Evening Star Newspaper, April 30, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY......April 30, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .Editor v | the other four 11th St. and Pennsvlvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 4 Chicago Office: Tower Bu European Office: 18 Regent St.. London, England. The Evening Star. witl tne edition, s delivered by carrie the city at’' 60 _cents per month: di 45 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cent per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by at the end of each month. h the Sunday morn. within 20 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. and_Sundas 150 $8.40 s 151 $6.00 only 151 $2.40; Dails Daily 1 mo., 70c 1mo. &=~ B 1 0c All Other States. $10.00 $7.00% $3.00% Daily and Sunday Dails only Sunday only 1yr 15w 1y Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all newa dis- natchas errdited to it or not otherwise cred- 21 in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of sprial disnatenes herein are also reserved. Reduce High Cost of Building. When ai by law was The that the inadequate | rent wion the District to the fact practical remedy for congested and was to build and en the building of houses, and and more houses: very cheap houses for the alley dwellers already theory though not in fact evicted existing law: better, more expen- but still- cheap, sanitary houses Government employes whose salary increases during the war have been in proportion to increase of cost of building and of housing and of the general cost of living. The ending of rent regulation by law on May 22 will remove the check upon building houses for rent, which the rentals commission law naturally and inevitably has imposed. But this house-building must be supplemented by others, in order espe lly to secure an adequate supply of houses for rent reg in under ussion Star ittention > obvious of courage hou evi to b sive, for not the impetus to sanitary or These conditions impose a definite obligation upon all employers, includ ing Uncle Sam, the great dominating employer in the National Capital, with more than 60,000 employes Private in their capacity as members of the realty board, are to carry out faithtully their pledge to co-operate to hold in check demands of excessive rentals by landlords, after the compulsion of the rentals legislation May 22. Further contribution to the public welfare is to be made through such organizations as the Sanitary Hous- ing Company, multiplied and en- larged in scope, and through public- spirited builders of Washington, who are ready to make individual sacri fices; if invited, to help to supply the multitude of theap but sanitary houses which the situation demands There is also the obligation upon the Vankers and loaning companies of the city to promote house-building by heapening the cost of building loans. Whatever policy tends to develop Washington as distinctively a city of home owners is wholesome and help. tul The same considerations of public welfare which apply to other Wash- tngton employers apply also to Unc Sam, the great local employer. Is Uncle Sam, as an employer, do ing all he should to enable his em- ployes to meet the increased cost of living? Is he paying his lowest-patd employes, who suffer the most, an in ease of compensation even approxi- mating the incre in the cost of living the increase in compensa tion of employes paid by all other District employers? Has Uncle taken same ns to provide cheap, sanitary hou: ing for his employes in part at his own expense that many great pi employers have taken? Where are his model villages? Why should he not extend largely the principle and pol- icy which authorized and justified the building of Gov ployes? citizens, endeavoring ceases on to am the ate nment hotels for em- Secretary Hoover suggests | that Uncle Sam will buildings for tenement hen un der the $50,000,000 bill he has substi: tuted for rented qu ment buildings of his own Why should not the example of other cluding The Star. in helping his em- | loyes to obtain homes of their own ;- financing them in the purchase of ® &ouse, so that they may 1 long- ®rm, low-interest first trust and a second trust, it needed, at reasonable interest and without commission? The last question is answered by the announced project of attacking the high cost of financing building operations in Washington, which rep- resents the thought of Secretary Hoover and ex-Senator Ball and which has received the approval of the Presi- dent. Upon this plan the administra- tion will center its first efforts to aid in reducing rents and the cost of ing in Washington for the benefit of Government employes. Local and New York or other out- side capital is to be interested in the formation of a corporation, acting partly, it is said, as a bank and partly building and loan corporation, will make loans at reasonable rates of interest to the builders of residenves and apartment houses. Probably the effort will be made to increase the percentage-of-value fig- ure of amount loaned and to lengthen the term of first trust loans and to ¢ut down the interest rate and com- mission charges on second and sub- sequent trusts. Whatever can be accomplished in this direction will be distinctly in the community interest, and the hope will prevail that the plan of ex-Senator Ball, working in co-operation with Secretary Hoover and with the Presi- dent’s approval, will be notably suc- cessful. release large use w arters new depart employers, Uncle follow in get as which a IV T Our Lawless Frontiers. Five motor bandits the other day made a haul in the heart of the manu- 1y oniy. | Ylll the Borough of Queens in Greater ew York. Timing their visit per- fectly, they reached the scene of ac. a large dairy establishment, just Laf gon drive had turned in the weekly collection from their routes, amounting to about $12,000. While one remained in the motor car “covered” the office force and drivers with pistols and | took all the cash, and then escaped, llhu'!flh pursued by some of the officials of the company in arother car, with {an exchange of pistal shots, all of i which went wild