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THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editlon. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.......January 23, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busioess Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvanta Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42ud 8t. Chicage Oflce: Tower Bulldiog European Ofice: 16 Regeat St.,London, Bugl The Eveain wdition, Star, with the Hunday moral in delivered by carrlers within t city at 60 cents per month; dally only, 48 cents per_month: Sunday only. 20 cents per month.” Onders may be sent by mall or teie- phone Maln 5000. Collection {s made by ear- ¥ers at the ead of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..] yr..$8.40: 1 mo., T0c Daily only .1yr., $6.00; 1 mo., Sunday only ‘1yr, $2.40; 1mo, All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr,, $10.00: 1 mo. Datly only.. 0: 1 mo. Bunday oniy $3.00; 1 mo, Member of the Associated Pres: The Associated Press ls exclusively estitied 0 the ‘use for repydlieation of all mews dis. yatchey credited fo (¢ or Dot otherwise credited this paper and aleo the locsl Bewn pub- Jisned “herein. " ALl “righta of publication of special dispatehes hereln are aleo reserved. The Issue at Geneva. With the American and the British @elegations deadlocked, the effort to solve the world's opium problem at Geneva seemed, Wednesday morning, destined to bear little if any fruit. Then the Swedish delegation came for- ward with a proposal to adjourn the conference until Saturday while a commission made a last attempt to reconcile the British and American potnts of view. The proposal was ac- cepted. The American program, bolled down %o its essentials, cantemplates two main planks, to the end that oplum, £ave as a medicinal or sclentific agent, may be done away with, The first «<alls for & world-wide control of the production of opium, so {hat there may be mnone avallable for non-scientific consumption. The second calls for world-wide suppression of the opium- emolking habit through a progressive reduction of the annual importation ot oplum by each country represented at the conference. Opposition to the American plan has developed chiefly in the British dele- gation, which has been supported in sts position by the French, the Dutch end the Portuguese groups. It is based upon the contention that the British government cannot pledge itselt to the suppression of a vice when it knows beforehand that, be- cause of the uncontrollable illicit pro- duction of opium in China, such sup- pression cannot be achieved; and that the American plan is in certain of its yamifications an unwarranted interfer- ence in the individual colonial prob- lems of nations with colonies in the East, in that, while it is proper for the conterence to deal with the problem of international traffic in oplum, the problem of what India-grown opium shall be consumed in India 1s one to be solved by India and the British government. 1t should be noted, as one contem- plates the chances for a fruitful out- come at the conference, that the clash between the British and the American delegations arose over but one of the two principal American planks—that dealing with oplum-smoking. The British Insist that the process of sup- pressing opium-smoking progressively over a period of 15 years shall only be fnaugurated when a eommission ap- pointed by the conference shall an- nounce that China is sufficlently in control of Chinese opium to prevent smuggling in the drug. The Ameri- cans insist that the 15-year period should be started at once and that the problem of Chinese oplum-smug- sling should be dealt with while the process of international suppression-of oplum-smoking s being put into ef- fect. The other plank of the American program—the plank = which would Jimit the production of opium to the amount required for scientific pur- poses—has not as yet been touched by the conference. It still lies in the hands of a significantly silent com- ittee. And it is charged with in- initely greater possibilities for discord #han the opium-smoking plank, in that st involves what its opponents claim to be an invasion of the rights of & na- ion to solve its own colonial problems. The opium-smoking plank inspired ‘British opposition largely as a matter of academic doubts as to its practi- cality, for opium is not smoked in India, but eaten. The opium-produc- tlon plank, when it comes from com- nittee, will, from every indication, meet with even stiffer challenge. It is earnestly torbe hoped that the acrimony of the recent discussions may be forgotten when the delega- tions mecet again tomorrow. For ¢ the problem Is to be solved at all, and solved it should be, it will only be through paticnt, earnest, effort, ——————————— There is aristocracy even among ®ivalves. The Chesapeake oyster ab- golutely refuses to associate with the typhoid germ. ——ratt———— A dinner at the White House just maw does not necessarily mean an oe- casion of idle recreation. ———— The Future of- Austria. A Berlin dispatch to the New York TeraldTribune says emissaries of the Austrian goyernment are now in Ber- lin negotiating with political leaders there on a plan looking to the incor- yoration of Austria in the German ccanomic, indystrial and financial sys- %em. In other words, to make dystria & part of the imperial German repub- Jic in all respects except actual terri- sorfal and political amalgamation, “which is prohibited by the treaty of fersallles. Such a program is bound to arouse ktrong opposition in ¥rance and umong those continental powers which ere sympathetic with the French view- point, but it is difficult to see what steps could be taken to prevent such # union. That Austria should such assoctation is the inevitable con- wiequence of the redrawing of the map 50c | of Europe without regard to econom: ical considerations. No national boun- darfes can be enduring which are de- termined solely upon sentiment or palitical expediency, nor are raclal as- pirations an adequate foundation for stable geography. A nation and a peo- ple must first have the means of sus- taining lite, and in the long run the necessity of such means of life will outweigh all other considerations. The