Evening Star Newspaper, January 11, 1925, Page 67

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO Business Leadership Won by Early Topham Firm . With Pioneer Methods In the Handling of Advertisfng of All Sorts BY THE RAMBLER, itini of The old business firms on the Rambler use of Topham. came to Wash- ber, 1855, and in nuary, 1856 i a harness and unk store Seventh street, arles Kioman, who owned and kept a sa- rentimg the building from ( loon and eating house in the same block The site ¢ first Topham store §s covered by t partment store of Lansburgh er. At the Ram- bler's hand orn and faded paper. 1t is Mr. hani's license to do busi- ness Wash Here it is City of n, to wit: Li cense is he nted from the date hereof until the first Monda No- ber next to James S and | e ods, wares, merchan- | cles of foreign or domestic th, production or man- ufacture, (other than s, caps, ade clothing hoots, shoes and ready-r end spirituous and fermented liquors, wine, cordials and all other intoxi- cating liquors (by whosesale or re- tail on lot «blank) ir re 431 fronting on Sevent in the Third Ward of the city, they complyin th the laws of the Cor- ington in respect t or which In testi- reunto set f January, register; 1 the ent in a news- paper, was pu 1 in The Evening Star Septer 3 and marked 1o continue Here follows part of th New and 1 Trunk Street, Wa scrihers beg tention of the 3 who may wish to or examine, to their 1a P reasing stock of all varietic men’s, ladies’ and | hoys' saddles double and single arriage and v _harne wagon 1 en N n o sole leather. 1 2 and buggy trunks: large = nt of iron frame < ks bonnet boxes valises, enameled leather carpet and canvas tra bags and tehel Drivin bridles, i x f ings and Martingales ¢ s and s: sta ec v, cart whips in variety Draft collars, back bands, chain traces, blind bridles =z ’ pat hames, shammois skins, and dust brushes curry and mane combs, ge, dog ., whip boots, harness black- Horse blankets, cov- and fly mnets in their | ore to this advertise- | with quality of goods to business. The ad- | signed “Topham and THE Topha 495 Seventh str of 1863. Then Mr the lot adjoin and basement brick str old number of that store the present ber 425 Seventh X. Kneessi's Sons. trunk and leather &00ds store, a business established in 1860, now occupies the buildl There Mr. Topham largely incre his manufacturinz plant in contracts for Army supplies during the Civil War In 1882 th Store was rem d to No. 1231 vivania avenue, near Thirteenti reet, and later Mr. Topham odeled and occupied No. 1233 Pennsylvania avenue, which, many of you remember, was W Roose’s cigar store In July, 1901, Mr. Topl bought the property No. 1219 F street, where the Tophar store is today. Perhaps vou will recall that an old-fashioned brick Touse stood on the site and there a colored woman, Julia Henson, kept a AT g house which had had many famous atr before, during and after the Civil W The Rambler a series of stories 1 on the history of sidences, wrote of perhaps before he 0ld hysiness fam- again of that born a sl freed by her and long “character” in gton. She contributed ge erously to the building of one of ‘Washington's great churches and died of accident at advan age The Topham appeared in The Star in to the Ramble that Mr. Topham till death, 4, 191 was an ad- vertiser apers, and an ad- vertiser in other In January, 1864, whe y ‘ashington and Georgetow Railrond Co., was new, he signed a contract with the| company for displaying illuminate ar was ing po nearby country, and wing a man carrying a shoulder and a valise was known to many Topham was born in Wil- Del, Ju 18, 1832. His Richard Topham of York- ingland, came to the United 1821. James passed his bovhood on his father's farm near Wilmington, and to learn a trade he was apprenticed to a saddlery house in Philadelphia. After his apprentice- ip he remained for a time with the | and before coming to Wash- followed his trade in Hart- ford, Conn, and in Baltimore. The Rambler has the following letter from the firm with which Mr. Topham learned his trade Philadelphia, December 20, 1853. o Whom it May Concern: The rer of this, Mr. James S. Topham, has been in our efmploy for some years and we can confidently recom- mend him as a person of all con- fidence and who would no doubt make himself valuable to any one needing Alum in Artificial Gems. ARLY all artificial gems—that N is, stones w are really made by artifici :re compounds of alum crysta under special conditions tallic salts that ure added g fusion determine whether the stones produced shall be sapphires, rubles or oriental topazes, pmethysts or emeralds. Barly attempts to manufacture| @rtificial gems on a commercial basis failed because of the