Evening Star Newspaper, April 12, 1925, Page 63

has been tions could rely luctant sigh, air of Pe would be mere! at any but above all ho is the puppet of last fact shows the reason of his consideration for Lu Yung-hsiang and Sun Yat-sen, allies of Chang Tso-lin the well known September cam- Shanghai. the leaders were paign for how it was that al willing to “suppor lesser lights, appointees of Wu Pei- hurriedly fell into line, that their one idea in life was to end the fighting they had so enthusiasti- cally begun, and speedy acquiescence to be able to re- their posts, or, their skins. Treachery of Gen. Gen. Feng, the Christian general, is responsible Tuan being head of the government; id to be recelving his ing from Chang Tso-lin, and it is alleged that Feng himself was bought by Mukden gold. supposedly under Wu ordered to the front with hi to oppose Chang Tso-lin's advance on Peking from Manchuria at the same time that Wu left Peking on what wasplanned a triumphal journey—the train being spectally made up for the pur- pose, with cars reserved for news- paper men. It might such, in spite of the fact that Chang had been fairly successful up to that moment, had not Wu staggering blow from behind. instead of joining him for quietly turned back cupied the city; forced Tsao Kun to sign as President; cut off all com- and became all-powerful although he is s financial bac muniecation for his little moment however, that he enough to maintain what he had won. handed all the fruits of his treachery to Chang Tso-lin by sking his man, Tuan Chi-jui, to as- sume control of the government. Tsao Kun was kept a prisoner in Wu fled with what troops he had left on what ships he had left. Feng and His Resignations. As soon as Tuan accepted the call his resigna- tion and asked permission to travel cbroad. He was feeling the danger the bitter hatred of those he had betrayed, and the distrust of those whom he had profited. 100, his resignation was calculated to impress every one with his sincerity and absence of ulterior motive. no one took him seriously, nor credit- him with personal disinterested- ress. Once before, the height of his power and influence, sent in an “untimely resigna- which was considered to hav ought about the flight of President and the coup d'etat So he virtually have been handled, fived, Feng : BY ELIZABETH HEMPSTONE, OW, China, March 13. HE history of China is contained in the biog- | raphy of her great perhaps it would be safer say, in the biography men who for their held the high posts. may be questioned, but their power unquestionable. At the present moment the country men, each maintain a semblance of order own section of the HAN controlled by have been long' in and who are well advanced in years. the kaleidoscopic events of the past few months no new lights appear is the same old color scheme converted a twist of fate into a different pic- ture. om taint Faithtal Support Doubted. If Tuan were given hearted support that he was promised, his task, though cast simple of line. are several other military leaders who have ambitions of their own, and who support Tuan for the moment because pleases them to do so. ¥ a temporary compromise, and moment one of those popular military stunts known as a coup d'etat may be staged, and we shall then be treated once headlines in the daily papers. Tuan has been more or less in the public eye since 1906. the same province as Gen. which gives them a tie in common; he was a director of the military school which graduated Wu Plei-fu, explains the latter's addressing him “dear teacher,” and hi (however reluctant and involuntary) to laying aside for awhile his schem- ing and intriguing; he ward the notorious was at one time his private secretary and beyond evervthing man nominally be power, to Tientsin, of that year. So Feng's resignations were refus- ~d three or four times, and he With- drew to the western hills near Peking o see what would happen next. rumors that he was dis- satisfied with the way things were being and was plotting_another ‘oup d’etat, with Karahkan, the Soviet Ambassador, and ex-President Sun Yat- Sem, the South China bolshevist, very reeently deceased. The Uncrowned King of Manchuria. Chang Tso-lin, ord, scored practically every point in this most recent war game. «lared long-before any guns had been that he was going Military Dictators and Puppet Pres- idents—Kaleidoscopic Shifting of Pre- carious Power—War Lords Now Dom- inating: Chang Tso-lin, Uncrowned King of Manchuria; So-Called Chris- tian Gen. Feng, and Tuan Chi-jui, Able and Patriotic, Made President by Guns and Gold of Cbang and Tfeachcry of | no educ; little time Their greatness | 1osing power in his When the next turn will come no one knows. Tuan Chi-jui is the present head of the present government praise should be given who, when chosen, had