Evening Star Newspaper, January 11, 1925, Page 38

THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.......January 11, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Eventug Star Newspaper Company Business Offce, 11th St. and Pennsylvana Ave o York Office: 110 East 47nd 8t. Chicago Offce: Tower Bullding. Europeas Office: 16 8t.,Londen, England. The Breniog Star, with the Sunday morning edition, s delivered by carriers within the city &t 6 ceats por mosth; datly only, 43 cents per month; Runday only, 20 cents’ per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- Phone Main 5000, Collection ia made by car- Tiers at the end of each month. Rate by Mati—Payable ‘in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunda; Daily only Sunday only - $2.40:1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00: Daily only Sunday only . mo., 85¢ mo., 60¢ mo., 25c Member of the Amwociated Press. The Associated Press is exclasively entitled fo the use for republication of il news ls- tehes credited to it or not otherwise credited this paper and also the local news pub- hed “herein. Al righ fal dispatches heres No Lump-Sum Payment. 1t was understood when the act of June 29, 1922, was agreed upon by House and Senate that the act was a compromise measure disposing for many years of these troublesome fiscal relation issues. The District's contri- bution toward Capital upbullding was increased from 50 to 60 per cent; its tax on intangible personalty was in- creased 66 2-3 per cent, and the founda- tlon was [ald for increasing its realty tax; it was deprived of exclusive credit for large sums of miscellaneous re- celpts hitherto solely enjoyed, this ac- tion inflfcting a heavy loss, and it was compelled to accumulate from its tax shall relieve itself from its 'self-im- posed obligation and promise to con- tribute for Capital upbuflding an an- nual amount, definitely related to the local tax contribution, and shall leave that amount uncertain and fluctuat- ing, on the same basis as before 1878, it should in equity restare to the Dis- trict its power which existed before 1878 of fixing through self-izxation the amount of its own Capital contri- bution. If the Nation is not to share in def- inite ratio in municipal tax paying it ought not in equity to fix the amount of local taxation. If the local com- munity is to raise substantially all of the local revenue (with the Nation as a fluctuating and uncertain donor) the Capital must on American principles be permitted to tax itself, and to de- termine for itself how much shall be raised, and by what methods of taxa- tion, and for what purposes the tax money shall be expended. Obligation follows power. Financial obligation is coupled with political power. If the nation controls it pays, and to the extent that it controls it pays. Washington is the only Capital in the world in which if certaln poli- cles prevail the Natlon would do all of the controlling and none of the paying. District Surplus Equities. A certain sum of money is now held In the Treasury of the United States which is claimed by the District of Columbla as its own, and which has been declared by a joint committee of Congress to be the property of the District. A bill is pending,, having passed the Senate and awalting action in the House with the approval of the House District committes, formally declaring this money to be a credit of the District of Columbia available for appropriation. This is the so-called District surplus. It extsts by reason money of present years (ev ery cent of which was needed to meet the urgent municipal needs of today) a fund of millions to provide in advance for meeting the first half-year expenses of 1927-8. In partial compensation for these drastic exactions the District was to enfoy for five years and in- deflnitely thereafter the benefit of approximate certainty, as to its ratio of proportionate contribution; it was through increased respect to be shown to the Commissioners’ estimates to have in substance the privilege of in- fluential participation in shaping ap- propriations of which it should pay 60 per cent, and it was to be spared for a long period the hurtful deadlocks over ratios between House and Senate which annually endangered the Dis- trict appropriations and undeservedly prejudiced House sentiment against the Capital community. 3 But no sooner is the definite 60-40 ratio fixed by compromise agreement, leaving only the surplus question to be decided equitably by Congress, and almost before the Capital community has adjusted itself to its new fiscal organic act and has begun to enjoy the promised blies of fiscal peace, than a proposition appears to repudiate the agreement upon the 60-40 ratio, to substitute a system ef indefinite con- tribution by Capital and Nation and to precipitate Washington taxpayers into the fiscal chaos from which they have Tecently emerged. The vital feature of the act of 1922, carried over from the act of 1878, is that it fixes a definite equitable stand- ard of national participation in Capi- | tal making, related to the contribution exacted in taxes from the Capital com- munity, and does not leave this stand- ard to the shirtings of capric Two practical questions in respect to financing the Capital have been of *vital importance from the beginning: (1) Bhall the national and local con- tributions be definite or indefinite, re- Jated or independent? (2) Who shall determine the relation of the amount of these contributions, respectively? The history of the Capital has dem- onstrated distinctly that these con- tributions should be definite and re- lated: and that if indefinite and unre- lated to insure justice each contrib- utor should have a voice in determin- ing the amount of his contribution. Since the day of the creation of the Capital the Nation's obligation toward the Natlod’s City has been the same— primary, exclusive and dominating. Not the obligation itself, but the de- gree in which it has been recognized and met has been the fluctuating fac- tor in the equation. From 1800 to 1874-8 the national and local Capital contributions were in- definite and unrelated. Each contrib- uted what it pleased toward Capital upbuilding. The Nation measured its own obligation In terms of dollars as next to nothing. The local com- munity raised and disbursed its own taxes at its pleasure. It measured