Evening Star Newspaper, August 10, 1924, Page 31

EVERYDAY RELIGION By RT. REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. PRI N Sl e e T SRR Y Cultivating the Best T. MATTHEW, xvii.19-21. “Why could not we cast him out?” Jesus said unto them, “This kind goeth not out but by prayer and discipline.” In the gallery of the Vatican hangs Raphael's famous painting, “The Transfiguration.” This matchless can- vas represents two scenes in the life of Christ. In the upper part of it the artist has portrayed the Master on the Mount of Transfiguration, where His divine nature was made evident to His disciples. The scene is de- signed to represent the sovereignty of Christ. Far apart from the world of action, on the mountain’s summit, Je discloses to His amazed followers s divine nature. So compelling was the scene that the disciples felt that in this state of glory and peace th might abide forever. ‘With a finé touch of genius Raphael has portrayed in the lower part of the canvas another scene, the very antithesis of the above. it represents Jife at its worst; life with its in- tuperable problems. It portrays a tather with a demented boy, whose seemingly incurable malady threatens to destroy him. The father has brought his son to some of the dis- ciples of Christ in the hope that might be healed, but they have sig: 1y failed to effect a cure. From e mount of glory and transfigura- on_Christ comes again to meet one of the hard problems of life. Here, ws in all cases where the appeal is united with faitl ie works the cure. In the canvas Iaphael has coupled the peacq and tisfaction of divine revelation with the application of these things to one of the hard prob- lems of life. This is in consonance with the whole method and teachings of Jesus. He came to bring to men not a theory of some future state alone, but to disclose the practical Values of a living faith in a world of, action. Rules Govern Development. Following the healing of the boy, the disciples in their embarrassment inquired as to the cause of their fail- ure to work the cure. They asked, concerning the evil spirit that pos- sessed the lad, “Why could not we cast him out® To which Jesus promptly responded, “This kind goeth not forth except by prayer and disci- plin. In this answer Jesus at- icmpled to make clear the fact that the development of the normal man is conditioned by definite rules. If physical growth and health are de- termined by a disciplined and or- dered life, then the same thing holds true of the spiritual. Man's nature is dual. He not only has a body to build up and maintain, but he like- enrichment demand the practice of faith, prayer and discipline. In the busy rush of our life we sometimes ignore the spiritual, while -we give ourselves wholly to the physical. Need of Awaken . On every hand today we are hear- ing discussions corcerning the need of a moral and spiritual awakening. Certalnly there are evidences in cer- taln aspects of our life that make such an awakening imperative. Whenever there is_a disclosure of moral decay and corruption, there is an insistent demand for more reli- glous training and discipline. We are pecullarly given to ‘spasms of this kind, and they arc generally ephemeral. Our whole -attitude to ward religion is in the main illogical and unreasonable. We give tacit rec- ognition of the beauty and the .su- preme qualities In the life of €hrist. We recognize the place that the church holds -in our_individual and corporate life, but when it comes to making our religion a matter of real self-disclpiine and obediénce to definite rules that are vitally related to it we treat the whole subject with inconsideration. We have been trying by all sorts of ways to reform man by ‘superimposed laws, and we have signally failed. In a word, we have been {rying to clean the outside rather than the inside. Jesus taught that all character formation was ef- fected from within. Not until we recognize His funda- mental principles governing life shall we witness any reformation that is effective. One Care for Evils. If 2 man has an evil propensity, or if he is guilty of some form of indul- gence that is destructive to the phys- ical as well as to the spiritual, there is one process, and one process only, by which a cure may be effected, and that is through his own efforts, in which prayer and self-discipline play o major part. This_is strikingly brought out in Harold Begbie's recent book, “More Twice Born Men." The book’ shows in a very striking way the supreme importance of dealing with men individually rather than in the mass. The season of Lent furnishes to each one of us a large opportunity for greater self-study and self-disci- pline. It calls us to a renewed trial of the method of spiritual develop- ment which Jesus taught. It empha- sizes again the value of prayer and self-discipline, and affordd us an’ op- portunity for testing the one method upon which Jesus insisted, and the only one by and through which we may realize the highest and truest things of our spiritual nature. We are too much concerned about the shortcomings and weaknesses of our neighbors; we give too little heed and attention to our own. We need to try out In our own individual lives the great teachings of Christ. We need a little more of self-discovery, and discovery very frequently issues -recovery. wise has a soul whose growth and (Copyright, 1024.) Fiasco at London Averted Through American Influence (Continued from First Page.) accept the plan at London—and I am | writing before the German phase has | been completed—there will be debates | and counter-propositions presented by the Germans. The matter of the evacuation of the Ruhr will have to be adjusted, some clear and definite assurance provided for the Ger that# they do comply the evicua will take place, otherwise the er-a man government ¢annot venture to accept the Dawes plan, given its do- political situation But it must be clear that a are dealing with a legitima“c concern. The French are obviously entitled to stay in the Ruhr just as 1ng as the Ruhr occupation has not achiev purpose, which was to eomuel man