Evening Star Newspaper, January 7, 1924, Page 6

With funday Morulsg Edition. ‘WASBHINGTON, D. ©. MONDAY. .., .. .Janvary 7, 1024 THEODORE:W. NOYES. . , , Bditor N S S — The Evening §tar Newspaper Company Business Ofice; 11th 61, e34 Pennsziventa Avo, 7 New Verk offce: 110 E4 st To 141 Steaent B¢, London Eagiend. “Thw Ereitsp tar, Wit the Suiday morai “olition, s CEliered by carciors Within the ity @t U0 ceats -per imouth; daily enly, gente per month; Buoday ouly, 20 cents’ per month, 1may e sent by mail of tele- Phone b 5000, Collection is made by cat- Tiers ot the end of cach mont! - Rito by Mall—Payable in Advance. .. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday..1§7,, $8.40; 1mo., 700 Dally onfy... 1yr $6.001 1 mo.. 500 Sunday ‘only 17r., §2.40 1 mo,, 200 y only . Bunday omly.. Member of the Associated Press. e Asuiciated Proms fn exciusivey entitied t5"the ‘e for republiation of All news dis: ;’:‘fi:: creait l: 1t Xfl' nohl “MPl'lll cred! ‘l: i ‘a1 the jocul news Taged “bees “All “Fights of pubilention of s dlépatetes hovel Teserved.. are, The Winning Peace Plan. Theré should be no surprise at the . announcément that the winning peace plan in the Bok prize contest is sim- Dy ‘a position that the United States adhere to the Permanent Court ©f Titernationu! Justice, and that it should co-operate with the league of nations and purtlcipaic W the work of the asgembly and councll under definite sufeguarding regervations. This 1¢ «Imost precisely what has been heretafere proposed as the United States’ contribution to world pesace. 60 there i nothing new. in the plan which wins a pressnt prize of $50,000 end a proepective additional fitty thou- .. -8and.contingent upen public approvel Jdn B Yeferendum to Le eonducted “ tiirough-the newspapers. For Now ¢ould there be anything new of @ practical nature In the way of world peace proposals? The sub- ject hasbeen thoroughly thrashed out. It was debated ut Versailles. Tt has heen debated in ¥ parliamentary body in the world. Tt has been dis- cuseed ‘tn ‘this ecountry on public forums to the last degree of detail and theory. ‘And the nct of ali this dlscus- elon, &s far as this present competi- tlon goes, is the world court and the lesgue. of nations, with American par- ticipation in. the latter limited and modified. S Public approval of the prize-winning plan is not assured. Public sentiment in this country, g0 far as it has found open expression, Is decidedly against | participation fn the league of nations. Whatever may-be the feeltng of the people with regard to. the world court. association in this project for peace of the world ‘court and -the league leseen the strength of the world court A voté on this question s not likely to Be cakt on the strength of the in- trinsic merits of the plan. That is to ray, 1t Will not bs viewed by the people who take the rains to record thelr feelings in the matter as an idealistic project. . Already the suggestion has been made, in the form of a protest, that this peace-plan competition, lead- ing ‘86 directly, and, i must be satd, inevitably to the league, is but a propaganda for American ontry into the league. Tis a prejudice has erisen against the award in advance -of announeemeént. The question re- malps” how fur {hls prejudice will af- fect the recorded judgment of the peo- .‘ple 10 the extent that they register themselves in favor of or in opposition to the plan which, whatever the ver- diet, wine for its proposer the hand- some sum of $50,000. ——— e Evéry statesman who has a tax. reduction plan now . expects to be Heard on-the subject. Unles$ excep- tional brevity of ‘expression - 1s * at- teined the matter will not be disposed of-90 early as to prevent it from fig- “uring in the party platforme. B e Phlladelphia used to be Tacetiously [réferred toas a city of sedate Qifetude. Its local uuthorities are now doing their best to make it deserve that Teputation. —_———— Nelther Congress npr the weather bureau can offer special inducements itigt'now for anybody who 18 perfectly comfortable {n Florida to’ favor Wash® “Afigton ds a winter resort, | ———————— - Tax-Reduction Competition. ... When - Secretary Mallon made his tx-reduction , propossl “to Chalrman Gregn - of the House éommittee on . waye and means it was quite well assured -that there. would be a ‘coufiter - proposal. ot the democratic side of the Hotise of Représentatives, ROIng the Secretary “one better™ in ihe tmatter of reductions on the low ;- vange of incomes. For tax geduction immediately became a political” ques- tlon - and, with a national campatgn’ close at hand, a competition for pub- lic favor through a lessening of the __tax burden dras inevitsble. Now cBmes_the democratic- proposition in 1he form of a bill advocated by Rep- resenttative Garner, the leading minor- ity m¥mber 6 thé ways and means committée, which widens the reduc- tlon in the lower ranges and lessens: therh {n“the upper ratgeés, especially in .the “suftaxés. * Thus under ' the Maljon- pjan the reduction of the tax|" on he- net. income of."