Evening Star Newspaper, January 7, 1924, Page 4

4 : DISBU”RAGES ARMS, ORDERS NEW SENTENCE. | B Judge to Add Fine to Prison Term of D. W. Barrow. _posed by the District Supregie-Court [ n, Pavid w.;hm.kwnw. eo:flct‘;dls T orging. two ecks on ti : Unlt - Smten_"&-enury. ‘The nmm:u of-the: “WIA!;Afl»'IIumn RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLIO. FEDERATION OF SOVIET REPUBLIC. oowg{‘um |law under which he was convicted 3 i alled for. both g nndtmnr onment, and the trial Justice Yalled lo add u| ue to the'term of imprisonment, The 5 o *the | 5 Executive | Presidiom | Soviet of | Boviatof Justice Van Qradel rendered tha-opin- | Committes. ‘{Committee. 2 & most highly organized group. wh lon of e colir! nist party is not a olitic: AThe court dfficined the conviction of | e : ‘n--;_e; In the ordinary sen ot the rthur B, Burgess- of a_violation of ' word. 1Tt can in no wise be compares the white stuve law. While he had Lo party crganizations in the United wo wives fram whom he was not s or in western Europe. s a divorced Burgess took a young woin- closely rganized, rigidly dlscipiined. an to Alexandria and went through & military corps of tried and trusted marriage ceremony with her and lived men picked with great care from the th her in ‘Washington. general body of professing com- WASHINGTON, THE GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA. The fovernmenl of Russia, or third THE EVENING STAR, LODGE FLAYS SOVIET . - INRAIL ACT UPHELD Continued from First 3 Pl e i Ueod i U.S. Supreme Court Hands Down Decision on Ap- peal From Texas. X sia, showing the interlocking of the Russian communist party, the Russian soviet government and the communist nternational, described by Senator Lodge, chairman of the foreign relations committee, addressing the Senate today. jcontrola & country o 000,000 1n- | habitants? * To understand this 1t must, first of all, be realized that the Rossian communist party, although numerically insignificant in_compari Government Announces Such Deals Will Incur Disfavor. ‘Embargo Hinted. All-Russlan Central of Central | People's Lentn Kameney Trotsky Rrkoy Tomaky Htalin Zinovie Rudsutak(A) Lenia Kamener Trotaky Rykov Tomsky Stal o Zinoviev Rugeatak Kamenev [Lenta(P) |Kamenev(VP) Rykov (VP) Lenin(®) &) nev) VP| Ki Attempts by agents of the Mexican rol Bykov{VP) revolutionary group to purchase mu- nitlons in the United States are ex- pected by offictals here to bring lt- The recapture of excess earnings clause of the transportation act was declared valid and contitutional to- day by the Supreme Court. Rykov |Tomsky Stalin Rudsutak Kallaln(P) Exertves Rudsutak Kalinin(P) tle, if any. assistance to the de la Huerta forces in thelr effort to over- throw the Obregon government. The supply of military rifles and ammuni- ficARTEB REsuMEs tion in the hands of private cuncemal EXCAVATmN WORK‘ is thought to be insufiiclent to meet the needs of revolutionists, and it Is also regarded as unlikely that an Recovering From Iliness, Explorer; Again Enters Tut-ankh- i into a transaction known to be in confilet with the policy of his gov- ernment. The Department of Justice reiter- ated the government's attitude in a telegram last night to its agents at New Orleans, where representatives of the revolutionary group were re- ported negotiating for the purchase of munitions. Quoting the Secret, of State, the message stated that, Though there is no embargo on the | shipment of war materizls to M 300, such shipmen ire being di courawed.” and that “moXeover, pri- vate concerns muk ng such shipments do o entirely at their own risk. R et May Start Embargo. LUXOR. Egypt, January '7.—How- An Am manu urer “"r'\‘nrn! Carter, In charge of the Tut-| mignt be tnclined to deal with the | oy "ot 0 i il revolutionis’s. pointed out in | some quarte HA Tace the likell- | bocame Indisposad last wae ttor d hagus of | h-a transaston affect r:"xn-h discovery of the sare. aadvers v bids subsequent the Pharoah i tomb, w S mitted by him for governmeni jhe oah in the tomb, work be- | misted, by BimALOF KOS ng suspended in consequence, reap- | fronted by the possibil peared In the Valley of the Kinga! which_the | today and the tomb again was opened. | oGl The usual small number of privileged | Tait as admitted, but the doors of | Of the shrine now are closed and the e oo cophagus is not visible, 1eh there 18 no embargo In the course of the morning the ¢ of war materials 10| component parts of the greut frame- | which supported the pall be- | ants are being dis- | work ate Department|iween the first and second shrines| Led in protective urglc them with favor, removed to the laboris Amerlean manufacturer would enter, Amen’s Tomb. {REPORT FRICTION ACUTE] Question of Passes to Visitors Brings Disagreement. Orleans read sent_to this govern- r, private con- shipments do 30 own risk. {zed to repeat this to any fur- cate that the dissension excavitors and the d the which response au in fes.” expizined ful while it strictly revelu- that from a for the o arms abs: of succossive groutds of the dispute uestion of s, the | jecting to unre- | the tomb granted ! ter to his journalstic_asso- On the other hand, Mr. Carter | | icved to resent the iutrucion of visitors with permits from the ministry of pudlic works. Owing to the position of Intervening doors scarcely two feet of the bresdih | hugus is visib : protective goddess | = . 1a Huerta foroes |\ 114, (0P SOTOT ETISNE KNS STy | stock and {incised in shaliow rellef. - 4 equipment ~Wwares| The visitor looks at the top end of course. contain them Dut | tha warcophagus, where, as {8 deduci- | a5 of private’manufacture|pl. trom the sacred eyes of Horus, | rifies has not been re- En!med on either.side of the outer | since the War Depart-|pjue and gold canopy, the head of the buildine royal mummy lie patents. in the sarcophagus of Haremheb, State and War Department adwices | which Tut-ankh-Amen's coffin obvi~ would appear to prove that the great- fously resembles closely, and in other { est shortage of the Obregon govern- |sarcophagi the protective goddesses | ment was not in rifies. but in ammu- | do not stand at the corners, but their | nition for the Mauser and other rifies | fizures; delicately carved, are laid Blready in the hands of the Mexican | fiat at the sides, with wings bent | The firsi effort made by the fover to cross on the back'.and front ! fon agents was to find a supply ! of the entablatures, an artistic ef-| of Manser ammunition, it was stated, | fect which preserves unimpaired the and vhen they failed to locute that |simplicity of the effect in stone. fhey turned to the American govern- | Until ‘lie outer shrines are disman Mment stock of surplus Enfield rifles, | tled it will be impossible to give t Tor which the army had many mil- | dimensions of the coffin, which clear- lions of rounds of ammunition it |ly is of large size. Probably the most Santed: alflklng thing about it fs its color— | ‘ihe ammunition situation among |a wonderful rosy pink—which, like | both the government and rebel forces, | everything else in the tomb, except | s revealed In offictal dispatches, ap- | the gold-spangled pail, scems to ban. | peure ta be critical, due to the mie- | ish tho gloom of death and accord Pelianeous assortment of rifles in the ! with the glittering gold of the four | hands of the troops. While all of the | inclosing shrines. | men in the field are said to have ri- | The question whether the space be- Al many are said to be useless for | tween the shrines contains furthe Jack of cartridges to fit the guns. treasures, which almost certalnly it| Tn the view of some officials, there- | does, cannot be answered until the fore, the trans.er to the Obregon |shrines are taken down’. 'or the doors forces of the five million rounds of | completely block the view. ammunition may have. a decisiye ef- SPEclAL COMMI‘ITEE ‘ FREAR DENOUNGES | oN VET BILL BACKED Representative Winslow Favors; TAX CUT PROPAGANDA! Proposal if Body Is Organ- ized Comnrehensively. re sald would potle svarnment. regardless of embargo Supplies in Doudt. davr Dep nt ofMclals available i in _guantitie fts own| Comes Out With Vigorous Oppo- sition to Many Provisions of Mellon Bill. H Approval of the plan of House leaders to set up a new rommittee FEnactment of excess profits, {u-|especially to consider legislation rel- | creased inheritance and gift taxes was | ative to the Veterans' Buresu and the urged today by Representative Frear|care of disabled former service men ©of Wisconsin, a republican member 0!!“ given by Representative Samuel the House ways and means committee. | Winslow of Massachusetts, chairman In a prepared address dellvered mlof the committee on interstate and the House he came out vigorously in: foreign commerce, which heretofor | opposition to a number of the Impor- has had jurisdiction over such legls- tant provisions in the Melion tax bil lation. and denounced the propaganda he de-| mhge new committee, however, would clared was being conducted in behalf|pave no jurisdiction over appropri- of the administration's program. ations for the Veterans’ Bureau. Mr. Frear, who Is a leader in the re- | Representative Winslow, speaking publican insurgent bloc, also asserted | for nimself, and not for his commits that Congress would pass the soldiers' { 1e made the following statement: bonus bill “notwithstanding. the pro-| . «personally, I approve of the idea tasts of big business mén.": if the jurisdiction of the committee is Sces Greater Reduction. set up in a way as to make the com- Tmittes plan workable, not only in re- In outlining the tax reduction | gpect to direct legislation. but with a program which he desires to be|view of working harmoniously and ef- transiated into law, the Wiscon ficiently with other committees which e i CCongress” shoma '8N have jurisdiction over certain fea- duce the tax on earned Income by an | tures 'of veterans legislation which aggregate of $100.000,000; cut the | affect the administration of the Vet- normal tax on incomes of $4,000 erans’ Bureau. and less from 4 per. cent to 2 per | . 'Then the new committee must also cent, and on incomes of more than | have & sufficlently elastic jurisdiction $4,000 from & per cent to 4 per cent.) 10 take UD any new phases of the This 19 a greater reduetion than has | ;‘;bi_fi‘éh‘:‘n'l'g'{"“,':‘;;e:“f;;gfl“;fi:;: been recommended by Secretary Mel- | 31 ViliChy ™ ¥ o mader-for - comprs! Mr. ens! power for the new committee. declaring Congress shoul | personnel of the new committee very oriminate “in mnr etotlh‘: ;’5' tu‘:’.'\.';:ou'nlmly consldered.” toket and exclude a ohild's § cont candy." ