Evening Star Newspaper, May 13, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR __ With Sanday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.........May 13, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bastness Office, 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. N'C-hl'"k ggu: _}m n;‘lmll-‘l 8t. ca " Towe: 5 2 Oftice: 18 Becomt St., London, Engtand. ng Star, with the Sunday morning delivered by carriers within the r month; daily only, 45 cents per month; Sunday oniy, 20 cents’ per month. Orders may be sent by mail of tele- Dhone Maia 5000. Collection is made by car- Tiers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, The Bvenis edition, i city ‘at 8 Dally only. Sunday only. yr., $6.00 ; 1 mo., 50¢ 1yr., $2.40; 1 mo, 200 All Other States, Dally and Sunday.1 yr., $10.0 Daily only ......1yr, $7.00;1mo., 60c Sunday only, J1yr, $3.00;1mo, e Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is esclusively entl! o the use for republication of il news dis- patehes credited 1o it or not otherwise credited n this paper and also the Joeal news pub- lished herein. Al rights of publication of pecial dispatches herein 15 reservea —_— The District’s Surplus. A subcommittee of the House Dis- trict committee which has been con- ducting a hearing on the bill lately passed by the Senate giving effect to the findings of the joint congressional committee concerning the existence and amount of the accumulated tax surplus to the credit of the District in the Treasury, today voted to re- port the bill favorably to the full committee. This bill provides that there shall be credited to the general ®ccount of the District certain sums which have accumulated as a result of the failure of Congress to appropri- ate fully on the established ratios of District-fed contribution all of the District’s tax revenue available for sc. This amount stated in the bill $4.438,154.92, representing the dif- rence between all its credits for the District and charges against it. Tt also provides that the controller gen- eral shall make a report te Congress as to any further amounts under specific heads that may be added to account of the District. he joint congressional committee wund and reported that there was a wrplus in the Treasury to the credit of the DI ict, which was legal- 1y and morally due to the District. It found that this surplus was not a myth, but a concrete fact, raising a distinct obligation not to be waved aside, Tt bused its findings upon the authoritative certificate of the con- troller general, upon the report of of- fici accountants of the committee and of the Treasury Department and of the auditor of the District. Analysis of the conditions creating the surplus demonstrated concrete existence, the definite obligation, legal and equitable, attached to it. Congress in 1903 recognized that there could ‘be and would be such things as surplus revenues of the Dis- trict by directing that the advances which it was then making to meet District tax deficits should be *“reim- bursed to said Treasury from time to time out of the surplus revemues of ' the District of Columbia.” In the ourse of time the District deficits were met and were converted into sur- Congress then recognized the ence of such surpluses by apply- ing portions of them to the pavment of alleged ancient indebtednesses of the District to the United States. The United tes, having recog- nized credit items in its favor accru- ing from deficits in District tax rev- enue created by the operation of the half-and-half law, and reimbursing it- self from the District revenues with interest for advances to mest such deficits, cannot legally or equitably refuse to recognize 2 corresponding debit item in the shape of surpluses of collected and unexpended District taxes. Already the ted States has recog- »d this equitable principle in apply- ing for the fiscal years 1921-19 temporary 60-40 ratio in District ap- yropriation bills by carrying over sur- pluses or deflcits into the succeeding car. The legal and moral obligution thus domonstrated to exist equitably itistied only by the application of the "plus in accordance with the half- o f law, under which it was ac- cumulated to meet the District's half ©f the expense of neglected municipal rceds of the war-time, which neglects permitted its accumulation. Applica- fon of the surplus under any other yatio is inequitable. is ————— The gentleman's agreement will be > to function in its highest and t creditable efficiency when it pro- vides for an understanding among na- Tions that will make the barbarism of war. impossible. —_——— Lovers of the picturesque hope that the differences betwpen managers and actors will not be settled so promptly as to prevent the people from seeing some of their favorite stara in a street parade. ———————— Count Ludwig Salm von Hoogstrae- ton has had a great deal of advertis- ing that he could utilize nicely if he were only a classic dancer or even a fair motion picture actor. — e George M. Kennan. A man died vesterday at Medina, N. Y., whose name, though once fa- maliar to all readers of the news in this country, has for a long time passed out of public reckoning. This was George M. Kennan, traveler, in- vestigator and writer. Ho was particu- larly well known in Washington about forty years ago, when he was a mem- ber of the staff of the Assoclated Press. But it was especially in respect 1o his explorations in distant coun- tries that his became a familiar name closely linked with Siberia, into the depths of which he penetrated at a ‘time when it was virtually’ a closed Jand. Singularly, Kennan went to Si- ‘berfa mot as a writer, but as a'teleg- rapher. There was a plan to establish telegraphic communication between the United States and Europe by way of Canada, Alaska, Bering Straits, Si- ‘beria and Russia, for it was thought that the project of laying a cable gacross the Atlantic ‘'would be a fallure. 