$5,000. would |* ént’ and ‘under the Garner $10,000 tho Mellon plan reduction “Wéuld be 30.6 per cent and under the Garner-plin- 83.94'per cent, Ajd mo on @ori the lirfe, with the democratic parcentage -of reduction decreasing ith the ifferease tn income. ly equiyalent to the surplus of th /. uvfent: fiscal year.” In"other words, ATt ciat Wil feave G4 Treas: auffidtentty | = ITHE EVENING STAR Penvis the schedulo of chansed tax |u genial sin ‘peeps from . the" sbuth] l 1 rates. No figure is given of the som- puted Incomie. Thé scale is clianged, but the “‘sum!’ remalins indeterminatd. It has been intimated that the dem: ocratic ‘plan of tax reduction will be accompanied by proposal of o bonu ‘This doee not'appear in the present ldisclosure. Mr. - Mellon's plan - was distinotly based upon. the. non-pay- ment of a bonue. If the Garner plan is so framed ag to mect’ the require: ments of a bonus it must follow that e |At Would yield a luvger revenue than that advanced by the Secretary of the Treasury, and thefefors that the net reduction to the taxpayers would not be ds great as under his. schedule. Coincidental with the publication of tho democratic elternative comes a statement from the “‘progressive’ cor- ner of ‘the Houwe that not evén the ‘Garner bill meets the tax-reduction requirements-of that faction. Its own plan will §6on be forthcoming and it 1s indicated that it will be more sweep- ing in its low-income reduttion and more at varfance with the Mellon plan for surtax reductions than the Garner plan. And unlese the unusual hap- pens it ‘Wil 1ot be uccompanied by an estimate of the fotal yicld of rev- enues basad upon careful study and Treasury, experience. Herein les the danger of competi- tive bids for favor through tax re- Lduction. Something more is desired than mere lightening of thos burden on the low tatpaver. Revenues must come out of the tux system in sut- fictent volume to Tuni the government. And, moreover, consideration must be had for business and for the release of investment fuids 1o supply the needs of the industriés of the coun- try, which are the foundation™ of na- tional prosperity. - Any tax-reduction measure that falls i these respects will prove. a_burden - rather ‘than & denefit. i i ————ee—— Under the Bull Moosc's Skin. Figuratively over thie tomb of Theo- dore Roosevelt, Gov. Pinchot and the managers of Senator Hiram 'W. John- son ‘yesterday concluded an- alliance for an aggressive campaign in Penn- svlvania against the candidacy of President Coolidge for the presidential { romination. For theitime being, the object of attack will be . Secretary Melion, and the weapons will be op- position to hie—and’ President Cool- idge's—tax-reduction bill; aleo crith- clsm of Secretary Mellon's alléged at- titude toward prohibition cnforcement. In the background of the alliance will Do the cffort to keep President Cool- idge from sceuring the Pennsylvanis {delegation to the republican national | couvention. | Ona pligrimage to Oyster Bay, Gov. e of is chief support- n Valkenbuigh, met - P Senator John- n’ manager, and Harold Tekes of lilinois, one of the senator’s western managers. Jt was decided that the best means of weakening the Presi- dent would be to “lead through” the Mellon strength in the Kevstone state. X A slgnificant feature in the alliance wus the omission to dedignate who shoutd stand as the-alliance’s candi- dute in the tate. Wwhiél. was inter- preted to mean that Gov. Pinchot him- selt may claim the cheice of the pri- maries. Thus the two leading former Dbull moosers now alive joln hands in the etate having the second largest number of delegates to the republican convention to swing the state for the candidacy of Senator Johnson, which forecasts a bitter republican interne- cine war. ers, B. A. George Hen sons’ cust A British Lebor Ministry in View, don everything is all “doped out” in the parliamentary situation, scheduled almost to the hour. A week from to- morrow pariiament will meet and will be addressed by King George, with the usual claborate ceremonial. The king's specch’ will then be made the subfect of debate, and on the next day, according to the present plan of the laborites, an amendment will be moved which will express lack of con- fidence in the governmeént, which will Dbe debated for two days, and it 15 ex- pected that on Thursday night, Janu- ary 17, the amendment will be carried by the combined votes of the Tabor and liberal members, and thus the government will stand defeated. Pre- jer Baldwin will then tender the resignation of the ministry, and ‘the king, it i8 beligved, will summon J. Ramsay MacDonald, leader, of the largest party in opposition, to form a cabinet. Current gosslp has it that Mr. MacDonald, ~ anticipatinig_ this summons, has already framed his list, and will'at once submit the names of his proposed minifsters to the king for approval. Approval will in that event doubtiess be given, for the king does not object to, individuals. Then par- llament will adjourn for ten days or a tortnight ‘o give the new ministry time to prepare its program. Thus abeut Fabruary. 1 a remarkable situa- tlon will'be presented in London, u la- bor mintstry in charge of the British governiment, with'd ‘minority: party in support. Save for the co-operation of the liberals there is no prospect of any constructive procedure, and, the out- loole is. therefore -that within & few nionths Gréat' Britain-will have an- other - general_election, with e result not now, to be foretold. ———t ‘Faith 4n Mr.-Cox as a presidential possibility is: strengthened by the de- mefid of tradition for at least-onéOhlo contender in the.fleld A ———————— As:a signal of terror the col 1. wave fleg has assimed uncompromising su- ‘premacy over the “red” flag. they will go back ‘to the art of mak. ing_ remarkable shotg, ~ Perhaps they will sit beside the radiator and think : ‘WASlHjlWG'f‘ON OBSERVATIONS * of happy and triumphant plays and |- days in Potomac Park and they will yield theémselves to deMcious reverie. Perhaps they will wear their knickers and caps and fondle and garess the sticks that bore them en to victory, or worse, in-the sweect days of sum- mer. But when Hast Potomac Park turns green, even palest green of spring, the golf fans or flends will be there. The officer in charge of public bulldings ‘and “‘grounds has made the heartbreaking announce-, ment that the East Potomac Park lnks will ‘be closed ;on January 31. They have been kept open later than usual because of ‘the kindly weather, but the time Mis come When the turt | 2 must have s rest. It seems hard that winter should step in to mar a round of golf'and if golfers could have their way they would laugh in Winter's face and wade in mudl or snow 'to knock the ball about. But February and March will pass and happy times will come again! > ———— Merchants in the wholesale section of Cinclnnati are compelied to move their goods because of ‘the rise in the Ohio river. That stream has asserted itself in this manner many times, but 1o definite steps have been taken to meet the recurring situation. , Con- servative business-men have apparent- 1y learned to accept it us one of the regular incidents of commercial ac- tivity. ——————— Fhe rolc of u. Cleryggan often fig: -ures attractively on-the stage.