Evening Star Newspaper, February 18, 1925, Page 2

2 L4 SAND CLOSES DOWN ON COLLINS' GRAVE Final Rites Held Over Man, Who Was Trapped in Kentucky Cavern. By the Associated Pre: CAVE CITY, Ky, February 18— Sand Cave Hill, torn open in the struggle to rescue Floyd Collins from the grip of an underground ' trap, wag slowly closing in agaln today upon his body, without human as- sistance. Unable to release him from the clutch of nature, the volunteers who fought to save him joined his family in brief and simple funeral services at the top of the rescue shaft, and six of his friends fulfilled the legal formalities by announcing his Identity and accidental death. The cement with which it was planned to seal the boulders over his rocky grave, did not come and the sagging of the rescue shaft and its lateral tunnel indicated nature’s in- tention to seal him up forever. The mud and rocks, held back for a few days by heavy timbers in the rescue shaft were settling back upon him. Father Approves Decision. Unwilling that i the brave miners | should risk their lives to recover his body, Lee Collins, his father, agreed to leave him where he lay A prayer, a few hymns, and the ritual for the dead finished the story. Wwhile movie cameras whirred and | “still” pictures by the score were | snapped. _The best efforts of the State of| Kentucky, scores of unselfish work- ers and the sympathy and prayers of thousands had failed. Dr. \\'lll(am, Hazlett of Chicago, the only physi- clan to see him in his 60-foot grave, announced he had been reached at least three days too late. verett Maddox of Central City, Ky, crawled down to wash his face and turn him face upward, and then six of his friends went down one by one into the narrow tomb to identify him for the coroner’s jury, which they composed. The last of these was John Gerald, who- risked his lfe many times in the futile effort to draw Collins out of the natural tun- nel before a rock slide sealed off that channel. Then they came Into Cave City solemnly assembled and judiciali announced their verdict of “death by exposure, caused by being acciden- tally trapped in what is commonly called Sand Cave." This was entered into the record of the State Military Board, which took testimony from all those con- nected with the story, and the drama ended. Within a few hours the workers, the officials, the soldiers, the news- paper men scattered to their homes. The leaders who have risked their own and their comrades’ lives with- out stint, when hope still lived, were unwilling longer to ask for volun- teers when death had won the race Monday afternoon. Twenty-four hours later, these volunteers, with his family, joined in the final tribute to his memory, apd the story of Sand Cave was over. TELLS OF RESCUE WORK. Shaft Crew Leader Describes Ef- forts Made to Save Collins. By the Associated Press, CAVE CITY, Ky, February 18. The leader of the Floyd Collins res- Cue shaft crew, H. T. Carmichdel, gave the coroner’s jury here last night the official picture of the two-week effort, as follows: “I have been.active in the rescue work at Sand Cave since two weeks this last Tuesday. 1t was Monday night before I knew Collins was entombed. 1 se- lected Thomas Smith and sent him with 10 men to Mammoth Cave. “They had been instructed to do whatever they could and to advise me as early as possible of the con- ditions. They reported about 5:30 next morning that the situation was very serious and there was more or | less confusion. “I asked what they needed in the rescue work. They said that I, my- self, was needed. I arrived at Sand Cave at 12 o'clock Tuesday. Informed of Cave Conditions. “I got my first real information from Casey Jones as to conditions in the cave. That information was that there was no special difficulty In reaching Collins, but that he was in a horribly tough squeeze, and that the hole was a small one and par- ticularly tight. “Casey told me he had reached Col- | lins, and fed him. Collins told Casey his ‘feet were caught in a crevice under a rock he guessed to weigh about 40 or 50 pounds. “I understood that Collins said he loosened the rocks. Jones and all of the men had expressed some hope of getting him out. By Tuesday night we were somewhat discouraged. “Everything went very well until Wednesday, during the early hours, February 4. I decided Johnny Gerald was the real man to get Collins out, Thursday morning early I asked Gerald to pick a party to go in. “He told me no sane man would at- tempt to go through the place after he came out that time. “Men did things that all the money in the world would not buy. “Wednesday morning, February 4, a party came out and sald that condi- tions on this side of Collins were very critical, that there was a 10 or 12 foot space with a rotten roof clos- ing every minute. This party went in and gave Collins nourishment. Fail in Effort to Reach Him. “To the best of my knowledge they were not reaching Collins early Thurs- day morning. The work of timbering the tunnel was begun, and we found that it was impossible, as the forma- tion was treacherous and dangerous. “Mr. Anderson, Mr. Ford and Lieut. Wells made . n.rvey for a shaft. I was certain that we would locate Collins at a 65-foot level, and we located a shaft so as to miss him about 10 feet, “We started the shaft Thursday a week ago at about 1:30 o'clock in the afternoon. “I feel that the shaft was the neatest of any other little job I ever saw. I don't believe another set of men in the United States could have done any quicker work, As we went deeper, what seemed to be a slip was more irequent. “When the shaft reached about 45 feet we hit a bunch of muck and loose boulders. At 52 feet loose ma- terlal was falling out so fast that I began to have fears of the shaft pulling in two. “We decided to leave the shaft and drift from the tunnel side of the shaft to a crevice. “Every man working was given to understand that we thought Iloyd Collins was alive. After driving this heading about 10.feet we went on through the shell, and at 12 or 15 feet, when we broke through the limestone ledge, we came point- blank into the original cavern. Tnis was just below the slide 6 or 8 feet above Collins. ‘To take the man from his present position would probably result the death of one or more of the res- cue party. We were determined to efther bring Floyd Collins out of there or to prove to the world that Floyd Collins was in there and tnat it was mot a hoax. I feel that w. have definitely established that fact!