its Capital obligation considerably beyond the limits-of its meager taxable re- sources and twice became practically bankrupt in performing almost un- aided the Nation’s task of Capital building. In 1878 the Nation confessed its vio- lation or gross neglect of its Capital obligation. It gave practical expres- sion to its revived sense of this obll- gation in its undertaking to pay one- half the accumulated funded indebted- ness of the District and one-half of future expenses. It took from the Dis- trict' the power of self-taxation and assumed completely exercise of the right to fix the local contribution as well as its own. In thus exercising taxation without representation over the District the Nation safeguarded the national community by the pledge that to every dollar collected in taxes from the local taxpayers should be added a dollar from the National Treasury and that the aggregate rev- enue should be expended for Capital upbuilding. The law of 1922 retains the principle of definite related Capital contribu- tions, in which the law of 1878 was rooted. That the ratio of this relation was changed from 50-50 to 60-40 did not alter the basic principle involved. The pending proposition destroys all relation between the national and lo- cal contributions, and, leaving all tax- ing power in the hands of the United States, deprives the unrepresented Capital of its safeguard against ex- cessive taxation by a taxing bedy in which it is not represented. ‘Whenever, § ever, the United of failure of Congress to appropridte all of the tax revenues of the District to fneet the annual needs of the Na- tional Capital municipality. In the act providing a permanent form of government for the District of Columbla, approved June 11, 1878, known a$ the organic act, it is pro- vided that the District Commissioners should submit to the Secretary of the Treasury estimates for maintalning the District government for each ensu- ing fiscal year, and that he should ex- amine them and to the extent of his approval of them transmit them through the Commissioners to Con- gress. The act then provides: To the extent to which Congress shall approve of said estimates, Congress shall appropriate the amount of 50 per centum thereof, and the remaining 50 per centum of such approved estimates shall be levied and assessed upon the taxable property and privileges in said District other than the property of the United States and of the District of Co- lumbia. This is the origin of the so-called halfand-half provision for the main- tenance of the District. In strict ac- cordance with this law the procedure is that Congress, having determined the amount of money to be expended for District maintenance, first appro- priates Federal money to the extent of one-half of the proposed appropriation, and that the remainder is then pro- vided by assessment and tax collection within the District. In theory, there- fore, there could never be a surplus of District monsy. There could never be a deficlt save as tax collections might fail. A surplus, however, could not conceivably exist. In practice Congress came to view the prospective amount of District taxes from year to vear as the meas- ure of District appropriations on the Falf-and-half besis, in theory taking that amount and doubling it to deter- mine the total carried by the appro- priation. Hed this practice been uniformly followed, with Congress eppropriating for District maintenance twice the amount of the prospective District tax revenues, there would be no surplus. | But during recent years it has not | done so. It has ignored the total of District revenues as the measure of | the Capital's budget, and thus from time to time moneys have accumulated in the Treasury which should have been used, together with equivalent sums of Federal money, for the Dis trict’s needs. Every dollar of the District’s money now in the Treasury awaiting con- gressional determination as to its use was raised by taxation on the 50-50 basis of prospective appropriation. No taxation was authorized by the law ex- cept on that basis and for that pur- pose. Had the act of 1878 been strictly observed every dollar of it would have been spent as two doliars under that law. That is the besis of the claim now pressed in behdlf of the District, that in declaring this accumulated surplus of District money to be available for appropriation it should, when appro- priated, be accompanied by an equal amount of the money of the United States. ———e— According to Senator Robinson of Arkansas, an attack on‘the President of the United States is not only bad taste, but also bad politics. The National Arboretum. Bills for the acquisition of a tract of land In the District of Columbia for later development 8s e nationa] ar- boretum 'are pending before commit- tees of Congress. They provide for the purchase or condemnation of an erea comprising the heights known as Mount Hamilton and Hickeys HIll, bordering on the Anacostia River, and for this purpose $300,000 is appro- priated. No money is provided for the development of the arboretum. The proposed act is merely to acquire the land and to establish the arboretum as an institution for the growth of examples of American flora, for scien- tific study. This measure, considering the two bills s one, for they are identical, should be enacted into law at the pres- ent session. Time is a factor of im- portance, for the land in question is now being brought into use, and un- less the Government takes it soon it will be cut up by streets and covered by dwellings, its value thereby being greatly increased. It can never be bought or condemned as chéaply as at present. This tract has been chosen for ar- boretum purposes because by some peculiarity of natural conditions it is THE SUNDAY 'STAR, WA growth of practically all native Amer- ican trees, as well as & wide range of the flora of other countries. The soil is especlally suitable, and the local cli- mate is such as to permit the develop- ment of a collection of flora represent. ative of all parts of the continent. It was discovered many years ago by botanists seeking for a location for an institution of this kind, and recom- mendations for its acquisition have been made on numerous occasions. Now the matter is being pressed upon the attention of Congress not only by the Government's scientists, but by