- The shadow takes precedence over the substance in many relationships. Ac- tors ‘whor represent clergymen are more _ liberally compensated than clergymen themselves. % ———— 1f thete §s any red propuganda in this country no man is better quallfied to denounce it in witherlng. terms than ‘Senator Borah, whose duties are to include an investigation of the sub- dect. ——— e Much sadness would be spared ‘the news columns if all the niovie heroines would learn to be as gentie and kind in ordinary life as they are in thetr scenarios. 2 ——— Venizeloe has received an ovation in Greece. The brilliancy of themocca- sion was not marred by inquiries as to whether he had provided himseit with a return ticket. : ——————————————— The question of who shall be the democratic presidential candidate may yet develop sufficlent agitation to at. tract the activo aftention of Col: Bryan. 2 . ————— e In_ comnection % prohtbition therd is a prevalcnt inclination for in- dividua! statesmen to assumec that the task would be casy for somebody else. Mexlco might avert coutroversial embarrussments by stabilizing - et least to a degree that would permit it to condudt #3 owp munitions fac- torfes. There 18 mo immediate . hope of enough milking contests among stitesmen to . reduce. the price. per quart. to the consumer. Feme often lies dormant. It took 8,000 years to let most people Know that there ever was such a person as According to a dispatch from Lon-!Tytankh-Amen. Russia was once regarded as one of the most unsocial of nations. Now it 18 regurded as the world's leading mixer. Bomb. throwers in Japen are evi- dently not satisfled with the havoe that earthquakes have produced. What @ few of the motion ploture studios apparently need is @ set of safety-first rules. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Inconsistency. The Doye of Peace we do not cease ‘With fervor to admire. e In cholcest phrase we lift its praise With songs that never tire, But none the less wo must conféss ‘We disregard its need, And stofe & lot of garand shot - Instead of ‘proper feed. 1t's understood; we love the good ‘The beaatiful, the trué. Ideals high we long to try In everything we do. | In speech mo fair we still declare ‘The world's not good enough. 3 But in our work there seems to lurk: The motto, “Treat "Em Rough! i Indifference to Wealth.. “I suppose & man in your position has a great. many Opportinities. to ‘make money?” “ ; podsibly be big enough'to put wme out of ‘the running and compel me to ure ‘as someé other mian’s cdmpaign- ‘Jud Tunjkins says;one of 3 couragements to industry is the fact that the average girl likés a fairly good banjo player better than she does @ first-class farm worker. - Shifting the Blame: The-weather man we now atiack, *-BY FREDERIC WILLLAM WILE .Admiral Lelgh C. Palmer, who, is to be the all-powerful nianaging director of the United States merchant marine, i3 famed for his Initiative. ~During the Sims-Danlels controvery ‘before the ‘Senatd committee on naval af- fairs in 1920, Palm told how he took the bit in his téeth at.the Navy Department in 1917. He was chief of the bureali of navigation and in charge’ of pervonnel. Palmer. told Senator Hale's subcommittes that he shortage of regular ‘personnel at the declsration of war was the y was and to take. responsib ahead and workin ord: p to up ered enrollments s and declined té authorize. the, estab- lishment of schools und lfllnl‘d‘ ‘apt. Palmer- testifl me to prepai {lity for going this organisa- opped n ro tion, so that.I would be ready .for anything. *ow ok ¥ » It we weren't o used to blg figures nowadays that nothing impresses us, the country would stand in awé and admirstion of the achievement of James C. Davis of Jowa, director gen- eral .of rallroads, who has just re- ported to the President on the liquida- tion “of the United States Rsilroad Administ; ration. History records no operation of ‘the kind approximately a8 coloss The carriers filed claims agalnst the government for $1,014.- 207,448. ‘When Davis wound up negotiations with the companies by the end of 1923, $763,106,521 of the claims had been adjusted. ments called for the areditor deb the government $19:34 cost ‘to Uncte Sam of settlements to in_Davis' $248,000,0 Another Treasury one of th roads of bxt T ready’ wors asiosas 'ment 7, while Adjust- to to pay Tha net One that filed for court. 00 emerged with $40,000,000. eystem pald Davls, foremost railroad famous $90,000,000. e countr: the who 18 lawyers, has faced during the past three yvears and fenced with virtually every railroad sexecutive of promi- nence if el from his decisions. 85 In cash assets and $308, America. There was no ap- He has $33 7.0 in “earrier obligations” on hand.