® Wins House Seat I RS, AN CHOSEN NENBER OF OLSE Widow of Late California Representative Elected to His Seat. By the Associated Press. SAN FRANCISCO, February 18.— Mrs. Florence Prag Kahn, Republi- can, widow of Representative Julius Kahn, was elected as her husband's successor from the fourth district of this city yesterday. rs. Kahn won by a margin of 0 votes over her mnearest com- petitor, Raymond D. Burr. Her total vote was 12,276. The vote was very light, as only 28 out of a possible 109,000 votes were cast. Mrs. Kahn is the second San Fran- cisco woman to be elected to her hus- band's place in Congress, Mrs. Mae Nolan having been elected to serve her husband’'s unexpired term when he died while in office. Mrs. Nolan did not seek re-election last Fall. Gratified by Victory. In commenting upon her election, Mrs. Kahn said: “I am more than gratified and pleased at my election, and I only wish that I could thank every voter personally for the sup- port’ given me. I wish to reiterate my previous promise to carry out the policies and ideals of my husband during his long term in Congress.” Congresswoman Kahn has no fads or hobbies, she told the Asso- ciated Press after she had received word of her election. “I have always been too busy to have a fad or a hobby,” she sald “Nor do I believe in all this ‘mother- hood, feminist blah’ when a woman enters politics. I shall try to do each day the little dutles that arise just as any woman would in her home or a man in his home or office, or as either a man or a woman should when elected to public office. 1 shall try to do my work as Congresswoman with ordinary common sense.” Mrs. Kahn ran as an independent, as did all the candidates at the spe- clal election. Normally she will fon- cede allegiance to the Republican party. Her husband was nominated at the last election by both Republi- cans and Democrats. He was a mem- ber of every Congress since the Fifty-fifth, except the Fifty-eighth. EVOLUTION BILL UP. HOUSE I STORMED Carolina Legislature Forced to Adjourn When ‘Debate Draws Throng. Is By the Associated Press. RALEIGH, N. C., February 18— Determined that the experience of last night when the North Carolina House was forced to adjourn because spectators crowded the floor and pre- vented debate on the Poole anti-evo- lutfon bill should not be repeated, the floor of the lower assembly was cleared today 20 minutes before the session opened, Even with no guarantees of hearing the debate which would have been staged last night had it been possible for the House to proceed, there was a large crowd of spectators on hand at the opening hour today, hoping that the Poole measure, which would pro- hibit the teaching of the theory of evolution in State schools, would come up. Powerless Before Stampede. A stampede 'of spectators which sergeant-at-arms was powerless to move last night, prevented considera- tion of the bill. There was talk of calling for police protection to clear the aisles 8o that members could get in, when adjournment was carried. Included in the mass of humanity that packed the entrances to the House of Representatives, were red-capped freshmen and other students of North Carolina State College; women, ask- ing to be allowed to pass; members, pushing their way toward the doors and begging to be admitted, and hun- dreds of Raleigh citizens. The report that Willlam J. Bryan was to speak brought a delegation from Wake Forest College, a Baptist institution, and others were present from surrounding towns. YEAR FOR MAIL THEFTS. Woman Formerly Employed in ‘W. Va. Post Office Sentenced. Special Dispatch to The Star. CUMBERLAND, Md, February 18. —Mrs. Elsle Anderson of Sines, Gar- rett County, Md., former assistant in the post office at Silicia, W. Va., who pleaded guilty in United States Court of stealing $2,200 post office funds, was sentenced to one year In the Essex Penitentlary, Caldwell, N. J., by Judge W. E. Baker at Parkers- burg. She was arrested at Sines upon her return from California and wai kept in jail here for several week: previous to her trial. She sent out money orders for large sums and charged the Silica post office with small amounts, keeping the differ- ence. She is a young widow: - THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, SUPERBROADCAS SYSTEM PROPOSED A. T. and T. Heads Outline Plan to Link Stations in 18 Cities. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, February 18.