payment of reparation other hand, they have no right what. soever, to stay there a minute after they are assured of German payment. The problem is to find a formula which will at one time recognize Frenéh and German rights which ate neither mutually exclusive nor actually conflicting. Cannot Ask Too Mucl ioa | Of course, it is plain that if too much is asked of Herriot in the new phase of the London conference, ev-n will be of littie use overturned when bLe too, is true of ‘his acquiescence for he will be zets home—the the Marx-Stresemann cabinet. And until there is ratification of the plans and the agreements of Lond»a hoth by the French chamber and the Ger- man Reichstag, we shall no: be out of the woods, while the fall of the Mac- Donald cabinet over the Irish ques- tion. for example, might postpone, if it did not compromise, the Dawes program. On the whole, however, cne can say accurately that this jast allied conference, the fourteenth by some reckoning—most people have lost count altogether—has been measur- ably successful where all others were complete failures, because in all coun- tries concerned there has been a marked diminution in the strength of the extremists. The nations have at least come to the point of making a distinction between the rights which are inalienable and those which cen be parted with and not risk any real national disaster. France, for ex- ample, could always afford to surren- der the right to act independently, when therc is no real basis for ac- tion: Britain could surrender the right to challenge French independent action, when it was based upon actual German default of the willful sort. same, Sifts Down to Germa: In the end, however, the question will come down to the consent of ‘fermany to pay; success or failure of the Dawes ‘plan will depend upon the continuing advantage of Germany to pay. Under the debt settlement ar- rangement, which we have made with Great Britain, that country is to pay up annually $170,000,000 over a period of 60 years to liquidate a debt of $4,000,000,000. On the same basis Ger. many would pay the allies $600,000,000 for a similar period. We could not by force compel British payment, we should not resort to force in case of British_default, but the British will never default because they have ac- cepted the settlement freely and rec- ovgnize the alternative as disastrous to_their credit. Today the Germans will probably accept the Dawes plan because it in- sures an immediate loan and only eventual payments of large fixed sums annually. Success or failure for the Dawes plan will come three or four vears later when, having got thejr loan and having restored their eco- nomic and financial system. they are confronted with the obligation to be: Zin their annual contribution of $600, 000,000. No one can forecast whether then resistance, or compliance will seem to the German more advanta- geous or question .the fact that if it scems more profitablé to default, he will default. To Stay in Rhinela: Until this danger point is passed French troops are sure to stay in the Rhineland, even if the British retire— and the 15 years of occupation under the treaty of Versailles have still over ten to run, assuming that this occupation has begun, as the French do not. And it may also be assumed with safety that if the Ger- mans do default five years hence, the ¥rench will act again once the default is establiched ‘as wilful. No agree- ment such as has been made at Lon- don could- cover willful default and none should—that is. no agreement should be made which would leave the French hands tied in case of de- liberate German evasion. But four or five years of peace now will be a blessing of incalculable value to the world. TIn that time it is not impossible that adjustment will be made between. French iron and | German coal, that in a larger sense the mutual advantage 'to be derived from complementary interests may ] contribute to removing present bit- terness. As long as Germans and French believe in the main eincerely that the object of the other country is to destroy either by military occupa- tion or by a war of revenge, no real adjustment is possible. Muist Ervadicate Distruxt. It may be that it is impossible ade- quately to eradicate this mutual dis- trust and apprehension; if it is, the Dawes plan will fail, but-at the least it offers the best and the only con- ceivable plan. It embodies the sur- render of the unreasonable selfish concerns of both France and Britain; 1t will have, also, to recognize meas- urably the-legitimate rights of the German, right to pratection against wanton attack If he accepts in good faith, no matter how swift and far- reaching his recovery, right to pro- tection - against any attempt to de- stroy his territorial or political unity, In point of fact, however, Ameri- cans must recognize that the Dawes plan and the London conference, If it ends with the acquiescence of Ger. is only a step on the highway uropéan readjustment. There must:- be other. conferences dealing with the questions of interallfed debts, disarmament and military and other guarantees, particularly for France and Belgium. True, none of these questions could be approached with safety ‘until the all-important issue of reparations was adjusted, but even with reparations out of the way, the road to European reconstryction would still be long and stony. Means New Conferemces. Success at London, then, means new conferences, purely European discus- sions of debts. and guarantees, per- haps a new disarmament conference in which the United States could par- ticipate. Failure at London would have meant chaos, fatal postponement of all reconstruction.. But failure would, in my judgment, have been in- evitable if American influénce had not been at hand to give substantial rec- ognition to the fundamental .aad le- gitimate interest of France and Bel- gium on the one hand and Britain on the other. And if the.Dawes plan ever works in practice, it will cer- tainly owe as much to. Americans. in operation as it does already in origin. Conceivably, August 1, 1924, the tenth' anniversary of the outbreak of