Evening Star Newspaper, March 2, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.........March 2, 1825 Editor TEEODORE W. NOYES. . The Evening Star Newspaper con‘m:n usipess 1) &, a0d Penneylvania Ave. B ooy Oiice: 110 Xast 420d BT, Chicago Offfee: Tower Bullding Eurepean Office : 16 Regent 8t., London, Englasd. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edttion, Ja delivered by carriers within e city ‘st 80 ceota pur mantn; dafly enly. 4 ceste per menth: Rundar o month, Orders [ phone Maln 0000, Coliection is made by car- eh month. riers at the ead of Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. .1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, 70 Dally only... . $6.00; 1 mo., E:ll‘(‘ Sunday only. 1yr. $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. v Pally and Sund .1yr., $10.00; 1 mo,, 85¢ Datiy only “i1yr.- $7.00: 1 mo, 80c Sunday only......1yr, $8.00;1mo, 26¢ Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associnted Pr xclusively entitied ® . lication of all news dis- Pitches Srediced v It or not ofherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pubr iisned herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— Ready for the Ceremony. ‘Washington Is ready for the inaugu- ration. It has not had much to do in preparation owing to the decision to simplify the ceremonies in the interest of economy. It has done what it has been permitted to @o; however, With all the zest of former years, regretful that it has not had a wider scope, but cheerfully . accepting. the limitations put upan it. Simplified as the program now is, the ceremony of Wednesday will be none the less impressive. It will, per- haps, in a way be more impressive for its simplicity. A citizen of the United States chosen by the people as Chief Executive will take the cath of office «t noon at the Capitol, will address the country briefly in an expression of faith in the fundamental soundness of the Republic’s organization, and will then proceed to his official restdence escorted hy a representation of the country’s defensive forces. The fact that the President-elect ow occuples that office, and that the transfer of authority on Wednesday will not bé from one individual to an- other, maturally detracts somewhat frem the impressiveness of the spec- tacle. Yet, owing to the circumistances under which Mr. Coolidge acceded to the presidency for a term now closing, this inauguration will somewhat par- take of the character of a first-term induction into office. The arrival in Washington of Gen. Charles G. Dawes, the Vice President- elect, gives a special point of interest to the pre-inauguration circumstances. Gen. Dawes is well known here through his service in this city u long time ago as controller of the currency and in later years as director of the budget. He is, indeed. a Washingto- nian by official adoption. He is wel- comed here now in his new capacity as prospective ' Vice President with a heartiness due to his intimacy with the Capital community. Despite the simplicity of the pro- gram for Wednesday, many -visitors are coming for the fnauguration. A number of the governors of the States will be present. The city will feel the pressure of a large addition to its popu- lation for a few days. These people are coming mnot to a show or a spec- tacle, but to a highly significant cere- monial, the climax of the process of self-government by the American peo- ple. In its unostentation, in its freedom from pomp, its plainness of program, this induction into office will be, per- Laps, more impressive than an clab- orate entertainment. The President’s Vacation. It is said that the President “is seri- ously considering abandoning the ‘White House for at least 8 or 10 weeks this coming Summer.” A friend of the President is quoted as saying that he will leave the White House “not with the idea of seeking a cooler climate so much as to be away from the White Iiouse while extensive repair work is being done.” A new roof is to be put on the White House and other changes are to be made. So far as the generel, allaround cli- mate of Washington is concerned it is 1ot necessary to admit that any other section is a superior one. Some folks will be willing to concede that the New ¥ngland climate has ® bit of an edge on ours in July and August, but dur- fng the other 10 months it is not cus- tomary for Washingtonians to go to New England for climate. It may be that during January and February the tlimate.of Palin Beach is a bit more balmy than Washington's, but from May to October there are people who prefer the climate of Great Falls, Chevy Chase, Braddock Heights and Bolivar Heights to that of the shining strand and waving palms of Palm Beach. Most people will feel that the Presi- Bent is justified in taking a few days off from the White House while work- men are putting on a new roof. Put- ting on a new roof is not a quiet job. Xivery one of the President's 500,000 friends in Washington will hope that he has a pleasant and health-promot- Ing time on his vacation in New Eng- land. O i It is in order for Japan to congratu- late the American continent on the ability to take its earthquakes in mod- eration. ———e— The Congressional Record. Dull as it is at some times, the Con- gressional Record makes mighty in- teresting reading these days. It Is the officlal broadcaster of congressional proceedings, and it has to be followed page by page, and almost word by word, In order to ascertain what exact- 1y is doing “on the hill.” But it {s not easy reading. It requires some skill, some experience to understand all that 1s printed in its pages. Its reader must have & general knowledge of parlia- mentary practice to know when a bill hes finally reached the point of pas- sage. He must be able to differentiate between the adoption of an initial measure and of a conference report. He must keep track of the doings of ‘both houses on the same proposition. e must follow through the debates to keep pace with amendments that are carried and that are lost, and check up on the reports on enrolled and en- gromsed bills and on presidential ap- provals. The Congressional Record is not read in these last days of the session for style of oratory or pungency of repartee or vigor of discussion. It is read chiefly for