treaty of Versallles made of Austria an economic impossibility, and so long as it remains in this condition it con- stitutes 2 menace both to the peace and the prosperity of Europe. It is easy and not overly hecoming at this day and distance to criticlze the mistakes of those who framed the treaties of peace, but because mistakes wers made in an abnormal time is not a good reason why they should not be corrected when their hurtfulness been disclosed. Europe now knows that a lot of boundary lineg were mis- takenly drawn, that in thls complex age in which we Ilive it requires something more than racial likeness and aspirations to constitute a nation. Victor nations, as well as those which were vanquished, suffer now and will continue to suffer because of these mistakes, and it is likely the process of thelr correction will be a slow apd painful one. one can fairly blame Austria for seeking self- preservation through non-political as- sociation with Germany, and it may be that no one can fairly blame France for objecting to such assoclation, for the peril” is a very real thing in the life of the French people. It {s only another impressive lesson that all who engage in war must en- dure its miseries, regurdless of battle dectstons. “German Civil War Fort Parkway. The Senate has passed a bill author- izing the District Commissioners to make a survey and prepare plans for a parkway to connect the Civil War forts and fort sites in the District. It should be recalled to newer Washing- tonians that the Clvil War defenses of Washington north and east of the Potomac River extended from the tip of the ridge opposite Alexandria north. east along the ridge paralleling the Eastern Branch to Benning, then from Reform School Helghts west of the Bastern Branch and northwest to Fort Stevens at Brightwood, and then west to the Potomac River at Chain Bridge end the recelving reservoir, Several of the forts in the hills above the reservoir were in Maryland. South and west of the Potomac, irf Virginia, there was also a chain of defenses. The defenses of Washington were earth forts, heavily armed and gen- erally well manned. These, with smaller earthworks called batteries, which in some cases were armed and manned and in other cases were prepared positions into which artillery could be moved on short notice, were con- nected with lines of rifle trenches for two ranks of men. The fortifications commanded by their fire every foot of round a distance of 2 miles from the guns by which an enemy could ap- proach Washington. Some of the fort sites are now marked by worn ram- parts and ditches. Seme have been leveled and are held for building pur- poses, and others have been partly or wholly built on. The linking and recovery of the old forts or their sites would be justified. The fort system of Washington should be preserved as a matter of history. The Civil War phase of the Capital’s history will make a stronger call on the imagination as years pass, and most of the fort sites can be bought now at a fraction of the price that would have to be paid 25 or 50 years hence. All the forts were built in high places, generally giving an- extensive view of the Capital, and always giving 8 splendid view of country outside the city. The forts and fort sites along the Eastern Branch Ridge give as im- pressive views of Washington as can be had from the Arlington Ridge. There is need for development of the Capital's park system and acquisition of the fort sites, and connection of them by a road has been part of near- ly every plan for park development. There is need for auto boulevards in and near Washington, apd a highway connecting the fort sites would take memory back to the Civil War, carry men to the high places in the country about Washington and give them vistas that couyld not be had by build-{ ing @ road over gny other course. THe cost of such a work would be rela- tively low. Twenty-five or fifty years hence the cost of such a work might be prohibitive. It is & matter which has passed through every phase of discussion. The Grand Army of the Republie urged the preservation end connection uf these forts when tens of theusands of Civil War soldiers now dead were living. Organizations of ex-Confed- crates have urged it. Patriotic so- cieties have recommended it, and most of the civic organizations of Wash- ington have done what they could dur- ing the half century to press this mat- ter on Congress. N England blames Chinese producers and smugglers for the opium traffic. Bret Harte's reference to “ways that are dark and tricks that are vain” has not yet lost its significance. The Lady and the Weed, There are many husbands who will envy the husband of the Gov- ernor of Texas. Presumably he will be free to smoke all over the execu- tive mansion, without sniffing of win- dow curtains or other indications of witely disapproval’ of indulgence in the weed, For the first womdn to be made governor of & sovereign State officially condones the use of tobaceo, and, by inference, at legst, | cigarette. smokers rank as high in her esteem &s do devotees of cigar or pipe. In her first messagg to the Legis. lature Gov. Ferguson proposes a tax on cigarettes as a means of raising revenue for support of educationgl in- stitutions. opposed to education coyld evade the tax by foregoing tobacco, but she is not inclined to think they would, be- cause, she says, “‘the man who smokes s generally the most liberal man in the community.” She concedes that those | have been paid the leaf and these who smoke {t, but never a prettier one than this, And what a blow to those bleak reformers who have been girding their loina to exterminate demon tobaceo They had counted largely on women for their shock battalions, and here is the first woman governor in her first official pronouncement not only giving aid and comfort to the enemy but actually patting him on the back and| making him out a firstrate fellow. What is the world coming to, anyhow? Hut what boots if it be wintry weather' in the camp of the bleak re-{ formers? 