—An eventual linking into a permanent hook-up by telephone of stations in 18 cities for simultaneous broadcast- ing of programs furnished by station WEAF of New York is contained in a plan for a supersystem of radio broadeasting announced by'the Amer- ican Telephone and Telegraph Co. The new project provides that the connection be available every night from 8 to 11 o'clock. Long-distance telephone lines will be used for the transmission of the programs, John A. Holman, broad- casting manager of the telephone company, sald yesterday. Vhen this project is completed,” he said, “a speaker can project his personality in one breath to the fire- sides and Into the heart of 12,500,000 people.” He added that radio fans are turn- ing from jazz to better music as the most popular feature of radio pro- grams. The stations now under contract to participate in the new project, he said, included: WCAP, Washington; WJAR, Providence; WEEI, Boston: WDBH, Worcester; WFI and WOO, Philadelphia; WCAE, Pittsburgh; WGR, Buffalo; WWJ, Detroit; WCCO, Minneapolis; WOC, Davenport, Iow WTIC, Hartford, and WEAR, Clev. land. “It is not our purpose,” Mr. Holman explained, “that the 18 stations should take our whole program from 8 to 11 every night. We do not believe that would be a good thing, because it would tend to destroy the identity of local sta- tions. They should preserve their in- dividuality and offer features adaptable to their own localities and perhaps no- Where else, which we could not supply them. “In the enlarged hook-up broadcast- ing those who pay for the good-will pub- licity broadcasting will be quoted a rate in proportion to the number of stations they wish to use, and the stations broad- casting such a program will be paid a Pro rata share of the receipts. On the other hand, stations taking portions of our sustaining program will be charged pro rata.” An official of the telephone company sald the Western boundary for the new service is set at Minneapolis and St. Paul and Davenport, while farther Southward the scheme can be worked as far West as Dallas and Fort Worth, Tex., where negotiations with addi- tional stations now are underway. It was pointed out that the use of the telephone lines for radio programs during periods of slackness in tele- phone traffic automatically limited the broadcasting project, especially as the peak load period in the East is different from that of the West. Atlanta, Ga., would be the Southern boundary of the link-up on the East- ern coast. Cities besides Fort Worth, Dallas and Atlanta for which negotiations are still underway for the hook-up are Chicago, Kansas City and St. Louis. Fort Worth and Dallas sta- tions would operate on a split basis, as would stations WOO and WFI in Philadelphia. WALSH PROPOSES ABOLITION OF BOTH BATHING BEACHES (Continued from First Page.) the District appropriation bill, with all committee amendments approved ex- cept one providing $6,000 for the up- keep of a bathing beach for colored residents at the foot of Seventeenth street northwest, had been reported from the committee of the whole to the Senate. The bill was laid aside at the re- quest of Senator Phipps of Colorado, in charge- of the measure, because Senator Robinson of Arkansas, Demo- cratic leader, said there were Sena- tors absent who wished to discuss the amendment and that a record vote be taken on it. Senator Walsh of Mon- tana, earlier in the day had called attention to the project for the bath- ing beach at the foot of Seventeenth street, and criticized it. Amendments Rushed. The amendments of the Senate ap- propriation committee, adding $2,000,- 000 to the federal contribution to the upkeep of the District over the $9,000,000 allowed by the House bill, and increasing the total appropria- tion by about $660,000, were approved by the Senate without debate, and without opposition. Consideration of the bill was begun yesterday after- noon, but was halted by speeches on immigration and Muscle Shoals and traffic regulation in the District. When the Senate resumed its session last night, the Senate put through the amendments in rapld succession, with the exception of that for the colored bathing beach. In objecting to consideration of the amendment for the colored bathing beach, Sen- ator Robinson indicated there might be offered an amendment to strike out the appropriation also for the white bathing beach on the east side of the basin. Senate committee amendments adopted last night include those striking out section 7 of the House bill, which would compel the submis- sion of estimates for the fiscal year 1927 on the basis of a $9,000,000 Fed- eral contribution by the Federal Gov- ernment and eliminating the provision for four Police Court judges, as pro- vided in the House bill. Attacks Poor Lighting. Senator Edge of New Jersey ques- tioned Senator Phipps about the items for street lighting in. the District. He declared that Washington was the poorest lighted city in the country and that many of the traflic accidents were due to the poor lighting. He said: ¢ “I do met_know of any city in the country, so far as my personal ex- perience is concerned, - where the lighting is as ineffective as it is in Washington. At this time on most of the residential = streets 'old-fash- foned incandescent gas lights - ate used exclusively. There will be' found in the business sections of the city electric lights, and in some parts of the residential sections, there are electric lights. If we are to have any successful results —under the trafic législation that’ we ‘are ‘ens deavoring to pass, we must have bet- ter lighting in the city. Riding down the streets of Washington after dark, one cannot help realizing that at every intersecting street there is the same type of light that is to be found between the intersections, making it practically impossible, unless one happens to be Intimately acquainted with the topography of the city, to realize when he is at or approaching & street ‘intersection. The lights dim; the globes in most coated globes. I am sure that every member of the Senate will recognize the fact that casualties through