That is the latest, and one of the most daring of a long series of ban- ditries committed in York City. Small gangs of thieves seem to be able get away with almost any sort of erime. So common have these hold-ups and large-scale raids become that they excite no particular con- cern. They are taken rather as a matter of course. The motor car and the easily ob tained pisto! make an effective combi- nation for thieves. Any crook can get an automobile and a gun. At this rate of progression toward utter law- lessness business will have to be con ducted under police guard, steel walls, posted of all establishments where collected in large sums to scrutinize all who approach This is one of the costly by-products highly developed American civili: zution | | tion to de money outs is of r—— A Bonus for Seamen. The suggestion of Chairman O'Con- nor of the United States Shipping Board that there be established an American merchant marine reserve deserves consideration. irst, such a plan, if carried out, would be effective in meeting the dif- ferential in wages now existing be- tween the American merchant marine and the merchant marine of foreign competitors. Second, an American merchant ma rine reserve would be of great value to the Navy and natios defense. It would encourage the training of Amer- icans as seamen to man merchant ves sels, who would be available for man ning American ships in time of emer gency The differential paid American and foreign seamen, under existing conditions, in favor of the foreign ship operators, is the great stumbling block today. it claimed, in the establishment of a pri vately owned and operated merchant marine. Wipe out this differential and the great Government-owned fleet probably would pass into private hands and would continue to be operated Americans for American commerce. The Government today faces a def leit of something like $25,000,000 to $30,000,000 a year in the operation of its ships. This deficit is being reduced through the efforts of the officials of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, headed by President Leigh €. Palmer, which are bringing about greater econom efficien in operation But if Chairman O’Connor is right about his plan for a merchant marine reserve it would be possible to put practically all of the Government ships into private hands and continue them between the wages seamen and flag at a greatly reduced cost to the Government. He estimates that the first year the Government would have to expend $2,000,000, and that, with a maximum reserve of 15,000 men, paid $20 a month us reservists by the Gov- ernment, the total annual cost to the Government for wages would be not more than $6,000,000. O'Connor’s suggestion for a merchant marine reserve do not indicate just what services would be called for by the Government from the reservists. It is presumed, however, that they would be subject to call to service in case of emergency. “emergency.” the World War, the Gov ernment called into the service mil lions of men, and it could, of course, do the same hing again. whether they were members of a reserve organiza tion or mot. In the case of the mer- chant marine reserve, however, the men would be trained to render val uable service quickly The attitude taken by organized labor toward the proposal of Chairman O'Connor will be of interest. e House painters recetve $10 a day. Thousands of artists receive much less, if anything at all. The age is practical and scales of compensation are adjusted strictly by utilitarian standards. r—————— There many candidates in Germeny; so many, in fact, that the voters gave up the task of studying their records and decided to concen- trate on a well established reputation. —————— Germany may not feel absolutely clear as to where she is going, but she knows that she needs leadership. And Hindenburg is a leader. s Park Trash. Washingtonians and strangers ‘are asked by the director of public build- ings to do their part toward keeping the parks clean. They are asked not to scatter trash. Col. Sherrill says: “Nothing is so detri- mental to the attractiveness of the parks as this scatterin€ of news- papers over the lawns, and notwith- standing the greatest vigilance on the part of the maintenance force it is impossible to prevent unsightiiness unless the public fully co-operates.” Park police have been authorized to hand to park patrons cards 6n which is printed: “These are your parks. Help keep them clean. Place all waste paper and other trash in the receptacles. Do not leave food or other picnic waste on the ground. Your co-operation in this matter will keep this park beautiful.” Progress has been made against the trash habit in park and street, but the goal of neatness has not been reached. A few yvears ago It seemed to be thought the normal thing to throw away newspapers, banana skins, apple cores, peanut shells and waste paper wherever and whenever one wished, but a long campaign of education against this habit, the plac- ing of trash cans in parks and streets, were and grounds $8RLNLIDE Qistrict-in -Astoria, whichJs-and signs giving lessons as to how behind | Sentries wilb have to be | in overseas trade under the American | The published reports of Chairman | [ During the last | rubbish should be disposed of, have reformed many offenders and stimu lated habits of order in-many per- sons. There remains a horde of peo- i€ who defy the trash receiver and will let newspapers and fruit skins fall where they will. The site of a picnic party in a park is marked by trash. A man will rest on a park bench a few minutes and leave Dbehind him a crumpled news- paper, apple parings, peanut shells and a paper bag. A young man and his girl sft on the grass in the shade of an old maple tree to enjoy the park for 10 minutés and they will leave at their resting place a paste- board box that held eandy, a quantity of oiled paper in which sandwiches were wrapped, fragments of the sand. wiches and two paper cups. Clean- up squads ave kept busy raking up rubbish which people leave behind them, and which, without effort, they could have carried to the nearest trash can It is not likely that the