'While Kennan ‘and his compenions e were buried deep in Siberia & mes- senger reached them with news that the cable had been successfully laid. This contact with Siberia developed an interest in that strange and then unknown land, and thenceforward Kennan traveled widely there and wrote voluminously about it. In Kennan's day Siberia was the land of Russian exile, the land of cruelty and torture, of mystery, of slow death for those who sought to oppose the tyranny of the Russicn regime. Kennan's writings made for a profound American sentiment against Russia in this country. They widened the horizons of the American people. In after years he went into other fields, and all he wrote was re- ceived with eagerness by the Ameri- can reading public. He was an ac- curate observer, a faithful recorder and always an interesting chronicler. George Kennan made history as well as wrote it. Floods of the Past. Many Washingtonians who have driven through Potomac Park re- cently to look at the high wa- ters raging toward Chesapeake Bay, caused by the exceptionally heavy rainfall of the past few days, were perhaps unaware that only a com- paratively short time ago such a freshet would have meant a very seri- ous danger to the city. That was when the old Long Bridge spanned the Potomac at about the place where the Highway and Rallroad Bridges cross it now. That bridge was a veri- table dam, which in time of high wa- ter caught the debris and choked back the stream until it flooded the lower part of the city. It was then that occasionally boats were to be seen on Pennsylvania avenue and streets leading south, when the wa- ters came up to the buildings, when cellars were flooded, when the sewers failed to discharge their contents. The old bridge was supported on a series of plers that from time to time had been protected by deposits of rock. The river bed was a series of shallow “‘scoops™ at the bridge. Float- ing logs and other debris from up the river were easily caught. In spring the ice jammed against the piers. At times Washington's hope for succor from the flood rested on the possibil- ity that the bridge would be destrowed by the floods. On several occasions sections of the bridge were actual carried out and the pressure was thus relieved. Now there is no danger from this source, and although the river rises even at times above the sea wall in the park there is no flood menace, save along the water front itself. It has been many years since the possi- bility of inundated cellars in the busi- ness section of the Capital has been feit, thanks to the replacement of Long DBridge by higher spans on stouter plers, with greater clearance for the waters in their southward movement. Had the old Long Bridge been standing Saturday Washington would have been menaced with inun- dation and Potomac Park would prob- ably have been covered, with the Lin- coln Memorial rising as an island out of the flood. And Yet More Trouble! As if the Democrats were not con- fronted with enough embarrassments, difficulti and complications in their coming national convention over the | selection of a presidential candidate, here come the Underwood managers with a threit to go on the convention foor with a demend for an anti-Ku Klux Klan plank. Another pinch of emery in the bearings, one more monkey wrench in the machinery, The demand for seats in the conven- tion hall to witness the inevitable shindy ought to increase two-foid. The Underwood managers assuredly have their courage with them in such an undertaking. The primaries in Indiana a few days ago showed the existence of pronounced Klan strength In the Republican party in the Hoosier state, and it would be thought it . exists among Democrats as well. But if the project is carried out it will show the consistency of Senator Underwood. He started early in his campaign for the nomination to throw defiance at the Kian. He has been taking punishment at thelr hands ever since. His idea is that the party should do battle with the Klan openly as he is waging it. If the demand is made for an anti- Klan plank by the party the whole question will come to an issue, al- though some political heads may be broken in the doing of it. —_————————— Armed strife in Albania is due to differences of opinion as to where the capital ought to be located. In a natu- rally disputatious populace one cause for argument is as good as another. —————— While the taxreduction case in Congress reveals remarkable compli- cations, bulletins are issued regularly to assure the public that there is still hope. ————— The abrogation of & gentlemen's agreement may require more tactful courtesy than was needed to reach it in the first place. Tulips. Takoma Park has closed its tulip show. Nearly everybody in that sub- urb visited the library where the gay flowers were on exhibition, and there was distribution” of prizes and much learned discussion of tulips. At this time of year tulips bloom their bright- est in the public parks, and they are particularly happy in the suburbs. There they get the attention which is their due. People stop to admire them and to make comment on their beauty, for there are few tulips, perhaps there are none, without some charfn. All flowers have a history, and some flowers have a long and wonder- ful history. It is not known that tulipe were blooming for those early anclents for whom the rose and carmation bloomed, but tulips were probably showing their colors in gardens in the east when Persians thought they were making ready to annex Greece. It is almost certain that when Alexander carried war to the east he saw beds of tulips. The tullp was a& prosperous flower in Byzantium, and when Turks took Constantinople they gave much notice to the tulip. Members lof ‘the |and in 1913 a commission was created | sion’s plan scems acceptable to every- | he believes in Darwin and Karl Marx | demonstrates capacity for a long in- THE E tulip tribe moved from Constantinople to Vienna early in the sixteenth cen- tury end then to Holland. 