mo- tor accldents oceur to some extent or are attributable to the very Ineffec- tive lighting system in vogue in the city. . : . “Thers is not-any large city, certalaly { every point of the compass were used BOY VIOLIN MAKER WITH “STRAD” TENDENCY HONORED BY SCHOOL Fame and Fortune Loom For Central High Lad. Instrument of 73 Parts Made in Class Wood- shop by Eddie Davis. Central High School paused in the midst of its educational pursuits to- day to honor a boy with a hobby which school officials belleve some day may link his name with that of Stradivarius, the world-renowned maker of violins, It was a unique celebration among those which have been held at Cen- tral. And Eddle Davis, a fifth-sem- ester student, held the center of the stage, because he has successfully developed a hobby for making violins that experts have pronounced re- markable in tone = and quality. Strangely enough, the boy cannot play a note on the Instruments he makes. Eddie’s hobby for making violins was born about 13 months ago, when one of his classmates in Centraj's woodshop doubted his ability to turn out & violin that would actually play. Since that time the boy, working at school and at home, has made and as- sembled four violins, two of which experts estimate will bring $1,000 each in two years, after age and usage enhance their value. One Is of the shallow-bellied “Strad” type, the other a deep-bellied Amati. All Parts Made By Him. Every one of the 73 parts which go into the construction of a violin was made by the young violin maker, who has not yet reached his 17th birthday. When his inabllity to purchase in Washington tools small enough to scoop out the bellies of the frail in- struments threatened to halt his work, Eddie made them himself {n Central's shops. Among the tools he has been forced to make Is a plane not more than % an inch long with a blade % of an inch wide. Samuel Wood »f Central's music de- partment introduced Eddle to the large student body of 3,200 boys and girls, and proceeded to explain why the school had stopped to pay such an Balloon Is Landed At Pilots’ Will in 260-Mile Flight WindCurrents Are Proved Submissive to Navy Air- men’s Skill. By skillful piloting, which showed a thorough study of the prevailing air currents, naval aeronauts at Lake- hurst, N. several days ago were able to gulde a free balloon over a course of approximately 260 miles and land It in virtually the same spot from which it went aloft, according to a report made public today by the Navy Department. When the pilot wanted the balloon to go in a par- ticular direction he allowed it to get up to the air current moving in that direction, or lowering it by “valving” gas to reach another current. During the flight, winds from nearly to enable the pilot to accomplish this unusual feat. The course was ap- proximately 65 miles on each side of a square, - This flight, which took about eight hours, was made with student aviation officers as passengers. This type of craft Is used to train naval officers in the fundamentals of traveling in lighter-than-air craft, as a prelimin- ary to work on the two large rigid alrships, the Los Angeles and Shen- andoah. By the use of free balloons the officers obtain a first-hand ac- quaintance With the characteristics of wind and temperature as affecting lighter-than-air craft, and become familiar with the effect of releasing gas and dropping ballast. These two methods of ascending and descending are employed in the large airships with the same effects as with a free balloon. MAGNET CAUSES ATOMS IN IRON TO EMIT “SIGH” Savant Says Sound Is Detected by Use of Very Sensitive Amplifier. By the Associated Press. AMHERST, Mass.,, February 18.— A sound resembling a human sigh is produced when the atoms of iron are stirred by a magnet placed near the metal, Prof. S. R Willlams of Am- herst College announced today. The sound, he said, was detected by a very sensitive amplifier used in a series of experiments aiming to co- relate the changes of the length of steel when it is magnetized and the noise produced by magnetization. The application of the principle of amplification to the study of magnet- jzation has been made since the war, Prof. Willlams said. An apparatus consisting of two terminals planted in the earth was used by belligerents during the war to catch telephone conversation of the enemy. Fi S 14 Ppeumonia Kills Midshipman. ANNAPOLIS, Md, February 18— Cecil B. Cole, 20, member of the fourth class of midshipmen at the Naval Academy, died at the Naval Hospital here today of pneumonia. He was for- merly a member of the enlisted per- sonnel of the Marine Corps, and w. appointed to the academy by the Sec- | retary of the Navy from New York State, Burlal will be in the naval cemetery here tomorrow. in the congested sections of a city, where & stroet intersection does not have some different type of light, a red globe, per- haps, or something out of the ordinary to indicate that it is a street intersec- tion. In this city the etreet intersections are lighted just the same as the middle of the blocks. All the lights taken to- gether furnish very poor light. “When we are considering the very vital question of traffic regulations we should serjously consider as well the lighting system. I am simply taking thie occasion to draw the attention of the committee on appropriations particular- Jy and of the Senate generally to the fact that until a proper lighting system is installed or the present one materially improved, and some effort made to designate street intersections to enable drivers to know that cross etreets are being approached and the lighting sys- tem made somewhat in conformity with the traffic