-the taxpayers’ - property. * % wx Chief Justice Taft, though in his sixty-seventh year, never enjoyed bet- ter health than dt present. day he turned up unexpectedlyqat the office of his family p The other reician tor,” sald the Chief Justice, “I" to ‘ssR hs 3 ‘how 1 am. ¥ o o % “Doc: come . you are, ot to tell you Senator Magnus Johnson will “de his stuff” before another metropolitan audience this week, and in that pluto- cratic atmosphere which the farmer- labor party considers the source of He will be most of t. orator of the he nation's evil ening at the annual banquet of the Philadelphia Bankers' Kept McKenna Qut of Cabinet, B_ut G BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. | ates by surprise With the elevation-of Sir Frederick Banbury to the peerage on the occa- on of the New Year, the House of Commone lokes one: of its most fa- millar 4nd- characteristic figures and for ho had been @ memrber of it for more than thirty years; and luring the greater part of that time he had been one of the two repré- vetera sentatives of the city of London. As such he had enjoyed the time-honored prerogative of occupying & seat on the treasury bench; that iz to say, amlidst the members of the cabinet in office on the opening day of each ‘session. It is doubtful whether the lower house, will regret his loss, for, where- as everybody lends a willing ear to what he had to say in the.city as a great business man, as a banking magnate, as president of the Great Northern Raliroad of England, and ‘as the former heéad of one of the most important firms of stockbrok- ing concerns in the .metropolis, his utterances in Parliament almost in- variably cleared the -house. | whenaver, ‘sauve qui up” peut.” Indeed, the. word was passed that s there was general He was: never tired of assailng .the government of with - the most elaborate the day. old-fashi foned courtesy, it I8 true, on the score of its. alleged prolixity. and waste of time of .the house in use- ‘1ess discussions.: man who ‘political political to waste was friends and foe, strate| time, Yet there was, no more dreaded alike by by reason ot-hls own prolixity and irrelevancy. He would melzé upon. any pretext to treat the house to a prolonged ora- tion, delivergd in a droning voice, in- waluable when, for. consideration of it was necessary 4t otherwise & terri- ble and slumbgr-inviting pore. . In- eed, by o “She many he u: of commons, B sed to be known arch obstructor of the-house The son and grandson of a London banker, and educatéd at Winchester, he is tow ip his seventy-third year, and his -on two sepatate’occasions been responsible Tor political events ‘which will make his name go.down in the annals ‘of parliament. On’one Geeaston his Yote was'the casting one’ which 1ed 'to ernment the Right - Hon. Reginald <¢hequer: to, joln oould . be 'he of of & defeat of the Bov- day, while' la; year McKenns, the ex- administration and who 1a_ well Xknown in Amer- ica as the greatest banking magnate of ‘the United Kingdom, had agreed the el Baldwin -cabinet if. he ected "to parlament with- Gut any_ contest. great business. elements in LT "Lohdon aid in the provinces were all e to_have. McKenna join ‘the ?:ommol‘olll and economilc Moo!fin: b t SUEE: €] e | g ey der hs séat in_the D s Wit o the wppes S Bt ot the time Sir Frederiok s he shoul corpmons to ouse. 1 d’ surren tat would not hear of u;wn, mi was far S ‘lMfl J nnn‘n‘:ll! '| He wouldn't hold the cold wave baclc:|:S0 haps . while - Fehruary ' breezes . blow and March snow tumbies sky devoted men and wdfiien will stroll ‘pensive thropgh. the-park and) 2 longing é “with' fona’and n course ‘where ‘they have made so Tl tuel prices fell.” . Ahesd of the Times. Crimson 18 Gulch keeping up-with |- time too imbued:. b:dnm matters gei of the been converted having ber “superiority o Ci matte: , the constitubnts of Sir byry and the’ Baldwin sted to him. rs. m. that r He nna. by the wenty reform” and a fledform of .proteotion, it would: be the ‘when he ‘was" “tie taat yeur, Tt may satolybs ¢ or granted that Baldwin would never ‘have, comitted: himself 80 < rashly | and “inopportunely- in_Novemmber to a podicy. et 3 ‘of ‘protection, Which took even: tioal aambois ‘Association on January 10, The trials and tribulations of the rursl north- ‘rest' will be_Johnson's theme. He is deluged with invitations to the Atlantic sea- 'k sota’s roaring cataract imposes bnly orie cofiditton—he won't wear a dress suit. ER Slnolair Lewis, glorifier of “Main Street”. and. oreator-of “Babbitt,” is at work on his newest novel in Lon- don. It will be the first he has ever published in advance ss & serial. Lewis recently took a house in Chel- ses, London’s classic literary -haunt, but is writipg his book fn the down. town reglon. For that purposs h leased ‘musty vld “chambers’ in_ti Middle Temple, between Victoria Em- bankment and the Strand, .where Britain's most celebrated barristers and some of her men of letters main- tain offices or “diggings” that still smack of the medisval past. pounds out his masterpieces on & timi schedule, allotting himself so many hours a day ffem which he 1 ing distract hMm. That's why working at. hom. * ko ok Cyrus -E. Woods, - American am- bassador to Toklo, will sall for Japan Arom San Franolsco on January 10. Though nof entirely recovered from the {lipess that afMicted him at Phila- delphia in December, he felt he should return to his post without further dolay. - Mrs.. Woods and her mothe Mrs. Marchand, who,wis {njured in t will accom- pany the ambassador across the Pa eific. H ed to Manlla, shortly’ after reaching the east, os- tensibly to pay a friendly call upon Gon._Wood. Actually, without doubt, Mr. Wooda will be the bearer-of con- fidentjal advices from Washington on recent developments in the Philip- pine The new year {s destined to witness & reorudesoence of Japanese- American diplomatic liveliness in con- nection with Nij n's dislike of the Supreme Courvs decision on' the Call- fornla land laws. * % % % This is the season when somebody or other is always claiming to have been the “original” Coolidge or the “original” McAdoo or the “original La Follette man. Vallejo, Call claims the man who “originally” re. elected Woodrow Wilson President in 1916. He was the Derocratic post- master. He contended that he was personally, individually and solely re- sponeible for the fact that the 3,773 which Wilson Dbeat in California consisted of 73 republicans whom he had in- the democratic ticke! o postmaster. submitted statistie: evidence. with names, to establish his claim. One of the democrats who were impressed by it was Postmaster General Burleson, who proposed to dismiss the Vailejo patriot for some reason or other. The democratic na- tinal committes interferred and saved his job. 7 (Copyright, 1024.) a Th ets a New Year Peerage the cabinet tained its defeat eneral eleetion. one wo £ erick Banbury Dbeen leas vain, less convinced of his political ‘and financlal pfe-eminence and accepted the peerage that was | offered him six months Great Britaln would not today. be cont with the advent to power of 'a I government committed to all sorts of socialist policies, Including capi- nationalization " of - public utilities and drastic revislon in the ownership of land. * % % 8ir Frederick Banbury, although.a new peer and baromet, of modern creation, comee from an old War- wickshire family, the ancestry of which goe Henry VII; that s to say, to e period antedating the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. His grandfather and father were both of them well known London bankers, and he himselt has lived up to the traditions of his family fn this respect. . His only eon, a veteran of the Boer campaign of a quarter of a century ago, fell during the great war.in France. He was a general favorite in his regiment, the Cold- streani Guards, where he was known by ‘the nickname of “Cakes.” After his death, his widow, who was Miss Josephine Reixach, only daughter and heiress of the ownér of -the huge Manningham mills, at Bradford, gave posthumous birth to a little boy, now eight years old, who will in due course inherit his grandfather's hon- ors and estates, and especially his Elizabethan _country seat, Warne- ford Place, Highworth, in Wiltshire, which stands in a large old park of near 4,000 acres. 1 Ll!lds Police Order.. D. C. Resident Glad Night Force Is To Be Doubled. To the Editor of The Btar: Thanks be! the police force om duty at night s to be doubled in this city. With every. day or two accounts of - assault, *robbery, mur- @er, I've walked the streets of the Capital of “America With rmuch trep- {dation. For over ten years I lived In a ¢ity of more than a milifon popula- tlon. At ho hour of day. or night did ‘I fear to tread alone any sec- tion""of the town. Never aid I, in all that:period, hear of a single case of strest attack. Some rob- beries, by thfeves sfitaking in over would not have at the recent EAST IS EAST BY FRANK H. HEDGES "The ‘tragedy of Morigolia is thd tragedy of Bgypt. It is to be hoped that, jubt as Egypt, once a sovereign And magnificent power and later & prostrate vassal, has fought back to virtual independence, so may 'Mon- golla., This Is. the dream of the Mongot patriots of today. They n: longer follow the glimmer of worl conquest, but the princes and dukes who are the descendants of the Great Khan seek only that their country shall not be dominated by Peking by Moscow or by Tokio. 5 . In the days of Genghls and KI{YA‘:‘. that inland section of central “‘a. known as Mongolia brought all the east save Japan _under iLs sway, conquered most of Russia and threat- onea to gweep as far west as F[rlnc: and England. The military genius of the Mongols was paramount, and all Christendom was alarmed. 2 Europe was saved was duc mot to direct fallure on the part of the Mongols, but to the death .of their reat leaders and the comsequen tyielon and wrangling among’ '.hosel lef! Gradually the . boundaries o the mighty empife shrunk to smaller and smaller proportions, until even China. to which the khans bad moved their capital, threw off the yoke o the Mongol conquerors, and & new Aynasty mounted the dragon throne. Today Mongolia presents a pathetic face {o the world. ~Her people, steeped in superstition and ignorance, Toam the vast plains of the Gobi, & Semi-tertile district that the world has chosen to miscall & desert. The fife they lead is very niuch that led by ‘Abraham in another part of Asia in the days that are gone. (A mlns Wealth {8 reckonéd not in gold an sliver, but in cattle, sheep and horses ueer-shaped tents of felt are ercot- 63 noar some epring or stream where the graes is green, but when that pasturage has been exhausted they are atruck and the little group moves on to new flelds. Perhaps a third of the men 'enter thé priesthood of Yellow Lamalsm, & pecullar sect of Buddhism, for religion has a tre- mnndollu hbr|= io"el:nl‘x,mm M ta. Their no temmoral and spiritual, s the Hu- tuktu, or Living Buddha, In-whom the opirit of the Buddha is believe 1o be incarnated. * ¥ Kk * The fall from high place to insig- nificance of this once mighty people may bs traced to two basic cauces. The immediate cause, dlesension among those in power several een- turies ago, has been mentioned, but the true reason for the tragedy lies deeper. The flower of Mongolian manhood vanished from the c‘a(rth. Most of the virile blood of old Mon- golla was spent on the battlefield, Tor the plains and mountais of Mon- golia wers drained of theil best for the army. Ounly the weaklings were left to carry on the race. Those war- rlors who did not fall in’ battle .e& caune the victims of the ease ln* Juxury that is the lot of a conquer- ing people. The second cause i8 theoretical. Geologists, in particular those of the third Asiatic expedition now in Mongolia, say that the land gives evidence of having slowly risen through the centurles. ‘This I.lv[\\‘dld thrust is still going omu. With it there has come a nge of \:llmal(: and whore once were fertile flelds and broad rivers are now u semi-arld plateau and rugged mountaine. The pew climatic and agriculturai con- ditions have not’ been conducive to breeding a great people. § Although Mongolia regained aii- tonomy under China more than two centuries ago, that empire gradually encroached on this liberty. ~In 1811, when revolution was sweeping China proper, the Mongols rebelled-und de- Clared themselves entirely _inde- pendent of Peking:. Russia, anxlous That a friendly buffer state be main- tained between Siberia and China, and as a counter-irritant to the Japanese in Manchuria. rvflercd' her services as a mediator, and four years atdr @« tripartite agreement among Wgeia, China_and Mongolia was drawn 'up which gave Mongolia true | nder China S Bvents of 1817 1n Ressia gavo Peking the opportunity to break i plighted -word, & the lhlnu; Swarmed into the capital city © Trgh, once more -“reclaiming” Mon- golia, ~ In the ‘meantime Baron back to the reign of |} ] von Sternburg. Russian WAk ee Guard leader, was driven from Siberia across the Mongolian border. Bloody battles and massacres fol- owed, until Unge! capturing Urga in February, I and driving out the Chinese city of Urga.as a base, he car- ried on his war against the reds across the Siberian border, untii they in turn captured Urga and put the ‘Whites to flight. * kK % Siberian troops were brought in, to be later replaced by soldiers from Moscow, and the republio. of Mon- golla ‘was erected. The Living Buddha is still the nominal head of the state and évery important offico 18 occupled by Mongols, but each minister.of state has.a bolshevist ad- Viser, and the true power lies in the hands of this group. The minority party, known as “Young Mongolia, and consisting_of Mongols with a smattering of Russian and with in- clinations. in that direction, is in the saddle politically. Taxation has been heavy and oppression great, aithough it must be confessed _that -Moscow replaced the first bolshevist adviser with & far more liberal man Lubarsky, under whom both political and economic conditions have ap- preoiated to a comsiderable extent. The loss of Mongolia rankles in the of the Chinese, and many all “abortive, have been con: éd_for its reclamation. Pe vopeatedly ‘asserted that it has no intention of annexing Mongolia, that all it seeks is the independence or autonomy of that country, and that the eoviet troops will be withdrawn when wished by, the ;Mongols them- selves and - when guarantees are given that Mongolia will not be used a8 a base for antl-boishevist endeav- ors. There i no good reason to bglleve that the present aims of acow in ' this direction - differ ma- terially from those formerly held by Petrograd—the creation of & fflnnfllz buffer state in Mongolla. Althougl Q. Was William A. Pinkerton, who died lately, the founder of tho detec- llve\' agency which bore his name?— A. Willlam A. was the son of Allan Pinkerton, who founded the Pinker- ton National Detective Agency in Chi- cago in 1850. Q. How many people take part in the JOberammergau Passion Play?— A.. The players aro about 600 in numbers, .all villagers, who are in- structed by the priest. M.QA ‘Who discovered A. Tt was first isolatédiin 1838 by Sclentists Davy and Wohler. In_1886 Hamilton V. Castner of New York ¢ity perfected a plan of manufactur- ing aluminum as a sheet metal. m?- “:hy 1en't a ro ©_rotary, not the cens7<C. 0 B e A. Most types of rotary engines, u least, have nearly all of (he disad. vantages of the conventional recip- rocating engine without its advan tages, und in most cases also ther are certain serious mechanical diffi- culties. in the design which prevent these types of engines developing as high general efliciency and durability as the reciprocating engine. Q. WHat is the name of the ai or desire which fmpels a n:rly::!:s wish to )sumy off when on high places? Juminum ?— tary englne—the turbie—a suc- A, Acrophobla i a4 eymptom of a condition known as neurasthenia or psychoneurosls. Persons who are af- fec with this pecullar condition I)'xaxvgahgho desire to jump from a great helght, Q. How to write Street A. In speaking of this poem and of The Everlasting Mercy,” Masefield himself says: “Each of these two tales w itien {n three Wecks and three long did-it take Masefield “The Widow in the Bye M. B. Q. Do Jews have celébrations of the nature of Christmas, as fur as the festival and exchanging of gifts are concerned?—L. L. A. The American Jewish World 8ays that Christmas candles can be traced to the bedutiful Hanukah lights, and the custom of exchanging §ifts has its counterpart in the fun of 'Shlach Monos. The harvest fes- tival of Sukkoth corresponds to the American Thanksgiving. Q. Are thers any gold Switzerland?—C. W, "o Tines in A. Switzerland is not rich in min- erals and has no gold mines or de- posits of any importance. Q. Whose was the first official mar- rlage ufier the Mayfower landing 7 A. The New England Reglster say: that the first weddi: K olotratad in the New England colonies took place May 12, 1821, five months after the landing of the Pilgrims on Plym- uth Rock o The birme and groom re ward Winslow Mie: Susanna White. Sl Q. How does the number of railroad compare with the of people in the United States? A, Tn 1530 there were forty miles of railroad, with a ratio to the pop- ulation of’ one mile of railway to 321,317 people. The ratio for 1922 was ofe- mile to 400 people. At present tHere are approximately 265,000 miles ®f raiiroud in the United States, or two-fifthe ‘of the total of tha rail- roads of the entire world f miies Lumnber || " ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ; ) BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN Q. Of all the American soldiers Who went overeeas, liow many we s detually engaged in’ battle?—W. A. L. A. - Two out of eve: ::'l;lobflhl".h‘, sectors, Those wheg TEIEN service were 2,084,001 of these 1,390,000 s et at the front, coat-of-arms ot Q. What is_tho Wales?L. S. R, A. The coat-of-arms of Walés con- siats of thres feathers with (he wate “Ih dien.” meaning “I serves Tt fg related that this coat-of-arms orlgi nally belonged to the blind King of Bohemia, Who was killed in the battle of Crecy, in 1346. Edward, Prinos of Wales at the time, distinguished him- self greatly in the battle, and at this time adopted the motto and crest of the former King of Bohemia. Q. Ho used?—A. A. Aristophanes of _Alexandria used punctuation to somB extent in 250 B.C. There was no ? punctuation, however, 1500 A.D. Aldous Manutiue, a learned Venetian printér, noted for the beauty of his style, employed it at this time. vr.Gxonz has punctuation been Q. When' Sunday was abolished during the French revolution, was there no day of rest?—C. C. It was then arranged that every tenth day should be a @ay of reet. Q. 1s maple sugar made generally throughout the world?—, E. C. A. The production of maple sirur , and maple sugar is purely an Amer ican industry, Canada being the onlv country other than the United State: where they are made. Q. How many criminals do not b llevo In God?—H. McK A Complete data are not avas able, but Prof. T. W. @orsiey re investigation of 23,675 criminals in English jails and of this number cnly fifty-seven de themselves &5 athe! Q. Have the Philippines a I WK A. The “Philippine TIslands celebrated the fourth anuiver: the adoption of a flag. It ie composed of horizontal stripes of blue and red with an inset triangle of white. On this are imprinted « golden sun ai three golden stars, representing the thres island groups composing the Philippine archipelago. Q. _1Is there a country named Brit tany?—G. A. D. B. A. Brittany is the old name giver to a division of France. It 1 peninsula w flog? D ry bounded on the English channel. Q. When was the Victoria Cross first given and what for’—H. K. L. A. The Victoria Cross, given for conspicucus bravery, was instituted In 1858 on the close of the Crimean war, and wae given to citizens who had borne arms against the Indian mutineers. In 1811 the decoration was extended to the Indian army A bar may be awarded for an add! tional act of bravery. With the deco- ration is a pension for non-commf sioned officers and men of ten pounds s & year, with an addition of five pounds for each bar. (Have you o guestion you want answered? Send it to The Star In- Jormation Bureau, Frederic J. Has- kin, director, 1 North Capitot street. The only charge for thic aervice {s 2 cents in stamps for re- turn postage. - U.S. Aviation»Progress Duty After Long Lead, Say Editors “Twenty years after” is & very short time. But it. {s,recalled by editors everywhere that in this par- ticular instance the Wright brothers “out-Dumased” Dumas,” and the de- velopment of their “iylng bird” at| Kittyhawk December 17, 1903, up to the present at least, has meant more in war'than in peace, Incidentally,| in reviewing the developments of the year just ended, It also®is pointed out by those who have mide a study. of aviation that no less than thirty. three world records came, into pos- session of American: avigfors during 1923, and this In the fags of meager appropriations for Army and Navy aerlal development with /practically no progress in commercial flying, Ninety per cent of the editérs who have discussed this insist the time has come when Congress must loosen the purse strings so that aviation can be a favored sclence in the United States, While the rematning 10‘per cent in addition suggest something also must be dons to encourage. pri- vate . avialfon. . Incldentally’ it is everywhers emphasized that the day of "the. air flivvér is at hand and therd. s some speculation whether Detrolt may mot be the mother city in this line as it is In the auto field. In the latter connection the In- dianapolis News points out that “no longer are planes regarded as pri- marily for war purpoe it is as an aid to peaceful progress that they appeal to all. In two decades the airplano has proven its possibilities for influencing the ‘development of the world." That prophets were not without honor, save An’ their own country, was emphasised in the case of the Wrights, suggests the Omaha World-Herald in recalling it was not until they had-gome to France and interested French experts in the invention that the Wrights recei any recognition in America, and the Omaha d, it is the influence not publicly stated, it s the influence garden walls; somo murders’ within | o doors, to be sure: The police force heavily augment- ed.at night -so that the man on one beat was in sight of the man on the next, and the ‘day sticks re- placed by rifles. Safe and secure and content I'went my happy way? Where?s 3 1In'China—Tientsiu, in the Chinese city proper. Now here is a standard for the city of Washihgton to strive to riss to. Come on; don't: let the Chinese "put: you ‘to the blush. Oh, about those dréadful bandits? To be sure, but they don't operate on the F atrests and Broadways of the leading. citles. Inland; in smail frontier towns mostly. But 80 many of them® Well, they would not have a chamce in small groups as they operzte in this coun- try; twos and :threes and fours would be controlled there, ‘even on the borders. groups of operating in Ame citles mdt‘ll:: an ltml:« bill ‘ol cents and dimes, it total. You may be that the total of back as soon as eir: cumstances allow, but I.