the World War, may yet be recalled as the date on' which Anglo-French acceptance of the compromises of the London conference marked the begin- ning of actual peace in Europe, although pending German acceptance all optimism. may be. unwarranted, just as ultimate achievement awalits the verdict of the French chambér upon Herrlot's committments. The Dawes report itself was estab- lished on expert economic authority that Germany could pay and -pay largely—a fact asserted by _the French and denled outright by the Germarns and_in large measure. by the British. ~The latest London con- ference in its Anglo-French phase has established the fact that, while Ger- many is in’ good faith Daying, she should be protected against.wanton intervention, but that if ‘she evades willtully she should be lable to coer- cion—that -is, that France may act, even independently, to enforce Ger- man _payment if -Germany defaults, but that'Germany shall be assured its right to recover if she pays. That is the point:we have now reached; what remains. is -to ‘test_the German pur- pose. : (Copyright, 1924, by the McCluré e Syndicate.) & Swedes to Canada. Dented admittance to :the -United States by the new immigration Iaw, Swedish immigrants are planping ‘to go to Canada instead, according to. Mon- treal immigration officials. .. It is esti. mated l&qt some. 20,000 Swedes ‘wauld have migrated to. ihe United States Taittads . las expociod (RAL. a1 Take 2 8+ expec Jar number:of ‘the balance will“come “to Newspaper PRETTI ROM being. a milk peddler, . ‘within a quarter. of a century, Clarence E. Schooley worked his way up_ untll he is in charge ‘of all mall for the President of the United States, for members of the Cabinet, for Congress, for the Su- preme Court, for the biggest indus- trial plant in the world—Uncle Sam's worl.shop—for the biggest single bus- iness in the world—the Post Office Department—and not only for all the residents of the National Capital, but also for a large suburban territory in Maryland and Virginia. When yau stop to realize_how im- portant this mail for the President and administrative, judicial and leg- islative officers of the Government is and that in handling the outgoing mail from the offices of the 531 mem- bers of Congress Mr. Schooley starts promptly‘on their way letters and help- ful Government pubiications to prac- tically every constituent of every congressman, you get some ldea of the ~responsibility of his position. Just think—he i3 responsible for the shipment of all supplies, including stamps. and money papers, to all the Post Office and Treasury branch of- fices throughout the entire country. * ok ox Schooley was born in Hamilton, Va., and for four years before moving to Washington in 1895 was assistant to his father, who was postmaster at North Fork; Va. Then he took a job as driver of a milk wagon for the Sharon Dairy, which he held for six years, until he was appointed t6 work in the Washington City post office. He was on a milk wagon during the big blizzard of 1898-99, and that was the only time he lost a day from work in the entire six years. At that, he drove the first four-horse team that broke through the blizzard to serve milk In the Mount Pleasant district. His_route covered from Clifton street to Park road and from Thirteenth street to Fourteenth street. He ped- dled from house to house more than 90 gallons of milk a day to some 200 customers. Twenty-three years ago Mr. Schoo- ley got a'job in the Washington post office as ‘a substitute carrier. In those days a substitute was paid 28 cents an hour for services performed. His duties at that time included de- livery of mail from room to room in the Post Office Department, the Pat- ent Office, the Land Office and the In- terior Department. It subsequently became necessary to discontinue the delivery of mail by carrier to the Government departments. * ¥ ¥ % After faithful service for two and a half years as substitute Mr. Schooley was appointed as a regular carrier, at the entrance salary of $600 per an- num, and served through successive grades in that position. His route covered the 1300 and 1400 blocks of New York avenuc northwest and the 100 block of Fifteenth street. Owing to the construction since then of many large office buildings in that territory, these same three blocks are now served by six different carriers. Fourteen years ago Mr. Schooley was transferred to the clerical force and made foreman of carriers, the duties of which position comprehend- ed the inspection of carrier routes, the establishment of new routes and the rearrungement of routes, as well as Investigation of complaints against the service of the office. Nearly five years later he was made foreman of clerks and assigned to supervision of one of the clerical crews in the delivery section. Op | The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is bfief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended Auguet 9: The British Empire.—Sir Jamee Craig, premier of Ulster, i3 still pros- trated by illness and the Marquis of Londonderry is acting premier. Mr. Thomas, the British colonial secretary, having failed to persuade the latter (in London on a visit) to yield a.jot re- specting appointment of an Ulster mem. ber for the Irish boundary commission, went to Dublin for conference with Mr. Cosgrave, President of the Free State. What happened at the conference has not been disclosed. - Mr.. Cosgrave has Dbeen pressing for immediate execution of Article XII of the London treaty of 1921 (which -created the - Free: State), which article - provides for determina- tion of the boundary between the Free State and Ulster by & boundary commis- sion. (THe reader is reminded that the Ulster government - refuses to appoint an Ulster member of .the commission as prescribed by the treaty.) , Mr. Cosgrave has been urgent for Prompt action -on the general grounds that delay in this matter is jeopardizing the life of his government, and that fall of-his government might completely un- settle the ‘Anglo-Irish settlement. The British government has equally valid reasons for .wishing to postpone parlia- mentary ‘action—its preoccupation with the German question, hope for subsi- dence, after an interval, of passion on the issue of “coercion of Ulster” now at ‘white heat in Parliament and the coun- try, and hope that, it an interval is al- lowed, the Ulster government may in the course of it change its mind. J Apparently Mr. Cosgrave agreed not to ‘press for immediate action. On Au- gust '6”'the British government intro- c -bill in.the Commons providing that, jubject to confirmation of an agreement by the British Pariiament and the Dall, the Northern Irish govern- ment's power to appoint a commissioner shall be. transferred to and exercised by the British government, and for the pur. pose ‘of.” Article XII of the treaty any commissioner - so appointed shall be deemed to be a-commissioner appointed by the Northern Irish government.” {Associated Press.) o Parliament is to reassemble a month ahead of the scheduled time—that is, on Septentber 30 instead of October 28—to consider the bill-above cited. It is all over with the gallant adven- ture of MacLaren, the British birdman, who, flying eastward from London in a Vickers-Vimy amphibian with two com- panions, was contesting with otur flyers the honor of the first to circum. ‘volate the globe. " On’ July 30 MacLaren hopped off from Petropaviovsk, in Kam- ‘chatka, for Nikolski on one of the Com- mander (Russian) Islands, about half- way bétween Petropaviovek and the westernmost of the Aleutian Islands. Foreed to descend’in a heavy fog, and moving at the speed of a hundred miles jper hour, he escabed hifting a rocky isle by a margin of only two:'feet. He then ich proved to have a and to'be inhabited, hove piane was soon beached iventire was ended, since, ull and : engine of the plane - there were no spare Had MacLaren been ‘British' government as. our have been aided by ours He was more vy, the Japa- ian - govern- nt (one of whose trawlers was fol. % from . Petropaviovsk) government. . the great. novelist, t the age of 67. & //arr(.;v ZW//zji CLARE July 1, 1915, he was promoted to the position of superintendent of car- riers, having direct supervision of all carriers throughout the city. Five years later he was made Sup- erintendent of mails, which is the of- ficial designation of his present po- sition. This carries with it the sup- ervision of-the registry, mailing and delivery sections of the main_ office, and of the personnel, both clerks and carrierse, at all of the classified sta- tions connected with the Washington “ity Post Office. *k * K The development of the postal serv- ice in the National Capital during his 23 years of service in the Wash- ington City Post Office marks the growth of the Capital itself. In 1901 there were but 417 laborers and clerks and 238 carriers. while at the present time there are 890 clerks, 100 laborers and 410 carriers. The re- ceipts were then slightly over $1,- 000,000, wherear they are now about $4,000,000 per annum. There were then but a few carrier stations and there are now 33 classified stations, 16 of which are carrier stations There are about 281,500,000 machine cancellations a year. There are some two million parcel post packages de- livered each vear, and some 1,400,000 special delivery letters, and more naturalized British subject, he was born in the Ukraine, the son of a Polish gen- tieman. The story of his career at sea is one of the most romantic among the lives of literary men. ek tor Germany.—On August 2 the London conterence reached agreement on the essential points of the procedure to put the Dawes plan into effect, and the Ger- man government was invited to send a delegation to join thé conference. The Germans arrived in London on August 5, and all hands are now hard at it, clarifsing, adjusting, getting the ma- chinery of application of the Dawes re- port into final &hape. Exigencies of space forbid me to dis- cuss details prior to the end of the bus ness. The most important feature of the understandings reached to date dominance of the principle of arbitr tion.” A very serious difficuity is pre- sented by German insistence on early military evacuation ,of the .Ruhr and German objectien to retention (as pro- posed by the French and Belgians for obvious reasons) of several thousand French and Belgian railway men in the occupled tefritory. These issues are technically outside the purview of the conference (the Dawes plan does. not deal directly with them), but apparently satisfactory agreement anent the Dawes lan presupposes their settlement, and, indeed, interest is centered in them at the present.. M. Herriot has gone to Paris to consult the other members of his cabinet and President Doumergue, No Goubt about these issues in par- cular. On June 1, 1924, the German mer- chant marine consisted of 1,300 vessels | aggregating 2,600,000 gross tons. The ratio of unemployment in Ger- many is only one-tenth that in Great Britain. - * kK Greece.—In the palmy days of an- cient Greece the most important Greek town north of the Euxine (now the Black Sea) was Olbia. It is a colony of Miletus, flourishing and rather “fast”; situated near the mouth of the Borys- thenes (now the Dnieper). The site of old Olbia (“Happy”) is being explored by Russian archeologists. They have turned up many interesting things; not least interesting. a vanity case complete, with mirror, rouge stick, charcoal pen- cil, etc. The more women. change the more they remain the same. The arche- ologists are recovering the past com- pletely for us; I expect that some day they will turn up Eve's vanity case. * * ¥ % Russia.—On August 5 the negotia- tions between the representatives of the London and Moscow governments, which had been dragging out in Lon- don. for four months; were broken off; on what ground or grounds does not surely ., appear. The next day, through the personal intervention of Premier MacDonald, they were re- sumed, and that evening Mr. Poin- sonby, British.undersecretary -of state for foreign affairs, announced to the Commons -that agreement had been reachied and that two treaties—a gen- eral treaty and a commercial treaty (to supercede the famous trade agree- ment)—would be signed oy the 8th. His disclosure -of the main terms of -the treaties drew a violent and contemptuous - _attack, ~not from conservatives only, - but - also from Liloyd. George, represeting the lib- erals. “Lloyd . George declared the treaties _“grotesque,” - no important point in issue being definitely settled; the- libera] party would not ratify. “The. -honorable gentleman.” quoth Lloyd-George, “is going to signeome- thing. tomorrow,. but he has not a ghost of an idea tonight what it is.” The principal features of the gen- eral treaty seem to be as follows: ‘While not proposing to repeal the decree of January, 1918, which re- mute& the debts.of the czarist re- gime, the soviet government excepts from its operation the obligations to British bondholders.. The Soviet gov- ernment will nefotiate with the bond- holders, _ This_plece of_information® NCE E. SCHOOLEY. than 2,500,000 sacks dispatched—all this besides the registered mail. The work of the Washington office, which Mr. Schooley has in charge, is different from that in any other post office in the country because of the great bulk of “free matter” sent out by Congress and the government de- partments under the franking sys- tem. Mr. Schooley's force handles some 120 tons of free matter daily. This comes from all the government burcaus, the Senate and National House of Representatives, the Post Office Department and the Govern- ment Printing Office, which is one of the largest contributors to this mass of mail. Just one little job that Mr. School- ey’s force handles with the utmost dispatch in. the early morning hours of every day that Congress is in ses- sion is to start on their way 40,000 copies of the Congressional Record, the official transcription of what Congress did the day before, and which go into every congressional district and all the big libraries of the United States. The Congressional Record really gets quicker service than letter mail, because it is shot right out to the mail train_the min- ute it reaches the post office while letter mail has to be canceled and handled for proper routing in the office. It is not true, as has sometimes been said, that Mr. Schooley is called upon to move the household goods of drew much Com- mons. A commission will be set up to pass on claims of British nationals for compensation for property national- ized by soviet decree. Miscellaneous claims will be in- vestigated and a lump sum in satis- faction thereof determined. When at least half the bondholders have expressed satisfaction with the terms offered. when the claims on ac- count of nationalized property have been satisfactorily settled, and if then the British government is satisfied as to the lump sum to cover miscellane- ous claims, these arrangements are to be embodied in another treaty, upon signature of which the British gov- ernment will recommend to the Com- mons that they guarantee the inter- est and sinking fund of a loan to the soviet government. The treaty not to become effective prior to such action by the Commons, (Loud laughter from the Commons). All _questions concerning loans, claims, counter-claims, etc., pertain- ing to the period from August 3, 1914, to date of dejure recognition of the soviet government by Britain, to be “reserved”—forgotten. Not least important, in view of the soviet government's monopoly of fo: eign trade, diplomatic privileggs (in- cluding extra territorial rights) to be granted to the soviet trade delega- tion in Britain. The question of ratification of these curious documents goes over to the next session of Parliament, which for sundry reasons promises to be “some” session. The treaties were duly signed on_the 8th. The annual Niji—Novgorod fair is in process. It is said that most east- ern countries are well represented, but no European country except Russia. ¥ laughter from the * Kk k Abyssinia.—In his recent round of European visits, Rastafari, regent of Abyssinia, brought presents for his dis- tinguished hosts; to the President of France, two lions and two zebras; ditto to the King of England, and ditto to the King of Italy. Very tactful. We are not told what he gave the Pope. Per- haps a dik-dik, one of those charming little antelopes which weigh only about 10 pounds, and which become very tame. Mr. Rey, one of the au- thorities on Abyssinia, tells of one that would wander about on the din- ner table, eating only the flowers. By the way, roses are the grand passion of these bellicose people, the Abys- sinians. One could wish to be in Abys- sinia_gazing at the acres on acres abloom with the Kussa roses. It is said that the Pope, always gra- cious, was gracious beyond his wont in his reception of Rastafari. There would be many obvious things to talk about, but I fancy that the Pope, that out-of-doors man, would be wanting chiefly to hear about the haunts of the dik-dik. How often must His Holiness, a doughty mountain climber, long to be breasting the summits, sniffing the keen air of the glaclers. * ok k% United States of America.—On Au- gust 2 our world flyers hopped off from Kirkwall in the Orkneys for Hornafjord, Iceland. They were caught in a dense fog and the ma- chine commanded by Lieut. Nelson be- came separated from the other two machines. The commanders of those two fearing collision’ with each other, turned back, and landed again at ‘Kirkwall. Lieut. Nelson kept on and made Hornarjford. The next day the fiyers at Kirkwall hopped off again. Lieut. “Smith reached Hornafjord in fine time, but Lieut. Wade, in the Boston, ‘was forced by engine trou- ble to descend to the water. A passing trawler took him in tow. Later the United States cruiser Richmond re- lieved the trawler. In an attempt to hoist the plane aboard the Richmond, the wing: nd pontoons were so badly damaged as to make the craft unserviceable. Lieut. Wade will be taken to Nova - Scotia aboard the Richmond and_will there be proyided ‘|some members of Congress under their franking privilege, but it is true that sometimes they ship large chests weighing 400 and 500 pounds each. * k k% The business which Mr. Schooley administers is now running some $4,000,000 a year and with a credit of 50 per cent of the pald receipts for the free matter handled. This puts the Washington City post office in the $6,000,000 to $7,000,000 class. It this office was given full credit for all the free matter handled, its re- ceipts would be more than $14,000,000 a year. It would then occupy fifth place among the post offices of the country instead of sixteenth. In this connection it must be remembered that Washington is not an industrial city or even a great mail-order city like Chicago, or a city that draws large patronage from suburban ter- ritory. Thoughtfulness to offer every pos- sible measure of rellef to the em- ployes who toil under him in Uncle Sam'’s service has been an outstand- ing feature of Mr. Schooley’s personal direction of the men. This was the tirst city post office in the country to try out the “rest bars,” against which !he"clerka could lean in distributing mail. When Mr. Schooley took over the Job there were about 50 or 60 horse- drawn vehicles for tollecting and de- fivering mail. These have been re- placed by motor vehicles, so that now there are only five horse-drawn vehicles, at outlying stations where the road conditions are not favorable for automobiles. There are 2,000 letter, package and chute boxes throughout the city. ‘There are 18 collections a day and 4 deliveries in the business section. In the principal residential districts there are 8 collections and 3 dellv- eries. In the suburbs there are 3 and 4 collections and 2 deliveries. Parcel post packages are delivered through out the entire city twice a day, and this is better service than anywhere else in_the country. Mr. Schooley has organized a force of 85 to 90 special delivery messen- gers. A number of these furnish au- omobiles instead of bicycles or mo- orcycles, and the public gets the benefit through better time being made. * % kK In order to handle the mail there is a fleet of 150 automobiles, some of which are in service throughout the entire 24 hours of the day. Approxi- mately 100 of these autos are on the streets from 7:30 a.m. until 6 p.m. The White House gets just the same service as is given throughout the business district—18 collections and 4 deliveries a day. In the corri- dor of the business offices of the White House a collection box has been placed for the convenmience of tourists, who frequently deposit there large quantities of picture post cards and letters to friends “back home” from the White House. The White House frequently utilizes the parcel post in sending boxes of flowers to persons outside of the city rather than employing the express compa- nies. The delivery service of the Wash- ington City post office under Mr. Schooley’s regime has come to in- clude not only ali of the District of | Columbia, but also to embrace a con- siderable’ territory beyond—Cherry- dale and Clarendon, Va.; Somerset, Friendship and a large part of Mary- land from the Takoma Park office, and three rural routes running from the Anacostia station to serve the section as far as Scotland, Md. I with a new plane for rejoining the fiight. On the 5th, Lieut, Smith in the Chi- cago, and Lieut. Nelson in’ the New Orleans, hopped off from Hornafjord to Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. The next scheduled hop is to Angmag- salik on the eastern coast of Green- land. ice conditions along coast of Greenland are the worst known for many years. The vessel bound for Angmagsalik with supplies for the fliers was at last report drift- ing in an ice-pack off shore. There is sufficient clear water in Angmagsalik Harbor, but no provision for refuel- ing there. Search is being made alonz the ecastern coast of Greenland south of Angmagsalik for a suitable substi- tute for Angmagsalik, It is thought that to attempt to make Ivigtut in one hop from Rey. kjavik (1,000 miles) would be taking too great a risk. At the wogst, the planes could be refueled at sea from one of our vessels, but, though feas- ible, that seems to be considered a very undesirable operation. * % %k * Notes.—It is reported that a party of Swiss, under auspices of the Swiss government, will next year attempt the ascent of Mount Everest. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey has passed a law forbidding polygamy, except in ‘unusual” cases. Another little insurrection in Hon- duras. Radio Letters and Rumanian Trade Now we have the radio letter serv- ice, which is facilitating trade for the United States with other ocoun- tries. 7 Rumania has started this commer- cial innovation, accordng to official reports from Consul Ely E. Palmer, at Bucharest. The Rumanian council of minister’'s has approved Rumania’ participation in the international service of radio letters to American countries, which has just become ef- fective. The radio letters will be sent to Germany, whence they will be sent to America. As the commercial or private use of code is forbidden by the Rumanian authorities the tranms- action of business between the two countries by cable has been frequent- 1y hindered and attended by heavy expenses and misunderstandings. Under the new system a radio letter will cost about $1.70 for twenty words, which is considerably less than the $7.16 required for the corre- sponding cablegramh and will be transmitted in better time. It is believed that the new radio- letter service will greatly facilitate the transaction of business between Rumania and the United States. the eastern Cigarette Smoking Shows Big Increase Of the world’s .production of- to- bacco, amounting to nearly 4,000, 000,000 pounds, the United States produces about 35 per cent. Europe absorbs more than 85 per cent of the United States’ exports of leaf ‘to- bacco. Therefore, the American tobacco industry is vitally interested in con- ditions in the 11 European countries which furnish the most .important market for American tobacces. Con- ditions as a whole show. marked im- rovement over the past few years. oth in' Europe and in the United States there has been a tremendous impetus given to cigarette produc- tion and comsumption. This feature offers much - encouragement to the outlook for a satisfactory market for American _tobacco. Banker Reproaches B usiness Men Who Do Not Vote. BY EDWARD Are politicians good citizens? In America at least he is seldom 0 regarded. The esteemed Mr. Web- ster, In his well known dictionary, probably expresses the popular idea when he defines a politiclan as “one who uses politics for private advan- tage, a spellaman, 2 political ‘schem- er” Eut in a totally unexpected quarter the politiclan has found some one to say a kind word for him in the person of Lewis E. Plerson, until recently president of the New York Merchants' Assoclation and formerly president of the American Bankers' Assoctation. - Mr. Plerson, as chair- man of the board of tne Irving Bank- Columbla Trust Company, is one of the foremost bankers in the country, and therefore represents a _class which Is traditionally - supposed - to be hostile to politictans and all their works. “It 1s all very well to denounce the politician,” 'says Mr. Plerson, “but 80 far as_participation in government is concefned, the poitician is alert and active, while many of the people who denounce him are not. The man who takes no interest in politics and brags of the fact is nelther a good American nor a goog citizen.” Campaign Issues. I asked Mr. Plerson, as one of the leading business men of the country, to define for me the issues of the presidential campaign from the point of view of the business community. “The blg issue in this campaign,” he replied, “is the same issue which we have had In every campaign of which I have any knowledge. It is the issue.of good citizenship versus bad. Complaining about our Govern- ment seems to have become a popu- lar pastime, but we can never have better government as long as millions of Americans claim all the rights of citizenship and shirk all the duties. If you want to know what I mean by that, I ‘will simply ask vou to econ- sider the record of the presidential campaign in 1920. If you were to judge by the newspapers of that time, you would belleve that the whole nation was stirred to its depths by the {ssues which were then at stake. But what was the result when election day came around? Only Half Voters Voted. “Approximately one-half’ of the qualified voters of the country never went near the ballot boxes. “Renfember that that was a presi- dential election, an event which al- Ways arouses greater interest than local or sectional contests. The rec- ord in such elections as have been held since then is more depressing and casts a still greater reflection on American citizenship. 3 “In 1322 thirty-two United States Senators were elected, and, if you were to judge by the voting, you would have to conclude that most Americans did not care who was made a member of the highest legis- lative body in the tand. Only six of the thirty-two received as much 2s 30 per cent of the registered vote in thelr respective States, and two were elected by less than 10 per cent of the voters. One of these two was Senator Shipstead of Minnesota, a radical whose revolutionary views have aroused bitter criticism among the business men of the country, as well as among all Americans - who believe in our institutions and in the orderly evolution o government Senator ‘Shipstead has never made any secret of his views, and yet 33 per cent of the voters in Minnesota failed to vote at the time of his eloction. Washington Is F. ROBERTS. “Another of these thirty-two Sen-& ators was Robert La Follette of Wis consin, who is now being assailed from many quarters because of his" action in launching a third party in a deliberate attempt to, upset thes political organization of the countrs and destroy the two-party system.. under which we have become the greatest and most prosperous coun-+ try in the world. Critics of Senator La Follette should find plenty of food for reflection in the fact that he was returned to power by only 29 per cent of the voters of his State.” = “Do _you regard the emergence of a third party in national politics as a definite evil?’ I asked. Two Parties Emough. “I do" replied Mr. Pierson em- Phatically. “Since the birth of out nation we have had practicalty only two great parties, and this system has always been an assurance of pub- lic stability. Blocs and cliques are not political parties, and as soon a we depart from the two-party system- we are heading directly into the dis- astrous confusion that results from splitting up our political groups into a number of cliques. This inevitably means that in contrast with politicaks parties representing national inter- ests, these blocs represent merely groups of individuals who combine more or less temporarily for group or sectional advantage, and not ir support of any broad principle. When we read of the politics of some Eu- ropean countries we are Jost in maze of Conservat Liberal. cals, Clericals, Anti-Clericals, ists, Laborites, Rights. Lefts, trists, Anti-Semitics, Moderate So- clalists and heaven only knows what besides. That is onc reason why- ministries in European countrjes are. so unstable and why parliamentary life there consists Jargely of com-’ binations of discordant elements that are united only by an itch for pub- lic office. Such a multiplicity of blocs in any couniry i1s a standing menace to public orger.” “Is it not true,” I suggested. “that many Americans and especially American business men feel that it is useless for them to vote, because candidates and political control are invariably in the hands of a political machine dominated by professional politicians and in the operation of which they have no voice?” Voting Not Enough. “That is no excuse whatever,” re sponded Mr. Pierson sharply. “The duty of a citizen in a democracy does not consist merely in periodical visits to the ballot box. If that is all he does, he is a shirker and is merely acting as a rubber stamp for wha has already been done by some one else. We shall never have the kind of government we ought to have until® the average citizen is willing to sac-, rifice a part of his time and energy to the cause of good government. It is not merely his privilege but his duty to be a member of his local po litical organization. to attend it meetings. take an active part in its actions and make himself a real voter. in the selection of the man who shall represent him in public office This ' applies peculiarly to the busines man who is a natural leader in hise community. Only when all citizens take as keen an interest in govern- ment as’the professional politicianc does shall we see real progress in th. conduct of our Government. . “The politician helps to select the® candidate. He votes for him on pri- mary day. He votes for him on elec- tion day. He does everything in his" power to make effective the kind of government he wants. Should a good citizens do any less? 7 (Coprright by U. P. C. News Service, Inc Preparing : For Increased Population: (Continued from First Page.) diplomats, bureau and depmrtment heads, secretaries, former members of Congress and so on. So the problem confronting local real estate men becomes more compli- cated. If . retiring officials do not move out of town, there arises the necessity for finding extra accomoda- tions. That is just what Washing- ton is doing now. Take a drive out Sixteenth street or Connecticut ave- nue. You will hear exclamations of wonder at the magnificence of homes being constructed. Rest: assured they wouldn't be bullt if there were not a reasonable prospect ‘of pur~ chasers. The coming inauguration and turn- over in Congress will find Washing- ton better fitted to care for the hous- ing demands than-everbefore. The shortage “of living - accommodations during the war that led to Govern- ment regulation of rents has in great measure passed. There appear to be plenty of houses for sale and for rent, although it is admitted prices have not dropped to any marked ex- tent. Incoming officials, therefore, should have little trouble in picking a place to live. i As was stated heretofore, real es- tate is not the only field which profits by the elections. Washington cloth- fers always experience an increase in volume of business during a period of change such as impends next March. They are now getting ready to outfit newly elected members of Congress in the apparel proper fori their station. The plug® hat mer- chgnts also are looking forward to- every switch ordered by the votersr in the states. . Prepare for Inauguration. And as the ci thus grows there occurs a proportionally improved out-" look for business of all sorts in the' Capital. Enlarged population creates’ swelled receipts in the cash regis- ters about town 2 Eight months hence Washington® will be the scene of its quadrennial celebration incident to the inaugura- tion of a President of the United States. 1f a new President is in- stalled the greater will be the changes. At the same time, figura- tively, the Sixty-eighth Congress will- pass “into history and a new one, marked by many new faces, will come into being. 2 Eight months is-not a long time in which Washington may prepare to welcome new guests at the threshold of a great nation. One cannot have a successful house party by sitting back and twiddling one’s thumbs. Consequently, behind the scenes, unnoticed - to the public generally,” there is being set in motion the ma- chinery that will open up to the in-s coming families a city of comfort, pleasure and attractions to lighten the burdens on the shoulders of the: public servants and to lure them, too.,. into staying here as permanent, Buests after the people have shifted the public cares to some one's else shoulders. v How the American Peanut Was Introduced Into China The original Chinese peanut looks like a shrivelled up old lady about 99. Until 35 years ago the 400,000,000 people in China knew nothing about any better variety. But in the year 1890 Archdeacon Thompson of the American Episcopal Mission took to China four -quarts of “foreign pea- nuts” as the large. variety is com- monly called in China to the present day. . _ Mr. Thompson divided them equally Wwith Dr. Charles R. Mills of the American Presbyterian Mission, who took them with him to his town in Shantung, which province has be- come one of the greatest peanut cen- ters of the world. Dr. Mills divided his two quarts of peanuts with two of his church mem- bers on the condition that they should increase them for three years and at the end of that time use them for general distribution. One of the farmers at the end of the first year ate all his crop. They were fine and big and he could not resist the temp- tation. The second farmer, however, fylfilled his contract falthfully and distributed them at the ‘end of the third ylar. Because of. their large size they were eagerly accepted. and grown wide'y. R .Hopes in the rapid spread of the, large foreign peanut were somewhat shaken when, after trying to extract the oil, as was their custom, by grind- ing up both the hull and the kernel previous to applying the pressure to' extract the oil, it was found that the thick shell of the peanut absorbed practically all the oil. Then some one’ got the happy idea of shelling the pea- nuts before pressing out the oil. This was done, and the value of the for- eign peanut was clearly demonstrated. This saved the day for the foreigm peanut, and ever since its production has been increasing yearly, until at the Dresent time it enters into China’s for-, elgn commerce to the extent of mi lions of dollars annually. ’ The introduction .of the peanut into Penglaihsien, Shantung, was considered such an important event that a large stone tablet memoralizing the virtues of the foreign peanut has been placed in the Yamen grounds of the magistrate of the district. » Highway Traps. During the Summer time it is a well known fact that robbers lurk on the highways. These men have certain methods of operating which are likely to beguile the innocent automobile camper. The highwaymen sometimes use a stalled car as a decoy and some- times a human dummy stretched out on the road. These two decoys are usually effective in'stopping the pass ing motorist, whereupon the high- Wayman steps out and holds the prety up.at the point.of a gun.