difficulty in ob- taining the tremendous heat neces- gary, but the oxyhydrogen flame solved the problem, and producing grtificial gems is now an important fndustry. h The basic material is ammonia Blum, which is converted into cal- eined alum by heating it. To that| = added the coloring matter in suita- ble proportions, oxide chromium for rubies, titanic acid for sapphires. The finely divided powder is permitted to trickle down into the oxyhydrogen flame, which attains a temperature pf 1,800 degrees. The powder fuses into a pear-shaped body -that weighs ling THE OLD TOPHAM STORE AT remembered District of Delaw of September described in the disinterested | it is set dowp that deponent had known the petitioner from and since September, long with legal language APH TAKEN DURING THE CIVIL WAR BY JOHN GOLDIN & CO. OR NO. 4 MARKET SPA(I_E. of Thomas spoon, clerk of the District Court. Richard Topham was a son of Robert Parkin Topham ahd was Lowthorpe, S, 1802; came to America in at Trenton, | to Wilmington, and in 1534 bought a d Charlotte Yorkshire, from Wilmington. bought a farm Clellandsville, two miles from ark, Del, and died there Church, Wilmington, 1231 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. founder of St. Paul's Church, V mington, and his remains rest in the Wilmington and Brandywine ceme- tery, at Wilmington In 1827 he married Sarah Jane Smith, a daughter of James and Sar- h Fa r Smith, and they had ten | ehildren. who were ah Charlotte, Jane, James Smith, John Parkin Mary Elizabeth, Lucinda, Joseph Ly- | brand, Rebecca Hama, Richard Bell, | and 1da Shakespeare Topham Nearly all these children had large families and descendants of Richard and Sar- h Smith Topham are numerous. There is a Topham gencalogy in the Library of Congress, which brings |the Topham family to the present from Robert Topham, who lived at Linton, Yorkshire, and died there in It {8 an extensive and closely- rked genealagy, and relates 'the phams with hundreds, perhaps thousatds, of other familles. Through the White family of Virginia and the Barron family of Marland, the Top- ham family connects with sc of | the old families in the Potomae, Pa- tuxent and Rappahannock country. James S, Topham was married to Marsi Mitchell White, April 9, t the home of her parents, No th street northwest., near the corner of I She was the second daughter of Enoch and Elizabeth Bar- ron White, who was born in the White family home on Seventh street, near D, November 26, 1829, and died July 17, 1905 The children of James Smith Top- ham and nn Maria Mitchell White, were Richard, Washington, George, Eliza, Lincoln, James, Rodolph, Ida Palmer, Howard W , Edwin and Frederick Swentzel. Richard was married to Trene DeMontreville, Jan- uary 2, 1889; Washington, to Annie M. Clark, at Burnt Mills, Md., October 23, 1884; George, to Maggie R. South- erland, at Lynchburg, Va., October 29, 1884; Eliza, to James A. Oldfield, De- cember 25, 1896 1da Palmer, to Rob- ert B. Bernheim, June 5, 1801, How- ard Ware, first to Belle D. McCauley, September 17, 1883, second to Mabel A Holcer, April 21, 1901, and Frederick Swentzel, to Anna Amelia Annand, October 9, 1901, ey HE Rambler has told you that Mrs. James S. Topham was a daughter of Enoch White and Eliza Barron. Enoch White was the second of three sons (Jes: Enoch and os R.) of George White and his wife Susannah. George Whita was born near Fredericksburg in 1760, and owned a farm three miles north of Falmouth in Stafford County. His wife died at Fredericksburg, in 1827, and he died in that city in 1837, Enoch was born on the farm near Falmouth, June 19, 179 came to Washington in 1824, and December 27, 1827, was married to Eliza Barron, Edmonstomns JAMES S. TOPHAM, PHOTOGRAPH MADE ON HIS WEDDING seventh child of Daniel and Mary Ann Wilson Barron. In April, 1829, with James A. Kennedy, Willlam W. Billing and others, he organized the Ninth Street Methodist Protestant Church. During the thirtles and forties he was employed on the Na- tional Intelligencer, under Gales and Seaton, and was a member of the Co- lumbia Typographical Society and the Assoclation of Oldest Inhabitants. He died in Washington July 3, 1876, Enoch White and Eliza Barron had four children, two of whom, William Ryland and Susannah, died in Infancy. The second child was Ann Maria Mitchell White, who became the wife of James S. Topham. The third child was George Henry Barron White, born July 21, 1832; died February 24, 1899, and for 24 years was cashier of the National Metropolitan Bank. George Henry Barron White mar- ried May 15, 1860, Frances Virginia Withers in Cumberland. Md., and their children were: Enoch Lewls, Harriet Bucky, Harrlet Lacy, George, Fannle Lane and George W. White. The