served his coun- long and ably, and asked nothing more than peaceful few remaining years of his life. probably th freedom to the man seclusion for s very intrigue and personal ambition, which proclaimed him the one man upon whom all fac- He was deluged by telegrams from all over the country promising him support take up the reins of government. The old patriot hesitated: then, with a re- left his quiet Tientsin | zarden for the dust-filled, plot-filled £; to undertake the most stupendous work of the present age— unification and rehabilitation of China. cation, little mone. the pl. he thought it would be impossible more to He was born s friendly to- le Hsu,” who hoping by have proved been dealt to Peking; Feng sent solutely in control of the military, the present successful group com- prising Tuan Chi-je! utive; Chang Tso-! the Mukden war Tuan is President (by invitation if not election) and Chang has secured the political if not the physical head: of Tsao Kun and Wu P'el-fu. Chang, call Marichuria sense.” He is reported to have an ad- the | Viser—an American of the name of Baker. It would be interesting to| know just how much of his success i due to this man. Chang stands | well with the Japanese, on whose side he fought in the Russo-Japanese war. Not yet 50 years of age, he has risen from the position of bandit | iving to | chief to the unchallenged vuler of his | Manchuria, and, at the present mo- ment, the most influential man in China. Having settled things as he wished, he has returned to Man- churia, wisely tak stronghold Rise and Fall of Wu. Meanwhile, Wu Pei-fu, the victor over Chang in 1922—the vanquished in 1924, is maintaining a significant silence. Of the crushing defeat of this powerful man there can be no doubt But in China, truly, a_man may be down, but never out. Wu, after the first bitterness of betrayal, had a dream of setting up a rival capital in' Wuchang. At first, the Yangtse Tuchuns seemed to favor him (they were all his men) but public opinion was too strongly evident, and they saw that the merchants, who must pay the bills for everything, had been too thoroughly bled. They could not, and would not, support another revo- lution—or counter revolution. Wu, in and up to September, 1924, was the fron man of China. With a fair edu- and no particu- lar influence, he worked his way up- ward—gaining military prestige, im- mense wealth, supreme power. He wanted more—more of everything. So he deliberately began, through his man Chi, the war to acquire Shanghai, and Chekiang (an independent province). He callously chose as the time to launch his drive, the moment when ins of Chihli were flooded, and for his enemy Chang to unite with his foes. Such hard-heartedness is difficult of comprehension, but while tae country was endeavoring to raise millions of dollars for the relief of the famine-stricken, plague-swept victims of the yellow tides, he was plotting to profit by those very waters; to spend more money than it would have taken to alleviate the suffering that was, in causing more misery and death with gunpowder and cannon ball. There can be little real sympathy for Wu, the ex-President, who bought his way into that office. Yet there is always something sad in broken strength. There is no doubt that Wu's lust for power has turned to a morose brooding for re- venge, which bodes no good for China. He is at present supposed to be some- where on the Yangtse in with a few loyal troops. It is said that he is drinking heavily, and is subject to mental disorders. Yet the intermina- ble scheming is going on, and he is hoping to be able to unite with some generals on the upper Yangtse. He has been offered, it is said, $100,000 to take a trip abroad. hi, or Tsao Kun, gunboat, Degeneracy of Sun Yat-Sen. One of the most surprising things in the recent turn of events was the rise of Sun Yat-sen to a place of im- portance. He had made such a mess of things in Canton that the people were getting together to drive him out. When he found his power slip- ping from his grasp he began to fill the air with cries against the for- elgners, and a bid for popularity through anti-Christian propaganda. Even this might not have helped him any had not the turn of the wheel put a friendly party in power in Peking. It was rumored not long ago that there was a plot on foot, in- spired by the Soviet, to make Sun the President of China. His enemies feared that his regime in Canton was typlcal of what his rule of China would be—a reign of terror and bolshevism at its bloodiest. With about 14,000 mercenary soldiers under him, he held Canton. He bled the merchants financially, broke all his promises, burned their stores and bled them physically. He claimed to be for the pecple, yet the people found no peace, no prosperity, no security under his jurisdiction. 