'Tis gladsome Summer in the train of Lady Nicotine. Merry King Cole may still hope to have hi ping, though he call for his bowl in vain. So the “most liberal” men in all communites will line up to give thr rousing cheers for Gov. “Ma” and a tiger for ex-Gov. “Jim.” —————— e Price of Shoes. The aim of many newspapers is to give prominence {o messages of hope, prosperity and happy times. The speaker who says that 1925 will be a banner year for joy and a bumper year for good things gets a column, The soothsayer who s ays that the world is coming to an end in 19 and that as a curtain raiser to that accident there will be .plagues and panic gets a paragraph. People like Joyous news as they like joyous books, joyous plays, jovous pictures, joyous music and joyous inaugurations. But it is impossible to keep newspaper pages as happy as one could wish The Assoclated Press sends from New York the news that John €. McKeon, president of the National Boot and Shoe Manufaeturers’ Association, pres dicted at the annual meeting of the association that the prices of shoes “will either remain firm or soar up- ward.” Strict constructionists in lan- guage would expect that if shoe prices soar at all they would soar up rather than down, but there is a ray of hope in this message, The price of shoes may remaln firm. That is the trade way of saying that the price of shoes may stand still or stay put. This eminent authority on shoes says that the prices may soar. The message comes at a time when many persons are thinking of & new pair of shoes that is, when they are just thinking of & new pair of ehoes, In many cases, and on many feet, the second or third soles on the old pair are thin and leaking. One hoped that the price of shoes was coming down, but accord- tng to Mr. McKeon one must hops again. e Timely warning is given by oculists to run no risk of injuring evesight by gazing at the cclipse. Even if you do not see {t'at all you may be perfectly sure it is there, and that it is not go- ing to affect your interest in any ma- terfal way. Excepting for astronomers, the safest way to study an eclipse is in books and not in the sky. —— e The eminent Brussels archeologist, Dr. Capart, is rendering an important service In lecturing on ancient Egypt. One of the fmportant incidents of re- lief in times of much menta] stress wan the discovery of King Tuf, and the public should not forget hiin easil vs 7nog - N Notwithstanding the confident ex- pectation that there will be no future war, the discussion of military methods and mechanisms goes on with calm and businessiike determination to avold being caught napping in case of an emergency. e ——— Tt It is' estimated that half & million dollars a day are collected by tipsters. After all, it is a mistake to say there is mothing in the nature of @ sure thing in horse racing. N A Pennmylvania town still has a “partenders’ union.”” There are com- munities that absolutely refuse to give up their old-fashioned ways. e Experiments with motor busses call attention to the fact that as the hous- ing problem increases so does the transportation problem. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Wear a Smile, Let's wear a smile so sunny! Let's all be kind and tru Let's work and save our money,. And then wear smiles anew. Let's wear a smile extensive, And never, never fret. Smiles are the least expensive Apparel you can get. Imitationt Lobbyists. 'Was that a bunch of lobbyists I saw steering for your office?” " answered Senator Sorghum. “They just back some of the people in their town who think they're lobbyists s0 as to get a free trip-to Washing- ton.” Jud Tunkins says it's funny how a woman will bob her hair and put on knickerbockers and then get mad be- cause her friends don’t speak to her. Municipal Malady. It further blue laws have to come, ‘This sequel cannot fail; Each town will soon be suffering from Enlargement of the Jjail, Stratagem. “Yessir,” said Cactus Joe; “Mesa Bill come rarin’ up High street with danger in each eye. Only for me| there'd have been carnage in camp.” “Did you stop 'im.” “Yep. -1 got ready to shoot.” “Why, Bill ain’t afeard of a gun.” “I didn't use a gun. 1 turned & mo- tion picture camera on him an’ as soon as Bill saw it he stopped in his tracks en' struck & pose.’” Rough Commerce. “See that car with the smoke screen! Are all those men chasing it policemen?”’ 4 “No,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle. top. “That feller is usin’ the smoke screen as an advertisement. All them people {n pursuit is customers.” ““When you rile & man a little bit,” said Uncle Eben, “it at leas' shows he's payin' some attention to what A Jot of tributes, in prose apd.pocg.’ you has to say.” BTAR, 'WASHINGTON, D. O, FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1925. THIS AND THAT , BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Apple sauce” s a Somewhat new 1ang term for flattery, which is a y 0ld thing, begun in the days of kings and courts, coming down to us of thig day and age almost un- changed. 5 When .some one compliments upon womething you have done, fashionable action if you are no old, is to smile and say, modestly: “Apple sauce!” This expression is supposed to re- lieve your modesty, which is hurt by the open compliment. 'Formerly one gave a deprecating smile, and a hearty, “Oh, no!" 1f -a kind friend pats you on the back on account of your new suit, vou must walt until he leaves, then turn to some one standing by and grin: / “Apple sau Or, if you are that standerby, vou may beat the recipient of the com- pliment to it by ejuculating he gets a chance Pretty soon you will be fed the expression is, you the too up, as n apple sauce, and never wish to hear about it again. The very sight of the real article will nauseate you. You may abjure the term, but flat- tery will be with you always, as Ic as men nd women women are are * * Flattery necessary tant at the banguet of life, like flattery, no matter w no matter how much we ple_sauce! The higher we & fall for it. I have yet son who cannot he flattered matter what position he holds, matter in what seat of the mighty may be found, he is susceptible fattery, judiclously applied Flattery Is commonly supposed to involve something of falsehood, a mere base Statement of something that I8 not true to please a great person and win his favor. Flattery is that, of course, in many cases, but the term implles a great deal more than that. In other words, if the praise