last named is president of the National Metropolitan Bank Daniel Barron, who was the father of Eliza Barron White, was a soldier of Maryland in the American Revolu- tion and lived at Bladensburg, where he died in April, 1810. He died intes- tate, and his widow, Mary, was ap- pointed administratrix. under bond of $2.000, with Thomas C. Duvall and Joseph Wilson as sureties, and Thomas Bowie and Willlam Ross, all of Prince Georges County, as ap- praisers. D. C, JANUARY 11, 1925—PART Modern Study of Ancient Astrology-Insp‘ires Interesting Predictions As to Lucky and Unlucky Birthdays During 1925 HERE are, in astrology, certain rules by which astrologers group certain birth dates in cach year as “lucky” or “un- lucky.” This application of rules is very simple and quite enter- taining, even if no serious import is attached to it. Here is the procedure: Make a list of birth dates of your friends, family, business associates, enemies—every one whose birthday you can find out, in short. First run over the list for those whose birth- days fall in the last two days of October and the first week of No- vember. Set them apart and write the word “Saturn” over them. Then cull out the birthdays which come about the middle of August—from the 10th to the 17th. Write word “Nep- tune” over these. The next group in- cludes those born between March 10 and 18, and ruling these you place the planet “Uranus.” The last group for the present comprises those born during the first half of January, and these are now influenced by “Jupiter.” After arranging your dates you are ready to begin at predicting the conditions of the year 1925 for your acquaintances. Your first group. those born in the first part of November, has for its members people who are rather proud and dignified individuals; but, though they may never have told you about it, they have a deep interest in all occult matters, such as astroldgy. They will be greatly impressed, there- fore, If you can tell them to use an unusual amount of caution during the coming 12 months, not only in A Honeymoon Reflection BY J. A. WALDRON. HEY had been married a vear. N During a three-month tour the honeymoon had been pro- longed beyond the usual period, for they were very fond of each other. On their return they entered into the dizzying swing of society, which these days is In- cidentally a picturesque part of the white-light whirl. His vocation was simply that of killing time, if one can call it simple, and hers was much the same, although a woman is al- ways busier at it than a man At the end of six months they sel- dom met at home. SUll, they kept up acquaintance and at times became quite fond of each other again. He would run acrosss her, or she would encounter him, each being with a comrade or kindred splrits, at some special opera night, some show at the Garden, in some cabaret or else- where along illuminated ways peo- pled by the smart as well as by those who lfve upon the smart. Occasionally, as suggested, when they thus met the novelty of the thing fmpressed them. At such times they had something of that mutual attraction that brought them to- gether originally. And with one im- pulse they would disentangle them- selves for the moment and ride home together, almost or quite in love with each other. But these vagrant impressions seemed mo more lasting than those each received in association with varlous vivacious persons with whom they separately mingled. So at the end of their first year of married life they had settled into relations some- thing like those of casual acquaint- ances. On the afternoon of this first an- niversary she came in under some unusual excitement, and glancing into his den as she passed was sur- prised to see him sitting idly there. Throwing off her wrap she ventured in_and sat with him. “How does it happen, dear, that you are home?" she asked. “Oh, 1 haven't got out yet, don’t you know. Didn't come in till all hours this morning. With a beastly dancing party last night and they kept It up. I'm going to cut some of this all-night stuff. But what's the matter with vou, girlle? You seem a bit flustered.” “I am. 1 came in late, too, and had to go out early. But you look fetching, really!” Do 17 Famous U. BY RING LARDNER. O the editor: Not since T got through with the Telephone Directory has they been a book that give me 80 many thrills as Who's Who in Amer- ica for 1924-25 and have just finished reading same and could hardily lay same down or hold it up either on acct. of it weighing pretty near as much as a grand opera chorus gal. Who's Who is published every other yr. by a guy out in Chi and before the guy goes to press he writes you a letter and asks if the dope on you in the last issue is still