1t was in Holland that the tulip cut its wide swath in history. Men went tulip mad. Thousands of people specu- lated in tulipe and thought they were investing. Fortunes were made and then lost. It is told that for one bulb $5,000 was paid by a stock company which planned to propagate that species and make millions for its stockholders. Even in those honest days tullp stock :ompanies that did not own a tulip got out prospectuses and sold stock to credulous folk. The government sought to regulate tulip companies and tulip speculation, and at length the tulip boom blew up, as is the fashion with most booms. In the tulip panic many rich people were made poor and many poor people ‘were made poorer. For nearly 300 years Holland was the tullp country, but it is sald that there are American tulips as fine as any in the world. No doubt the Ta- koma tulip show was as bright as any- thing of the kind ever held at Ant- werp or Leyden, if thev hold tulip shows in those cities. Takoma and Brookland tend more strongly toward flower shows than Mount Pleasant, Cleveland Park or Chevy Chase, and we will soon be reading stories of the Brookland rose show. Memorial Bridge. Early consideration of the Memorial bridge bill by the Senate seems likely. Senator Fernald of Malne, In report- ing the bill favorably from the com- mittee on public Dbuildings and grounds, urged that the measure be considered and enacted at the earliest time possfble. It is believed that the sentiment of the Senate favors the construction of the bridge according to the design of the Memorial Bridge Commission. Senator Fernald told the Senate that outside of Washington there is much interest in the measure and strong support for it. There is widespread interest in the proposed bridge as a memorial, as a splendid entrance to the Capital and as an im- portant link in the cross-continent Lee highway. Construction of this bridge was pro- posed many times during the decade 18901800 during preparations for the National Capital centennial, and it was eurnestly approved by President McKinley. Tt has been advocated by a great number of patriotic Americans who have passed from earth, and whose names are prominent in the history of the country. It has come under consideration of one branch or the other of Congress several times, to prepare plans. ‘The present Memorial Bridge Com- mission was appointed by authority of Congress in 1922 to prepare a de-| sign. President Coolidge, 2 member of the commission, presented the plan to Congress last month. The commis- body interested in the matter, and| provides that this shail be one of the | great highway bridges of the world. The commission has urged that work on it be begun at once, and that the appropriation for it be expended over a period of ten years. —— e The clergyman who announces that tellectual jump. Darwin presented a theory of physical evolution that tends to satisfy curiosity and suggest future higher development. Marx de- lineates a social evolution which he regards as having had a bad start ‘with no prospect of getting anywhere. ———————— It is now expected that Gov. Al Smith will not be permitted to go be- fore the Democratic convention with the exclusive light wine and beer privilege. ———— Bvery welcome will be extended to Senator Borah on the band wagon, on the slight condition that he will not insist on getting out of tune with the chorus. —————— After the adjournment in June a number of members of Congress will feel that they are really getting down to serious business. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. And So It Goes. The statesman toils with honest care To fashion statutes wise. The people sometimes speak him fair— But mostly criticize, But he who gracefully achieves A threebase hit may pause To meke a bow as he receives Unanimous applause. The student with inquiring mind A public help may be. But when his photographs we find ‘We simply say, “Who's he?” ‘While in the street great crowds ap- pear— They gather from afar— ‘Whose one ambition is to cheer A motion picture star. . The Future and the Present. “One day your fellow statesmen will rear a monument to youn.” “I'm not thinking about that” re- plied Senator Sorghum. “In fact, T'd be willing to forego my monument in- terests if they'd help me put up a few public buildings that my constituents bave set their hearts on.” Jud Tunkins says there are germs in a kiss, but as far as he's heard they’ve never got big enough to be in anybody's way. Dire Prospect. Geologists have made it clear The oil supply will disappear. Oh, bitter fate! When it gives out ‘What will we have to talk about? Evidence of Improvement. *“Do you think the world is getting better every day?” “Cettainly,” answered Miss Cay- enne. 2 “With all the scandal going 'round?” “Of course. Nobody can hope to tm-. prove unless he's willing to stop end think over his deficiencies.” “If dar was any sho® nuf way of savin’ daylight,” sald Uncle Eben, “by dis time somebody would have a lot of it bottled an’ labeled an’ put on de marke! { weakness LAST DAYS AND DEATH ' OF THE RUSSIAN CZAR Authentic Account of Murder of Romanovs Leads to Blood- stains in Cellar. (Following is the first of four insta: ments of & new story by Mr. Mackeriie of the captivity and morder of Em- poror, Nieholas and his family. 1t differs worse minor respects from otber me- counts of the great crime, the variations being the result of most carcful recent investigations on the part of ths writer.) BY F. A, MACKENZIE. (Correspondence of The Star and the Chlcago Daily News.) PART L MOSCOW, April 25.