is sincere and honestl meant, it Is flattery just the same as if it 'were +untrue and dishonestly meant. The term “flattery” does not neces- sarily imply falsehood or cajolery any more than its modern equivalent “apple sauce” does. If the statement made is true, it may be called flat- tery by onlol the words were the ver 1f it pleases you, is tery; if not, it is poor stuff. that it? concomi- We all “Ap- &I the harder a p No we to see good fat- Is not * K k% The duty of manknid largely in this good flattery of which I would speak is commonly lost sight of In the odium that has attached for many centuries to the. baseless praise that accorded a man or woman because of the rank which he or she happens to hold Aristocracies, Schopenhauer tells us, are of three kinds: 1, of birth and rank; 2, of wealth, and, 3, of intel- lect. Happy is the man who combines all three In his person. “The 1ast is really the most distin- guished of the three,” declares Scho- penhauer, “and its claim to occupy the first position comes to be recog- nized, 1f'it be allowed time to work. * * * Every one of these aristoc racies is surrounded by a host of en- vious persons. If you belong to one of them, they will ba sccrctly em- bittered against you; and unless they are restrained by fear, they will ai- ways be anxious to let you under- stand that you are no better than to deal before | no| they. It 15 by their anxiety to let you know this that they betray how greatly they are comscious that the opposite {s the truth.” Arthur Schepenhauer, you see, never fiattered anybody, and that was where he was in error, for had he dealt a little more freely ir “apple sauce” he would today be recognized generally as the great and fearless thinker which he undoubtedly was. Flattery, Jjudiciously applied, ofls the wheels of life as nothing else can. The amount of it the average man or woman can absorb is astonishing. The amazing thing Is that this prais granting 1t is more or less true, acts as a true lubricator. Judicious flattery makes any one walk on air for a time, I do not care if he be President of the United Btates, member of Congress, governor of & great State, successful business man, street car motorman, street cleaner or ash man. All ranks of men respond to the migle touch of pratse. Many men are so greedy for it that they think of nothing else. After they have gotten their daily dozen of commenda- tion, they feel like shaking the fur- nuce to pieces, to paraphrase the old comedy joke. The person who applies the magie oil of flattery to the mind of another also is a galner in the transaction. FPer- haps he is benefited more than the recipient, Who knows? For In pralsing another he fs tak- Ing a step, if a small one, along that difficult road labeled so many years e A The Golden Rule “Do unto others them do unto you A hard road. this, so much so, fu deed, that some have called it im- possible to travel. And millions who have not so branded It have acted upon the same supposition, evidently, as witness the continual wars which mankind has inflicted upon itself. Poor, struggling mankind, thinking itsolf free, fondly belleving itself to be gelf-determinating, yet seemingly under the same influences that de- termine the action of the tiger in the Jungle! One first, faltering step along the great golden road is praise of others. Let some call it “Just flattéry,” if they will; you see In it more than that. 1t s, in a small ay, at least, a passport to a better life If one cannot be au great really self-righteous, at least glve a word of praise now and then to this one or that one who has done something well. Lord, how it helps! Perhaps it Is only his duty to do it well—perhaps so—but slap him on the back, ladle out the é‘apple sauce,” watch him later, when he does not know you are looking—there is a new light in his eve, « new look on his face. you would have hero, he or can * ok ko Flattery, judiciously applied, the trick. Flattery always turns the trick If you want to “pep” a man up in hi= work, sling a bit of “apple uce" his way. He may know it is “the bunk,” ‘as you do, but he will lap it up, just the same. If you want to get a coming your way, leave your un- answerable arguments at home, and rely upon the good old “apple sauce.” If Johnny falls in his lessons, in- stead of “bawling him out,” lurk for something to praise, and then spread on thick— ¢‘Apple sauce. 1 am not sure but what the nectar ui]lho gods really was just plain olda— Apple sauce! turned “blg man” THE PHILIPPINE PROBLEM BY VINCENTE G. BUNUAN, Director, Philippine Press Bureau. The future of the Philippines, as discussed ‘by Francis B. Loomis, for- mer Asslstant Secretary of State, is based on the viewpoint that the islands are of “vast potential value in an economic sense to the people of the United States” and that “the time will come when the American people may have to rely, to a large extent, upon the ouput of the Philippines for certaln food products.” Predicated upon this premise, he would put a stop to the. Jegitimate aspiration a people for national independe would have America declare that has no intention of granting it or evenl of considering it in the next 25 of 50 years, and would even have this country repudiate g solemn pledge which 11 million and a half Filipinos have accepted in good faith. Weé wish to reply that so long as consideration of the Philip e prob- lem is based on the potential value of the islands to the United States, 80 long will the altruistic motive which ¢hould be paramount in the consideration of the Philippine ques- tion be subordinated to the promo- tion of America’s own interests, con- trary to her established pollcy Mr. Loomis and the rest of the American people well know that if the - Philippines are of “potentl: : value to the United States now, they will be more &0 in 25 of 50 years when America, Mr. Loomis says, may then consider the question of granting independence. Does Mr. Loomis think for.a moment that when a great enhancement of economlic valye shall have taken place it will not be infinitely harder to consider the question of independence, much less granting it? -The opposition of Américan business interests to the ratification of the treaty which would give Cuba actual title to the Isle of Pines, which of right belongs to her and which, after 20 or 25 years, has grown of such economic value to the Dnited States that these vested In- terests would now have the United States claim sovereignty over her, is a lesson that cannot be disregarded. We submit to the American people again, as the Filipino people have alwa: done, that the granting of independ- ‘ence now is the best solution to the Philippine problem. This is our re- ply to the assertion that America should declare that it has no Inten- tion .of granting independence now or even considering it in 25 or 50 years, and that a stop should be put to the demands of the Filipino people for independence which America has promised. Mr. Loomis, however, asserts that no such promise has ever been made. We submit the following to the American people: ’ President McKinley, in his instruc- tions to the first Philippine commis- sion, on January 20. 