congestion of a city of this size, we shall never have in the City of regulations. Senator Phipps called attention to the fact thet there had been a steady in- crease in the appropriations for lighting the streets since 1915, when the sum al- lowed was $415,000, up to the amount allowed in the mmmn. $590,000. He said that the House been responsi- ble in large part for keeping down these appropriations. He said also that the present: bill contains $35,000 for improv- ing and changing the type of lamps now in use, and that. Congress had been ap- propriating $20,000 a year in the past for this purpose. EDWARD DAVIS Ris violin. unusual tribute to one of its students. Mr. Wood described the boy as a genfus and pointed out that he had learned the mastery of tools in the school’s own woodshop. To the student body Mr. Wood ex- hibited the 72 handmade parts that went into Eddie's first violln, stress- Ing the tedious and difficult opera- tions necessary in the manufa-ture of a first-class instrument of its kind. The back of the violin, he ex- plained, was made of imported Ty- rolean maple and the front of spruce. . Prospect for Fame. Mr. Wood announced that Eddie had planned to sell the best products of his handicraft, and urged the school to find some way to purchase the first violin he made, if the boy cared to dispose of it, and preserve it for posterity, predicting that some day he would become famous if he continued to make violins. As a finale to the celebration, Miss Mildred Hoover played several se- lections on one of Eddie's violins to demonstrate iis tone quality, accom- panied on the plano by Mr. Wood. The student body shouted its fami iar reck with -three “Eddie; on the end. BREARFAST ST GOSSPINSEMATE Robinson and Caraway Deny Visit to Coolidge Related to Warren. An air of mystery which had been imposed around a White House breakfast yesterday, at which the two Democratic Senators from Arkansas were guests of President Coolidge, started a train of gossip and specu- lation today in Senate cloakrooms. Senator Robinson, Democratic floor leader, used some vigorous language in denying a widely circulated report that his presence at the White House board had to do with the nomination of Charles B. Warren to be Attorney General, which is held up in the ju- diclary committee by Democratic-in- surgent opposition. So far as the visit was at all concerned with pub- lic affairs, he said, it related to a pending bill affecting the places in which Federal court is held in Arkan- eas. His Arkansas colleague, Senator Caraway, who is a member of the judiciary committee, joined him in denying that the Warren nomination had been mentioned directly or indi- rectly. So quietly was the breakfast con- ference held that many Senators did not hear of it until today. White House officlals, even after the story. had been passed generally about the Capital, refused to confirm that such a breakfast had taken place. ARLINGTON BRIDGE BILL BEFORE HOUSE MEETS OPPOSITION (Continued from First Page.) Arlington Cemetery on the Highway Bridge and at both ends of the Key Bridge. This condition will rapidly grow worse, on account of the enormous increase in the number of visitors com- ing to Washington by automobile as a result of the completion of the Lee highway and other highway projects under the Federal aid system, to say nothing of the growth of the suburban population of the city. * It was also emphasized that conse- quent to the building of this bridge there will be developed a magnificient thoroughfare along the Mall leading from the Capitol to the Nation's shrine at Arlington which will relieve much of the traffic congestion on Pennsylvania avenue, and especially at_such points as Fifteenth street. When the bill was first called up Representative Blanton of Texas raised the question that the commit- tee on public bulldings and grounds did not have proper jurisdistion. The first indications of the attitude of the House on this measure was shown in the vote of 151 to 58 against Mr. Blanton’s point of order. Speakers For and Against. Among those who spoke in favor of the measure were Representatives Elliott of Indiana, Montague of Vir- ginia, Cramton of Michigan, Moore of Virginia and Almon of Alabama. Among_those who spoke against it were Representatives Lanham of Texas, Byrns of Tennessee, Johnson of Kentucky and Howard of Okla- homa. Representative Montague spoke on the great relief to traffic that this memorial structure would afford and of the proper approach it would give for ceremonies at the nation’ Arlington Cemetery. Repre: Moore discussed two phases of this legislation. He stressed that the traffic to Arlington Cemetery on e: traordinary occasions cannot be a commodated by the existing bridges while the ordinary traffic between Washington and Virginia can be com- fortably accommodated. Therefore, he argued, this bridge is needed for Na- tional ceremonies rather than to ac- commodate local needs. He brushed aside the question of economy by pointing out forcefully that the President of the United States, who more than any other in- dividual personifies the spirit of economy, has unhesitatingly recom- mended construction of this bridge. Representative Almon declared that this is not a local impyovement, but = national memorial utilitarian and one of which all the ple of the country will feel justly proud. A bill favoring woman suffrage in munictpal - elections is to be intro- duced in the French Chamber of Deputies., . and railroads. 