—The murder of the ex-Emperor Nicholas, his wife, children and retainers, at ©katerin- burg, in July, 1918, must rank among the great crimes of the century, not merely because of the high place of the victims and the vast political is- sues involved but because of the cir- cumstances of horror and brutality which surrounded it. This was no sudden ontburst of mol passion against a bad or feeble ruldr. It was a deliberate, long-drawn-out atfair, Sollowing months of degrading cap- tivity of the victims, who were denied trial, were given no opportunity to state their defense, and were refused oven a dignified death. They were taken to a cellar, after a few seconds’ warning, and were ehot like pigs in a pen. 2 Many of the clrcumstences sur- rounding the murder have been ob- scure. Recently I made an’endeavor to clear up thess points. ] began my inquiries in Ekaterinburg itself. It was still possible to examine the cel- lar in which the murders were com- mitted and there was much to be learned from the marks on the walls showing the direction and caliber of the bullets. From people living around the house tales were to be heard. Next, I sought for dvcumentary evidence among the local communist archives and the records of the Ural district council, the body which or- dered the shooting. There are still to be found in Ekaterinhurg mem- bers of the communist party who took part in the seizure of the czar from his bolshevist guards and in the events which followed. Courageous During Thelr Captivity. Already a mass of legenc has xnh-[ ered around the affair, cven in Lkaterinburg. Royalist sympathizers tell how one daughter escaped. But none got away. There are men eager to relate vile and degradirng tales in order to besmirch the memory of the Romanovs. 1 will not report them, for I satisfied myself of their false- ness. One may have his opinion of the wisdom and the strength or Nicholas as emperor— I have mine—but in captivity he and his family behaved with a courage and dignity worthy of their fermer rank. From Ekaterinburg tho trail of ovidence eventually took me to Man- churia. There I found old servants who had shared, 8o far as they could, the imperial exile. There. too, old officials who during Kolchak's rule had gathered what facts they could. Much of what they learned is given in Gen. Diederiech's Murder of the Czar and His published in Vladivostok In in 1522, Gen. Diederiech “ a mystic whose fervor is apt to warp his jude- ment and whose ardent firo-Slavism causes him o seek every Gpportunity to place the blame for the murders on Jews and Germans. There were Jews wmong the murderers, but it was not especially a Jewish crime. The no- of tion that the kalser had anything to do with it is mere madness. Out of all the evidence 1 venture to restate the tale. If my account dif- fers in several points from those previously published I can only add that the variations have not been made except after close and critical consideration. Only Moderate Restraints at First. On March 21, 1917, immedlately fol- lowing the first revolution, Emperor Nicholas was placed under house ar- rest in his palace at Tsarskoe-Selo, near Petrograd. In August he and his family were moved to Tobolsk, & pleasant city in western Stberia, where they were housed in the palace of the former governor general. Up to this time they had suffered no serious discomfort. They were allowed to maintain within their palaces something of their former state, “Do not forget that your cnargo 18 a former empuror. He must want for nothing,” was Kerensky's charge 1o Col. Kobylinsky, commandant of the guard. On the’ journey to Tobolsk the imperial family was accompanied by a personal staff numbering thirty- eight, including saven cooks, a wine d. & court reader, maids of al maids, an aide- two valets and vitch. < kind. The im- perial prisoners were allowed to go out o church. The people of the city were friendly, and brought many gifls. Even the emperors mail was scarcely touched. The chlef trouble was with the strong force of soldier #uards, who, having nothing much to do. wuxed fat and kicked. “Red” Ekaterinburg Makes Demand. Gradually conditions became more strict. A former political prisoner, Pankratov, who had spent fifteen years in captivity in Schlusselburg— the most terrible of all czarist prisons —and had been twenty-seven years in exile in Siberia, was placed in charge of the guard over Col. Kobylinsky. Funds grew short. There was no money to pay the servants and many of them had to go. Then the communists succeeded to power. At first they did not concern themselves about Nicholas. They had more urgent tasks and contented themselves with sending orders that the family must economize. Nothing was to be feared from the people of Tobolsk, but trouble was brewing elsewhere. Three hun- dred miles west of Tobolsk lies the city of Ekaterinburg. beautifully placed ori the lower tlopes of the Urals. It had aiready carned the name of “Red Ekaterinburg’” and was the headquarters of communism in the Urale. The revolutionary group there, the Ural council of soldiers’ and workers' deputies. was jealous be- cause Nicholas had been kent to To- boisk, and demanded that it be given charge of him. It poured letters and telegrams, each more urgent than the last, on the central executive com- mitteo (zik) at Moscow. It reckoned on the influence of the president of the zik, Sverdlov, to get it what it ited, for Sverdioy was an old revo- lutionist from the Ural For once, however, though he ranked as 'the third ‘most powerful man in R could do nothing. The transfer was refused The Ekaterinburg men worked them- lvas into a fever over the possi- ty that the Romanovs would es- capc. They sent spies and agents to Tobolsk, and what they learned alarmed them further. (To be continged tomorrow.) Sverdlov, al- WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE These are daye when President Coolidge must be indulginz in some sweh reveries as those which in- spired Hamlet's soliloquy: To veto or mot to veto; that is the question. Whether ‘tis wiser in 1924-to suffer The slings and arrows of Hutrageous coalitions, Or 3o take pen against a sca of bills, Ard, by opposing, end then:. To quash, to veto Bills galore; and by veto to say end The heartache and the thousand nat- ural shocks That presidential flesh is Lielr to. 