results, for action. The issue which reported the proceedings of Saturday’s session covered 117% pages outside of the appendix, with its “‘extension of remarks,” its various bulleting, its Iist of committees, its roster of the personncl of the House with addresses. To read those pages is & task of considerable magnitude. It one read every word it would require several hours and would entail much weariness of the eye. But the experi- anced reader of the Congressional Rec- | ord knows what to skip. He “hits the high spots," though always careful not to miss anything important. Later he may turn to the appendix and read the “remarks" that were never spoken on the floor, but to the well versed peruser of this official journal these appended matters are but “apple sauce,” as the phrase now runs, served up chiefly for the benefit of constituents later in the form of reprints in leaflet and pam- phlet form. In this end-of-the-session reading of the Record, apart from the specific data on bills pending, amended or passed, there is a certain amount of interest in personal explanations and occasional exchanges between mem- bers. One of the most provoking fea- tures of the Record at this time is the ellipsis between brackets, which states that the remarks of Mr. Blank will ap- pear hereafter, being held for re- vision. Sonietimes the revision re- moves much of the pungency which would increase the appeal of the of- flclal pages to the general reader. But taken all in all, the Congresstonal Rec- ord, which will soon be discontinued until December, is an instructive, use- ful publication which can be eafely taken into any home. When the Earth Settles. So rarely does the earta tremble along the Bastern Atlantic coast of this country that the tremors felt in this section of the country Baturday night have an unusual significance. In certain parts of the world such vibra- tions are frequently experienced. In some regions, indeed, they are weekly, almost daily, occurrences. Seismo- graphs may mark and measure them, but they do not reach the news col- umns of the world's press. Only when they destroy property on a great scale or take life are they noted. But when the crust shakes along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States, however slightly, the fact is of moment. ‘While many felt the trembling of the houses Saturday night in this region probably many more were un- conscious of the disturbance, Personal experiences with the quake varied widely. Few, in fact, who felt the tremor knew or suspected its cause. The passage of a railroad train on a nearby track or of a heavy truck in the street outside or a distant explo- sion was commonly blamed for the vibration. Doubtless ‘this was fortu- nate, for if those who felt the shak- ing had known it was a veritable earthquake many would have been thrown into panic. As it was, there was little or no evidence of alarm in this community and, judging from re- ports from other cities, there was only slight disturbance of the public mind elsewhere, All evidence indicates that the cen- ter of the tremor was off the coast of Muine. The manifestations were se- verest in New England, diminishing in the radius to the west and south. Later reports may bring positive evi. dence of the focal point. If, however, that point lles somewhere under the Atlantic no physical proof will be avallable. Usually when a quake oc- curs beneath the sea heavy waves are formed, but so far no indication has come of such manifestations. Naturally New York, with its enor- mously tall buildings, is most keenly interested in the earthquake question. These immense spires, which shoot up hundreds of feet into the alr, have often been doomed by pessimists who predict a cataclysm for the mietropolis. Buf Saturday night little or no dam- age was done to these structures. The tremors were withstood, and now scientists have given the big city as- surance that there is no menace in the instability of the earth crust in that section. New York has felt earth tremors before, but each fresh proof | that the crust is still settling in this part of the world raises anew the ques- tion of the stability of the skyscrapers. Four perceptible shocks were record- ed there between 1884 and 1895, and there was another one in 1314. Bince then higher buildings have been erect- ed with confidence, and without doubt still higher ones will arise in'the face of the visitation of Saturday night. In a way there is a sort of insur- ance In a harmless earthquake in a region of infrequency. The crust has settled anew, a slip has occurred and presumably a state of stability is reached that will endure for a con- siderable period. In. the zones of fre- quency, however, one quake is apt to be merely a warning of others to come, for in such areas the crust is in a con- stant state of changs and a single slip may be the cause of more severe dis- locations later. Taken altogther, the shock felt here Saturday night may be accepted as a guarantee of compara: tive security. —_— et Oratory is no longer in demand. No remarks could be more tersely direct than those of the weather man, and none just now claim more respectful interest. The Beacon Light of Spring. Whatever the almanac may say, or the weather prophets may predict. Spring has come to Washington. The equinox may not be at hand, but the season has changed. For the light'is shining from the top of the Monument again, and that is a sure token of the vernal peried. This light on the top of the Wash- ington Monument is & familiar phenomenon to most residents of the Capital, though, singularly enough, it is not known to some. Twice a year it flashes for several days at a time, in Spring end again in FalL; It is caused by the rays of the sun lecting from the aluminum tip which forms the peak of the capstone. The metal never tarnishes, and thus acts as a. mirror. Aluminum was chosen for the purpose of finishing off the masonry because of this quality. At the time it was placed on the shaft more than 40 years ago it was regarded as a romarkable leb- oratory product. It was one of the largest pieces of aluminum ever cast, for the metal was then rarg, whereas now it is in common use. - Of course, every day when the sun shines at all seasons of the year there is & flash from