O.K. or have you moved or joined any new clubs etc. It looks like the more clubs you belong to the better chance vou got of being in Who's Who, so I been joining a new club every couple of months since I come to N. Y. and just before this new Who's Who come out I joined the Friars which give me a total of 11 clubs all told not counting the Cooks and Pastry Cooks assn. of St. Louis which I was made a member in 1909 when it was the only place you could get a drink on Sunday. But my entree into the Friars come too late to get into this edition but the 10 other clubs got me by O. K. and then I begin wondering if they was anybody else in the U. S. that belonged to as many as 10 clubs so I started reading the book and had not got no distants at all before I found out that I am still in my non- age_as far as joining clubs,is con- cerned. I will pass over the boys that tops me by a margin of 2 or 3 clubs and lead right up to the climax of the book which is Reginald C. Vanderbilt whom I might state at this junction was a fellow passenger on the board of the Paris the last and 2d. time I crossed the old pond. Well, here in part is a list of Reginald's clubs and will_half to admit that they make me look like a hermit: Knickerbocker, Brook, _Metropoli- tan, Coaching, Turf and Field, Rid- ing and Driving, Racquet and Ten- nis, Automobile of America, Newport Reading Room, Newport Casino, Travelers (Paris), Meadowbrook, Four-in-hand (Philadelphla), Massa- chusetts Auto, Westchester Polb, American Kennel, Dalmatian, Russian Wolfhound, American Fox Terrier, French Bulldog and old English Shepdog. It will be noted that among the bunch is one forelgn club and one Philadelphia club and three or four New England clubs, to #iy nothing about all them dog clubs which I can’t belong to none of them on acct. of us not having no dog, but I am eligible for a Orange and Black Striped Cat club if there is such a thing and also a Black Milch Cow club and a Green and Red Parrot club and a couple of exclusive Ro- “I should say so! He reached over and kissed her, and lounged baclk, lighting a cigarette. “But why are you so——you seem a bit excited!" “I had a party at the opera last night. Blanche and her husband, and & cousin of his, Harold Johnstone. And afterward they insisted on going to that new place, Ali Baba's cave, you know, where there's Oriental dancing. Awful raw, isn't it?” “Just medium, 1 should say. Noth- ing like it in the Orient, though Glad you had some one with you.” “And they insisted upon dancing, Blanche and the rest, and young Johnstone got mushy—sentimental— with me, and I'd only just met him! “Rather a rusher, ¢h? But you can take care of yourself, I guess.” “Don’t you know I can? But that isn't what I'm so worried about. Everybody is going to Florida, and some of the girls are taking their husbands.” “I've noticed the girls and chaps are thinning out—the better ones. Yes.” “And if T go, I suppose I must go INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOU INVEST. business and money regards health These people will suffer from throat trouble and disorders of the which your warning enable them to avoid to a great de perience business reverses and should be cautioned against taking on new responsibilities themselves which will influence them for about 14 months, is a very restricting and depressing force, and they must make up their minds ¢ If you have a partner, employe or other business assoclate whoss birth- day falls in this group, be prepared to do most of his work yourself, for his physical and mental strength will be much below the average state for some time to come. If your own birthday comes in this postpone any of interests to a more pro- save your money whose clouds are If you belong to Ir sex, the results won't be quite marked as will find your husband, father, eweet- and hampered Your relations with during 1925 will able, I am sorry In' case you for the rainy day already gathering. heart or son are fortunate in ing neither friends nor relatives alone.” “But youw'll find 'em all down there, you know!" you come along?”’ e? 1 say, now, what put that into your head?” He puffed strongly and seemed to think deeply. “What day of the month Is it?” “February 15.” She gasped, reached over and kissed him. “And do you know—I just thought of it—It's our wedding anniversary!" “The deuce you say! By Jove! How shall we celebrate it?" “How better than by going to Palm Beach together?’ “That's an idea, surely. And they're all down there.” “Let's take a boat! And—and— dear"—she lcaned over and kissed him agaln—"we can start on another honeymoon! “Oh, I say, girlie! We'd be awfully bored with cach other on a boat, don’t you think? 