or- ganizations and individuals interested in the culture of the native trees. This Is not to be regarded as a part of the park system of the National Capital, though naturally if the ar- boretum is established it will present the aspect of a park. Nor is it to be viewed as a duplication of the great Arnold Arboretum at Boston, ane of the most valuable scientific tree col- lections in the world. For the Arnold Arboretum, located in & much.more northerly climate, is not suitable for the growth of many forms of Ameri- can tree life that can be successtully planted and grown here. In @ sense this is an emergency measure, for, as stated, time is vitally important. Though years have elapsed since the project was first proposed, the occaslon is now urgent for action, for the growth of the city has brought this land into the range of.develop- ment, and another year may find it greatly increased in value. Further- more, it is decidedly advisable to ac- quire the land in its virtually virgin condition, rather than to transform the area into a tree-growing tract after it has been cut up into building lots and many of the trees already standing, which constitute already a virtual arboretum of rare range and quality, have been destroyed. Now is the time to act with least expense and with the greatest benefit. ———— Reports from Italy end other parts of Europe call attention to the com- paratively good fortune of a nation like our own, whose chief difficulties ap- pear to be enforcement of prohibition and motor vehicle regulations. After many years of patlent experi- ment it may as well be admitted that the expense of removing large quanti- ties of snow from Washington streets will have to be met every Winter. ——— A present sentiment in circles of American statesmanship is to the ef- fect that a little thing like a veto ought not to make any difference be- tween true friends. e —e—————— So much business looms up before Congress that a previous suggestion to help pass away the time by intro- ducing cross-word puzzles in the Rec- ord is hereby withdrawn. Muscle Shoals will be an enormous i help to the country when its service in practical industry s made to equal its present record as a conversation pro- moter, ————— Military: experts ‘continue to -insist that one ‘of the serious problems of warfare is that of getting a sufcient number of airships properly elevated. ———————————— As this is an era of standardization it should be possible to meke eventual arrangements for a uniform system of gun elevation, —_————— One of the queerest and most unfor- tunate friendships cver developed is that of the oyster and the typhoid germ. ————— In military matters even aircraft equipment is for the moment of less importance than statecraft facilities. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Slight Preliminary. A blissful state we'll reach some day, Content and all serene, Where every care will fade away From life's tempestuous scene. The tossing billows of the soul ‘Which havoc oft have made ‘Will soon subside and gently roil ‘When all the debts are paid. ‘When you no longer fear to meet With any I. O. U, When every mail brings a receipt Or else a billydoo. We shall be happy, one and all, With pleasure on parade ‘Mongst nations great and persons amall, ‘When all the debts are paid. Permanencies. . “There will be a number of impor- tant questions for Congress to settle.” “There will be important questions,” said Senator Sorghum, ‘‘but most of ‘em will be questions that have been unsettled for years pest and probably ‘will be g0 for years to come."” Panacea, The landlord says in accents wise, “Economizel” % The coal man shouts it to the skies, “‘Economize!” To every protest that may rise About the way that money fiies, Some sweet consoling voice repiies, ““Economize!” Jud Tunking says he wonders whether some of the actors will have the nerve to come out on the sidewalk and say what they said on the stage. Collecting Tribute. “I understand Crimson Gulch has mede it egainst the law to play poker. “Yep,” replied Cactus Joe. “The sheriff put that across. He can't win at the game, so he decided to fix him- self for a perpetual rake-off."” Music Hath Charms, I love the ukulele, I love the saxophone. I listen to them daily And cherish every tone. They're better than the drammer Of which we now complain. ‘They never use bad grammar And they're not at all profane. “De wicked stand in siippery places,” said Uncle Eben; “which. serves ‘em right foh not shovelin’ off de snow.” - Teaching of Bible in the Schools Urged as Need of Generation BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the United States. ‘There is no occaslon for pessimism about the ultimate fate of the human race. Human nature has a way of healing its own wounds just like nature has. Like nature also, it has a way of determining what condit'ons are most conducive to its finest de- velopment. In fact, nature and human nature are quite simllar ex- cept that human nature experiments with itself while nature {s experi- mented with by man. When human nature discovers that it is growing weak and anaemlo it begins to con- sider its condition. Improvement then Is very apt to set in. In an e veritably marvelous for its progress and packed with knowl- edge of all kinds, it Is not to be wondered at that the human race has reached the conclusion that it |Is quite competent to take care of Itself. The only puzzling part of it to me is the attitude of those who belleve im- plicitly in science and accept its truths without question, yet reject utterly everything spiritual, not being willing even to consider what the spiritually-minded among us is not a brief for fundamentalism. On that subject I worry myself not at all. ¥ oxow e ‘We have too great a reliance upon the things which we can see, while the unseen does not interest us enough. This is due, no doubt, to the way we have been trained to ob- serve. We have not reached a full development under normal conditions. 