes (involving certain | | compulsory contributory features not likely to please the labor unions). The present value of the incumbrance | on the state entailed by the recasted system is estimated at £750,000,000. The budget contemplates a total { expenditure of about eight hundred {million pounds, and predicts a surplus | of about thirty-seven millions. In | | froming his budget, Mr. Churchill did | {not permit himself to assume an im- portant expansion of trade. | Attacking the budget, Philip Snow- den, chancellor of the exchequer in the Labor government, was very sar- | castic concerning its protective fea- tures and the income tax and super- tax reductions. He called Churchill, one-time fiery champion of free trade, & turncoat protectionist, and (one can- not but suspect sour grapes) he characterized the workers insurance proposals- as camouflage for a “rich man’s budget.” Sir Robert Horne, formerly Conservative chancellor of { the exchequer, declared to the con- trary that the insurance provisions ‘made the prospects of the Labor party negligible, as Mr. Snowden has discovered.” It's all in the interpre- tation, you see. Sir Robert was de- lighted, too, with the proposal of ex- tenslon of operation of the principle of imperial preference, aptly inviting attention to the reaction of the Union {of South Africa to the Labor party’s contraction of operation of that prin ciple. Mr. Snowden was happier in his charge that the new chancellor BY HENRY L. SWEINHART. HE value was of “standardization’ emphasized during the war. It has been shown to be a peace-time measure, as well, in securing greater efficiency in In the United States it al- ready is playing an important part in nufacturing, the building and y other industries. The Depart- ment of Commerce, with Secretary Hoover in the lead, has been taking a very active interest in the movement to secure increase of production and greater volume of trade for American business through standardization—a “cutting out” of some of the over- numerous processes and _manifold measures in yogue in practically all lines of commercial activity today. Secretary Hoover Is interested in this problem notgonly from the na- tional but from the international standpoint as well, particularly as be- tween the United States and the other republics of the Western Hemisphere. As president of the central executive council of the Inter-American High Commission, whose purpose is to fur- ther and improve financial and con mercial relations among the 21 na- tions of the pan-American group, he is interested in discovering what “stand. ardization” can do to develop and better trade in this field and then to put it into operation. The next pan-American standard- ization conference is to be held in the United States, probably in Washing- ton, although the place has not vet been fixed. Even if the conference does not hold all of its sessions in this city, it seems to be certain that the delegates from all the visiting Latin American countries will come here to conduct some of their study. The fact that the Bureau of Standards, with the many interesting tests it is making all the time, and with its many experts, is located here would make a trip to Washington well worth while on the part of all the delegates to the conference. The first gather- French Bohemians Routed by High Prices American tourists desiring to see the real life of French Bohemia are at a loss. They wander from place to place, from the cafes indicated in pre-war guide books to the cut-throat dens described as the “real thing” by so-called expert guides. But they fail to find the bearded, long-haired French artiets. The artists have not ceased to exist, but have had to with- draw their patronage ‘from their fa- vorite haunts because of the higher longest and most important links in L this chain. Acquisition of this link by any foreign power otherwise in- terested in the Far East would mean the securing of a very great advan- prices for coffee and beer. In the old places, the French artist is replaced by the American, Spanish or Dutch artist, and the atmosphere is changed, ing of this character was held recently in Lima, Peru. Hoover Will Aid. A report on the results of -the first Pan-American Conference on Uni- formity of Specifications has just been submitted to Secretary Hoover, and an advisory committee, composed of Commerce Department officials, has been named to aid in the program looking to greater uniformity in com- mercial standards among the Ameri- can republics. The appointment of this committee was in accordance with a recommendation of the recent meet ing which calls for the adoption by the nations interested of a conven- tion “to provide for continuous study and to secure the establishment of common standards and nomenclatures, uniform quality bases, simplified classifications and standard specifica- tions. for raw materials and industrial products. Trade With Republics of South. An important advance in the direc tion of pan-American standardization may be expected at the time of the conference here, in the opinion of Albert W. Whitney of New York, who was chairman of ‘the American engi- neering standards committee and head of the United States delegation to the Lima meecting. In discussing the question since his return from Peru he | expressed the hope that the work in the various countries will be well under way by the time of the gather- ing here, and that a good start will have been made at standardization through the heipful efforts of the Inter-American High Commission, a continuing body composed of national groups from each of the pan-Ameri- can countries. Success Seems Assured. AMr. Whitney expressed the opinion that the progress thus made, taken in | connection with the very strong show- ing that the United States will be able 1o make on the occasion of the conference in this country, should be all that is needed to put the pan-Amer- ican standardization movement well on its feet. Pointing to the part which “stand- ardization” already is playing in in- dustry in the United States, Mr. Whit- ney said that in the other American countries the field has hardly been touched. The task of the first con- ference was to plan for the develop- ment of work on a pan-American basis. As to its bearing on Latin American problems, he asserted that, in the first place, standardization would make these countries better able to carry on their industrial de- velopment in a more effective way, avoiding the mistakes of older indus. trial countries and putting their in- dustries at once on a highly eflicient basis; secondly, as buying countries they will be better able to obtain de- pendable material; and thirdly, it will make it possible for them to place the production and marketing of their own raw products upon a more effec- tive basis. It is clear, Mr. Whitney points out, that there will be in the future in- creasingly closer relations between the American States; and these rela- tions, he added, must be carried on in a spirit of sympathy and mutual understanding, otherwise they will be a source of irritation instead of pro- ductive of good results. There is no way, he continued, in which individ- uals or nations can come to know and understand each other so effectively as in working together on important undertakings of mutual interest and in which co-operation is essential. Standardization possesses these quali- ties in a high degree, he declared, and the * pan-American standardization movement may prove to be an exceed- ingly important avenue to a better and more understanding friendship ong the American peo; s i (Copyright, w:fg‘, BY N. 0. MESSENGER. T this time the chief concern in Democratic national polit- ical circles continues to be, with increasing renewal of interest, over the new York mayoralty situation. Developments are oceuring so rapidly as to keep the politiclans in a whirl. The Interest of Democrats of national prominence outside of New York City is intensi- fied by the realization of their bearing upon the affairs of the party at large looking forward to the next presiden- tial campaign, and the possibility of maintaining the strength of the de- mocracy in the State. Last week's developments in the situation included Mayor Hylan's open defiance of Gov. Smith in the latter’'s campaign to prevent Mr. Hylan’s renomination for mayor of, New York. Up to this time Gov.| Smith's campaign has been in a sense under cover, in that it has consisted of “passing the word” of his dis- pleasure over the renomination of the mayor on the ground that he did not consider Mayor Hylan the right man to attempt to carry New York City gt the polls. One feature of that opposition is thought by poli- ticians to be the Governor’s antipathy to William R. Hearst, the avowed ally of the mayor. Hint at Third Ticket. Mayor Hylan's deflance was voiced in a statement last week in which he sald that his candi- dacy would continue until the question of the mayoralty was de- cided at the polls in November. This was construed by politicians as being 2 covert admission of the possibility of his running on a third ticket, which has been proposed as a con- tingency by his ally, Willlam R. Hearst. The mayor in his statement declared that “the fight from now on until the question of the mayoralty is settled next November, is betwéEn the people who favor the 5-cent fare and demand better service on sub- ways, and the 8 and 10 cent fare advocates and their open and secret allies.’ Thus the mayor not only announced his refusal to yleld to Gov. Smith’s opposition to his candldacy, but de- clared the issue on which he will go before the voters of New York City as a candidate for re-election. The may- or’s statement, following a recent an- nouncement of Willlam R. Hearst that he would support Mr. Hylan on any ticket, was taken as conclusive of an agreement between the mayor and Mr. Hearst that the former was ready to make the fight again. The construc- tion placed by politicians was that the 5-cent car-fare issue had been arro- gated to himself by the mayor, and that he expects no other to rise. - Temmy has an axiom that “youl May Head Third Ticket. cannot beat somebody with nobody.” In this case there is a “somebody” in the fleld, while as yet nobody in par- ticular has been advanced by either Gov. Smith or Mayor Hylan's other opponents as an agreed candidate se- lected by the opposition element in Tammany Hall and in the State out- side. Politiclans agree that Mayor Hylan has seized upon a very attrac- tive issue in his fight for a 5-cent car- fare and improved subway facilities which is likely to attract considerable topical support. He has placed him- self as the advocate of “the people” as against the “interests,” which he charges are intent upon securing ad- vanced car-fare rates. He alleges that while the “interests” profess to ask a T-cent fare, they are, in fact, hoping to get a 10-cent fare. The mayor thus places himself as the doughty champion of the people surrounded by a host of enemies who are fighting to defeat the popular de- mand for continuance of the G-cent rate. “Don’t think for a moment.” he said, “that the traction companies have abandoned their efforts for higher fares. They are singing low just now because they want to lull the riders into @ false sense of security. Their satellites are contending that the 5-cent fare is no longer an issue. But it will be ‘issue enough if they can get into office men of their choice, and to do this they are willing to back any party or fusion or any other deal that can be made. They silenced all the rest when the order went forth to soft-pedal the fare Increase while they are making a desperate effort to get me and the other officials who oppose higher fares out of the way.” Charges “Underground Policles.” The mayor made another appeal for supgort of his renomination by charg- ing that “‘the traction gang and their political allies are resorting to under- ground policies, tunneling away in the darkness. They are so busy working the political subway trying to under- mine me that they have no time to improve the service on their own lines, Wwhich grows worse all the time. And they know, furthermore, that keeping in office men who will never bow to the traction trust is the only way to preserve the b-cent fare.” ‘While Gov. Smith has not openly de- clared himself to the extent of de- nouncing Mayor Hylan's candidacy, he has made it known to his followers that in his opinfon “Hylan must go. Gov. Smith, while being in New York City professedly on a vacation, “put the lid on™ all political announcements until about the middle of May. He will let the situation simmer dyring the in- terim, although his frlenyl say they perceive the probability of the neces- sity of making an open issue with Mayor Hylan over his renomination by the Democratic party and denounc- had failed to make any constructive suggestions looking to remedy of the | financial depression and unemploy- ment. Walter Runciman pointed out to the | Commons that operation of certain | of the measures proposed would sadly affect the ghief categories of French importations in Britain (motor ve- hicles, wines and silks), and hamper the efforts to rehabilitate French ex { change. The Prince of Wales arrived at Capetown on April 30 One in five of the whites of the TUnion of South Africa who work are | in government service. The costs of government in that country are ex- cessive, largely because education is bilingual, and every official paper must appear in African as well as in English; waste of time as well as of money has to be considered in re- | lation to the cost The money expenditure of education is proportionately twice what it is in Great Britain. The total population of the union is_about 7,000,000, of whom about 1,500,000 are Caucasians. One hears much of the Labor party, but its members constitute but a small frac- tion of the Caucasian minority. The proportion of Caucasian as against the native blacks, the Asiatics and those of mixed breeds, has stead- ily declined since 1904. The ideal of a white South Africa goes glimmering. The most distress- ing aspect of the population problem is the steady increase of the propor- tion of “poor whites”; they prebably constitute 10 per cent of the Cau- casians, with a growing “fringe.” The philosopher will attribute this condition to the obsession of racial superiority. A growing number of Caucasians, assuming themselves to be of superior race, are content to let it go at that and to do nothing to vin- dlcate the claim. Many of them live like beasts, while the number of skilled artisans of color mounts rap- idly. . There are elements of reassurance, but, on the whole, the present phase of the union is gray and gloomy and the prospect is fearsome. The conferring of the baton of field marshal on Sir William Bidwood upon his appointment as commander-in- chief in India is a thing without precedent. Others have been so hon- ored on relinquishing that job: none on undertaking it. This departure from precedent is of particular sig- nificance. 1t is apprehended that Sir William may have need of the' pres- tige attaching to the highest rank to supplement his demonstrated military ability and his peculiar knowledge of India. As commander of the British Fifth Army he made one of the best records of the war. He is of a famous Anglo-Indian family, was born in In. dia_and has seen much service there. Note, too, in this connection that the present secretary of state for In- dia i no less a person thar that legal luminary, the Barl of Birkenhead, whom you should expect to see, as heretofore, holding the more lucra- tive and splendid office of lord high chancellor. And, finally, note that the Earl of Reading, Viceroy of India, is now on a visit to London. It is generally thought that impor- tant decisicns are afoot relating to the “diarchy,” the by no means suc- cessful experiment of self-government in_Indla. During the three vears ended with 1924, the average annual increase of the population of Australia by immi- gration was about 34,000 and the aver- age annual excess of births oyer deaths about §2,000. Xk ok % France.—The French birth rate keeps on declining. In 1924 births exceeded deaths by about 72,000, as agalnst about 95,000 in 1923. The situation would be worse but for the high birth-rate in the recovered provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. The Comprehensive Survey of Latest Events in United States and Abroad. BY HENRY W. BUNN decline began after the war of 1870, Before that war there were about & million births annually. In 1807 the number had fallen to 774,000. In 1924 it was 752,000. The annual excess of births over deaths in Germany is about 300,000. . The'total debt of the French govern ment is about the equivalent 22,000.000,000, or $550 per capfta. The total debt of the United States Government is about $21,000,000,000, or $188 per caplta. On April 30 the completed American Memorial Hospital for Children was turned over to the municipality of Rhelms by Ambassador Herrick. The endowment s generous Whether or no with the consent of Abdul Krim, the RIff tribesmen are aggressing upon the French pro- tectorate of Morocco and clashes with French detachments - are reported. Marshal Lyautey may be trusted to handle the situation. XS s Germany.