director of public bufldings and grounds and the park police’ will be able ‘to edu cate all people up to habits of cleanli ness and order, but by persistence they may reclaim a large number of the sinne S Hint From Rio. hints from Latin order and while the subject housing, promoted Ly uppermost the mind of the community, attention may be called to a pertinent sugges tion from Rio: “In 1911 legislation was enacted for the construction of cheap homes for workingmen in Rio de Janeiro. Properly authorized companies granted the privilege of free entry of all material except lumber for such houses and exemption from all govern- ment taxes is also granted. The con- struction of the houses must be ap proved by the government, which also limits the amount of rent to be charged as well the amount at which the house can be sold. The act grants available land for the purpose which the federal gov ernment and is not required for other purposes,” This hint cannot, of course, be util ized here in precise detail, but the general thought is stimulating. ——— Another While Ameri municipal L are in of cheap the government, is in are as is owned by Washington traffic authorities can not hope to return to the time when the chief menace on the thorough fares was the man with a trotting horse or the boy with a bicycle. —————— French history rendered the word “communism” so odious that com paratively few people can understand effort to reintroduce it into af. fairs of state. any r——— Disarmament with reference to old war material does not necessarily im- ply helple . The modern inventor works with wonderful rapidity and !efficiency ment is concerned. Germany has at present no more to say than that she is more thoroughly disarmed than any other nation. S r—ee — monarchists may rizzled war slight Habitual ard the selection of & like Hindenburg Hohenzollern family ——— Germany has at least the pleasure of knowing that its position on the League of Nations' waiting list is at tracting attention. ———— for the re; veteran as a 10 the popularity of | the movies may be the fact that their | technique nece excludes audi- ble profanit rily —— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Absence. The country still is going Without a trace of fear I wonder how we get alon When (‘ongress isn't her Upon adjurnment, vears ago. We lef: the town and closed the show. But now we scarcely seem to know When Congress isn't here! strong, There isn't any flow of speech Persuasive or severe That serves our sentiments to reach When Congress isn't here. Of course we know we need the laws, The criticism and applause Ana yet in gratitude we pause When Congress isn't here! incentive. “Did you enter politics because you felt thal vour country needed you?" s T'm afraid,” said Senator Sorghum, “the main idea was that I was out of work and felt that T needed my coun- try.” Correct Prediction. Unto our prophets we will cling, Respecting what they say. The Summer styles were shown ere Spring Was clearly on the way. Jud Tunkins says the man who always looks out for number one is generally so small he needs a micro- scope to help him look. Supply and Demand. Supply and Demand Serve to heighten the gloom. There are always more Problems Than we can consume. Fickle. “The women decided the vote in Germany “That renders the situation uncer- tain,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Hin- denburg will find it difficult to decide whether the voters were in earnest or only coquetting.” Please Hurry! Oh, Salesman, I hate to disturb Your calm that is greatly admired, But my flivver’s out there on the curb And the parking time’s nearly ex- pired. “De benefit of religion,” said Uncle Eben, “ain’t dependin’ on argument ‘bout whut you gineter believe so much ‘as on decision 'bout how you gineter behave," Somebody was stealing the flowers along Our Street. In the evening half a dozen Hyacinths would proud- ly wave by the steps; in the morning six stalks would be all that was left of their beauty. Combined with these thefts there occurred an epidemic of boys cominx around selling blossoms. At first these sales were made In the afternoon, but later the lads showed up at 9 o'clock at night. When all the flowers in Bill Jones' front yard disappeared _overnight Jones got considerubly riled about it, prodded on by the lamentations of Mrs. Jones. 3 It had dawned upon the Joneses,| just as it was beginning to dawn upon the other property owners, that the boys were stealing the flowers| from one vard and selling them to such neighbors as did not have them. These youngsters did not live in the neighborhood, but came in frym o lying sections; in some instances (a3 it was proved later), from clenr across tewn, to ply their nefarious business. It seemed a very easy way to make money. You scouted down the s‘reet in the afternoon, getting the “lay of the land.” Mental notes wero made of such yards as had blooms. The bright Daffodils, the blue and pink Hyacinths and stately Tulips of vari- ous shades, attracted the eyes of boys with thieving propensities, Other boys, of course, paid no atteniion to them. Few boys do. When Jones finally got wise to what was going on he resolved to pu: a stop to the business. To say nothing of the thieving end of it, to find one’s blooms gone was literally neart rending. “I would have cut them myself, if I had known they w going to be stolen,” wailed Mrs. Jone & A" So Jones decided to“do something about it. The best thing he could think of was to call the police precinct station, and ask for a little help. Co-operation was cheerfully promised. “I'll have the man on the beat drop in to see you,” promised the man on the desk at the station house. Just about dusk the doorbell rang, and when Jones opened the door he found & blue-coated figure standing on the staps. “Come right i householder He explained wh | officer,” said the t had occurred, end- ing up h the words: “You know, after you have put a lot of time and money into flowers, you do not like to have somebody else come along and steal them from you.” " Officer Jack Smith agreed with Mr. Mo, .aly.” I like are ) ht to be somewhat hotly. s 9, they ought