1925. D. . PORT SURVEY BY WEEKS FAVORED Senate Committee Would Au- thorize Estimate of Cost of Enlarging Facilities. Survey of the port and:navigation facilities of Washington -is provided for in an améndment to the rivers and harbors appropriation bill re- ported favorably by the Senate com- merce committee. The amendment direcys the Secretary of War to make a preliminary examination of the waterfront on the north side of Wash- ington chansel. . The purpose of this survey is to prepare ‘plans and estimates of cost for the construction of adequate terminals which will provide facilities for water transportation and the in- terchange of traffic between vessels The plans also con- template full commercial use of the saterfront and approaches. Senator Jones of Washington, chair- man of ' the Commerce committee, favors the amendment. He indicated .that it would not be possible to esti- mate the development along the water front that may be expected until after the War Department has submitted its report. - It may result, however, in much Increased business facilities and also in the further beautification of the water front of the Capital. Bullding Mny Be Remodeled. The committee also included in the bill an amendment for remodeling the National Research building, at Nineteenth and B streets northwest, for an office for the District engineer of the War Department. The total authorizations for proj- ects and surveys carried in the bill as reported to the Senate amount to $41,738,130. This is about $2,000,000 more than authorized in the House bill, although a number of items ap- proved my that chamber and pro- posals brought forward by Senators were reduced considerably to bring the total of authorizations as close as posaible to the $40,000,000 limit set by President Coolidge. The committee approved provisiors for important links In the inland waterways from Maine to Texas, in- cluding the Louisiana and Texas In- tercoastal Waterway, for which § 000,000 would be appropriated; ex- penditure of $6,509,000 for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbor proj- ect, and $275,000 for a survey of the St. Lawrence waterway project by “n agency to be designated by Presi- dent Coolidge. & y Surveys Ordered. More than 200 surveys were au- thorized, including that of the deeper waterway from the Great Lakes to the Hudson; the Great Lakes water- way from Duluth to Buffalo; the Colorado River in Wyoming, Colo- rado, Arizona, New Mexico and Cali- fornia, to determine the stream'’s value for navigation before its wa- ters can be diverted for domestic uses in the Los Angeles basin. Of the 200 surveys, 50 were added by the Senate committee, including 18 in Florida. An authorization for $500,000 for a survey of the potential waterpower on the navigable streams of the country, approved by the House, was eliminated by the Senate committee on the ground that the amount would not cover the cost of such an under- taking. In its place a request was incorporated that the Secretary of War provide an estimate of the cost of such a national survey. Acting on recommendations of the President, sthe committee also cut from the bill- provisions that exist- ing projects on the Mississippi, Mis- souri and Ohio Rivers be completed within five years. The Executive's objection to this provision based on his desire not to commit the bud- ®et authoritles to extended programs. 47 IN LAND OFFIGE DEPRIVED OF 10BS 36 “Surplus” Employes Fur- loughed Without Pay and 11 Are Retired. Separation of 47 employes of the | General Land Office from the govern- | ment service was annuonced today by Secretray of the Interior Work. Thirty-six “surplus” employes were furloughed without pay effective March 1, while 11 other surplus em- ployes have been retired. A reduc- tion in the force of the General Land Office is being made, Secretary Work explained, in aceordance with the policy of the Interior Department to get the daily work out promptly with the minimum number of employes nece: ry and to keep the expendi- tures within the appropriations made by Congress. The General Land Of- fice appropriation for the fiscal year, 1926, is approximately $617,000 lower than that for 1925. Secretary Work’s Statement. The Interior Secretary explained that of the total of 47 employes dis- continued, 11 have been retired un- der the retirement act, and 36 will be placed on March 1 in a non-pay status until July 1, so that as many of them as possible may be recalled to duty in case any vacancies occur before that date in the General Land Office. Mr. Work made it plain that the: employes do not lost their civil serv- ice status and are eligible for recall or transfer to other departments. The decraase in personnel an- nounced today came about as a Te- sult of a survey inaugurated by Sec- retary Work several weeks ago for the purpose of co-ordinating the ac- tivities of the General Land Office, abolishing the non-essential work of its various divisions, and making the necessary changes in office methods and sonnel. The survey is not yet completed. Falling off in the public land busi- ness of the Government was ascribed by the Interior Department teday to the fact that virtually all the fertile ‘public lands have already been home- steaded, and most of the remaining lands are not susceptible of cuitiva- tion or capable of producing a liveli- hood for a family. .. Statistical Showing Cited. Statistics just compiled show that stock-raising entries over the “last five years have decreased more than 60 per cent, while original home- stead entries on the public domain have decreased even a little more in the last four years. Disposition of isolated tracts of land belonging to the Government by public auction during the last five years also has diminished, the In- terior Department sald, indicating that the amount of public land that may be offered through public. sales to the highest bidders is gradually disappearing. While in 1920 the Gen- eral: Land Office conducted 2,339 pub- lic auctions, in 1924 the number had fallen to 423. Auction sales on aban- doned military reservations last year reached the lowest figure in the his- tory of the Gemeral Land Office. ( Egg Shells Used As Hat Trimming In Latest Models By the Associated Press. LONDON, February 18.