-should 1fki to be able to tell 'my Chinese trisnd, that America. is making progress in some of the essentlals of civilization. ncourage the Mr. both so-called pro- -Chinese Mongols are : “We wish -for tl of cur couniry. We 3 ~of 1916, hav! Thing ’::'ngmom an’ alliance with ‘but also having our au- guaranteed by both Russia statements | of independence wo\lrd. gladly | were regarded as crazy me ‘World-Herald feels “it is pity that such advances as air tra portation and undersea transporta- tion, both the result of American inventive genius, should have been at first cast off by their own country and forced to seek room for growth | on foreign soil. ity that they have had to depend or thelr {mpetus of gro the hatreds of Avar instead of the progressiveness of peace. Airplanes are good things t6 have in war, but the; are better things in peace. And they are good things to remind any one whose ambition may be faltering, who _think that ‘time is flying | terribly fast, that much may be done in twenty years.” * %k * ¥ “Pwenty years ago the Wrights n whoso | splendid energies. and moncy WOre| being wasted upon a hopoless propo-, sition,” the Piterson Call polnts oul. | y judgment, it is high tim that we Slack side’ by sids With the Goddess (;fdhony another status to God W, 4 B —J:XDOE R. M. WANAMAKER. of a brave 4 ivorc| it from politics, the Vm m{g{ be made genuinely effective, in a few generations boot- legging and drinking will be as much under the soclal ban 2@ theft and murder, IMOGEN B. OAKLEY. The war was won by organization “but today nobody ‘knows the names: of thoss persons.in Dayton who poked | fun at the young bieycle repatr men, but the names of Orville and Wiibur Wright aré forever written in the| book. of ' tame) The first m_zml lasted only twelve seconds,” t::e :a: ! York' Evening World recalls, In ask- ing. “in. what branch of human achlevement havo two decades seen startling and spec- acular? = Reviewing aviation since zhe ‘Wright brothers & men of '_an’lt_y today: can feel like » patrisrch & o Which ““the Albany ' Knickerbocker 1% a lesson in the rs that have added so. story of mankind since the Wrights fluttered a few rode ubove the earth in their ploneer air plane, The‘iesson could well bo used to meet the challenge of the twenty years which are ahead. What about the dreamers of today? Are they also jrsorGarialls adnlint, B0 ~B 'ib'--ultlulde -when they were building their machine nor bt the eneers of many even on the da of victory twent; eal 3 should there be dlscouragenen and now for the forward Twenty years is only a b history. ” Every day of every o nlmhe years can be a day of Dlishment.” ‘And i ¥ Providence JoAurnal G were enthusiasts {n se who did not know enough to know i+ could not be done. And so it was done.” Roviewing all that is now be done, especially emphasizing the templated polar fiight. the Sag: News-Courler insists “that these umps are made possible by tie gnterprise, fait: bor of mericans, one s ving and w ing dafly in t Sdtorice s ¢ iaboratories ar Daytén, Ohio, is no sm o pride to all other for the inescapsb be ‘difficult_indecd to be has happened in the sclence of ma. tering the air in tiventy years” Yet, “after the lapse of two decades, we are allowing ot ntries to usurp ' sa¥< tne Daveanort b eve all th: T o he D. ourselver n citizens, we ca ck tp America t! supremacy which once was here.” Ir this connection, however, the Indian- apolis Star suggests “po conflict | imminent and progress in the devel- opment of the plane as an indispensa- ble {nstitution in peace is satisfactory to Mr. Wright. who says, oddly enough, that he is mo longer con nected with the commercial side of the business. Is he experien frequent fate of inventors seeing others reap the rew * R ng the ot | . Characterizing the cclebration last { month as “the anniversary of a mir- | acle,” the New York Times feels “no mention of it would be accurats orf | just it it aid not emphasize the fact | that the tnvention of the airpiane, | like many other famous inventions, | was the fruit of many rn's endeav- ors. As early as 1557 the late Prof. Samuel Langley was experimenting scientifically with alr pressures on plane surfaces and planning mode! airplanes, In 1896 one of Lang- ley's models, Weighing twenty-seven pounds and driven by & small steam engine—of course, without a pilot: was flown for three-quarters of ! mile. In October, 1903, Langley con-j model which it is _now v agreed would have flowr not_been for the breakage of of the launching gear. “Other ploneers were Otto Lilien- thal, the German engineer, who made ) flights with a glider constructed of arching planes, finally eacrificing His life. - Octave Chanute; who made 300 flights with gliders in his experi- ments_on the shores of Lake Mich gan: Lawrence Hargreave, & New Zealander; who experimented with gliders and incidentally juvented the Sox kite, and Capt. Ferber, a ploneer in French aviation. Other Europeans Were making Drogress toward suc- cessful flight at Ale time of -the Wrights' first trials .at Kittyhawk. So, regardless of the suscess or fall- ure of any Individual inventor, the Airplane was destined {o wppear in the worla shoftly after the beginning of the twentieth century. Points Out Mistake In Making Reports 'To tus Editor of The Star: ~ I read In your Sunday paper, on the tront page, an account of the miliing contest at the Soldlers’.Home datry. 1 alsé read an editorial in ‘the Mon- day’issue which spoke of the instructive qualitiés of this event.” . Dor’t you think -the people: wouldy have. been better instructed if the piece in Sunday’s paper had correctly named the breed of "euttle? T've worked on quite a few farms in Illi-, nois, but I'll be hanged {