aid. “I know flowers myself.” stes the flowers, stopped,” said Jones. | 2 how you feel replied the offi- cer. ‘“And what more, it will be good for the boys. You know, here is ay 1 look at it: If you' catch a boy doin’ something like that, then you are doin’ the boy good. “You may be able to stop him be fore thinks stealing is easy, and tries to break into a house, or some- thing like that ““That’s so, »s. “But about these flowers, can't tell you what the boys looked like. because the last time they were here, 1 didn't realize they were taking the flowers.” “A boy of one of the neighbors told i ’ The National Academy of Sciences | held its annual meeting this week in its new bullding, dedicated one year lago. News columns have related the | general story of the-learned discus- |sions comprising the program, but | Who amongst the readers have been |able to appreciate the humiliating consciousness of a layman sitting under the impressive influence of one of the ultratechnical lectures and discovering that he no longer under- |stands plain English when it comes so simply from the lips of the mod- ern scientist? Higher mathematics and the phrase- ology of the laboratory there flit from tongue to tongue as glibly as does the vernacular of the street in the average group of men or women. Even the college gradvate of 20 or 30 vears past (unless he, too, is a disciple of higher learning or has kept up in science as thoroughly in base ball scores) finds it well to hold his counsel and look wise in silence while electrons are being an- alyzed and their angles of incidence and reflection and secondary off- shoots are being explained by win- «ners of the Nobel prize or other |marks of distinction. The doctors talk of chemical or spectroscopic in- dications of stars whose light has been traveling toward earth at a speed of 187,000 miles per second for millions of years and has just arrived. Then, with e§ual gravity, they listen to some vivisectionist telling of his | experiments with vitamins upon mice and guinea pigs. They discuss po- larization of sugar and the slides of the Culebra Cut. When the National Academy of Sciences was organized and incor- porated, in 1863, what did its learned men know about vitamins, or elec- trons, or the radio, or radfum, or the { influences of sun spots, or the weigh- |ing of stars, or taking the tempera- tures of unseen worlds? They had never seen a photograph of the heavens, nor conceived of the min- iature universe in each electron, with its central sun and its revolving lanets, relatively as far from their sun” as the earth is from Old Sol. ‘What did the incorporators of the National Academy of Sciences know of chemical warfare, with its poison gases capable of annihilating regi- [ments in a minute, or of airplanes which could span a continent be- tween dawn and dark, or of the syn- thetic coal tar dyes and explosives, or of nitrogenous fertilizer seized from passing breezes to enrich the fields of farmers and feed armies and nations? Yet because President Abraham Lincoln felt the need of exact science in defense of the Union, Congress turned aside from its enor- mous military problems long enough to incorporate 50 of the leading scholars of that day and constitute them “official scientific advisers of the Government.” Subsequently, the limit of 50 was removed by Congress so that the membership has about doubled. But to be chosen as worthy. of belonging. to the National Academy of Sciences is recognized as equivalent to mem- bership in the Academy of France or the Royal Socfety of England and is the highest mark of distinction in learning possible in America. * K ox % i | | | There were scientists connected with the Government prior to the formation of the National Academy. The idea of the usefulness of science in Government affairs was prominent in the minds of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, although practical science had not developed in their days into the importance it ranks today. In 1851 Prof. Alexander Dallas Bache, ~retiring. president of. the American Association for the *Ad- vancement of Science, in his farewell address "to that organization, said: “I would throw out for your con- sideration some reasons which induce { ward me to believe that an institution of science, supplementary to. existing ones, Is much needed in our country. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. me that last night two boys who do not live around here stole all the Daffodils out of the yard, and sold them to some friends of theirs around in the next block. T'll catch 'em,” said Officer Smith. * ok ox % It was dark when the officer got out on the street from his interview with Mr. Jone: Down at the corner a street lamp shone brightly. Smith strode along, keeping a wary eye out for offenders, and just as he rounded the corner, whom should he see mounting the steps of a house but two boys! Each boy held in his left hand sev- eral huge bunches of daffodils, the flowers making yellow splotches even in the night, xo golden was their hue. Officer Smith whistled to himself. an right into ‘'em!” he murmured. Quickening his pace, he mounted the three steps leading from the sidewalk; and was almost on the stoop before the boys = him. “Be~t it!" yelled the larger boy. Jumpl..g off the steps and making off around the side of the house. “Stop!" called the officer, pretending as if he would draw his revolver. In the meantime he had collared the boy who seemed too confused to run. “Stop, or I'll_shoot,” cried Smith, attempting to bluff the running boy. But evidently the youth was an old offender. He knew that a ‘cop” would not, shodt a boy. The flowers tightly clutched fn his hand, he dis appeared up the street “Well, 1 got you, anyway, Sonny,” said Officer Smith. “Now you come along with me.” ‘When Mr. Jones opened his front door, in answer to a ring, he saw the following picture: A blue-clad figure, holding tight to the right arm of a bare-headed boy of about 14 years of age, who had several bright flowers in his left hand. “Did you ever see this boy?” asked the officer. “No,” replied Jones. *x x % “Sonny, where did you get those flowers?” then asked the policeman, as the glow of a table lamp bathed the trio. “I got 'em in our back yard,” said the boy, looking down. “Sonny, tell me the truth.” “I swear—I got them in our back vard.” onny,” said Officer Smith, “we're going around to vour back yard, and if you haven't got any flowers, you know what s going to happen to you." The boy began to blubber. Sup- pressed sobs shook his shoulders, “What's the matter with snapped Officer Smith. “Nu-nu-nuthin’, " sobbed the youth. here did_ you get those flowers, Sonny?" prodded the policeman. “Jimmy give ‘em to me—he said if I would sell ‘em for 25 cents apiece, he Wwould glve me 10 cents—and— and—"" “Poor boy,” chimed in Mrs. Jones, who had been standing behind a cur- tain “Now you keep out of this,” said Jones. “Maybe he is still lying.” “I'll take him around and see what his mother has to say,” said Officer Smith. “Come along, Sonny.” “Poor boy,” said Mrs. Jones, when the two had gone. “Served him right,” sald Jones. _“And, besides, maybe it will make him see the light before it is too late Say, that was quick work by the of- ficer, wasn't it?" u —_—— BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. . COLLINS. to guide public action in reference to scientific matters. * = The men of science, who are at the seat of Government either constantly or temporarily, are too much occupied in the special work which belongs to their official occupations to answer such a purpose; besides, the addi- tional responsibility, which, if th were called together, they must necessarily bear, would prove too great a burthen, considering the fervid zeal, and I might almost say flerceness, with which guestions of interest are pursued and the very extraordinary means resorted to to bring about a successful conclusion. “Our country is making such rapid progress in materfal improvements that it is impossible for elther the legislative or executive departments of our Government to avoid, inci dentally, if not directly, being involved in the decision of such questions. Without specification it is easy to see that there are few applications of science which do not bear on the in- terests of commerce and navigation, naval or military concerns, the cus toms, the lighthouses, public lands, post offices and post roads, either di- rectly or remotely. If all examination refused, the good. is confounded with the bad and the Government may lose a most important advantage. 1f a decision is left to influence or to important knowledge, the worst consequences follow.’ * Xk X X The argument for the close rela- tionship of science to Government has never been more clearly stated than Prof. Bache put it as above quoted. Yet it was 12 years after- (and then only through the stress of war) that action was taken along the lines he presented. His position was indorsed by other scientists—notably Joseph Henry Louis Agassiz, Dr. George W. Hill and Admiral Davis. On February 11, 1863, Gldeon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, appointed a “permanent commission,” conisisting of Alexan- der Dallas Bache, superintendent of the Coast Survey; Joseph Henry, secretary of thé Smithsonian Insti- tution, and Rear Admiral Charles H. Davis, chief of the Bureau of Navi- gation, to report on “matters of science and art.” These members ‘were empowered to add to their num- ber to aid in their investigations. From this commission grew the plans when, within a few weeks, de- veloped into the incorporated Na- tional Academy of Sciences, through an act of Congress, introduced by Senator Wilson of Massachusetts. Prof. Bache was the first president of the National Academy and Joseph Henry the second. Many important scientific expedi- tions have been conducted under the direction of the academy, resulting in observations of eclipses and other astronomical researches; also in archeology, geology, polar discovery, coast and geodetic survey, on the protection of mines from explosion, on the study of landslides of the Panama Canal. Also, research has been made in medicine and public hygiene, weights and mensures, cn polarized light for testing sugars. For the Navy, committees have studied magnetic deviation in fron ships, the wind and current charts of the oceans, the transit of Venus. For the State Department, investigations have been made to prevent deteriora- tion of the original parchment of the l?ecllr&llon of Independence. AR Several bequests have been made by lovers of science, from which the academy has befn enabled to give medals to distingulshed discoverers or students of sclence, whether Americans or foreigners. Since 1899, the academy has been associated with scientific academies of Europe and America for the interchange of scientific knowledge. The Interna- tional Association of Academies meets annually, in dll::r:ln: countries, with delegates from edch nation. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul Y, Coltine.) .0\ 2 BY LEILA MECHLIN. On May 1 of this year will be cele- brated the 100th anniversary of the birth of George Inness, who is commonly called the father of Amer fcan landscape painting. Certainly Inness was the first of our American painters to regard landscape painting as interpretive. Hs belonged right- fully to the so-called Hudson Kiver school, but he had a larger concep- tion of art than his forerunners, and he led the way to larger accomp ment. His boyhood was passed in Newark, N. J. Had his health been £00d he would probably have entered a mercantile carcer. As it was not, he was forced into comparative idle- ness and obliged to spend much of his time out of doors. When he was 14 he began drawing and later had some lessons from a French artist, who had practically no other claim to fame. He was, in fact, chiefly self. taught, instinctively a painter. In 1847 he went to Burope, stopped in London and passed 15 months in Rome. From there he returned home, but oniy to g0 back to Burope shortly. On this second trip he stayed in Paris and it was then. undoubtedly, that he came under the influence of the Barbizon painters. This influence was mingled with the classical, and in time domi nated by the painter's own