—Modistes have found use for ordinary egs shells. They make effective trim- mings for the new Spring hats. The shells are broken into various shapes, and are stuck on the crown in designs and sometimes in_colors. {Egg shell hats are expected to be very popular at Easter time. TENANTS TOPLEAD FOR RENT MEASURE Federal Employes Will Join in Asking Coolidge to Insist on Passage. In a final effort to obtaln action by Congress on the pending rent control bill for the District of Columbia, the local Tenants' League and Federal Employes’ Union, No. 2, of the Fed- eration of Federal Employes, are planning to make a joint appeal to President Coolidge to use all possi- ble pressure to effect the passage of’ the measure. Mrs. Henry C. Brown, secretary of the Tenants' League, and George Warren, representing Federal Em- ployes’ Union, No. 2, will make an appeal to the President, either in per- son or by petition. They will present to him data relating to the conditions which may exist fn Washington in the event rent legislation is not con- tinued. E. H. Schirmer, president of the Tenants’ League, today declared that wholesale evictions will take place in the city as soon as the present Rent Commission goes out of existence on May 22. The legislation pending in Congress is necessary for the pro- tection of thousands of Government emplozes, particularly woman workers, who have resisted efforts on the part of landlords to increase their rentals, he contends. Evictions to Be Listed. The statement from the Tenants' League will summarize evictions al- leged to have taken place within the last few months and the evictions which, it is alleged, have been threat- ened by landlords and are believed almost certain to be accomplished as soon as rent legislation expires by statutory limitation. President Coolidge, while known to be anxfous for some form of rent con- trol legislation, has not summoned any Congress leaders to the White House to discuss the matter with him this week in an eleventh-hour effort to get through this measure. At least Representative Snell of New York, chairman of the House rules com- mittee and one of the Republican leaders of that body, who was in con- ference with the President today, knows of no such summons from the White House. He sald his conference with the President had nothing to do with rent legislation, and he is of the opinion of other leaders, who have been at the White House recently, that rent con- trol legislation, at this session, seems to be doomed. He intimated that the President has been fairly well im- pressed with this fact, and has been given to understand that it is useless to further press this matter. Representative Snell said his talk with the President today was con- fined to agricultural legislation, which tops the list of the President’s preferred legislation. He assured the latter that the Haugen bill, which seems to meet with general approval, will be passed probably tomorrow or Friday. He held out-no hope for the President's departmental reor- ganization legislation. Because of the radical changes in the organization of the Federal departments provided in this measure, it could not be acted upon except after long debate. President Coolidge's views on taxation will be set forth at consid- erable length in an address he will make tomorrow night at the open- ing session of a national conference on inheritance and estate taxation under the auspices of the National | Tax Association. |VEHICLE ADVERTISING LAW TO BE TESTED Riding Academy Proprietor to Act Upon Jockey’s Arrest in Police Court. Carl H. Thoner, proprietor of the Washington Riding Academy, will test, in Police Court tomorrow, the legality of the police regulation which went into effect January 19, prohibiting the use of vehicles solely for advertising purposes, as a result of the arrest today of Perry Porter, colored, one of the academy's jockeys, who was driving a horse attached to a sulky at Twelfth street and Penn- sylvania avenue. A sign on the sulky giving the name and address of the riding academy, together with the price charged for rental of riding horses, caused the arrest of the jockey. Mr. Thoner main- tains that the sulky s not used for advertising purposes, but to exercise his horses. The new police regula- tion, he said, permits advertising mat- ter to be used on vehicles while they are engaged in business. A RO, RESERVATIONS PLANNED FOR LAUSANNE TREATY Senate Foreign Relations Commit- tee” Defers Action on Pact ‘With Turkey: The Lausanne treaty for the re-es- tablishment of diplomatic relations with Turkey was considered for a third time today by the Senate for- eign relations committee, but action again was deferred. Chairman Borah predicted that the committee would attach reservations similar to those to the German com- mercial treaty, recently ratified. They would leave the way open for preferential tariffs on goods carried in American ships and for freedom of action in restriction of immigration. MARTINO SAILS FOR U. S. el NAPLES, February 18.