—On April 26, Field Marshal von Hindenburg, candldate of the Right bloc, was elected President of Ger many. The official returns show: For Von Hindenburg, 14,639,399; for Ma the candidate of the Republican o: Welmar coalition, 13,752,640; for Thaelmann, the Communist candidate 1.931,591. It is generally held that the women's vote elected the old warrior—no other remar The Luther ministry office. On April 30, it was moved by the Bavarian premier and unantmously voted by the Bavarian Diet that the Diet and government adjourn to the Hofbrauhaus, to ‘“‘discu: the M bock beer. It is not true that the parliamentary {nstitution is a failure in Germany. The Germans are eating meat to about the same extent as before the war. The German minister of finance estimates that the national govern ment expenditure for the year 1925 will total about five billion marks, and that revenue will balance expenditure The fiscal vear ended March 31 showed a comfortable surplus. x5 % United States of America.—-James M. Beck resigned the office c solicitor general of the United States. Ralph D. Paine, the famous war rrespondent and author of charm ing and virile books, is dead. Eleven States have a ratio of less than five inhabitants to one motor vehicle. California’s ratio is three in habitants to one motor vehicle; Iouaf- four to one; Nevada, Kansas, Ne braska and egon follow in that order. Alabama foots the list with one motor vehicle to every sixteen in habitants. - An “‘under-cover agent” of the Fed eral prohibition enforcement depart ment has resigned his office for what will seem to all patriots an unworthy reason, namely, that his work has required him to consume an average of 50 drinks of liquor daily. * x % % ot will retair Mira.—It would seem proper that a summary of events on this planet {should take account from time to time of said planet cosment, however, df tant relatives. Several weeks ago I noted some facts about the star Mira the diameter which was recently as. certained by Dr. Plerce. Here some more facts. The diameter ,000,600 miles—that is, 300 ti the diameter of our sun. (The diam: eter of Antares, the largest | 400,000,000 mile: Mira's times as but, owing to its extremely low density, its mass is less than 100 times that of the sun. It varies 600 fold (not 200, as I previously stated) in brightness through a cycle of 332 days. It is moving away from our solar system at the rate of about 40 miles a second, or 1,300,000,000 miles a vear. O e might suppose at fi blush that its light would therefore appear to s progressively fainter But it is alnady so far aw that i difference on that account which cos be registered by the most delicate n strument yet devised would involve thousands of Miscellaneous May Day passed throughout the world. The population of pproximately 6,500,000. It is reported that D’Annunzio prc poses to fly in a hydroplane from Italy to Buenos Afres in June. One hears with pleasure that Paul Raditch, nephew of Stephen Raditch speaking in the Skupshtina the other day for the Croatian peasants’ party and its leader, his uncle, proposed that bygones be bhygones and an nounced the intention of his party to accept the constitution and to col- laborate cordially henceforth with the other. parties: hoping, however, of course. to effect autonomous changes by normal methods. Bulgarian developments of the past week do not require speclal comment It would seem that the government is slowly “liquidating” the crisis, to use an overworked expression. < A cousiderable decentralization of government is said to be under de bate by the Greek National or Con- stituent Assembly. Such a change would be sensible. Great Britain has 62 mine sweegers; the United States, 45; Ital 0 France, 29. Japan is just beginning with this_type. Prof. Penck, the German geogra pher, calculates that the present population of the earth is about 1.800.- 000,000; that the maximum population the earth could sustain is between eight and nine billfons; and that at the present rate of increase that maximum would be reached within 300 vears (for the temperate zones within 150 years). The maximum pop- ulation North America could sustain he sets at 1,120.000,000. Brazil, he says, could sustain the larg est population per square mile— total of 1,200,000,000. off quietl Austria is ap Trieste Is Regaining Place as Trade Center Trieste. formerly the chief seavort of Austria, has recovered in the last tew months its former commerclal fm- portance under its new Itallan ha- tionality. For several years after the outbreak of the World War the docks of Trieste were deserted, its quays lifeless. In the last two years {fs tom- merce steadily increased, and in ths last months of 1924 its maximum to- tal tonnage surpassed the hest Dra- war record. ol But Trieste is not, and never wifl be, in the economic sense, ‘ari Italian port. It serves chiefly thevhinterland of Central Europe. Austpis, Czecha- slovakia and other countries have there large free port zones, where goods may be received on consign- ment to the countries of destination without payment of Itallan duty. Much the greater part of the business of Trieste Is of this character. An American manufacturer of low- priced automobiles has a flourishing assembling plant in the eity. It re- ceives the parts shipped from America and assembles them for shipment to Central Europe and the Balkans, pay- ing no Italian duty, but only the duty demanded by the countries to which the cars are exported.

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