'Twould take so long, you know. And we'd miss a lot of time with the chaps and girls| down there! We'll go by train.” “Then you'll really go? “Why not? As you say, it's devlish dull_about here now. “Well, then, take this!” And she kissed him with sound, if not with feeling. “By Jove! You're really fetching today, girlle! TIl have another, if you don’t mind. Have a cigarette?” ette?” (Copyright, 1025.) S. Citizens no hopes of catching up with Mr. Vanderbllt as he is still a young man and in a few years time they may half to get out a individual editlon df Who's Who which the exclusive con- tents of same will be just his clubs. But of course I don't mean to in- sinuate that clubs in quantity lots is enough to get you into the book. If it was they would half to devote a paragraph to Casey Stengel who in the National League alone has be- ionged to the Brooklyn, Pittsburgh, Philadelphla, New York and Boston clubs or pretty close to a clean sweep. The qualifications for honor- able mention in the volume is print- ed right after the preface and in a nutshell is as follows: (1) You elther half to be a suc- cess in some creditable line of effort, making you the subject of extensive Interest, inquiry or discussfon In this country, or (2) you half to hold a high-up civil, military, naval, relig- ious or educational position. Well, on acct. of the last named rule, the book is pretty well messed up with the names of congressmen, to say nothing about former Secretary Fall. As for the boys that has succeeded in creditable lines of effort, why it ain’t no trouble to run acrost a few names in the book which you can’t help from wondering what their creditable lines of effort was unless it was their efforts to keep track of the clubs they belonged to. On the other hand, they's some names which it would amaze you what they have accomplished out of a clear sky you might say, and no wonder they have win a nitch in Who's Who. Like for inst. we will take A. P. Derby of Gardner, Mass. He went to Williams College for 2 yrs and just as soon as he got out of college he begin to manufacture chairs and aptly enough, from 1921 to 1923, he was chairman of the Nat. Council Furniture associations. Mr. Derby is a Republican and a Congregationalist and a Mason and a Deke and is still lving in Gardner, Mass, and manu- facturing chairs. A record not to be sneezed at. Or take W. M. Hepburn of West Lafayette, Ind. He was born in Nova Scotla and went to Dal- housie University in Halifax and then to a lbrary school in Albany and now he is librarian at Purdue and a Presbyterian. That is just a couple of samples of what it takes to get into Who's Who it you don't belong to plenty clubs, but it seems to me like the editor overlooked successes in a few cred- itable lines of effort when he left out Walter Johnson, Babe Ruth, Rogers Hornsby, Jack Dempsey, Bobby Jones, Walter Hagen, Ty Cobb; Jim Thorpe, Red Grange, Knute Rockne and the entire Notre Dame backfield. Just the same the book is well worth reading if it.didn’t learn you nothing except that they's 2 men in this country name Goodnight, both of them col- dent socioties, However, L alnt-gat loga Prolsasariy YOU ABOUT THE DEEP I CULT MATTERS. should exemplify the tendencies of your Leo associates at this time. Sometimes the effect of Neptune upon a life is favorable, but more often it brings with it nebulous schemes and rather hazy mental processes, so that even in the midst of popular success the idol of the moment suffers financial ruin or be- comes involved in scandals. It will be interesting to watch the progres of Rudolph Valentino under the powerful Influence of Neptune, which is at work in his horoscope at the present time. He may be able to re- gain his former place in the hear! of the movie fans, but it will be as companied by some unusual ecir- cumstances, if not actual criticism. * ok ok % VWWE have still another group of peo- ple who will not find 1925 a very pleasant year, and these are‘the people born in the middle of March If you want to make a name for your- self as a soothsayer and prophet, just predict for them a series of changes and unforseen twists to matters which at first appear perfectly com- monplace. The planet Uranus, which is now ruling their minds, and hence their acts, is one which makes for quick decisions and madcap desires. It is also the planet which has most to do with marital upsets, so we find a good many of these Pisces people born in March now feeling that al- BORN IN THE FIRST PART OF NOVEMBER, THESE SATURNI PEOPLE ARE PROUD AND DIGNIFIED, AND WON'T EVEN TELL EREST THEY HAVE IN ALL OC- cluded in this group, then watch the effects of Saturn in the life of Wil- liam Gibbs Atherton, the novelist. These persons have felt this force during 