—Giacomo de Martino, the new Itallan Ambassador to the United States, today boarded the steamer Conte Verde for New York. Signor de Martino paid a farewell visit yesterday in Rome to American Ambassador Fletcher, who, together with a number of prominent Ameri- can and Italian personages, accom- panied him to the raflway station. The new Italian envoy expressed great satisfaction at having been chosen to represent his country in the United States and declared that he was a great admirer of the American spirit and genius, USE PRIZE AWARDS TOSTAYIN SCHOOLS Oratory Contest Winners Last Year Have All Gone to Higher Institutions. All of the seven finalists in 1924 National Oratorial Contest using the awards which they secured to complete their education. In every case but ona they are going to college in the vicinity in which they were reared, instead of going to distant States for their higher training. Don Tyler of Los Angeles, na- tional champion for 1924, and win- ner, in the aggre- gate, of $4,300 in cash awards in the course of the contest, is at- tending Occidental College, in Los Angeles. of Washington, who won second place, is attending George Washington University. John Mortimer Dallam, 3rd, of Philadelphia, who won third place in national finals last year is in Swarthmore, near Philadelphia. Jack Turner of mingham, southern champlon, is the University of Alabama. Vail Barnes of New York is attending Columbia University. George Chu- mos of Topeka, Kans., is at the Uni- versity of Kansas. Bleancr Huber of Louisville, Ky., who, though placed last in this discussion of nationa finalists, tied for second place on 1 first ballot, is at Vassar College tha are Ruth Newburn Don Tyler's Interet. Don Tyler, when asked to tel the benefit of pupils now ente the 1925, how he became interes in the contest, what it meant to him and the actual method which he fol- lowed in preparing his oration, wired the national headquarters as follows “The fact that there is popular de mand for the repetition of the N tional Oratorial Contest certai ows that succ begets success The 1923 contest, which was lo in Southern California and was sponsored by the Los An Times did not, right at the out arouss a great deal of interest in my par- ticular school, but as the moved along the enthusiasm moun steadily and I was among those wh gretted not having pasticipated “When the contest was first ar nounced for 1924 upon a national sca our principal asked the winner of the previous local contest to address our student body. As I listened to his stirring account of what his experi- ence had meant to him I resolved that T would lay aside other special activities and devote my time tensively to preparation for this con- test. “The plan which I followed simple enough, 1 talked first w our school representative of the pre- vious vear, with the winuer of th southern California contest and witl English and history teachers. I ne utilized to the utmost the bibliography and the suggestions which had been offered as part of the contest ma- terial. “As I began to get into the subject the idea became bigger and bi The theme became a warm, pul thing of life, and the lives of thc founders of our country took on a new significance. It was this realiza- tion of the humanness of the Consti- tution, and its great strength as bulwark of our Republic that ! meant just as much to me as the of victory or the substantial re: received.” PULLMAN CHARGE RAPPED AT HEARING .Head of Commercial Travelers’ Body Declares Railroads’ System Is Unfair. i The House commerce committee, beginning hearings today on the ques- tion of pullman surcharges, was told by D. K. Clink_of the International Federation of Commercial Travelers Associations that inasmuch as the railroads pay nothing for building and maintaining Pullman cars, the: should not charge the public for oc- cupying them. He contended the surcharge could be removed and still leave millions in excess railroad earnings subject to recapture by the Treasury under the transportation act Arthur M. Loeb of New York, former counsel for the National Council of Traveling Salesmen's As- sociation, contended that the T roads can haul Pullman cars cheaper than day coaches. The imposition of the surcharge on Pullman travel he said, had resulted in a drop in patrons and revenue. CITY’S P. 0. RECEIPTS $4,712,418 IN 1924 Washington Ranks 17th in Point of Revenue Among Municipalities of the Country. The National Capital ranks seven teenth among the cities in the United States in postal revenues, First Assistant Postmaster General Bartlett told members of the Wash- Iington Chamber of Commerce at a meeting of that organization last night. Not only does Washington produce a great amount of revenue, but if the Government mail was franked the local post office easily would be placed in a class paying an $8,000 salary to Its postmaster, he said. Re- celpts in Washington during 1924 were $4,712,418, showing an increase of more than $1.000,000 within the last few years, Mr. Bartlett pointed out. He explained that there 1,400 employes in the local office, 34 classified postal stations, 34 contrac stations and 124 motor vehicles em- ployed. Mr. Bartlett in speaking of the na- tional service sald there are now 358,000 employes in all parts of the country and that the total number of pieces of mail handled in a year is estimated at 22,500,000,000. The num- ber of pleces of parcel post is esti- mated at 1,000,000,000. He disclosed that there is an average of 1,500,000 pleces- of mail per hour committed to the postal service to handle. Mr. Bartlett explained that the uneven- ness of the mail deposits makes it a very difficult business to handle. South American women enjoy far Jess freedom than their sisters in the North. In most of the countries of the Southern continent it is an un- heard-of thing for a woman to go alone to the theater or upon the street after nightfall - ‘ (