individual ity. One of the pictures of Inness’ early classical period is to be found in the Phillips Memorial Gallery, a beautiful work, vieing with the nt ings of Wilson and Constable for beauty of composition, loveliness of color and skill of execution s Regarding Daingerfield, his early work Eiliott in his excellent book on George Inness, says: “The effort and intent were for objective He knew, and every day’s work re. veals it, that in this way only could he lay the foundations of knowledge 0 deep that they would be perm: nent; build them so high that there could, afterwards, be no stumbling blocks. To rid himself of the neces sity of objective thought by com manding it, to make the fingers the servants of the mind, the mind an inexhaustible storehouse—this was his struggle. No one but the painter him- self, perhaps, knows the enormous mount of labor involved in such a conquest. None but a sensitive artist can understand the weariness of such a struggle—the true nature of a pris- oner, unable to give vent to an emo- tion—yet it is through this very trial that great work grows. The thing in art which is done with the easy flip pancy of egotistic conviction is seldom of permanent value, and skill alone will never lead one into the well springs of beauty.” Inness himself said, the late | samuel Isham tells us in his “‘History {of American Painting”: “The pur- pose of the painter is simply to re produce in other minds the impres sion which a scene has made upon Lim. A work of art does not appeai to the intellect. It does not appeal to the moral sense. Its aim is not to instruct, not to edify, but to awak- en an emotion. * * It must be a single emotion if the work has unity, as every such work should have, and the true beauty of the work consists in the beauty of the senti- ment or emotion which it inspires Its real greatness consists in the quality and force of this emotion Details in‘ the picture must be elab- orated only enoush fully to reproduce | the impression which the artist wish es to reproduce. When more than this is done, the impression is weak ened or lost, and we see simply an array of external things which may be very cleverly painted, and may look very real, but which do not make an artistic painting. The effort and difficulty of an artist are to combine the two, namely, to make the thought clear and to preserve the unity of impression. Meissonier always makes his thought clear. he is most pains. | taking in his details; Corot, on the contrary, is to some minds lacking in objective force * * * but Co- rot's art is higher than Meissonier’ * o % % Inness’ art was by no means acci dental. He was, as has been said be fore, a hard student, and he built his pletures upon well grounded theories | For instance, this was the law of composition he laid down for himself and followed relentlessly: “From the horizon (not the skvline) to the near- est point—the bottom of the canvas— there shall be three great planes; the first two shall be foreground, the third or last shall contain all the dis- tance. The subject matter must not be within the first plane, but behind it. and whatever reaches above the horizon line, by its size and propor- i tion becomes subject matter—there- | fore trees that find their plane within | the first great section are too near, | ana perforce must be cut off at the | base to force them : figure, wherever placed, reach above the horizon comes subject matter and a figure picture.” P | must not else it be- therefore The quality of courage in Innes work was very dominant. He was absolutely feariess, and however near finished his canvases were, he would face any risk rather than leave them, as he considered, incomplete or un worthy. “The work must be finished as a whole, not as a part; it must be as complete as a portrait by Rem- brandt,” he would say, and if at the last moment he discovered a weak ness or hitch or falsely adjusted prin- ciple, he would herofcally recast the whole—to re-emerge, after great la- | bor, the conqueror. But sometimes the result was not successful. It is said that Inness painted out more pictures than many men ever | painted in. Interesting stories are told of his pictures which disappeared one beneath another, because they did not exactly suit him, or because he was in need of a canvas on which to portray a theme at that time upper- most in his mind. A story is told of a gentleman who purchased a painting by Inness at an exhibition of the National Academy of Design—a delicate Spring land- scape with cows grazing on the broad meadows. The purchaser later brought it to Mr. Inness with the re- quest that he sharpen the drawing of the cows. Elliott Daingerfleld, relat- ing this incident, says: “I saw the picture in his studio in the morning and admired it greatly. About 8 o'clock that afternoon he knocked loudly at my studio door; and I opened it to find him much excited, his eyes aflame and hair wild, but a happy, ex- ultant look upon his face. ‘I've got it” he sald, ‘finest thing I have ever done. 1 followed my principle from beginning to end; now all I've got to do is to go ahead and paint every- thing the same way.' I went into his studio, and saw a startling sunset over a much-torn, surf-broken ocean. Two black rocks were in the fore. ground, over which the sea pounded with the fury of hate, and a sky of purple, where gold-lined clouds were faintly aflame. I caught my breath with a gasp, the thing was so power- ful. Then Inness slyly, and with a twinkle in his eves, said: ‘I guess I touched up his cows for him.' " Need- less to say, the owner of the cows was not pleased, but he was afterward rought to reason” after quieted, at least. Probably he never again asked an artist to improve a finished paint- ing. This courage with Inness, however, aid not merely take the form of de. stroying; he wanted to know the se- crets of all, and to arrive as near as possible at perfection. W X ¥ ¥ The National Gallery of Art in this clty is fortunate in owning several ex- amples of Inness' work, very charac- teristic eshatpise, ":l'Pgor'inAtlnce. “Sundown,” ‘“‘Geor; nes,” ‘‘Niag- ara,” and “September Afternoon. the “Niagara” 18 unusual; it is such in realization. | So, too, a | Q. How are traffic policemen paid at corners like Fourteenth street and Pennsylvania avenue, where car tracks cross?” = W A. The Police Department says that traffic policemen at intersections of streets, where atreet car tracks cross, are paid by the street railway com: pany in the following manner: The companies put so much money In the United States Treasury in a miscel- laneous trust fund. The District pays the officials with this fund. Q. What kind of Rupervision or help is it that give Liberia’—E. F. H A. The United States has assisted in the bilization of the finances of Liberia and maintains control of cus. toms through a general recefver and financial adviser designated by United States Government Q. In what court should I apply to ave my first name changed from Ronald to Richard?