the aluminuni peak somewhere visible. But downtown in the city this flash comes to the eye in early March and in early October. The phenomenon is visible from the center of the city for four or five days. At tmes the flash is so brilliant that it seems as though the great obelisk was peaked by an immense diamond. This brilllancy lasts only & few minutes. So Spring has come with the flash from the aluminum tip on the Wash- ington Monument. There may be flare- backs and storms, @ there may be con- tinuous mildness in the air and clarity and blueness of sky. Whatever hap- pens. the beacon light signals Spring. ————— In accordance with her one fixed national policy, Turkey Is still looking for trouble. —— et Another housing problem looms, the Government being embarrassed for lack of storage room for confiscated liquor. Experiments to determine how far aircraft can bé relled on to disperse a rum fleet might be of incidental in- terest. . e The former Kaiser appears willing to assure the world that he has put his war chariot away and is cured forever of reckless driving. e ————— A parade, however unostentatious, that Includes the presidential and vice presidential carriages cannot fail to command nation-wide interest. ———— It is stated that' the earthquake is due to minor fgults in Massachusetts, Boston .would hesitate to admit a major fault, even geologically speak- ing. ————— More drastic penalties will be pro- vided for reckless driving. A driver careless of the lives of others may per- haps be persuaded to consider his own purse and convenience. ——————— In view of the delay and confusion often incident to debate, there might be gupport for a proposal to amend the Constitution to provide for fewer na- tional legislators at larger salaries. ——— Large investments by Mr. Slemp in Florida land are announced. Florida's renown steadily Increases as head- quarters for statesmanship, both resi- dent and visiting. ———————— A threat once made in Russia to terrorize the world has never been car- ried out. All that has been accom- plished is to render the world from time to time apprehensive as to Rus- sia’s own safety. ———————— It is sincerely hoped by patriots and humanitarians that the discussion of methods for another war wili eventual- Iy prove as needless as the prepara- tions recently made by a number of people for the end of the world. How- ever, it is declared by science that there must one day.be an end of the world. It may be equally true that an- other death clash will arise among earth’s inhabitants. It is the course of wisdom to be prepared for either event, SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOENSON. For a Change. Let’s be quiet for a day And forget the reckless play— Speeding, dancing, everywhere, On the earth and in the air— Clanging gong and whistle shrill— Flivvers driving for a spill Of the passengers they lug, Or perchance a bootleg jug. Swift and swifter grows the stride— Let's for once be dighified Moving in a statelier way On Inauguration Day. ‘What to Wear. “Have you decided on what you will ‘wear at the ball?” ©0," answered Senator Sorghum. “By the time my family has paid for the proper costuming I don’t belleve there will be enough of my salary left to pay for outfitting me. I guess I'll stay home and wear the radio ear- phones.” Cosmeticulous, Some pigments superimposed with care; Some lines of penciled grace— It's s a background fine and fair That she employs her face. Jud Tunkins says he'd.favor.a great big gasoline investigation if he wasn't afraid the company would boost the price some more to pay for the trouble and expense, i Blushes Unobserved. “‘Are you serious in saying you think women ought to revive the custom of wearing hats at the theater?” “Entirely serfous,” answered Miss Cayerme, “in view of the present style of plays. Our hats are not so large as to obstruct the view, and they conceal one's face in a highly desirable man- ner.” Usual Formalities. Be the occasion what it may, A grave or serious matter, As Time goes rolling on his way, ‘We use the same old chatter, 8o let Inauguration come. Impressions old it smothers As we remark, “farewell” to some, ‘And “howdydo” fo others. *“I knows a young man,” said Uncle Eben, ‘‘dat is wastin” his economy. Al he s savin’ up for is'to buy a setter pup, e shotgun, a banjo and several bottles of helr polish. . : BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Even Homer nodded; Pope grows boresome. The third epistle of the “Essay on Man” {s not as snappy reading as the first and second sections, something not to be wondered at when the na- ture of such poetic writing 1s taken into account. Having held the interest of the reader through the first two epistles, Pope would not have been human had he not allowed it to lag a bit for a time. He catches it up again, how- ever, in the fourth and concluding part. The lh?rd epistle is concerned main- 1y with 'a conception of a legendary golden age of maun, when beasts and men walked together, “joint tenants of the shade.” This was a favorite conception of some of the older writers. Yet Lucretius, the great Roman poet, as well ay Horace, deplcted the early struggles of mankind In much the same way that the modern the- ories of evolution pfcture them. Pope read these earlier poets, then went ahead calmly with his conception of a “state of nature” in which all was happiness and accord. Perhaps, after the of men,- there was a time in which universal peace reigned at some spot in the world. The idea of a golden age, as set forth in the fables of At- lantls, the lost land, seems to show that men hugged to themselves such @ theme, if not a reality, then a dear hope. Maybe Egypt for a time enjoved such a golden age of accord, Egypt the great land of anclent times, the teeming cradle of much that is still with us. That early man did not lead a blameless life, however, most of us have good reasons to think. Even the Bible shows friction in the Gar- den of Eden and the slaying of Abel by Cain. * R K x Pope’s account of the growth of so- clety, laws, religions, governments, is rather more poctic than exact. He makes the “volce of nature” speak to that good creature, early man, as follows: g he res the instructions take; TRuch Trom tho Girds what food ‘he thickets feld : Leain