1 turn to nature for an {llustration of what I have in mind. Troplcal plants may be propagated under glass in frigid zones, but their growth is not normal and their development is incomplete. Evidences of a change of mind relative to human develop- ment happily are not lacking. We appear to be cognlzant of the absence of something we should possess. Men of all falths and of no faith are ap- proaching the conclusion that at- tempts to transplant human souls, which must have the dews of heaven and the sunshine of God in order to grow normally, into arid soil devoid of these elements must Inevitably fail. Here in America we are trying to get back to a condition which we abandoned. We are beginning by putting our children in an envirgn- ment where they may grow normally. I discussed this recently with a man of Jewish faith and extraction. He spoke feelingly of the Chicago mur- der in which over-developed intel- lects figured. Out of the evil of that horrible crime a religious enthusiasm is spreading among Jewish people, he 8a1d, adding that this was develop- ing & determination on the part of Jews to take charge of their chil- dren and see that they shall be train- ed in the ancient faith will less ab- normality of intellect and more nor- mality of religion. * x ¥ % The way back leads, of course, to the home. It is crooked and hard to PASSPORTS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN One of the busiest and also one of the few money-making bureaus of the Government is the Division of Passport Control, Department of State. It has been estimated that the cost of issuing a passport is something under 35, while the fee required by act of Congress approved June 4, 1920, is $9. If it is executed by a Federal officer an additional fee of $1 is charged. This cost includes not only the overhead in the depart- ment, but also an estimate of the expense to the Forelgn Service for the time they devote to such service. The total amount collected in fees during 1924 was $1,197,713. Most Americans respond to the lure of strange countries along about May and June—just at the best golf sea- son, as the secretary to the chief of this division moane. These two months always show the greatest number of passports lssued, and dur- ing this period the chief is literally burfed beneath stacks of important- looking documents tied with red tape. Messengers hurry in and out, soveral telephones jangle at the same time and pompous individuals wait tmpatiently for an opportunity to submit reasons why their passports should receive immediate attention. In 1924 26,347 passports were issued during May and 22.207 during June, as compared with 22,885 in May and 18,710 fn June, 1923 In order to obtain a passport it is necessary that a mative-born American send in a birth certificate. 1f this is not obtainable, a baptismal certificate, an affidavit of the phy- siclan who attended the birth, or affidavit of parents or reputable persons having sufficlent knowledge to be able to testify as to the place and date of the applicant’s birth, accompany the application for passport. An amazing number of applicants take exception to this rule. They will come into the office and protest in vigorous tones that the mere fact of their presence proves that they have been born, and that since they have been reared and lived all their lives in this coun- try, it is ridiculous to Insist upon birth certificates, affidavits and such. However, since it is impossible to obtaln a passport without such data, the storm eventually calms and the applicant produces the required in- formation. It should be. realized that this rule is made for the pro- tection of the citizen as well as the department, since its purpose is to prevent fraudulent application for passports and because the Depart- ment of State cannot be expected to assert as a fact something which has not been clearly proved. Regulations for Naturalized Cltizens. A naturalized citizen must submit with his application for passport his certificate of naturalization, or a duly certified copy of the court record thereof. This will be returned to him after inspection. A naturalized citizen returning to his native country for a visit some- times experiences difficulty in re- turning to the United States; owing to the fact that he has overstayed the limit of time set by law, which 18 two years. It is then necessary to prove that it wag his Intention to re- turn within the specified. time, but, through no fault of his, he was pre- vented from so doing. His word on this {s not considered sufficlent.. He must submit the actual fact and cir- cumstanoes. If he can prove that he comes under one of the following heads the presumption of expatria- tion may be overcome: First, his residence abroad may be principally as a representative of American commerce, and he intends eventually to return to the United States to reside permanently. Becond, his residence abroad may ba in good faith for reasons of health or for education, and he intends eventually to take up his permanent residence in the United States. Third, some unforeseeable and controlling exigency beyond his pow- er to foresee may prevent his carry- ing out a bona-fide intention to re- turn to the United States within the .| time 1limited by law, and he intends to return and reside permanently in the United States at the earliest pos- sible date. -He may have met with an- socident which prevents his trav- eling, he.may have’ been takea ill. follow. It winds through a wilder- ness of social opposition and Is beset by a thousand and one alluring pit- falls. But the way back 's beckon- ing us and the journey will be ac- complished. The agitation of our Parent-Teacher Associations for the teaching of the Bible In the public schools will help. Now that we have gone so far in higher criticism as to imperil the falth of countless thousands in the essential integrity of the Bible, the neccessities of life are demanding that all criticlsm be abondoned; more than this, that the eternal verities which the book contains bn put into the consclousness of the child. Parents and teachers are beginning to understand that though the children may be taught all mysteries. instruct- ed in all sclences, enabled to follow all pursuits, yet if they cannot easily and clearly distinguish right from wrong and lack the courage to choose the right, the education they have acquired will be more likely to bring them to shipwreck than to safe har- borage. * ® %k It is not proposed that dogmatism or denominationalism be taught In the public schools, merely that the youth of America shall receive some of the spiritual training which mark- ‘ed the education of thelr grand- parents and great-grandparents. With all our wealth and wisdom and ad- vancement we must not forget that the things seen are temporal, while the things unseen are eternal; that what we handle may crumble into dust, but that what we hope for shall live forever in perennial green. Our age has been wonderfully prolific in material things. We have been so enabled to grasp and conquer that w have come to doubt if there is any thing unachieveable, unobtafnable, uncontrollable. This has been accom- panied by a lack of respect for law, man-made and God-made. 1Is it any wonder crime flourishes In this age among juveniles as well as among elders? *x %% Something, if it is nothing more than a scarecrow, must be erected in the field of childhood to scare the crows away from the unseen and eternal. Fifty-five per cent of the homes of the United States have no church connections. Twenty - eight million of the children of the land would not know where to go to church if they conceived the desire to go. Yet a home in which neither father nor mother does anything for religion is not a home. I would pre- fer that the fundamental truths of life be taught outside the public schools, in the home or the Sunday school, as was the case in the begin- ning. But the Bible must be taught somewhere. Parents and teachers arc right in recognizing the need of spiritual training. They are moving in the right direction. They are wholly justified in turning to the pub- lie school as the most effective place | in which to supplement the work of | the church and the home. (Copyright, 1925, by 2ist Century Press.) AND VISAS. or other circumstances over which he has no control may have arisen. Fourth, he may be residing abroad as a regularly appointed representa- tive of a recognized Amerlcan edu- cational, scientific, phllanthropic or religious organization, and intends eventually to return to the United States to reside permanently. en a naturalized citizen finds that he is not going to be able to return to the United States within the re- quired limit of time he should im- mediately take the matter up with his | nearest American consul, setting be- fore him all the facts in the case Where Passports Are Unnecessary. While the United States does not | require s citizens to have passports either to leave or to return to this country, most foreign countries re- quire them of those entering or traveling within their confines. There are, however, a few exceptions to this general rule. Passports are not re- quired of American citizens for travel in the Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti (a landing permit must be obtained, however, from the Haitian consul in the United States), Honduras, New- foundland. the Republic of Panama and Paraguay. They are required by the countries through which one must pass in order to reach Paraguay. Passports are not required of Americans for direct travel from the United States to Mexico, but an American entering Mexico through a third country must have one. An American who intends making a tour of BEurope must have his passport visaed by an authorized rep- resentative of each country which he expects to visit. There are a fow exceptions to this. _Switzerland, Bel- gilum, Salvador and Dantzig are among these. The Netherlands does not re- quire a visa if the traveler is to re- main in that country eight days or less. The usual European fee for visaing a passport is now $10. This applies also to Persia and Japan. Formerly all countries charged less than this, but after the United States Increased its charge to $10 the others ralsed theirs accordingly. One per- son who took a passport to the Siamese legation in Washington to be visaed was bewildered to be told that the charge was 19 cents. Perhaps travel to Siam would be heavier were this more generally known. Foreigners coming into the United States must, of course, have their passports properly visaed by their nearest American consul, and steam- ship companies request that Amer- icans carry passports. They are par- ticularly careful to see that this is done in’the case of immigrants, since if they bring a man over who for some reason is found to be ineligible for entrance, they are held respon- sible for him until he lands upon his native sofl. They must not only take him back fres of charge, but must pay the Ellis Island authorities 33 2 day while he is held tfere, and sometimes in addition to this they are subject to a nominal fine for having brought him over. If such cases ocour with any degree of fre- quency the prestige of the line is also apt to be impaired, as the pro- spective American citizen is likely to place the blame of his misfortune upon the steamship company. Around the Corner. Christmas has come \and gone, but who will shout from house tops and street corners that Christmas is gone? For all called out now we hail the coming of the New Year. Soon we will take cheer from the approach of Easter, and so on through the Fourth of July and Thenksgiving until we cry again that Christmas {s coming, Christmas which is_the chief of festivals. Thus it is with men, and it is well so. We look to coming joys, and dwell pleasantly and none too re- gretfully upon those which are past. Whether or not Christmas fulfilled our expectations is of little moment. The joy of the road is In the going, not the arrival; success is in the do- ing rather than the achlevement; and life fs in the living rather than the attainment; truth, too, is in the seek- ing more than in what is found. So Christmas also is a progress greater than a mere fulfillment.