1899, expressed the hope that the commissioners would be received in the Philippines as. bearers of “the richest blessings of a liberating rather than a con- quering Nation.” President Roosevelt, in 1908, in his message to Congress said: “I trust that within a generation the time will arrive when the Fill- pinos can decide . for themselves Whether It is well for them to be- come independent.” President Taft, in his message to Congress, on December 6, 1912, said: “We will endeavor to secure for the Fillpinos economic independence, and to fit them for complete self-govern- ment with the power to decide even- tually whether such self-government shall be accompanied by independ- ence:” » Pregident Wilsen, on October 6, 1913, saie: “Every step we take will be takem with a, view of the ultimate inde- pendence of the islands and as prepa- ration for that independence. The. Congress of the United States in 1916 adopted the following as a preamble to the Jones law, the or- ganic act of the Philippine: “Whereas it is, as It has always been, the purpose of the people of the nited States to withdraw thefr sovereignty over the Philippine Is- lands and to recogmize their inde- pendence as soon ‘as a stable BOV- prment can be established there- n e s e \Mr. Loomis, however, asserts this preamble as well as lh:xe :»22} nouncements of A rican Presidents are legally binding. Legally, no— it be—but morally, they are. And Mr. Loomis knows that moral obliga- tion is even more solemn and more binding than a legal one, for the lat- ter has to be translated into reality because of statutory compulsion while the former may becoms & :;nllirt‘,;if‘:?:y !:y the degree with which vidual or a nati a promise solemnly made. +oo 0 * Mr. Loomls agrees to the clai the American Chambar of Commerc of the Philippines, well known for its opposition to {ndependence, that Congress has no power to allenate, {n other words, grant Philippine inde- pendence. We simply reply by re- ferring Mr. Loomis to the .State De- partment to which he formerly b longed. If he will take the trouble to go into its records, he will dis- cover a ruling handed down by the department last vear during the con- gressional hearings on the Philip- pines, and submitted to the Houss committee on insular affalrs, to the ::e;gqt:\at (Congress, having power uire territ to alienate oy o PRe ey r. Loomis says that “th, talk about independence ;!m::l;;«‘:\;: we were withholding from. them an Inestimable boon which they had pre- viously enjoyed.” In reply to this diatribe we humbly say that it has simply been our misfortune never to have enjoyed this boon, although we have struggled for centuries, both in the field of war and in the realm of peace, to secure ft. Mr. Loomis brands Filipino auto- ROmy as a proof of Filiping jaen: pacity. While we do not claim that no mistakes were made, we assert that Filipino autonomy proves just the contrary, as may be shown by the fact that, compared with the prevl- ous administration when the govern- ment was practically entirely in the hands of Americans, progress was even greater: Expense for public in- structlon increased 70 per cent; num- ber of schools 192 per cent; mileage of first-class roads 100 per cent; for- eign trade 300 per cent; cases dls- posed of by the courts of first in- stances 42 per cent; gross business in the islands 100 per cent; resources of commercial bank 700 per cent. And sanitation by diminishing death rate. With regard to these figures, the Wood-Forbes mission, which_repert- ed against independence, sald: “It should be noted that whatever mistakes have been made here, they have not been sufficient to arrest the steady rate of progress which these figures show.” To his charge that the bank was mismanaged by Filipinos to the ex- tent of losing $37,000,000, we reply that the alleged loss, which is not irrecoverable, was dye to war-time and post-war inflation, and the conse- quent economic depression which not only caused the loss of millions of doliars by hundreds of banks in America - and in Burope, but their completely going to the wall. Gover- nor General Wood, in his 1923 report, commenting on the loss of the bank, sald: n this its experience has been similar to that of other nations, in- cluding the Upited States.” Most of the loss-of the §37,000,000 which was considered irrecoverable is now being paid back by.the gon-| cerns to whigh it was loaned, The E THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 7~The Ancient World. “Man molding and seems to become keen on improving the future Just @s his interest and knowledge of the pest increase,’ writes F. S. Maryin, the well known historian. Two excullent guides to historical books to furnish busy readers with the necessary knowledge of the past for this “forward living” are avail- abla; the essay of Frederic Harrfson, in his “Meaning of History” (FB- H244) entitled “Some Great Hooks of History” and the book recently pub- lished in the Doran Mgdern Readers’ Bookshelf, “How to Read History” (FA-D283h) by W. W, Davies, le turer in history at Bristol University, England. “For a brief but vivid picture of the past from the days of primitive man to the French Revolution one can have nothing better than Frede Harrison's own espay on “The Con- nection of History.” “Any one who knows this piece of writing,’ Mr. Davies