'Tis a consummation devoutly to be wished. To reject; to veto; £ To veto; perchance to 6ream; ay, there's the Tub: Fot in Calvanistic calm, what dreams may come, we W!en we have shuffied off this cam- paign coil, Must give us pause. Theres the re- spect Trkat needs must make a politician uder. Fuor ‘who would bear the whips and scorns of blocs. Wien he himself might his quietus make With a bare veto? Who would Bonus, Swhollen Surtax and Exclusion bear, to Meke a deficitat home and fre abroad, But that the dread of somsthing at election time. Tha Salt Creek country frem whose c::g{;ne returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus forethought does make wise guys of us all. ¥ the native hue of resolution a‘sl:’:“‘l:d o'er with the pale cast of h And Rt “House profects of great nd moment Wllnp‘:;hla :xlrd their currents turn And‘vl':s’fl the name of veto. Soft you ‘The ‘;:;l G. 0. P. ! Nymph, in thy orisons ered Be all my woes rememb Senator Hiram W. Johneon ap- pe: on the floor of the House of Representatives during the final stages of the debate on Japanese ex- ciusion. It was a few hours after definife news of Hiram’s debacle in the 'California primary, but he promptly found himself the center of a whirlpool of handshaking admirers. The scene reminded a congressional wit of an observation by William Jennings Bryan following one of the “Peerless One's” habitual defeats. “Yes,” sald Bryan, “I have milliions of friends, but they mostly seem to go fishing on election day.” * X ¥ ¥ B A lawyer from Dennison, Ohio, was admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court on May 1, by the name of Brooklyn Bridge. A visitor to Washington recently was ‘Westminister Abbey of New York, who is a camp outfitter by occupa- tion. Golden Rule is a well known ‘Washington real estate man. * ¥ X ¥ Admiral Henry B. Wilson, super- intendent of the Naval Academy at Annapolis, has a prize story he is fond of telling when he's personally conducting visitors over the academy. Last year the midshipmen unveiled the world's biggest indoor swimming pool, which measures the dimensions of sixty feet width and 150 feet length, and holds 600,000 gallons of water. “Only one lady is allowed in the pool,” Admiral Wilson observe with a twinkle in his Some in- quisitive visitor always wants to know who she is. “Violet Ray,” re- plies Admiral Wilson. There are now roundly 2,500 midshipmen in training at Annapolis—the largest in the his- tory of the academy and exactly ten times as many as were there in 1900. * x % % If Congress sits over the summer, Senator George IL Moses, who is in charge of culinary affairs in the Capi- tol as chalrman of a subcommittee of the rules committee, might make things more tolerable by turning the north and south terraces into tea gardens. They are admirably sunited for the purpose. Tables, surmounted by gayly colored umbrellas would supply a patch of vivid brightness agalnst the white palisades of the Capitol. “Tea on the terrace” is an anclent institution in the houses of Paliament in London. There the ter- race flanks the Thames, but the out- look {s not nearly so lovely as the panorama that unfolds itself on either side of Capitol Hill. Tea with a mem- ber of the commons or the lords on “the terrace” is a coveted occasion in London. It would soon become a popular innovation in Washington, and its possibilities might console many a statesman for the pangs of a compulgory summer on the Potomac. * Kk % There is more to that “great open spaces” idea In the west than most people realize. Take the Oregon com- stituency represented by Nicholas J. Sinnott of The Dalles. It comprises sighteen counties, with a population of only 175,000. But in area it is an empire. Its 50,000 or 55,000 square ‘miles cover more territory than either New York or Pennsylvania, or than all New England, with the exception of Maine. Sinnott's congressional district is exceeded in size in the en- tire copntry only by the western- most district of Texas. The Ore- gonian, who is chairman of the House committee on public lands, faces a Klan fight in the primaries. His Re- publican opponent is the grand mas- ter of the Masonic order in the state. Sinnott is a Catholic. * X X % Sadao Saburi, formerly counselor of the Japanese embassy at Washing- ton, has arrived*at Tokio just in time to become the head of & special new “American division” of the Nippon fobeign office. At the end of four years' service in Washington under Ambassadors Ishil, Shidehara and Hanthara, M. Saburi toured the south- ern and far western states of the United States. The purpose was to acquaint himself at first hand with immigration conditions in general and in particular with those of interest to Japan. Saburi was slated to be minister to Sweden when he left ‘Washington last winter, but Tokio has evidently decided that his special knowledge of America is too useful to be dispensed with just now. (Copyright, 1924.) NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM THE PRICE OF FREEDOM. Calvin Coolidge. Charles Scribners Sons. Occasions and themes, many and di- verse, come together here. These various themes fall Into complete un’ty of effect, however, by virtue of their common convergence upon a single dominating and directing line of thought. This thought centers, primirily, upon the nature and quality of our wovernment. From this point it moved to the individual in a clear restatement, on the one hand, of the rights accruing to him out of the purpose and plan of the government, on the other hand, of the obligations imposed upon him by it. Upon the assumption that every man has cer- tain inherent, inalienable rights, that in this respect all men are equal, was bullt a government of such freedom as exists under no other form. Bout. like everything else, this freedom has its price. It must be paid for in an intelligent and vigorous support of the laws whose object is to pretect the individual, to encourage him to the fullest measure of self-develop- ment, provided only that he does not encroach upon the equal rights of another. So, whatever the occasion, whatever the theme, these addresses sum to a fresh anaiysis of our gov- ernment, to a restatement of our in- dividual part in it * % x % “This is a system with which every American should be familiar, a system of equality and freedom, not without the claim of divine right but recog- nizing that such right reposes in the people; a system where the individual is clothed with inalienable rights, the people are supreme, the government it thelr agent. Under this conception there is real freedom, real independ- ence, and grave personal responsibil- ity. ' The rulers look to the people. Their authority is the public will, ascertained in accordance with law. There will be the least possible in- terference with private affairs. Real- iztng that it is the people who support the government and not the govern- ment which supports the people, there will be no resort to paternalism. Un- der such institutions there may ap- pear to be a lack of machine-like of- ficiency, but there will be no lack of character. Private Initiative will be stimulated. ~ Self-reliance and self- control will be increased. Society will remain a living organism sus- taining hope and progress, content to extend its dominion not by conquest but by sacrifice. Such is the system of self-government, the orderly rule of the people, carrying within itself a remedy for its own disorders and the power of self-perpetuation. This is the ideal of America. * % ¥ % “Independence is exceedingly ex- acting. Self-control is arduous. Self- government is difficult.” But today ease and self-indulgence are not the goal. Work and achievement are the ideals. Just at this point Calvin Coolidge gives way to Theodore Roosevelt, who declares: “I wish to preach not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenu- ous life, the life of toil and effort, of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success which comes, Dot to the man who desires more easy peace, but to the man who does not’ shrink from danger, from hard- ships. or from bitter toll, and who out of these wins the splendid ulti- mate triumph.” . * x x % “We Americans have been indi- vidualists. We are individualists still. That sturdy epirit which makes the pioneer is self-reliance. With- out it no people ever achieved lib- erty. With it no people can be held in subjection. In the protection of the rights of the indlvidual our Con- stitution and our laws set up a new standard, guaranteeing their mainte- nance against all the forces of so- ciety, or even of government itself. Nothing must be permitted to en- croach upon those rights. They are the foundation upon which stands the whole edifice of our institutions. If ever the citizen comes to feel that our government does not proteet him in the free and equal assertion of his rights at home and abroad, he will withdraw his allegiance from that government, as he ought to do, and bestow it on some more worthy object. It is idle to assume that the privilege of the strong has been de- stroyed unless the rights of the weak are preserved. The American theory of government means that back of the humblest citizen, supporting him in all his rights, organized for his protection, stands the whoie force of the nation. That is the warrant and the sole warrant of his freedom. He can assert it in the face of the world. The individual has rights, but only the citizen has the power to protect rights. And the protection of rights is righteous.” * % % % Mr. Coolidge, talking of Linecoln: “We see in great men a brighter gleam of the infinite. Unto them is given the power to show forth to their fellow man not only what he longs to be, but what he is. They are the means by which the people raise themselves to a new and higher order of nobility. They see. They do. They inspire. In the greatness of Lincoln the people of this nation are litted up to their own greatness. As they looked on him they beheld their better selves. They felt with him the bond of a common spirit. He was Father Abraham. They loved him. They followed him. They knew that through his life they came unto a larger knowledge of truth, * * ¢ Wherever men look upon his life, they are filled with wonder. About him there was never any needless thing. No useless burdens held him back. No wilderness of tangled ideas be- wildered his vision. For him the out- ward show of the world was cast aside that he might be a larger par- taker of reality. * * ¢ When the men of the new Republican party met, many leaders had many different plans, but in the end the urge of the will of the people chose Lincoln. He was elected. He took office amid gTeat stress and strain. Many states had already fallen away. Others wavered. Yet he told them that we were not enemies, but friends; that It was not their duty to destroy the government, but his sworn duty to preserve it. Clearly, steadily, draw- ing those who loved their country more than all else around him, he kept one end alone in view, the sav- ing of the Union. * ¢ & Ho saw the failure of his armies through nearly two campaigns; then came Antietam. Knowing that the time for which he had long wafted had come, he issued the emancipition proclamation. He Dbelieved at last that it was possible, by breaking slavery, to keep the Unlon whole. Henceforth the war was not only to save the mation, but to make it free. * * ¢ The place which Lincoln holds in the history of the nation is that of the man who finished what others had begun. What they had dared to dream of, he dared to do. He does not lessen 'the glory of what he did, rather he adds to it. They built a’ base that was sound and solid. They left plans by which it was to be finished. The base which they made was the Union. The plans which they drew, and stated time and time again, were for a free people. But Lincoln rises above them all in one thing. He never halted; he never turned aside. He followed the truth through to the end * * ¢ He did not discover freedom; he showed that it had a power of its own. He was not the first who had_faith in the people; he was the first who dared to put that faith to the test of every truth. s s & He opened up to the vision of mankind a new heaven and a new ST reuiiana, hut people ses 1 more fully realized, but people see and more clearly. They strive for it with greater sufcess. * * Lincoln belongs to every age in which men struggle for an ideal. He belongs to every place where men fight for human rights.” 