from the beasts the physic of the s Beld; Thy arts of building from the bee receive; Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to weave: Learn of Spread the gale. Learn each small people’s genius, policies, The ants’ re and the realm of bees. The concluding verses of the third epistle are the best in it: For modes of faith let graceless zealots fight; His can't be wrong whose life is in the right. In faith and hope the world will disagree, But all mankind's concern is charity. All must be false that thwart this one great end, And“all’ of God that biess mankind or mes Man, like the gen'rous vine. supported lives: “The ‘strength he gains is from the embrace he gives. to safl teh the Le little naweil thin our and driving ¥ X Pope “snaps back into it” with the fourth epistie, in which he considers the nature and state of man with respect to happiness. Ob, happiness! Our being's end and aim! Pope agrees with Solomon and countless others of the speakers and writers of all ages and races that happlness is the aim of men. Not simply a useless happiness, or a happiness which seeks bodily grati- fications alone, but a happiness which had considered the whole extent of life and seen that the prophet was right when he said: “Do good, not evil, live.” That ye may kv out ot life, he says, one has to be somewhat decent, The game of life has certain rules which ousht to be obeyed, not only for the sake of the Master of the Game, but also " for the benefit of the obeyer. The prophet—I believe it was Ml- cah—did not #ay, “Do good because that ye may To get the most early uprising | you ought to,” or “The gobelins will get you If you don't” No; he was a psychologist, that old fellaw. To listen to some of the modern teach- ers one might think psychology was a new thing under the sun. The prophet, however, was consid- erable of a physchologist when he declared, “Do good, not evil—that ye may live.” He appealed to the selfish in man, as well as to the reasonable slde of him. You cannot eat your cake and have it, too. You can take your life in a grand flash, or you can enjoy It longer, if not so excitedly, by belng good, but the two ways do not mix very well Almost every one can make his own choice. Happiness, says Pope, is nowhere to be found, or everywhere. Ask of the learned the way? The learned are blind; and that to shun mankind; it pleasure. o beasts, Snd pleasure ain wweiled = pain Or Indolent, to each extreme they fall, To trust in everything, or doubt of all. | Who thus define it. say they more or less Thaa this, that happiness 14 bappiness? “There needs but thinking right and meaning well” Pope declares, Happlness |5 mutual, he continues. Abstract what others feel, what oth- ers think, all pleasures sicken, and all glories sink. There, by the way, the reader can see how natural Pope's expression is. Those last words above are rhymed, but can be written as prose just as well, without any change whatever, the sense being perfect, and the sen- tence a well constructed, easily read one. Some to’ gods, confess e'en virtue * ok k% Health, peace and competence, the poet tells are sought for happi- ness' sake. Health comes through temperance, and peace is all virtue's own. The world, he says, was made for Caesar—for whom Pope had no admiration—but for Titus, too. Titus, according to legend, ex- claimed on recalling one evening that he had done no good that day to any especial person, “My friends, I have lost a day!" Titus thus was the orig- nial Boy Scout. It is one of the car- dinal tenets of the Scouts that each member must do one good deed each day. v earthly gives or can destro The out's calm' sunshine 434 the. Beact felt Is virthe's prize. Pope brings out the difference be- tween man and boy, through the same person, in the lincs: The boy and mi vidusl makes, T4 TRARAILON for appies ana o cakest The following lines, from this last epistle, are well known: Honor and shame from o condition rise: Act well sour part, there all the hooor iies. Worth makes the ‘man apd wast of it, the Tlow: The reet 1o 1l but leather or prasells. ‘Prunella” sounds as if it might be a new soft drink, or some sort of patent medicine. It means a soft woolen stuff, used as the uppers of shoes. What's fame?” acks peppy Pope fancied life In other's breath.” An honest man, he says, is the noblest work of God. Truths would you teach, or save & sinking land 7 All fear, none aid you and few understand, Painful pre.eminence! Xourself to vie Abore life's weakness, and i1 comforts, 0o, Ask Brig. Gen. Willlam Mitchell, assistant chief of the Army Air Serv- ice, If those first two lines are mot true. Ile knows! Pope’ énds his great poetic work with some pride when he says, “I turned .the tuneful art from sounds to things, from fancy to the heart.” He concludes: For wit's false mirror held up natare's light, Showing erring pride, whatever s, s Figh That reason. passion, auswer one great aim That true self1ove and social are the ssme; | That virtwe ouly makes our bliss below: | A’ all gur knowledge is ourselves to know. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. “Ma" Ferguson of Texas is the first State governor to present Coolidge in- auguration credentials in Washington. She has not done so in person, but by proxy. A gallant young Lone Star Democrat and planter, Capt. “Bill" Lea of Orange is Gov. Ferguson's duly ac- credited representative. He has come, caparisoned as the envoy of the first American to queen it over a sovereigh Commonwealth should come, armed with beauteous letters of credence. They take the form of a “proclama- tion,” attesting that as “Ma” Fer- guson herself cannot tear herself away from Austin she officially de- sires “Bill” Lea to be in Washington on March 4 for her, and {n her guberna- torial name, The “proclamation” has affixed to it the golden seal of the State of Texas In an edition the size of a young ple tin, while from beneath it de- pends & bow of gorgeous red ribbon. Capt. Lea's credentials were duly pre- sented and fully honored. He will not ride In the inaugural parade, but he will be placed among the official elite in all of the grandstands. Lutcher Stark, an- other Orangeman, accompanies Capt. Lea-as his alde, guide and comforter. * ok ok W Probably Gen Dawes will be no ex- ception to