—R. J. R. A. It would not be necessary to have a court order to change the first or given name of a person. If the offictally, application should be made to the Supreme Court of the District. Q. What receive? E. A. It would be impossible to make any definite statement, as the fee that singers earn depend entirely upc the company by which they are en gaged, their eminence in the music world, and the type of work they do. Salaries range from $25 to $2,500 a performance. salary do opera singers Q. What was the origin of the vers “Drink to me only with thine eyes, ete.” W. C. A. The stanza to which is from Ben Johnson's However, in one of the letters of Phil- ostratus ' the following is foun “Drink to me with your eves alone, and if you will, take the cup to your lips @nd flll it with kisses, and give it so to me.” vou_refer To Ce Q. Shouldn't the about Washington, in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen,” read “fellow instead of “countrymen”?—A. C A. The resolution offered in House of Representatives on the occa sion of Washington's death conta the sentence, “to the memory , first in war, first in peace, the hearts of hia fellow citi- The s were prepared ¥ Col. Henry Lee, who delivered the eulogy a week later. Lee's “Memoirs of the War of the Revolution” gives he expression as “‘countrymen, rather than “fellow citizens.” Q. Does an hourglass mark time with absolute accuracy’—T. § A. The hourglass is always subject ight error in its indication of time, due to the expansion and contraction resolutic the Deplored b Memories of war and the Kaiser are uppermost in the minds of Ameri- cans as they wonder what the election {of Von Hindenburg President of the German ‘republic means to the world. A general feeling that Ger- many has turned back the clock with a challenging menace is apparent, al though some newspapers see chiefly a tribute to a national hero, and others acclaim the old field marshal’s success as a blow to radicalism. “The election of Hindenburg as President unfortunate for ( many,” says the Cincinnati Times Star, “as you judge a man somewhat by the clothes he wears, so you judge a nation by the kind of man it elects as President. Hindenburg is a mili tarist. He represents Germany's im- perial past. But Hindenburg will have to deal with Germany's present. Germany requires credit with more ! credit and still more credit. And that | credit would be extended to a Germany presided over by a saddler far more generously than to a Germany pre- sided over by a great soldier. The election of Hindenburg was chauvin- ism and chauvinism in Germany will breed chauvinism in the countries to which a militaristic Germany would be a very real menace.” Dreams of the junkers and archists for a war of revenge are suggested by the Seattle Times. ‘“The election of Hindenburg,” the. Times declares, “tends to support tention of French statesmen that | Germany has by no means abandoned militarism.” “The choice can only mean a desire on the part of the German people to turn the clock back,” says the Chi- cago Tribune, while the Duluth Herald observes that “a czar or a Hohen- zollern would be &s fitting that stalwart old monarchist, with his completely military ideals, his tin hat and his mi jowf” The New York Evening Post thinks “there is no denying that the German people have thrown away an opportunity of showing that they have turned their backs upon the old order.” * * X % “To say that it will invite sus picion of all policies of the new gov ernment at Berlin is only to recog nize the obvious,” remarks the Phil- adelphia Bulletin. In the same vein the Denver Post says, “There is no doubt that the net result of Ger- many’s choice has been to convert the nation again in the eyes of the orld into a menace.” Even stronger the suggestion of the New York Evening World that Wilhelm's “hum- ble servant” and Von Tirpitz's col- league has been made the symbol of present-day Germany, with all that means. “Not since the adoption of ruthless submarine warfare, which Hindenburg _urged, the Evenin mo an interpretation as Twachtmann might have made, essentially impres- sionistic, interpreting the “little loveli- ness” in these majestic falls rather than, as Church painted them, in m: jestic bigness. The Corcoran Galler owns his “Sunset in the Woods.” painted in 1880. Of this painting In- ness himself wrote in 1891: “The ma- terial for my picture was taken from a sketch made near Hastings, West- chester County, N. Y., 20 years ago. This picture was commenced 7 years ago, but until last Winter I had not obtained any idea commensurate with the impression received on the spot. The idea is to represent an ef- fect of light in the woods toward sun- down, but to allow the imagination to predominate.” It was this desire to appeal to the imagination that dis- tinguished Inness’ landscape paintings from those of the majority of his con- freres. “Winter Morning—Montclair,” painted in 1882, owned at one time by Mr. Glover, president of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, and shown in the gal- lery from time to time as a loan, evi- dences to Inness’ right to be classed among modern painters. This picture is painted with all the force and fresh- ness and virility of the so-called plein- air school—those men who opened the windows of light and interpreted na- ture with convincing veracity. At Tarpon Springs, Fla., where George Inness had a Winter home and where his son, George Inhess, jr., now spends the cold months, a memorial is being dedicated at this time—a hall wherein exhibitions may be held and music given. To George owe much, and it would be well if all over this broad land, particularly in our great' public schools, homage should be paid To his memory at this time. the | whole name 8 desired to be changed | the con- | Inness we | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN of the glass and to the variations dryness in the sand. Q. When were bicycle sulkevs first used for racing horses?