says, “has a firm and sure foundation of historical knowledge upon which to build and the fuller knowledge when It afterward comes to be acquired will fall naturally into its proper place”” The essay is only 50 pages long and is charmingly written. A longer sketch of Western prog- ress from the earliest time down to the industrial age in which we live, but one still in small compass, i% found in an admirable book by Mr. Marvin entitled the “Living Past’ (FE-M3681). He traces the contribu- tion of successive ages to the prog ress of mankind and concludes, “We know that the stream which bears us on from the infinite behind will not ts course und we begin to re r movement and a cer- tain go In a style €0 enguging that no one willingly lays down the book, Alfred E. Zimmern pictures the life in fifth century Athens in “The Greek Com- monwealth” (F32-Z67). It is not & political history, but gives the reader a knowledge of the Greek environ- ment by which he may understand its history. Another picture of the golden age of Athens is found In an Interest- ing blography of Pericles by Evelyn Abbott. A most useful serles of books for the busy reader, inasmuch as in small compass the ralient facts of a subject are outlined by authorities in their respective fields, is the Home University Library published by Holt. Warde Fowler's “Rome” in this series is one of the best books on Roman elvilization as a whole. “The most prilliant blography of Caesar, worth reading for its vivid and glittering picture of life at Rome and in the provinces In the last da of the Republic,” according to Prof. Davies, is Froude, though he also recommends Fowler's “Life of Caesar” as more balanced and authoritative. “The Ruin of Ancient Civilization and the Triumph of Christianity” (F383-F413r.E) is a brilllant book by Ferrero, published in 1921, pointing out the cause of decay in classical clvilization and drawing some cor parisons with recent conditiond in Europe. Reading on ancient Rome would be incomplete without some famillarity with Gibbon's masterpiece, “The De- cline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” recognized as “the most perfect his- torical composition that exists in any languag: Fortunately for readers unable to undertake the five volumes, Frederic Harrison recommends es- peclally the famous first three chap- ters, the survey of the Roman Emplre. down to the age of the Antonines Eeventeenth on Constantine and establishment of Christianity; reign of Theodosius (chapters 32-34); the conversion of the barbarians (chapter 37); the kingdom of Theo- doric (chapter 8%); the relgn of Jus- tinlan (chapters 49-42); with the two famous chapters on Roman law (chapters 43, 44). Of thesae he writes, “Every sentence Is compacted of learning and brimful‘of thought and yet every page Is as fascinating s ro- mance.” All the books cited above, however Interesting and valuable, are secon- dary sources of information and fail to give the reader the flavor of the cotemporaplous accounts of Herodo- tus, the fgther of history: Thucydides, who “enjoys the reputation of being one of the greatest historian: world has ever seen”; Livy and tus. Of the latter, Harrison “The literature of history has ing to compare with his galler portraits, with his penetration character, his tragic bursts of indig- nation, his judicial sarcasms and his noble elevation of soul.” In subsequent articles, hooks will be suggested on latter periods of Eu- ropean history and on American his- tory. Why S. of L. Increases. From the Boston Tranecript. One of the college professors covers that hard work shortens life, which may explain why the span of life is so steadily increasing. bank declared net earnings in 1923 amounting to 2,767,599.95 pesos. To his assertion that the Filipinos are composed of semi-civillzed tribes speaking dialects xome of which are not understandable to one another, we will simply reply by quoting a prominent Republican and a scientl Dr, Merton Miller, former chief ethnologist, Philippine Bureau of Science, in a scientific paper which appeared in the Philippine Journal of Science, sajd: “There are many different lan- guages or dialects in the Philippines, but all are closely related one to an- other, the pronounclation and mode of speech vary but little from one section of the Philippines to another and the majority of the words are common to two or more of the Philip- pine languages. These languages, whether spoken by Pagan, Moro or Christian, belong to the great Malay- Polynesian family. Chief Justice Taft, first civil gover- nor of the Philippines, testified be- fore the Senate committee on the Philippines in 1914 as follows: ‘The word ‘tribe’ gives an errone- ous impression. There is no tribal relation among Fillpinos. There is & rgcial solldarity among them un- doubtedly. They are homogeneous. I cannot tell the difference between an Ilocane and a Tagalog or a Visayan— to me Filipinos are all alike.” The Wood-Forbes mission, which reported against independence, said in its report: “From a number of warring tribes Spain succeeded in welding the Philippine people Into a fairly homo- geneous group, sufficiently allied in blood and physical characteristics to be capable of becoming a people with distinctive and uniform characteris- tics. This is & vast deal more than can be said of many independent coun- tries. Spain is peopled by Basques, Catalans and Castilians; Switzeriand by French, Germans and Italians; Belglum by French and Flemish; Caechoslovakia by Slovaks, Magyars and Germans; Hungary by Magyars, Germans, Slovaks and others; Bul- garia by Bulgarians, Turks, Ru- manians, Grecks, Jews and other na- tionalities, and Cuba by whites and négroes. The conditions in the United States are well known; out of a popu- lation of 105,000,000 there are over 10,000,000, or 10 per cent, negroes, and over 18,000,000, or over 12 per cent, foreign-born whites, making a total of over 22 per cent of the population who are racially and socially differ- ent from the native-born whites ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERI Q. Are the nurses at Walter Reed allowed to wear bobbed hair?