other Vice Presidents, who since’ time immemorial have been be- sleged by patronage hunters mistakenly of opinion that they, 1tke the President, have jobs to give away. Calvin Coolidge received a congratulating _caller soon after ho became Vice President in March, 1921. The visitor hastened to ex- plain he hadn't come on an office-seeking mission. “Wouldn't have made any dif- ference,” sald Coolidge. “All the patron. age I get is a clerk and a stenographer.” Our’ Vieo Presidents are privileged to appoint & limited number of cadets to West Point and of midshipmen to An- napolis, but they seldom get anywhere near the plum tree that grows exclusive- 1y at the White House. g * Kk ¥ ¥ Admiral Sims told the House air- craft committee that most of his naval career has been spent in co: flict with the “principal dignitariel "That's Sims’ favorite term for higher- ups. He began his endless fight with them when he was a lieutenant in the 80s. The old frigate in which Sims was_eruising didn’t contain, as he thought, proper living quarters for the crew, so one day he sat down and wrote to headquarters at Washing- ton, setting forth that fact. It wasa violation of red tape discipline, but it did the business, When Sims was a captain he blew up things at Waeh- ington by declaring that one of our vaunted new battieships was Iittle better than a floating coffin, as far as warworthiness was concerned. That led to results, too. In 1910 Sims in- curred a’celebratéd “reprimand” from President Taft for saying at Gulld- hall, London, that if Britain ever was at war, America would fight along- side Ner to the last man and the last dollar. At the end of the World War Admiral Sims clashed violently with Secretary Daniels over our naval un- preparedness in 1917. Early in Sec- retary Denby's career he was called upon to “rebuke” Sims for a speech in London in which Ireland’s over- zealous friends in the United States were described as “jackasses.” Hot ‘water 15 Sims' nutural element, He says it agrees with him. * kX *x 'y There's a clerical member of Con- gress who was treated to a discon- certing experience at an “American ization class” in Washington the other night. These are classes where resident allens -are put through a ‘oeurse of sprouts {n the United States | Constitution in words of one syllable. The Representative in question -was the orator of the evening. 'He start- ed in to quote the preamble of our Magna Charta—‘“We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union,” and all the rest of it. He had gone no further than those opening words when he found it necessary to haul out a copy of the Constitution and read the rest of the preamble. When his turn was finished, " the officlal In charge of the class sald: “Mr. Congressman, we've 20 fellows here who can recite the preamble to the Constitution by heart, although not a one of them is yet @ naturalized citizen!” ok ok % Inauguration visitors who want to see American statesmen of the hour as Washington envisages them from frailties—can indulge in that pastime by looking in at the Corcoran Gal- lery of ‘Art. There Robert James Malone, caricaturist, Is exhibiting his collection, entitled “Our Statesmen,” a galaxy of 30 or 40 cartoons that deplet the Nation’s best known men with relentless truth to life. Taft, Moses, Hughes, La Follette, Gillett, Bdge, Curtis, Willls, Pat Harrison, Borah, Caraway, Pershing, Cummins, Smoot, Ashurst, Watson, Robinson, Bryan, Warren, Glass, Heflin, Wads- worth, Copeland, King, Brookhart, Dawes, Pepper, Longworth, Swanson and Overman 'are among the cas- tigated. “Jim"” Preston, “commander- in-chief of the press gallery,” also is lampooned. * oKk % Medill McCormick, though he would have resumed private citizenship this week through departure from the Senate, by no means intended to lead a life of political seclusion, The late Illinois Senator was by training, tem- perament and predilection a news- paperman. It was his plan, some of his friends say, to devote himself intensively to journalism. Once in |a while they thought he had It in mind to make himself a sort of American Lord Northcliffe, at the head of a great chain of newspapers, through which he could wield po- litical influence and eventually mount to more prestige and authority than he ever achleved before. Medill used to like to say that “Ruth” (his wife) W .8 “the real politician of the fam- In a very literal sense that was true. Mark Hanna's daughter is bound to:be heard of in politics in her own name and right as time goes on, * ok ok x Senator James W. Wadsworth, ir. of New York, crowned G. O. P. boss of the Empire State when he nom- inated “Ted” Roosevelt for governor last Fall, 1s having his organization’ troubles.. They spring from a charge that he fsn’t enough of a boss. New York Republicans apparently want a boss whoi bosses, Wadsworth is ac. cused of leaving too many things and too much authority to under- Dbosses and not running the show suf- ficiently himself. His vicissitudes are sald to be mainly up-State, whence he springs, rather than from Man- hattan Island-way. Up-State New York is dry, too, and “Jimmy” Wads worth is ‘politically wet, The Demo- crats talk of pitting the young Loch- invar of western New York Democ- racy, Representative Meyer Jacob- stein of Rochester, against Wads. worth for the:Senate in 1926. Jacob stein made a miracalous re-eléction run last November, winning by 30,000, while Coolidge was carrying Roch- ester by 29,000. .,:] ) day to day—that s, in all their naked | THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 11—Neighbors: Social Experiments in Serviee. . Jacob A. Riis was one of the first who pictured the lives of our unfor- tunate neighbors and his books gave the impetus to many of the present methods of alleviation. Though hap- pily much has since been done to remedy the shocking conditions he describes, “How the Other Half Lives” (IG-R44h) will always be considered an epoch-making book. The interest which Mr. Rlis started resulted in making real neighbors of numberless persons and their experi- ments in community service makes interesting reading. How Willlam George felt his way in meeting the needs of his bolsterous young people brought out from the slums of New York for fresh air parties until he reaped the reward of finding that the standard set up by them was good citizenship, is graph- ically told in “The Junior Republic” (IFX-G297). It abounds in sound knowledge of child psychology, in humor and In inctdents that go stralght to the heart of the reader. The republic faced the problem of pauperism and solved it effectively. “Dis bill" sald the.young legislator in introducing it, “is pretty strong against the feller what can work and won't. It says to the pauper. ‘If youse can work and won't yousge can starve to death! Say, what do youse fellers say to dat bill’” The ap- plause which followed clearly showed the sentiments of the legislature and it passed with a rush and was soon put In execution and pauperism be- came a thing of the past. R. R. Reeder, in an interseting ac- count of “How Two Hundred Ch dren Live and Learn” (1G-R254h), describes a thoughtful and scientific method of caring for dependent chil- dren. In the diary of an eight-year- old child {e this record showing the normal life that an orphanage con- duoted on the cottage plan had de- veloped. “I picked dandelions and earned 3 cents. Iplayed in theafter. noon. T polished the hall and I syd down the slide.” Jt is pleasant to read about the happy days of these boys and girls, regulated so as to glve them opportunities for normal growth, education and play. Mrs. W. L. Taylor was persuaded to take @ book to & boy in the county jail und from that start did 2 large work with “The Man Be- hind the Bars” (IFP-T216m). Using books as an introduction, she was in many cases Instrumental in help- ing them to recommstruct their lives. Mrs. Taylor made a painful discov- ery which is a challenge for a aif- ferent these un- fortunates. she says, “why so man incorrigibles give me their confldence was owing 1o the word passed around among them, ‘You can trust her; she is no Christian. * That, of course, was not the case, but her Christianity was of a different character to that of the | Bo-called Christians with whom many jof them had come in contact. The mixture of good and bad qualities in the prisoners, their reaction to good books and to human sympathy, are brought out in the story of individual men with whom Mrs. Taylor came in contact. “This boy, from a E: caid a visiting official ropean country in meeting & youth in a Chicago settlement house, “belongs to the lowest of our ubject races. We have ruled them for 900 years,.hut:havE not, really conquered ‘them. We have forced one language upon them and they have refused to speak it; we have forbid- den the use of their mother tongue in the higlier schools, yet they mever forget it and with each -year ‘they become more and more Slavonic. You take our refuse, our lewest classes, and in o generation you ke Americans of them. How do you do it? Partly to answer that quéstion and partly to promote understanding of the immigrant, Dr. Edward A. Steiner tells the story of his own Americanization. His experfences, Which he regards as typical, with the sweatshops, the mills and miues vith their grinding labor, the lower courts, the jatl, the open road:with its ddngers, the American home and the Christlan church are told in en- grossing fashion “From Alien to Citizen” (E-St348). The activities of settlement houses are always interesting and are well pictured in Miss Addams’ “Twenty Years at Hull House” (IAS-Ad22t) and fn Miss Wald's “House on Henry Street” (IAS-W145h), the latter the racord of 20 years of vital work with the people in the East Side of New York. VITAL THEMES The New Battle of the Franc BY WILLIAM C. REDFIELP Former Secretary of Commierce. (The break in French francs, howme eeiiiaR, Bas wade Premier clare ouce more that the governm Dot than abandon a sane fiscal pol- 5. e eed the entire world's credit,’” he i reported as saying.) A consideration of the pregent monetary situation in France 'de- mands that, if we are to discern her financial future, we distinguish be- tween France itself on one hand and the French government on the ather. France, the France of the French people, is prosperous, with great re- sources, with little unemploymant, and blessed with a populace natably industrious and thrifty. Not even the shock and devastation of war has al- tered the character and customs of the French peasant farmer, and he is the vastly predominating element in the French people. Of equal fmportance is a corract es- timate of the natural resources which France controls both on her own soil and in her colonies. She is rich at home {n coal and iron, in bauxife and in water power. The war has given her potash in Alsace, and in Motocco she has stores of phosphates. Lead and zino abound in Tunis and Algeria. It 18 not easy for us to visualize the vast colonial empire of Frande, to timate accurately its present de- elopment or evaluate its economic future. We think and speak of the British Empire as the great, far- flung dominion. The possessions of France are hardly less in extent or in resources, and they support large and productive populations. In short, the French people have the means to pa: the ultimate power that those.con- trol who have.vast resources at thelr command. 2 £ The French government is another story. We need not here review the political trials and problems of France since t! war or her noble and successful effort at restoratio She has greatly suffered in a cause in which we ourselves had no ‘small interest. Nor should we fail in sym- pathy with the deep desire of France for security. We should feel as she does were we in her place. But it certainly is true that the goyvern- ment of France must look its fiscal problems in the face and deal with them more firmly than it has ‘done thus far. There are limits to wh borrowing can do even when back: by the thrift and resources of France. The way out is along the hard road of saving, taxing and paying,: and France must tread it. Means and methods must be found to reduce and refund the short-term debt, for until this do the vast volume of'mote ¢l 'is;a constant men- %e- n'v.no‘ - 'y -of. har c‘dvn'-::r. 