—W. W. A. The bicycle rulkey was g'ven { first public trial in a race in Ma 1892, at Worcester, Ma Q. How many letters or characters were there in the Egyptian hier glyphic alphabet?—W. & A. Asarranged by moder there are 24 Egyptian hieroglyphs. alph Judge Swavne's a achment proceeds Q. Who v ney in the ir |=T.1. E claware wa in ings of 1905 Anthor Judge b Q. Cc of the Uni Lawrence Ri | A. Under |ton, May 8, -~ that “navigation of the Law ascending or descending, from the 45t parailel of nc \de, shall f ever remain free open for th | purpose of commerce 1o citizens of tie United_State for tha Lake Michigan inclosed er tirely by territory ¢ ted States | was made free to Briti exclude es from N -d ver? the turn wide 1 Q. 1ow | and’ shoes | “A. The Departr | s that Amer » finding markets 100 countries of the markets taking the large are Cuba, Mexic Canad: British West Indies, F Africa, Ttaly, Great B Central American countries Q. Who started the Huguenr ‘Walloon celebration?—H. G. G A. The Huguenot-Walloon terc tenary was instituted by the Feders Council of Churches of Christ ir America for the celebration 300th anniversary of the settling New Netherlands of Walloons is, French and Belgian Huguenots, b the Dutch West Indian Co. in 1624 that D Q. Why is it in Spain t wooden stoppers | wrapped in line A. In Spain oil comes in immedintely linen W that the « it {askin? He 0 things that peop (Have you asked not know all the ask him, but he knows people do know. Try State your quc tion briefly, write plainly and in 2 cents in stamps for return postage Address Frederic J. Haskin, t directo The Star Information Bureau, Twenty first and C streets northwest.) Election of Hindenburg y U. S. Editors | World adds, as Germar challenged the outside world “From the general European of view.” in the opinion of the I |anapolis News, “it nf tunate that former Hindenburg should have been electe President of the German republi That there will be apprehen certain. Hindenburg is av. | imperalist. He is precisel. {of man that should not {elected.” While « so b is feld Marshal most regar v, the remarks, rero worship undout he prominent p nominated, must ation of defeat 2ht tens of thous Desert News “Sentime mingled with played Hindenb saved the h psychology of votes. “The da to Germany,” the Baltimore Evening Sun, so much w Hindenburg as w he will permit to be do in his name.” The Evening Sun cor | siders it “fairly safe to assume th | the masses of the voters were {So much inspired by the monarct |ideal as they were by the ve ‘n(.tural desire to honor one who ha {come to be onal hero.” | The Detroit News i phatic calling it a mistal leap to ‘lusion that Germany wants mo |archy and a still greater mistake suppose that she wants Wilhelr Before getting excited about S {day's election,” this paper adds {us wait and_see what happer |* * ¢ The talk of a war of revens s sheer nonsense. * * * The ele. | tion is nothing to get excited abo but it will be interesting to see wl follows brot thi; ig will ¢ * * The New York Sun doubts that t marshal will undertake any radics | measures or try to overturn the r | public. “Hindenburg has alwayx shown himself a man of good sense the Sun observes. A similar thoug | that there is no occasion to t: special alarm at what has happened |is offered by the Des Moines Tribune News, which continues: “Von denburg is far a superlor mar | many who are in power in The world has f: to fea |him.” The Hartford Courant, a | minimized the danger with the co ment: _“There are those who believ | that Von Hindenburg, man and one of the very the only one, of the erals to keep any popularity after the war echoes had died down a bit, w become a staid and v President.” The St patch further holds that Von Hir denburg “is_entitled to demonstra his fitness for capably and trust worthily administering the dutles the office of President of the republi or the signs all point to troubled day < for Germany. ible rebuke for radicals seen by the Birmingham Ne which finds that “it Is conceivah that this latest gesture of the cle torate is a sort of protest agains the various forms of socialistic nos trums on which Germany has be dosed since the armistice.” The Hous ton Chronicle even more defin interprets the matter in that t when it says: “Not only is the eloc tion @ blow to the radicals in G many, but the reaction will be againsi them ‘all over Europe.” In this cor nection the Chronicle predicts a swins in France, England, Italy and ! smaller states to the east The Omaha World-Herald nizes that Von Hindenburg great hero in the eyes of the mult tude, and that in the welter of elc ments siruggling for the signal come back of Germany he appears the strong figure of dependable and d termined government.” The impo tance of this influence is emphasized by the Portland Journal thus: “The weal or woe of Europe depends upon one powerful man. The immensity of his following may reflect a sentiment for the return to the monarchy. It certainly evidences the popularity of Hindenburg, which in turn suggests his power for a leadership of peace or_a leadership for trouble.” The Brooklyn Eagle takes an op timistic_view, concluding its estimate of the President-elect: “Having won. the old soldier will doubtless devotc all his strength to the task of im proving._ the position of his country. That this can best be done by uphold ing the republic and making ‘a real effort to meet’ Germany’s obligations he doubtless knows, Louis_Post-Dis recog “4s #