—E. F. A. The superintendent of nurses of Walter Reed Hospital says that the Army nurses are allowed to wear bobbed hair provided a net is worn whije on duty. Q. By what authority does the Capltal Traction Co. charge one-half cent toll for each passenger crossing Key Bridge? Where does the money Eo?T—G. P. 8. A. The act of Congress creating the appropriation for the bridge in- cluded the one-half cent per pas- senger to be pald by the traction company. This was added to the fare. The money goes to the Gov- ernment. Q. Doesn’t the superintendent of public schools in Tulsa, Okla., get a larger salary than the New York City superintendent?—B. E. A. The Bureau of Education says that Tulsa now heads the list with a salary of $12,600 and allowances that bring the sum up to about §15,000. Q. Can you give me the capacity of the main counc!l chamber of the headquarters of the Chamber of Com- merco of the United States?—C. D. A. This room hus a seating capac Ity which exceeds 1,000 people. Q. s there book?—A. H. A. One has 2 Latin-word puzzle just been completed by R J. Scott, instructor in Latin at the University of Pennsylvania, and R. G. Kent of the Latin department This book is to be printed by the service bureau for classical teachers at Columbfa University. Ten puzzles of different designs are included in the new volume, und so far as Is known this will be the first Latin cross-word puzzle book to be pub- lished, Q. Pleass give some information sbout Leptis Magna—C. Me. G. A. The recently excavated ity Leptis Magna is in northern Africa, about 100 miles east of Tripoll. It was the birthplace of the Emperor Septimus Severus. It was a Roman city. Records upon it do mnot state whether or not it was a commercial city, but it probably was, since it had a considerable population and was a seaport. Authoritles say that it contains far more imposing struc- tures and more valuable works of art than any found in Pompeif. Q. Is the in any department?—. The Bureau of the Budget was ted by an act approved June 10, It i= in the Treasury Depart- ment, but not under the jurisdiction or direction of that department. The bureau is under the immediate direc- tion of the President tudget Buredu ¥ M included Q. What fo e in Mongolia?—M The town of Urga. is the center of T, P gn is the model the sword carried by marines?—J. A. The present sword of the Ma- rine Corps is modeled after a sword with & Mameluke hilt presented to First Lieut. Presley Neville O'Bannon by former Bashaw of Tripoll, Hamet, in 1805. Lieut. O'Bannon was with Eaton on his march from Alexandria, Egypt, to Derne, Tripoli, in 1805, and hoisted the American flag over Derne when it was captured on April 27 Apparently the Mameluke type Q. What ot sword was carried by marines from April 26, 1825, to 1858. The Maame- luke sword was readopted under reg- ulations, May, 1875. Q. How can perfumed colored bath salts be madg?—B. C. M. A. In order to make ardinary per- fumed and calorgd hath salts, color 3 gallons.of sea salt with twa drops of any of the following coloring, and afterward add about one tablespoon- ful of any perfume you cheose. The colors which may be used in products of this kind are: Amaranth (pink), Ponceau 3R (red), Ervthrosine (pink), Orange 1 (orange), Napthol yellow tartrazine (yellow), light green S. F (vellowish green). Some bath salts contain sodium bicarbonate or bak- ing soda from one-elghth to one-third proportion. C J. HASKIN Q. I had a discussion with a person about the word “chic.” Please pub- lish the proper pronunciation.—F. Y. A. Tt 1s pronounced as If the word spelled “sheek.” It is a common error in America t)> use the eame pronun- ciatior. as that for the diminutive of chicken, Q. Doos the south magnetic pole attract a compass needle?’—J. P, E. A. While the north magnetic pola attracts the north end of the needls and repels the south end, the South Pole repels the north end and at- tracts the south end. This ia true, no matter In what part of the earth the needlo is placed, and thers is no reversal of the needls when the mag- netic equator is crossed. Q. Is it improper to eat the Tettuc lpon which a salad s served A. Inclination may gulds & person The lettuce may be eaten If chooses. Q. Is the story trus about ths boy w);;) Jan from Marathon to Athens? A. It {s quite trus that the mara- thon race fn the Olympic games has its origin in a famous Greek legend that after the battle of Marathon a messenger ran from Marathon to Athens with the news of the victors However, there is no historlcal basis for this.” 1t is merely a legend Q. When was the battle of Yalu fought?—H. 0. W. A. This battle nese War was fo May 1, 1904 A4 Russo-Japz ril 29-3 Q. When was the country of mania_established?—0. W. A. The union of the twe principa ties of Wallachia and Moldovia wa publicly prociaimed at Bucharest and Jassy on December 23, 1861, the pres ent name Rumania being given to the united provinces R Q. Who was the first person to in troduce rhyme into the Latin sonigs of the church?—N. B. T. A. King Robert of France (a cele brated song writer by 1037 A.D.) was the first to introduce rhyme into the Latin songs of the church. do Dempsey height —B. Dempsey and Luis Q. How compare ac and Firpo B Angel feet 1% tt st Q. Has erected in was a resident cen a monumes Paul for a man who who had lost both legs and hand as a result of being frozen when a boy? He was know: as Mike - He died about two ry is_undoubte to Michael Huntington, , Who was frozen in a blizzar crossing the Minnesota prairies 1880 and badly cripp! He becam: president of the Oliva State B Oliva, Minn. After his death a f of $50,0090 was raised through effort lof the Minnesota Edit tic d the Minnes |been turned over t nesota and will be matched by a simi lar amount from the State for the purpese of constructing a school for erippled children adjacent to the Phalen Park Hospital for Crippled Children, located near Phalen Park jn St. Pa This school will be known as the Michael J. Dowling Me mortal Hall, the State Q. What variety of organ did Ner have?