'axes mus equalized an r enforoed. the A R. sang at the White House. suggestion of Maj. Archie Butt the aides wore white uniforms for the first time. 70,000 Jews on farms. especially numerous New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachu- setts, Michigan, Ohlo and California. | There are 40,000 Jewish farmers in ) South Amerfoa. . Most of them Co., ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. What gre the highest places in vielnity of Washington’—H. A. Tha Geological Burvey says that the following are some of the higher locations around Washington: leytown, trict of Columbla, 420 feet; one mile back of Glen Echo, 364 feet; Lewins- ville, Va., Ten- highest point in the Dis- 360 feet. Q. 'When was the first occasion upon which the military aldes of the Presidenit wore white uniforms at the White House?—§. T. A. In June, 1908, the Arfon Chorus At the Q. Do Jews often become farm- ers?—M. G. A. There are in the United States They are in New York, in Argentina Q. How many tablold daily news- Papers aro there In the United States? —D, N. A. There are now ten. The first, the New York News, was started as 4 tablold dally picture paper five years ago. Q. What must be done to walls with sand finish in order to paper them?—F. B. W. A. If the walls have a sand-flat finish, the usual finish coat of plas- ter should be added. When set and dry, the walls may be sized and pa- per put cn. Q. What do alligaters eat?—A. W. A. The food of all alligators usu- ally consists of raw meat and raw fish. They consume more food in Summer than in Winter. Q. What {s the alrplane strength of the United States?’—R. G. A The air strength of the United States as of December 1, 1924, was 50 first-line planes, 51 plane squad- rons, personnel of 15,000. Q. What causes hollow large potatoes’—W. O. H. A. 1f hollow spots appear in large potatoes this may be due to too rich soil and too much rain which to- gether gives a rapid growth and forms hollow spots. BSome varieties of potatoes are more subfect to this defect than others. spots in Q. Where are the largest milling| companies and cereal mills world?—H. E. 8. A. We. have been informed that the largest milling companygin the world today is the Washburn“Crosby which” has mills in = num- ber of ecities, aggregating in capac- ity 65,000 barrels of flour daily be- sides a considerable quantity of ce- real products. The largest single in the 500 barrels per day. The largest flour mill east of the Mississippi is the Hecker-Jones-Jewell Ml In New York City with a capacity-of 11,000 barrels daily. The largest cereal mill in the world (that is, grinding products other than wheat) fs, ac- cording to the records of the Nation- al Miller, the Cedar Rapids, Yows, plant of the Quaker Oats Company. Q. How does the burean adjust compensation when the veteran has dropped his insurance’—ML S. A. Money recelved under the adjusted compensation law is sep- arate and apart from your Govern- ment insurance. Whether or not you have kept up this {nsurance, you wili recelve the adjusted compensation if you are entitled to it. Q. What prize did Columbus offer to the first man to sight land?—T. A The prize conslsted of a silk doublet, offered by Columbus, and an annuity of 10,000 maravides (approx- imately $61) offered by the Queen. Q. TIs the stock in a local building and loan association subject to in- come tax?—J. G. MecC. A. Dividends or interest not ex- ceeding $300 from domestic bullding and loan associations substantially all the business of which Is confined to making loans to members is ex- empt from Federal fncome tax. Q. What the denomination of the oratory at Brompton Road, Kensington, London.—T. D. T. A. Tt is Roman Cathollc. is Q. Who appoints examiners?—N. J. K. A. They are appointed by Controller of the Currency. natfonal bank the Q. Where is the Cholan?—A. T. A. The Cholan is in Cochin China, four miles southwest of Saigon. Q. Where does come from?—aA. S. A. The ivory of the tusks of the Atrican elephant is held in the high est estimation by the manufacturer on account of its density and white- nese. The tusks are yellow or brown on the outside, but inside are snowy white. The tusks are of all sizes from a few ounces in welght to more than 100 pounds each. Russia, and espeotal- ly Siberia, obtains large quantities of tvory from the tusks of fossil ele- phants. The tusks of the African ele- phant furnish at once the greatest and bset parts of the ivory of com- merce, and for this purpose it is es- timated that annually some 70,000 elephants are killed. African tusks sometimes reach a length of 9 feet and weigh 200 pounds or more. (Haove you asked Haskin? He does not know all the things that people ask hm. but he knows people who do know. Try him. Ktate your question briefly, write | plainly and inclose 2 cents in stamps for | return postage. Address Frederio J | Haskin, Director, The Star Information the best ivory flour mill {s the Pillsbury, a mill of Minneapolls with a capacity of -17,- Bureaw, Twenty-first and Cstreets north- west.) E STORY OF THE FRENCH DEBT By WILLIAM P. HELM, Jr. ARTICLE VIL Tt has been claimed repeitedly that France spent nearly all the $3,000,- 000,000 lent her by the United States in payment for American munitions, but the facts do not support such a claim. ¥ar from'it. The Treasury's record of French spendings of Amer- fcan funds do not disclose the fact that virtually all the money was spent in this country, but they show that less than 30 per cent of the amount went for munitions. Further, the record shows that after the armistice France spent in the United States approximately $1,000,- 000,000 lent her by . the American Government for other things than munitions. Only $138,000.000 was spent by France for American muni- tions after the war énded and these spendings represented sums included for the adjustment of many contracts for munitions which France had made with American manufacturers. One-Fourth for Munitions. All told,” the French government spent in the United States, for all purposes, the record shows, $3,151.