1In the light of past performances, there could never have been any enthuslastic for- elgn support of nor confidence in Sun Yat-sen. Yet he was invited to take part In the reconstructive conference in Peking, and was in that city when he died. In the beginning of the republic the “father of the revolution” and the trusted first provisional president, he degenerated and in the end died the broken tool of the Soviet government. Sorrows of T Poor old Tuan Chi-jui! It can bg seen that his task s not an easy one—with all these personalities to weld into a great common ambition— the reunification of China. Add to the individual selfishness of the leadens the large number of soldiers under arms (roughly estimated at 1,500,000, who must be disbanded and given some employment to keep them from “taking to the hills” or turning bandit; the absence of communica- tions, all the railroads suffering from lack of cars confiscated and ruined by the military, or congested with cars used as barracks for. soldiers, completely blocking the lines; the financing of a government, and the enforcement of his mandates without any army that he can really call his: own. Generals Now in Control. To summarize, the country is ab. the chief exec- n, his “angel”; Feng Yu-hsiang, the Christian gen- eral, whose ‘“coup” brought this party into power: Lu Yung-hsiang, the once defeated, now victorious con- tender for Shanghal The defeated generals are Tsao Kun, ex-president, now a_prisoner in Peking, held for trial; Wu Plei-fu, the ex-super war lord, now waiting an_“act of God” which might restore him to power, with his loyal troops living on gun- boats on the Yangtze; Chi Hsieh-Juan, Wu's man, the deposed and defeated tuchun of Kiangsu, now reported to be taking a hurried trip to Japan. Since 1911 these men have been all- powerful in different different - combinations; since 1920 their battling has racked their coun- try. And there is no permanent peace in sight, nor will there be, while militarism runs amuck. It is usually said that the Chinese are a naturally peaceful people. The great middle class, the backbone of Tuas Chi-jui President, and take the |every nation, is undoubtedly that of s beads of Tsao Kun -and Wu P'el-fu, the merchants, and it is- always the THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, 1925—PART 5. o Struggle For Sole Control of Chaotic China D. C, APRILC 12, CuANG TS0 LIN, Victorious war lord of the ‘“uncrowned King of is a man of little or tion, but of sound “horse ng no chances of FENG YU- HSIANG, Christian General who witiv Chuan. mvade TuAR presi Pei-fu, defeated wer-lord,ex-dicta- tor of China. DR ALFRED SZE, patriot, state; among the iuiel- lectudis” smaw, {in four or five diffe first to suffer by and banditry. corps for their protection mutilated by rialistic generalis to be the protector of the Sun Yat-sen, who, after giving th permission to purchase arms, con cated the entire shipment, sold them back to the merchants and and killed them when they tried to twice-paid-for The merchants do not want war, but they must have protection. Coolies Oppose War. The biggest, China is the coolie class, comprising RS X3 TsAo KU Wu's puppet/ president, wow in P risoxv. DR.V.K.WELLINGTON KOO, Statesnmar, conspictoits amon Chrinsesetin ing the largest anding army in the good Chinese tefiectua?s‘ dropped for five vears there would be | nothing left of the Chinesc the oficers.” and conscription so dreaded, it scems | If desertion is so active Yangtze, preferring a quick, choking | of bolshevism. death to the tortures Truly, the coolies do not want And Bolshevist prop- want war—and burden falls upon the all of whom seem to be general we were treated to a news item paper a few | School, Virginia, U. S. A, the gold Christianity vociferousiy China that many fear a move simi uprising _and which are meager living. throughout in our Hankow ago that there was danger of an in. vasion of Hupeh by a combination of three powerful generals in an upper not want war is clearly demonstrated by the fact that they had to be for- cibly and cruelly conscripted last skirmish. stories of class snould as we foreigners are considered, next to the military intelligentsia are the {greatest menace to their country. educated beyond portunities for emplo become idle people they who tried to help them. and college! but they incite to revolution and seek helpless boy their families gang"—sometimes killed when being torn [the half-baked the generals | could not agree whether to and invade Hupeh, or whether the two | most friendly third, whom they did not like. The soldiers could be allowed to dis- band gradually laboring class. Aristocrats of Canine Circles Here Attract Much Attention ED by the first dogs of the land, the proud four-footed pets of the White House, Rob Roy and Paul a group of notable dogs, leaders of