1 G. M. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]J. HASKIN Q. 1Is it true that the steel beams ‘being used in the building at 13th and E streets northwest are the largest in the world?—R. K. S. A. Much larger beams have been used, but some of the beams in this building are notable for another rea- son. There are two types being used —the main beams, 100 feet long, 16 feet high, weighing from 75 to 90 tons, and smaller beams 100 feet long, 9 foet high, weighing 45 tons. These beams were shipped from New York over the Pennsylvania railroad. The 76 to 90 ton pieces were shipped in two parts, while the 45-ton beams were shipped in one piece, requiring three jcars. The Pennsylvania rail- road says that the 45-ton beams were the largest ever shipped in the United States to any point in one piece. Q. How many Jews are there in ‘Washington?—H. ¥. A. The Jewish population of the District of Columbia is about 10,000. Q. Are there any games played by children today that were played in the time of the Romans?—M. C. A. The games of jacks, ball and jumping rope were played by the children of the Romans. l“Q"._ Where is the silver market?— A. London had always been known as the silver market until the war, when It changed to New York city: however, it is now back In London and quotations depend entirely on the prices there. Q. How many Mormon temples are there in the United States?’—C. K. O. A. There are at present six Mor- mon temples. The first was built in 1836, at Kirtland, Ohio. In 1846 one was bullt at Nauvoo, 1ll. In 1853 the great temple at Salt Lake City was dedicated and completed in 1893, Other temples in Utah are: St Gooree. 1877: Logan. 1884; Manti, Q. What is a joint tarif?—J. K. C. A. If a tariff quotes a through rate in which two or more railrvads are involved it is known as a joint tariff and is flled with the Interstate Com- merce Commission; in other words, if the commodity starts with one car- rier and terminates with another, it is a joint tariff. Q. How many acres of land in the country are used in raising tobacco €_mlr{| which elgarettes are made?—W. A. The Department of Agriculture says that the combined acreage of the principal cigarette types—burley and flue-cured tobacco — was 1,169,000 acres last year. The domestic and foreign demand for cigarettes is such that tobacco planters are increasing their acreage. Q. What were Mme. Bermhardt's last words?—0. C. J. A. “Be a good boy, Maurice.” Mme Pierre Berton and Basil Woon thus quote the great tragedienne, Q. How many students does Har- vard allow in its freshman class” CH A. Harvard University gave notioce on March 4 that future freshman classes will not exceed 1,000. Q. What Protestant denomination ranks second in numbers in England? —R.A. F. A No religious census has been taken in England since 1851, but it is estimated that the Congregationalists are second in number of sittings, hav- Ing 1,727442. At Easter, 1320, number of communicants of the I copal Church, which being the Churc), of England ranks first, was 2,250,060 Q. Where is tho largest fresh-wat, SPring in the. United States?—L. ¥. 1 A. The National Geographic Society it is impossible to tate exuct. ly fresh-w: largest in the 1 States =i springs fluctuate in their discharge, it is also the question of consider 8roup of springs singularly or colle: Iy. Among th largest Springs in the United State '[l‘hnu:.'un 8 Springs and the h_nrhl;f‘. both of which are in Id Either of th e Fprings wou'd sup the city of New York with water. Siiv Springs in Florida are nong fresh-wator in United States, Iso springs Q. What caused the fall of the Lic George cabinet’— I | A. The fall of the Llogd Geor cab. inet was due to the Darda Ll Lioyd George of the victorious armies, and it w that war was averte Q. How long is a Sabbath's ney?—H. R. O. A. A Sabbath's day jou! larly supposed to be about o Q. Who made the first safety razor —J. KR A The first safets made by Michael England, in 1575, Q. Where s called the “Bambinc E. A. This picture i3 a copy of one medallions of foundings on the F lings' Hospital at Florence, Italy, by the famous sculptor, Andr Robbia. Q. self-starters”—T. J A. The air service says t the larger types of airplanes starters The smaller pianes because the weight of the starters decrease the rpeed of the machi: speed is the vital element to the light plane used for combat pury« Q. Describe a zobo.—A. G. B. A This animal is a_ hybrid be the » humped cattle of Indi 1t is common in the western part of tha Himalayas, is used beast of burden as’well as for flesh. It resembles the razor Hunter of Why don’t airplane mot M. Q. Is thero a d. become wh Europe. this p §n tropical countries patches the > spots while - area inay nounced?—J. G. It A. Boleyn was pronounced spelied “Bul len,” with the accent first syllabie. (Have yow asked Haskin? He docs not know all the things that people asi: him, but he knows people who do kv Try' him. State your question pi and bricfly. Inclose 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address Freder Haskin, director, The Star Informa: Bureau, 1220 North Capitol street. Editors Appear Optimistic On German Election Resuli’ The important thing about the Ger- man national election fn the opinion of the American press is the fact that the parties which are committed to acceptance of the Dawes repura- tion report have apparently won. The majority of editors feel that Ger- many 1s now ready to do its share to bring about a settlement of this disturbing question. As the Portland Express sees it “the elections indicate that the Ger- mans have turned their backs upon autocracy and militarism and if they hold fast to that determination there is no reason why they may not re- cover thelr lost ground in