1924 and continue to do so in 1925. it was because of Saturn's re- stricting hand that McAdoo could not achleve the Democratic nomination for which he strove so mightily, and tested astrology saved himself prestige and money campaign for the coveted honor. executives noted surgeons and physiclans are Scorpio men, hence numbered in this group, and astrologers look for much in banking and medical circles due to the effect of Saturn Investigate clearly before you invest in securi- Your next group of people, born the middle of August, includes some of your most popular and agreeable companions—the Leo folk—generous, not very analytical or careful; but invariably optimistic and about to make a fortune—to- Many theatrical people are born in the sign Leo, as well as pro- moters and captains of industry. Your Leo friends are in for some rather confusing impulses and expe- riences during 1925. lot of them going in for spititualism or similar psychic interests, and get- ting into no end of trouble and mis- understanding as a result. mystical plays will be presented this year, I have no doubt, because of this strong Neptunian influence over the- atrical people and the arts generally. W. C. DeMille, Elsie Ferguson, Ethel and Pauline good company, You'll find a Barrymore most any partner except the one they chose would be better. . Don’t marry or unmarry at this time if your birthday {s among this group. ‘Whatever you do will be wrong. Try to maintain the status quo, and plug along at the job—that is, if the job will let you. The chances are youw'll be swept about from one position to another before Uranus gets through with you. Don't count too heavily on your Uranian employes staying with you, {f you have any, and if your boss has a birthday at this time, make up your mind to see him do a few flops. One of the well known people un- der the influence just now is Charles Ray, the motion picture actor. An- other is Homer Croy, the author. Both should be training to master the con- flicting currents which will appear iy their lives. Be patient with your acqueintances in this group. Any one who does not know the reason for their queer be- havior might condemn them, but a knowledge of astrology should teach sympathy through understanding. However, astrology does not treat entirely of misfortunes. It is simply that we have saved the best group until the last, as the little boy does the frosting on his cake. * kK X X YOUR friends born in the first half of January are in for a most pleasant and prosperous time of it for the coming vear. These are Capri- corn people—clever as can be, and able to take advantage of this advice. Usually they like politics, and it's a shame that there is no election at hand, for they would be elected with- out any opposition. Also they like big business, and during 1925 they can Frederick | plan with perfect safety to expand YOUR Ll:".O FRllfNDS. BORN IN THE MIDDLE OF AUGUST, WILL BE GOING IN FOR SPIRITUALISM AND PSYCHIC INTERESTS whatever interests they may wish to push. | " Gov. Smith comes in this group, also | Willlam Fox, the movie producer, who ought to have a splendid year, and King C. Gillette. Douglas McLean is a young actor who has achieved a moderate success. Watch him under the influence of Jupiter in his horo scope this year. The same good for- tune will attend the doings of that old favorite, Lew Fields Married women whose birthdays come in this group will see their hus- bands’ affairs prosper, and their own domestic matters will take a happ turn. Unmarried women usually have chances to change their name under this force, although as some of them |may belong to the Lucy Stone League | T daresay that is not the form -the proposal of marriage takes with them However, the influence is good, and affects all the interests favorably making the health better and glving a lttle more money than usual in the bank or the stocking, with particular ly advantageous effects upon min- isters, lawyers and professional men generally. And then, if you wish to create a real sensation by a simple astrologi cal prediction. say to any friends borr on either September 1 or August 20 “By the way, you'll be extra busy and active about the end of August—tray eling, writing or'wth something un usual in business to attend to.” And you can say the same to those born about April 12, that their busy period will come in Ma People born about December 4 wil be engrossed in some new activity at the time of their birth dates, the lat ter part of 1925 Youwll be amused and amazed at the striking way in which these dates will work out The Starch Industry. ST‘\RP“. in its simple commercia 2 form is known in every house- hold. The chemical process by which plants produce starch iz, however not so thorouhgly understood, but it fe known to be by an operation which takes place only in light and is much more rapid in direct sun- light This white granular substance i stored in the roots, stems, leaves and seds of plants, from which it is ex- tracted and placed upon the market The leaves, by means of the tin chlorophyll bodies, which give them their green color, are capable of tak- ing up hydrogen, carbon and oxygen and the first noticeable result is the production of minute starch grains which may be seen in the leaves These grains, however, known as as- similation starch, are nev found in large quantities, for at night and in artificial darkness they are dis- solved. Starch grain which are produced abundantly and stored in seefls, pith or elsewhere, are known as reserve starch and are found in tubers, a potatoes; in roots, as carrots and beets; on grains, as corn. rice wheat; in bulbs, as onions, pith, as in the sago palm. The production of starch from potatoes and rice differs only slightly from that of the commercial corn starch which is made by soaking the corn for 48 hours, then grinding and flitering. The resulting grains are then al- lowed to scttle and are bleached and dried. Tapioca, sago, arrowroot and cornstarch are forms of starch used as food. Other forms are used in the manufacture of cotton goods paste, glucos: and for stiffening clothes, the last named being its most familiar form Cornstarch was first made in the United States in 1842, and the starch factories at Oswego, N Y., and Glen Cove, Lomg' Island, are the largest in world. Of late years, however, Japan has greatly developed her starch indus- try. In the year for which figures are available she exported into the United States nearly 22,000,000 pounds, 92 per cent of the total imports. Starches appear on the market in powder, lump, flake and pear] forms, the grain differing in size and shape according to their source, so that it is not difficult under a microscope to identify the various kinds The Leaf-Cutting Bee. MANY a gardener has gone to his = rosebushes on a Spring morning to find that some ticket-puncher has passed down the aisle and punched all the leaves. It is the leaf-cutting bee, an interesting species, whose punch is in its mandibles. Now this leaf-cutting is one of the so-called “solitary” bees. It makes its home in a burrow that it cuts in some piece of rotting wood. If you examine one of the burrows you will find that the place is full of thimble-shaped cells, each made of & plece of rose leaf. Within each cell there s an egg and a supply of honey for the larva to live on when it comes to life. The way in which the bee proceeds to work to prepare this fragrant and luxurlous house for its young is most inter- esting. After the bee has driven a hole into a wooden post or tree it seeks out a rosebush and alights on & leaf. With its legs it seizes that part of the leaf which it intends to cut and quickly makes a curving slash with its mandibles. Just as the last shred is severed the bee's wings begin to vibrate, and it flles away, holding tts prize firmly beneath its body. . The first pieces it takes are roughly lozenge-shaped, and these it pushes and crowds into the tunnel. After it has flled the bit of leaf with pollen and honey it lays an egg and clos the end of the cell with smaller cir- cular leaf cuttings. The little crea- ture needs at least four circular pleces and seven lozenge-shaped Pleces to complete a single cell, = - What Is Iron Made Of? THIS looks like a singular, not to say foolish, question, and yet Some chemists are beginning to doubt whether iron is really a chemical ele- ment. They think that instead of be- ing an elementary substance it may be a highly complex compound, and that eventually means may be found of separating or isolating the bodies, or elements, of which iron is made up. Different substances are ordinarily combined either by simple intermix- ture, as oxygen and nitrogen are in- termixed in the air, or by salution, or by chemical combination. But of late it has been suggested that there may be a fourth state of combination still more intimate than that which is implied by t e#lull ex- pression. “chemical unio: ‘he com- bination of yet unrecognized elements which make what we call iron would be an example of the fourth state. ‘What this conception necessitates may be judged from the fact that it seems to do away with the atom as the smallest elementary particle of matter. i The Shoppers. Mrs. Spriggs—Do you need any shoes’ Mrs. Briggs—No. Mrs." Spriggs—Neither do I. Let's &0 into this shoe store and rest while they try some on us, Gem 10 carats to 390, 1 TRIP IN 1858, AND GETTING INTO NO END OF TROUBLE.