— Emporia Daily Gazette, v Capital Sidelights One of the great evils in our Government is the desire of very many people to get an easy job or some gratuity from Uncle Sam. Congress is In constant warfare against attempts to dribble away the revenues to persons who think they have clalms against the Federal Treasury. Individual members of Congress are besieged and spend the major portion of their time in trying to determine which are the meri- torious claims and which should be rejocted. It is refreshing—and, in fact, a surprising revelation to most of the veteran members—that Representa- tive Charles Brand of Ohfo has dis- covered one of his constituents, now 80 years of age, who seems In every way entitled to a pension and who is fighting stubbornly against at- tempts by his family and friends to get one for him in recognition of his services in the Civil War. This man is Jobn S. Dear, North Hampton, Ohio. He enlisted in Gom- pany I, Ohlo Volunteer Infantry, in 1862, when he was 18 years of age. Afterwards his company was trans- ferred to the §th Cavalry. Here he remained until the close of the war —serving 34 months. He recelved an honorable discharge, During his war service he suffered a sunstroke which prevented him from indulging in manual labor during his later years. His old comrades declare he Wwas an ususually good soldler. One of his neighbors was fn the “100-day service,” and got as far as Columbus at the time that Morgan was coming up into Ohlo, Represen- tative Brand explains. This fellow contracted rheumatism s0o bad he walked With two canes. The Govern- ment gave him a pension of $24 per month and $1,800 back pay, which so rejuvenated his spirits that . he promptly threw away the canes. This case so riled Mr. Dear that he would not apply for a pension and repeatedly toid those who urged him to do so that there wers “too many getting pensions already who don't deserve them.” When his son.and daughter, who have for many years been making & home for him, proposed éoom-rv’g:y t!or h- pension to provide orts for his closing years, Mr. Dear hid his papers and" the soe and daughter, although they have hunted high and low, cannot find them. * x ¥ % Here, there and everywhere in the Federal service are careful little traps that ensnare counterfeiters and SHINGTON, D. U, JANUARY 11, 1925—PART 2. , MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. When the man who paid the big- gest income tax in the United States, accompanfed by the man at the head of the corporation which pald the biggest {ncome tax, arrived at the White House in Washington this past Thursday morning, they came on foot, plowing their way through the snowy slush which had graced or dis- graced the streets of the National Capital for more than a week. Of course, they couyld have arrived in gold-trimmed limousines, with livered chauffeurs and all that sort of thing, but somehow or other they just pre- ferred to walk. Furthermore, they arrived at the White House portals at 7:45 am when most of the Government clerks were perhaps teking their last forty winks, prior to a quick toilet, a cup of coffee and a hop downtown to the blg departments. The two men of extreme wealth ar- rived at the White House 15 minutes ahead of time. They had been asked for breakfast. The thought that they might miss the preliminary whiffs of the country sausage and the buck- wheat cakes and the coffee steaming up from the kitchen had made them early. And o as they reached the portico who should burst out upon them but President Coolidge himself, bound for one of his short, brisk early morn- ing strolls. Mr. Coolidge said howdy- do to everybody, for the two rich men were accompanied by several others— men of distinction in their chosen walk of life—and told them to walk right in and make themselves at home as he walked right out into the crisp morning air. Some of the callers would have jumped at the opportunity to walk with the President, but he was gone before they could make the suggestion. The President prefers to stroll alone and meditate. At the appointed hour for breakfast the President was back, and then the grectings were renewed. The two men of gold were John D. Rockefeller, jr., who pald nearly $8,000,000 in personal income taxes last year, and Judge H. Gary, head of the United States Steel Corporation, which outpaid the Ford factory last year by a few hun- dred thousands of dollars. With eight assocfates, Judge Gary and Mr. Rockefeller had come over to Wash- others who oftentimes turn unusual talent into tricky channels to frus- trate the law of the land. When Uncle Sam sets out to trip up these emart Alecks it's & 100-to-1 bet that he will do so, because the Federal service commands the cleverest tech- nologists in almost every line. As an up-to-date example, we find that seven men were convicted at Pittsburgh when charged with one of the biggest whisky frauds ever prose- cuted under the Federal prohibition law, through careful study of the fraudulent permits in the paper-test- Ing laboratory of the Government Frinting Office. This showed that the 300 suspected permits were printed on baper varying from all-wood pulp to 95 per cent rag content, and that none of them contalned the 50 per cent rag content which was used in printing the genuine whisky with- drawal permits. As a still further check, it was found that while the fraudulent per- mits were on paper which bore the special watermark “Internal Revenue Prohibition” this watermark was across the macMine direction instead of lengthwise the sheet, as in the Government paper. *x % % While verbally flagillating his home State colleague, Senator Dial, for the speech in which the South Carolina Senator sald that President Coolidge Wwas a better Democrat than most Democrats themselves, Representa- tive Willlam F. Stevenson compared his lame-duck Senator colleague to a combination of John the Baptiet, who cricd out “Repent ve, repent ye,’ and Elijah, who went back into the mountains and said “There is nobody left but me.” % ok % The Congressional Record is now and then and occasionally used for all sorts of publicity, usually to the self-advancement of some individual member. But now we find it extoll- ing the Southern mocking bird4-and it took two members of Congress to pull off this little publicity stunt. Representative J. E, Rankin of Mis- sissippl made a speech on thls sub- ject before the Mississippi Soctety of Washington, and Representative Fritz Lanham of Texas had the remarks “extended in the Record.” Representative Rankin said: “If, as the poet Burton has said, ‘a nightin- gale dies for shame If another bird sings better,’ then one melodious trill of Dixie's matchless songster would put a world of nightingales to in- stant and shameful death.” He calls this mocking bird of the Southland “the Caruso of field and forest, the Mozart of wild, music, the .grand opera of Nature,” and says that “he seems to embrace within his bound- less repertoire the songs of all the birds that have ever lived and those that are yet to come.” Still further idealizing this bird, Representative Rankin sald: “As courageous as the eagle, he guards with valor and vigilance his nestlings and his mate, repelling e invasion of the dreaded hawk, and scattering a flock of in- truding crows in ignominious flight. As gentle as the dove, he manifests the highest attributes of civilization as prescribed by the Golden Rule by reflecting in hsi daily life the senti- ments of his song.” * % ¥ ¥ While the Army appropriation bill was under consideration, a signal dis- tinction was pald to Gen. Isaac R. Sherwood, the oldest man who ever sat in the Natlonal House of Repre- sentatives, who will bs 90 years old next August, and who is retiring at the close of the present Congress. When the proposal was advanced that the United States Government should preserve for future generation: the historic points of the battle- ground at Franklin, Tenn., known as the bloodlest and fiercest battle of the Civil War, attention was called to the fact that Gen. Sherwood was oné of the chief actors in this battle, a commanding general on the Union side, and that it was the turning, point in the war. Emphasis was placed by Repre- | sentative W. C. Salmon of Tennessee on the fact that 13 generals and more than 40 colonels were either killed or wounded in this battle. There were about 60,000 men engaged in the bat- tle, which lasted only four .or five hours, and at its close there lay dead on the battlefield something like 10,000. An extract was read from Gen. Sherwood'’s recently published “Mem- ories of the War”: “And what a night that was. After the battle the dead lay around the breastworks from river to river, outside the breast- works in a wider line from river to river—a wider and thicker line—lay the Confederate dead. Amid the smoke and grime of battle anid under the dun clouds of smoke almost hid- ing the stars, the blue and the gray looked the same. I stood on the parapet just before midnfght and saw all that could be seen; I saw and heard all that my eyes could see or my rent soul could contemplate . in such an awful environment. It was a spectacle to appeal to the stoutest heart. The wounded, shivering in the chilled November air, the heartrend- ing cries of the desperately wounded and the prayers of the dying filled me with anguish that no language can describe. From that hour to this I have hated war.'”: N2 5 ington to tell the President that law enforcement was the great issue of the day and must be sternly dealt with, lest anarchy raise {ts hydra- head in this peace-loving, prosperou. country. Mr. Coolidge replied aye, Fifty Years Ago In The Star Renaming the avenues of Washing- ton has been a favorite pastime for many years, New Names Proposed = o e w changes have for the Avenues. . cually been offected. In The Star of January 4, 1875, is a letter to the editor in which a number of such suggestious are made, The writer says “Pennsylvania avenue is commonly understood, even in this city. as ex ury and President’s house, and t strangers visiting the District and to people througheout the country it is not known to extend beyond thos points on efther side. In the debates in Congress and in newspaper articles and letters everywhere the Capitol {s referred to as at one end of ‘the Avenue’ and the President’'s house at the other end of it. And Yyet only one-third of this Avenue is em- braced within those boundaries. One- third lies on Capitol Hill, east of the Cepitol, and the other third west of the President’'s house toward George- town, both of which have no histor- fcal or social notoriety as Pennsyl- vania avenue proper and are little known as such except to the few per- sons who reside there and their im- mediate friends and those who are obliged to pass through those por- tions of the Avenue as a thorough- fare. We propose Illinois avenue for that portion east of the Capitol and Towa avenue for that portion west of the Presldent's house. “Virginia avenue is divided by the grounds of the Washington Monu- ment reservation and the Smithsonian grounds. We suggest that the part which lies west of the President’s house, running from the old canal near the northwest corner of the President’s grounds to Georgetown be named West Virginia avenue. It is again broken by reservation 17, and that part of it which lies south- erly of that reservation might be called Mississipp! avenue. “New York avenue is broken by the | doctor. tending from the Capitol to the Treas- | 4 pound of verily, that he was several- thoughts ahead of the visitors slong" the self same lines. And so a hearty break- fast wes enjoyed by all * ok k¥ Young Mr. Rockefeller, who % fust rounding out his fifty-first year, is a very affable gentleman. While he and his companions were waiting for the President to return from his walk the dctive head of the Standard OIl mil- lions chatted with the White House attaches in a very ocordial manner. He made no attempt, however, to emulate his distinguished father by passing out new dimes. If he ever lives to attain the ripe cld age of Rockefeller, sr., now In his 85th year, the son promises to look extremely like his father. Even mow he must resemble some of the older portralts of John D., for there are distinctive characteristics abont the face, recognizable cven though the son is stocky and rugged and the father but a wisp of an old man who 100ks as if he could hardly buffet the gentle breezes that blow across the Ormond links down in balmy Florida. * ¥k x President Coolidge amazes his White House guests by the scope and pow- er of his breakfast appetite. Very few men who have crossed the 50 mark can sit down day after day to a breakfast of fruit and eggs and bacon and hot bisouits, topped off with country sausage and hot griddle cakes, plenty of sirup and two big cups of coffee. That's a working man’s meal for fair, and it spells either one of two things. Either ths President is able to eat the heart breakfast beca of his matutinal journeys through the streets of the Capital, or elss the early morning walks make an appetite which calls for such hearty appeasement. In any event the two go hand in hand and if the walks ever cease the sausage or something will have to go. i A certain young Washington miss “3 years old going on 4" wa being prepared for Christmas. She was told all about Santa Claus, and stockings and reindeers and Christ- mas trees and then final touch the mother exclaime “And what do you mother is coming to mas? The little miss was thoughtful for & moment and then with a worr voice she asked: “Is that all she is going to spend” (Copyright, 162.) thi spey Heard and Seen Jack Spratt from Catland to O; to the dignity of tended by a physici As long as t he was as ha he old days coldest nights, in the snow and the leet. No weather worried him Then he gave up the struggle with garbage cans, and traded the freedom of the alley for tha comfort of warm home and the certainty of a quarter of a pound of beekstcak da “Some trade, if vou ask me!” Jack Spratt “There’'s just o the matter with steak 0 half a pound. Jack doesn't but there trade. W be slowly began that hardiness as a kitten, unharmed. A fellow canpot warm his coat before a radiator day afl without becoming & bit soft. And that was how it came about that Jack caught a cold. * * x did not glear down, showing purred e thing quarter char know was more Ived in th he bec a hou: to give up some o which enabled him to wade through slect of ¢ tiger r day A few symptom so brightly a as he crouched light gray places on elbows, He did not miss a crumb, however Mr. Spratt has to be might 5 in- deed, before he refuses to e: He believes implicity in that old saying, “Feed a cold, starve a fever." Voluntarily he retired to his basket in the basement, and there spent the entire day. His muzzle took on pale look and his dolorous cast o countenance became accentuated. He was one sick tom cat. Then he began to thing seemed to catch in his throat as if he were having difficulty | breathing. “Maybe we had better cal the doctor,” sai " The veterinarian, called on telephone, said he would be around later in the afternoon. “Old Jack Spratt's going to have a doctor!” Hours went by, but no And then a big limousine s eves the President’s grounds, and we suggest | thrashed through the drifts and stop- the portion west of those grounds be | ped in front of Our House. named Florida avenue. “Delaware avenue is divided by the Capltol’ grounds, and that part which 1s south of the Capitol might be called Alabama avenue. “Maryland avenue is divided by the Capitol grounds, and we suggest Texas averue for that part lying southwest of those greunds. “Georgla avenue extends in site directions from the navy That part southerly of that might be named Arkansas avenue. “New Jersey avenue, divided by the Capitol grounds, might take for the name of the north part of it Nebra avenue. 3 “Massachusetts having the largest avenue in the city, running from the poorhouse reservation to Georgetown and divided by six squares and reser- vations, might surrender portions of it to California, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan and W i “New Hampshire avenue could well divide its honor with Oregon, giving up the extreme northerly portion to that name. “We do not propose these new names as surely the best and most appropriate which can be selected, but mention them only as illustra- tiong of improvements which might be made. We hope this subject will be carefully considered by Congress and the nomenclature of the streets and avenues of Washington proved. oppo- vard. * * % Northern Liberty, Market, now known as Convention Hall Market, £ © at the corner of Auction Sale of Fifth, X ana L streets, was so Market Stalls. |0y completed at this time 50 years ago that the stalls were put up at auction. An issue of The Star, beginning January 4, 1875, contained accounts of the progress of the sales, which took place in the center of the new build- ing, and were attended by large crowds of dealers and others. auctionéer was Thomas Dowling, who for many years presided over bidding sales In this city. On the first day of the sale, January 4, he announced that the ‘choice of stalls would be sold. to the highest bidder, and that the butchers, bacon cutters and fresh fish dealers should pay a. rent of. $10 a month and all others $5 a month. The stalls against the -north and. south walls were to be used by the bacon dealers, the four rows of stalls in the center by the butchers, thoae an the east side from K street about | half way to L street by the fresh fish dealers and those against the east and. west walls by dealefs in bread, butter "and miscellancous grticles. The prodgce demiess were to be be- The,| <ka | doing, I Out got the doctor, little black case in hand. “How-do-you-do, doctor, come right in,” we sald. ‘“Where do xou want to see the pateint?” “Any place there is plenty of light™™ JuoK’s eyes zot big as saucers when he saw the tall representative of, the healing profession. Willingly Sprat: vard| would have sought his basement ref- uge, but he was In for it now; saw that with one eye. What in the dickens was this man grabbing his hind leg like that? Cgunting his pulse, bunki Didn't he¥know that no cat likes (o have anybody monkeying around his hind legs? A fellow can. stand:hass- ing his front paws held, but the Jaii and hind legs are sacred. When the doctor took Spratsfem- perature, what howl went up. “Me-0W-0Ww-0w-0w-ow!” screamed Jack. Iie doctor examincd the. ther- 1s that very “Not for a cat,” replicd the dogtor replacing the thermometer in . its case. “You see, u cat’s normal tem- perature is 101 degrees. He has a cold, that-is all. Keep him in the house and he will get all right” “By the way, doctor, how much bad im-}meat ought we to feed him Jack Spratt glared at the doctor. as If saying, “You are no frlend of mine.” But that was taken. ‘Oh, give him haif @ pound & day. replied the doctor, So Jack is indebted to the doctor, after all, for getting his rations in- creased from a quarter to a half pound of nice, raw, juicy beefsteak. “Hot dog!” purrs Jack Spratt. C. BE. TRACEWELL. where he was mis tween the butchers and the side sec- tions, John R. Keily got the first choice of the butcher stalls for §5,350. John Ruppert paid $2,500 for second choice. During the first day the prices ranged down to $1,000. The sale continued two days. The market, it was an- nounced, would be opened by. prom: nade concert on the l4th of January, given for the benefit of the famill of the men killed or injured while working on the building. In a news article descriptive of the market bullding it is stated that the structure consisted of one immense room, 324 feet long, 126 feet wide, 35 feet high on the foet high in the center. . The cost of the building was stated by the archi- tect,- James . McGill; 10 -have been about §150,000. -