- 506,837.80 between April 6, 1917, the date of our entry into. the war, and November 1, 1920, some weeks after the last cash advance had been made to France from the American Treasury. For American munitions, the record shows, France &pent $827,194,625 dur- ing that period. The sum also covers French spendings for remounts. Large as the total looms, it is but little more than 25 per cent of the sum lent France, by the United States. And as $158,000.000 of the sum représents expenditfires after the armistice, largely in adjusting munitions contracts in the United States, total French spendings for munitfons and remounts in the United States during the period of our par- ticipation in the war were about ,000,000. u:’x‘m‘éo 0lolxn‘. is about $100,000,000 more than half of the sum spent by Great Britain in the United States for the sume purpose during the same period, For exchange and cotton France spent, the record shows, $806,630,000— less than half of what Great Britain spent—and for foodstuffs other than cereals, $285,000,000. It is interest- ing to note that of the spendings for foodstuffs about $217,000,000 repre- sents the amount expended by France after the armistico had been signed and the war ended. During those 23 months .France spent for American victuals to be shipped overseas for her troops (and probably her civil- fans, the record doesn’t show) nearly three times as much as she spent for the e purpose during the 19 months that the United States was actively at war. Heavier After Armistice. France spent $40,710,000 of the money wé lent her for tobacco, the record shows, but here again her spendings affer the armistice had been signed were heavier than they were while she was actively at war. The record ~shows that tobacco bought in the United States and shipped to France, paid for out of the Amerlcan Treasury, totaled $22,- 300,000 In value during the 23 months immediately following the armistice, as compared with about $18,400,000 during the 19 months im- ———————— . find that the men in power, Premier Herriot and Finance Minister Cle- mentel, speak of this as their de- termined course and that Caillaux from without utters a note which, ®0 far as it goes, Is in accord. France, they agree in substance, must meet her financlal troubles as she met the foe in battle. It is not the ultimate power of France to save her credit and to restore the stability of her currency that is questioned. It has been her determination to do so that has been at times in doubt éven among those who held ler in high esteem. It is fortumate alike for France and the w that her face is turned toward the light. The bat- tle mhe will wage for the franc may be long but it will be won. Our own similar struggle was long and hard us sympathetic. mediately preceding the armistice. For many other supplies than mu nitions and foodstuffs, France spen $276,500,000 In the United States dur- ing the 42 months of borrowing fror the Amerfcan Treasury. And once more, the trend of this eort of spend- ing is the same. During the period prior to the armistice French spend ings In the United States for thesa sorted supplies totaled $86,500,00: after the armistice, they ran to $190, 000,000. For which, of course, the United States Treasury pald, taking, in exchange, the French promises to pay which now constitute a part of the French debt. Transportation and shipping charges of French purchases in the United States during the months totaled about $155,000,000. Of that sum, about $87,000,000 was spent prior to the armistice and $68,000,000 subse- quent to the armistice. Fifty-four million dollars of Amer- fcan borrowings were spent for French relief work during the 20 months following the armistice; $59- 000,000 prior to the armistice. Those {spendings represented the sums ex pended by the French government out of money borrowed from the United States and were in addition to Amer- ican spendings for relief which in themselves wera considerable. Largest Single Item Explained. The largest single ftem charged against the government of France on the American ledger is put down as “reimbursements.” This {tem amounts |to $1,045,781,623.40. It is purely a bookkeeping charge, made for the convenients of the allies, and is offset by counter credits. The Treasury De- partment thus cxplains it: “The items of reimbursements in- cluded in the statements of expendi- tures consist principally of payments by France and Italy to Great Britain for cereals (of which France ap peared to purchase none in the United States) suga® meats, and munitions, and for neutral freights, and other disbursements made to neutrals, and of payments by Belglum to Great Brit- ain for horses, petrol, oats, flour and certaln relief supplies furnished by Great Britain out of supplies obtained act uslly or constructively from the United States.” The total of these reimbursements debits against all governments on American ledgers during the 42 month period was $1,872,914,608.92 The total credited all governments as reimbursements on the same ledger during the ssme period was $1,572, 914,603.92. It will bo observed that the items balance. Henco this large of all items appearing on the French list of expenditures of American loans in reality was purely & book- keeping arrangement due to @ trans fer among the various allies of del and credits. Borrowed to Pay Interest. As stated in a previous article France paid interest due on Ameri can loans up to May 31, 1919. Sh did this simply by borrowing fron the American Treasury a sum suf- ficient to meet the interest as it be- came due. Her borrowings for that purpose, the record shows, totaled $268,791426 during the 25-month period in which she kept her interest payments up to date. She also bor- rowed $289,744,755 to meet maturing obligation: For silver France spent $6,300,000 in the United States during the 42- month period and for miscellaneous purchases about $41,300,000. The money for all these purchases. lacking about $150,000,000, France ob- tained from our Treasury. None of the money borrowed from the United States was re-lent to French allies py France. That was a policy not in keeping with the American idea of doing business, for America made her loans direct. However, the record shows that be- tween March 1, 1914 and December 31, 1919, or doing the period of the war and’immediately thereafter, France made loans to its allles totaling 7,- 575,000,000 francs, a sum approaching, at the various rates of exchange, §1 000,000,000, Thus while France was borrowing in this country she also was lending in Europe, and while she did not lend the actual dollars bor- rowed from the American Treasurs. those dollars made it possible for her to lend her franos v (Copyright, 1938.) . 1