official, diplomatic and resident ociety, forms the canine aristocracy Capital and attracts much admiration as the animals stroll forth on leashes for their daily walks in the parks and avenues of Washington. Rob Roy would rank first, and prob- ably be the proudest dog in Washington, even if he wers not one of the Executive Mansion celebrities. He is a very beau- tiful white collie, with a nobly shaped head and most kindly expression. do not object to ment and they groups with ropes around them. who have ke an entire boatload of these ot their country in . but the generals. the tremendous Dealing with of disband- into the evil, waters of the are the breeding places The prime need Other members of the diplomatic cor| who have dogs are the secretary of the Rumanian legation and Mme. Nano, who have a Cocker Spaniel, just six months old, Mme. Nano having brought the lit- tle animal from England a few months ago. It is a black pup, playful and in- And then there is Senor Don Mariano de Amoedo y Garlarmendi, sec- ond secretary of the Spanish embas: who is devoted to Bou-Boul, his English sheep dog, presented to him by one of his American dog of very striking appearance. most remarkable dogs is Napoleon, wanderer, and, when he thinks it is time for an airplane to be arriving at the station, he sets out alone, at ay smart pace, from the Moffett home on | Massachusetts avenue near Twentieth street northwest, station, several miles away. The chief of staff, Army, Maj. Gen. John L. Hin an interesting dog, an English wire- haired terrier, brought from England shortly after the World War by the The dog was given the name ability at and Boxer was for- One of the in Washington ator dog of Rear Admiral William A. Moffett, chief of the Bureau of Naval Aeronautics, who, true to the of his master, is very fond of * and frequently of the National |promised results of this apparatus. ho 3 ttends the aviators on their trips frbm the-naval air sta- Early Aeronau inception of the idea of the balloon and the rigid airship has been awarded by at least one author- ity to Roger Bacon, opher (1214-1294), who seems to have Deen the first to realize the principles of aerostation as apart from aviation, says the National Aeronautic Associ- ation Review. He suggested “a large hollow globe filled with liquid fire' " tics in Europe. by four hollow Boxer, because of hi liking for fighting. merly owned by Anthony Drexel and is from the most famous kennels in His father won a blue rib- bon in a Boston dog show. Mrs. Hines also have an Irish terrier, Remus{ possessing a_very long and fine pedigree. Maj. Gen. and Mr: have with them now Ty Cobb, a bull- dog with gentle soul, who was the mascot of the Marine Corps during the World War, was the major general commandant Ty is 16 years old and rather infirm of body, but his soul is valiant still and he will not yield to the weaknesses of great age. other Barnett dog is Ding-How, a Pe- kingese who boasts of a vocabulary of one word and can say “out” in a real- Iy unmistakable manner when he is anxious for a stroli with his mistress. known bulldog copper vacuum balls, each 25 feet in diameter and 1-225 of an inch in thickness, thus affording a total ascensional force of about 2,650 pounds, of which some 1,620 pounds would be the weight of the copper leaving 1,030 pounds welght of the car, The difficulty was selected by the “handler Christy, to pose in the White House grounds with Mrs. Coolidge for English philos- the painting presented to the White House by the fraternity of which she is Paul Pry, the inquisitive Airedale, is Mrs. Coolidge’s companion on her walks up Connecticut avenue and around the Washington He is a very obedient dog, and Mre. Coolidge is often able to trust him “enough to release him from his leash and allow. him to scamper and play about her. Paul Pry is an individualist, and when he was presented to the White House with the suggestion that he be named Laddie Buck, in_compliment to Laddie Boy, the White House dog of the Hard- ing administration, the determined Aire- dale made a decided stand for a name . Because he spent his puppy days scampering from one room to an- other, eager to find out just what the olks” were doing and saying, he re- ceived the cognomen of Paul Pry. The dean of the diplomatic corps and Senora de Riano are 'great dogs and have five at the embassy on Sixteenth street. Senora de Riano is often seen strolling with one of her pets or perhaps several of them. passengers, of securing sufficient strength to withstand the pressure of the atmosphere, Lana assumed, would the domed form of the However, he was doomed to disappointment, and the practicability of this idea still remains to be demon- eorge Barnett with mechanism which|be met by “in motion some artificial of the corps. Mendoza (1503-15' ) suggested that filled with “ether,” which “can be made lighter than an equal volume of our impure would float in the air.” Favorinus, who died in 1537, wrote of the alleged flight of Archytas 312 B.C.) pigeon as having been “put in motion by hidden and inclosed air.” John Wilkins, Bishop of Chester, in 1638, in discussing the various pos- sibilities of flight, affirms the sugges- tion of Mendoza, but says that Men- doza got the icea from Albertus de Saxonia of 1350. Lauretus Laurus, in 1650, suggested that Archytas could have made his device fly had he made use of the litting force of a gas, for he mentions that the shells of eggs, “If properly ed against the pene- tration of air'and exposed to solar rays, will_ascend to the skies.” Then came Francesco Lana, Jesuit De Gusman,’ or Gusmao, a Brazilian priest, was given a monopoly of air transportation by the King of Portu- gal in 1709 in recognition of his in- vention of a flying machine. to show that he covered a wicker basket withi paper which “elevated itself as high as the Tower of Lisbon,” and it has been presumed that hot air was the agency It remained, however, and Joseph Montgolfier to demon- strate the possibilities of ballooning. These brothers Montgolfier, facturer of Annonay, experiment paper bags under which they burned Though success im- mediately resulted in these experi- ments, it is interesting to note that it was some time before the brothers realized that the real source of the lifting power was due to the heating does seem Another well ‘Washington Joffre is loyal to his friends and quite ready for an enemy at any time, and he is always treated with great respect by all who come near for Etienne Col. and Mrs. Vernon L. Padgett of Fort Myer have a famous war dog, a German police, formerly owned by a German officer who lost his life in the | The dog is called Sez and was a message bearer at front, having received several shrap- nel wounds in line of duty. favorite dog at Fort Myer is the fox localities and) Two of the Spanish envoy's dogs are Scotch Schaef- fer terriers and the three others Bel- gian Griffons, one of the Griffons being an offspring of Jack. Scotch Terrier is well known country, but the Griffon is rarely seen. ! priest of Italy, dramatist and scien- chopped straw. filled and sect World War. War Lords in Defeat: Wu P’ei-fu ex- Dictator, Waiting Chance to Strike Again, and His Puppet, ex-President Tsao Kun, Now Imprisoned—China’s Patriotic Intellectuals. Koo, Yen, Sze and Kuo—Merchants, Coolies, Intel- lectuals and Many Soldiers Hate War:; Only Generals and Student Agitators Favor It. of China is for rallroads, and the |debating. His car building and protecting of them |with that of Dr. I would take an almost unlimited num- | they did not attend has dovetailed and, although same college ber of ex-soldiers. The present dis-|thcy are members of the same fr turbances have almost entirely ty—Phi Beta Kappa stroyed all traffic by ra Any trips | Patriot Alfred Sze. that must of necessity be made by | ol & rail are taken in open freight cars,| ' oo i g e with no assurance of ever reaching |82l his cure bk e |3our destination. Many bridges wers |(RTOUED rallways and custs lown up by the generals—engines | .5 rinis ERice and cars confiscated Dleasure, | Fepublica net. He Lines are blocked by soldlers co marriage to Tang : fortably quartered in cars which they | KPOWH and greatly respected ( have made their permanent homes.|Batriot, who was also educated Bandits flourish. Merchants' cargoes [AMericd. Dr. Sze was Minister are rotting by the roadsid 1'1:\‘])(-"“;‘0]"_"_}?r"": . "14; to Washingt out to destruction. And people $21; Chinese delegate to the Wa [over the d are starving and freez. | NStOn conference, 1 In 19 | i@ Dacsiise to0d and coni canncs ra|with Peking tull of plots and' coi | transported ana |erplots, and Tsao Kun be ¢ distributed ok The coal shortage Becowis o) S5 MPUONET: o) Gy Wis o rcute Tow memdalntng itr t residency. a cabine are § A 2 up, with Alf a ck of i et there is planty all|[0rei8n affairs. Savs the C S0OMES (raly " tha Iend of Contncius| oo s o oo Was chosen becaus has become the land of Confusior. in politics he was neutral, but had a L |reputation among foreigners which China’s White List. would make him valuable to any gov But in Writing of China's men one |ernment.” And again—when thos cannot 8top with the military, |who had sown their little crops of though they are all powerful at the |deceit were reaping a fine harvest c moment. To do so would be to print |treach ‘Alfred Sze, who ha: only a blacklist, for are all pots|taken up his post as minister and kettles calling each other black |foreign affairs when he had just re and looking decidedly dark to every- |turned from America and who there body else. China also has a white |fore knew nothing of modern Pek ist—men internatior known and |politics, resigned in despair and dis honored. They are not military men, |gust, February 3, and shortly afte with armies to support them. They |went abroad gain.'” Recently are not inordinately ambitious men, |Geneva he represented China scheming and plotting by under- |opium conference. ground methods to advance their per- o0y Tnata® “They iare triia va- Dr. Kuo the Eduentor. riots—experienced, educated, ever| The last man mentioned o ready to Serve their country's best in- | the number of rerowned and efficic terests. They are men who combine | public men who had bee . the highest tradition of Chinese aris- | abroad wi any los : tocracy with the best of foreign edu- | herent fine: alwayrs t cation. T may mention four of the most | “topside” ¢ D conspicuous—Drs. Wellington Koo, | Ping-Wen) He is a teac | W. W. Yen, Alfred Sze, P. W. Kuo. | educator o broad, ambitious | They were ail educated in America— | being and presiden at Columbia ginia, Cornell and Co- | Southes umbia universities. respectively. They | and of tk acted as educators, ministers | Shanghai. A few weeks ago came e a B diplomats, yet with change and |edict displacing him from the p rn warfare and wrangling. and mud- | tions he not only ably filled b throwing, they stand out before the | helped crea ¥ explanat world ansullied and unashamed. If | being that he had brought upon h they were given an opportunity they |self the disfavor of n Chi-Jui might be able to help their country | his part encing the powe in her seemingly Lopeless muddle— |Shanghal to deport T they and the few others of their cal- | secretary, t otoriou foer and ability who must be scat- | maker. ~Little H tered about this once great country. |was just about But where are they, and what chance | giray soldlers about have they sta other war Koo and Yen Whitelinted. | plan round up a anghal nately Chun) has held important public of- | StUdY | D O foiE sioee xis EE vwas China . things sett plenipotentiary to Mexico in 1915, | Deaceabl: YRy n Shanghatitns Minister at Washington until was a shift of power Ir 3 . e i Dr. Kuo is called affer fo when he was appointed Minister London. He was a member of the ! peace conference of Parls, 1918-19; | However, in this case, all concerned China’s representative on the council | are o truly devoted to Dr. Kuo ti of League of Nations; Chinese dele- |they have voted the man te to the Washington conference, |date. and the man ted as his . Since then he has held the po- | Succeszor will not take office. It re of minister of forelgn affairs |mains to be seen whether of not t ent _cablnets. | order will be enforced gine t lue of his services to| In China it is hard to be optimisti T e it abe i (o be iruly re. | and to believe that “the pen is mightier constructed and rehabi ted! than the sword. The country is in br. W. W. Yen (Yen Hui-ch'ing), |the grip of the “mailed fist” of men author, translator and editor of va- | full of self-interest, subtle treachery ous books, homorary secretary and | cruel inhumanity. At the conferenc one of the founders of the World's | for the rehabilitation of China on ce Students’ Federation, profes- | the milita re represented. Ob- sor of English, secretary to legation | viously, any nge 'M"l be superfi- (Washington), vice minister of for-|cial and temporary. If only there &n affairs, Minister to Germany and | might be born a_spirit of truly na. Denmark, plenipotentiary to_ _the | tional ambition, free from individua opium conference (The Hague, 1913), [ aspiration and = personal jealousy Thinister of forelgn affairs, acting pre- | from hatred and distrust of the for- mier. minister of agriculture and |eigner; from hypocrisy and corrup- commerce! He began his carcer by |tion: if such an ambition could be winning from the Episcopal High |engendered ~and tained, = China could be built into a nation rivaling any tion and | that the world has ever seen. what the foreign consuls did to Hs 1 siti Chir medal fo n, mp Annual Hunt for Icebergs son on the| “This may be a new feature of next ear, ys Commandant Zeusler T HE ice-patrol sea i great Atlantic has arrive t E e T carnival time for icebergs—| The cutters Modoc and Tampa arrived and these great majestic Pal-| in the ice area off the Grand Banks of aces of crystallized water| Greenland about March 1 and thero have been slowly getting under way for three months Commandant Zeusl for their stately float of 1,000 miles | with an assitant, a radio man and yeo- from the great banks of eenland | man, will remain on guard constanti into the highways of the ocean About every fortnight the cutters w One Sunday In March two valiant lit- | Telieve each other, but always Zeusler tle cutters, Tampa and Modoc, under | will be in command. ; the direction of Lieut. Commandant| “Time is lost,” says the commandant F. A. Zeusler, sailed from Boston to of this rears expedition, alternat- the customary lookout points in the|ing oceanographers. It takes a day to ice area. z explain just where the retiring one has Hore with many mew appliances,|1eft off ‘in his observation and where oceanokraphy 15 directly applied to| the succeeding officer Is to take it up. these perils of the deep, with con- Tt is much better”” he added, “fo otant observation and reports con-|one man to do all the observing; his in- cerning their menace ssent to trans-| termittent rest made po sible by his as- atlantic steamers. The sonic depth- sistant, who is with him constantly St lot .G G _ | through the trip. finder, for which Congress has pro e Ry = £ ! vided an appropriation of $10,000, is Do the transatlantic steamers ‘mind Used for the first time, and Comman- | your instructions?” was the question dant Zeusler is optimistic over the]asked of Zeusler. i | “There is excellent co-operation br v P ped to de- all of the slrdm.\l\lp:‘: They rca)‘xz« the (o3 means of this It 1 b etion; in | importance of following the designated e oS B S wie ‘echoes they | Toutes, and, like a rallway train, stay on L T Y| the track assigned without a question.” “The development. of ‘this depth-| In & way Commandant Zeusler is a Bnidiii said Commandant ZeuslerJist {8 dispatoher as well 25" an. ooean- before leaving Washington, “is of | 9%rapher in the iceberg region, and his ! > ntific con-| Word is law. B DOt e o iy of the sea,| It Is the Labrador current, accord- Ing to Zeusler, which determines ab- S bt t 3 and I believe without a doubt that} oy .;o" }o menace of the jceberss. it is going to work” | ich win|and the first investigating work is to DS Tot (11l xeTa it of e enug of; Lacre | S SCOVOTIUSE oW faridown fals; cur- another new feature of the trip this e come: A The general scheme of circulation year. “"“We have been working on these|and the resultant behavior of ice- radios for some time,” sald the com- |bergs is then determined by the dis- mandant, “and we nmow know direct |tribution of salinity and tempera- messages can be transmitted with no | tures. attendant danger of mistakes through| To the uninitiated it would seem relaying.” that any ship ought to sight an ice- There are three sets, one each for|berg easily, when statistics show the two vessels regularly assigned to|many aro one mile long, with tower- the ice patrol, the Tampa and the|ing pinnacles of 100 feet. But only Modoo, and one for the relief vessel one-ninth of this bulk in many cases These will provide the International [is exposed, and at night it is im- Jee Patrol Service with means for|possible to see them. carrying on more efficiently the im- | The Internationaj Ice Patrol for Ice- portant and extensive radio work in- [bergs was established in 1913, 5o that cident to the patrol. the Titanic disaster of April, 1912, At the last meeting of the Board of [might not be repeated. International Service of Ice Observation, | At the international conference on Ice Patrol and Ocean Derelict Destruc- |the safety of life at sea, which was tion it was pointed out that provision |convened in London, November had been made in the construction of {1913, the subject of patrolling the the new radio apparatus for a wireless |icé regions was thoroughly discussed telephone attachment to be available in land the convention was signed on the event there should be occasion for |January 20, 1914, by the representa- its use. tives of the various maritime powers But, after much discussion, the steam- (of the world. It provided for the ehip people proved that the broadcast- [Inauguration of an international ing of ice information by wireless |derelict destruction, ice - observation telephony to passing ships, which no|and ice-patro! service, consisting of doubt would be heralded all over the |two vessels which should patrol the ship, would not only be an unnecessary |ice regions during the season of &z practice, but would have an undesirable [ger from icebergs and keep the trans- psychological effect upon passengers [atlantic lanes clear. while traversing the ice-patrol area. It| The Government of the United aiso was pointed out that the use of |States was Invited to take the man wireless telephony had not come into |agement of this triple service, the of the air within the smoke with which the to Al them, It is a rather grotesque, tyre, with a fringed beard, very human -expression, terrier pet of Miss Nancy Hawkins, daughter, of the commandant 'of the Rost 'IM"IL‘A Hawklns, . who printed in 1670 his famous reatise on “The Aerial Ship.” ua;-pnpund’nn alrship sustalned the bags and not ey louzml general favor as an efficient means of |expenses to be defrayed by the 13 communicating official and important [powers interested In transatlaatic news, - 2 1 navigation,