good time, and to live amicable hereafter with their nelghbors.” The results, ac- cording to the New York World, “nail the myth that ‘nothing can be dome to help Europe till Burope helps her- selt,” for, despite six years of provo- cation to vote left or right in sheer despair, the balloting proves that given a chance the German people take it” The vote, continues the Kansas City Journal, shows that “a large majority of the German people are earnestly in favor of ‘getting down to business’ and putting an end to the ceaseless recriminations, the expensive vacillation and recaleitran- cy which have hampered the many efforts to get Germany and Europe on their feet agai In & word, the Duluth Herald holds “common sense governed, and the German people are disclosed’ as about the same kind of material that makes up other na- tions,” furthermoge, “the cause of stability, peace, order, reconstruction and prosperity received a great im- petus in these elections.” The elec- tion as a whole, the New York Times thinks, ‘“vindlcates the spirit of re- sponstbility among the German peo- Ple end shows that they have a stronger political sense than they aro usually inclined to claim for themselves.” % % ¥ % The important thing, the Sprins- field News considers, “is that the Nationalists, who were inspired largely by Ludendorfl, have come out of this election without any par- ticular advantage” This fact, the Lynchburg News believes, “will doubtless have so depressing effects upon the Nationalist party as to con- vince it both of the wisdom and necessity of abandoning their dis- turbing propaganda.” Apparently the German _people, the Buftalo Nows polnts out, “have no mind to follow either the reactionary or the radical forces; they have had their GIl o economic disorder,” and “the elec- tion indicates a moderate and rea- sonable spirit on_the part of the Germanspeople.” The Grand Raplds Press mentions thut “every possible infiuence was broughf s bear in order to obscure the issue and do- feat the Dawes proposal, but the mind of the Germans is evidently made up to accept and apply this recoves 2 éfi‘t-i‘fifim‘:’rf the Lincoln Star Journal suggests, “will hold many with wiich the ments can deal in a sane Flint Journal feels the “citizens of Germany acted wisely in expressing in & general election their approval of the Dawes plan for th. ent of reparations—they have:ac their own best interests.”” Although believeing the indorsement of the Dawes plan_ was given with r lucance, the Norfolk (Neb.) News de- t is a start toward a return to a stabilized status in - llurope.” The voting, the Manchester Union claims, “was for or against co-opera- tion, with former enemies under this project of reconstruction, and the Germans voted for co-operation.” “A victory of common sense over both the monarchist and ultra-radi- cal faction” Is the way the Birming- ham News puts it. The vote in Ger- many and the earnest efforts of French and British ministries to get together the Milwaukee Journa! re- Apparently a | | ested | wa gards as “chiefly evidence that all th time the demand for settlement ant scttle down grows stronger” Not so optimistic is the view of the A bany Knickerbocker Press, w sa “Providing that this vote ex- presses true German sentiment on t -to-work' suggestion of the s com on ceptance th problem now be Germany, and convert maze of sentiment Roanoke World N should be taken aga much,” because “Ju: German govermnen liberal, can be counted v acting’ reasonably and fu ation obligations i much_unsettled question.’ sing State Journal agrees “it plicated affair, and it is not that France, England and othis tions are worried.” % % & K “To regard Germany as an abstrac- tion functioning as a unit is a com mon but an absurd fallacy,” in the opinion of the Springfield Republican, which claims “political complications are as serious there as In other coun- tries, and they are not made the less menacing by the gains of the extrem-1 ists at the election; but the German republic should still be able to carty on, provided a rational settlement of the reparations question is not 00 long delayed.” As the Topeka Capital sees it “under the new Reichstig the government will be opportunist, liv- ing from day to da ith no firm constructive policy” and “the reac- tionarfes and visionaries cann combine, except in nagging ohtsru tion.” Between the cxtreme Nation alists, on the one side and the C munists, on the other, “tha German § republic has no easy task,” the In- dianapolis News concedes, but “us long as it is supported by a er center coalition—as it now see be—it is safe After Strasor may come a more truly deme guide, the Cleveland Plain maintains, but “for the presen: ¢ man democracy survives becau upheld by a man who Seems lieve in democracy only as u t rary malkeshift.” Although and prosperity r Europe far enough Of,” according Davenport Democrat, _“they larger among the probabilities o future” At loast, “another taken toward a Dence as periniicn as conditions in Kurope mak ' _assents the New Orle Times-Picayune. Granting tha* « of greater or less magnitude will cur from time to time, the New Nows concludes “to get Gerr started to cultivate in her the I of honoring her reparation obii tion will make it casier 1o hoil ner to a sound snd honorable polic: ung strengthen the control of the moc with whom alone the rest f world can worl In a Few Words The idea that role played by England means render Th th the unprecedented the Labor party in or implies a sur- to bolshevism is ridiculous. Labor party is much less inter- in ways and means of over- throwlng the king than they are in and means of keeping the prince on his horse. —PHILLIF W. WILSON MOP). (Former. 1 shall oppose the Dawes plan, nat because 1 am against it as such. but because Germany must unot acain sign Something ~which she cannat fulsill. —GEN. ERICH LUDENDOT There is overwhelming evidenos to prove that the teetotaller has a diss tinct advantage over others in alf work involving skill and brain —StR T. BARLOW A