—N. H, W. A. Nero Is sald to have possesscc: a great number of so-called wate organs. The term for variety is (To know where to find informatic on a s is, aooording to Boswe as trus knowledge as o know the sub ject itself. Perkaps “your drop of éu Jelling on a thought will make o thou- sand think.” Submit your perplezing Guestions to The Star Information Bu- reau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director. Twenty-first and C street novthwest Send a g-cent stamp for @ direct ¥eply.) biect to WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Who says that America is no vener- ator of traditions? Senater Royal S Copeland of New York deposes and says that she is slavishly devoted to the things of yestervear, if certain appurtenances in the Unjted States Senate chamber are a criterion. He {s authority for the statement that the snuff box that must have done duty when John Quincy Adams, Dan- fel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Albert Gallatin, De Witt Clinton and other immortals bestrode the scene is still in its ancient place and working. Who the snufftakers of the present Senate are Dr. Copeland does not dis- close. Also the Empire State's medic- solon avers that every Senator's desk continues to be equipped with a sand box for blotting purposes. When Copeland came to Washington two vears ago he found his offices fur- nished with the four gargantuan brass cuspidors which the Govern- ment supplies to every Semator. He ordered his secretary to remove them. “Leave one in place, anyhow,” plead- ed that experienced hand. Next day Copeland had a call from Senator Furnifold McL. Simmons of North Carolina. The Tar Heel statesman be- gan operations by making a bullseye, although the cuspidor was 9 feet away. It has remained In place ever since. * k % % Controller General McCarl, Uncle Sam’s top Sergeant expense-account expert, makes more enemies to the square inch than any other offleial in the Federal service. That is the rea- son McCarl is the darling of the gods who control appropriations on Cap- itol Hill. Stories about his parsi- meny, in the interest of the budget, are incessant. A distingulshed mem- ber of the Federal Reserve Board is the hero of one.of the newest. He had occasion recently to go to Balti- more on Federal Regerye business, To save time he traveled on the Ba' timore and Ohio Railroad, and, eve: tually, put in his expense voucher fo the journey. It came back fromt the Controller General's office (so the story goes) with a notation some- what to this effec “Disbursement disapproved. should have used the electric line to Baltimore. He will be allowed only the cost of the cheaper route.” The saving Involved on the electric road amounted to about 80 cents. The time lost if the official had gone that way amounted to about three hours. * x % % Somebody asked President Coolidge, when still Vice President, if he did anything, in the performance of his duties, that Involved risk of life. Con- versation turned on the subject in consequence of Secretary Denby's es- cape that same week ‘from death in an airplane crash over the Great Wall of China. Coolidge’s rejoinder would have had even more pertinent today than then. “Wa-al” the Vice Presi- dent said, “I walk to the Capital every day.” d o * ok k% There's an irresistible charm about Washington for congressional lame ducks. The lure of the Capital is sel- dom shaken off. One of the latest to succumb is Senator A. Owsley Stan- ley of Kentucky, who will be privi- loged after March 4 to put “ex” on his visiting cards. Mr. Stanley, a brilliant barrister-at=law, will not WILLIAM WILE hang out a shingle in Washingto but he will have a desk in the off of Joseph Patrick Tumulty, and, pre Iy, now and then take a bric Kue a caso, Stanley 16 a grad- of Centre College, Kentucky the famed “praying colonels’ hafl from. It is nearly a quarter of a century since he practiced law, for he entered the House of Represent tives in 1902, sat there continuous! till_elected Governor of Kentucky 915, and resigned from that office or election to the United States Senato in 1918. He is & forceful speaker and ought to be an effective jury lawyer % x % Hughes has written the first book voted to America’s diplc consular affairs. “The Fore ice of the United States” is t of Tracy Hollingsworth Lay, a cons general of the United States, now or duty in the State Department. Mr. Lay's volume Is the only one that has ever attempted to describe inti- mately the branch of the Government that has to do with international -re- lations. To a great extent, it will Mt the veil of mystery that eur- rounds our foreign service, at home and abroad, in the mind of the man in the strect. Lay pictures the sery: ico and its personnel as very human {institutions, doing Uncle Sam's work as the day brings it along, silently effectively, unsung. It is a wonder fully true picture of how the United States keeps its finger on the pulse of foreign developments. The author speaks ex cathedra. He has had many years of service both in Washington and at foreign capitals. EE James C. Davis of Towa, who just submitted his final report on the late and lamented United States Rail- road Administratlon, learned more jabout the raiiroad business and rail road men in the last four vears than any man ever knew before. In the course of liquidating claims and counterclaims totaling $1,100,000,000, Davis has faced across his mahogany desk practically every railroad pre dent, executive vice president, tra manager and accounting officer in the country. His dealings with then often ‘savored of poker, with th highest stakes ever played for. Pres ident Coolidge termed Davis' report the account of one of the most stu pendous financial _transactions ou record. One- of Davis' colleague; prophesied two or three years ago that the railroads and Unclo Saxu would be wrangling in the Suprem Court for a generation, trying to un scramble their war-time relations Well, the Rallroad Administratior winds up with no lawsuits and & slate.wiped clean at an expense of less than $50,000,000 to the Treasury * ok % ok Natlonal headquarters of the “Prot estant Knights of America,” in Wasl ington, announces that Pennsylvanis avenue, on September 21, 1925, w resound 1o the tread of arching Protestant thousands,” whd aim to duplicate and outdo the Holy Name Society, Roman Catholic, demonstra- tion over the same route last Septem ber. To join the “Protestant Knights you must be a “native-horn, white Gentile,” and engaged in “a legiti- mate occupation.” (Copyrizhly 1939 where cretary the foreword and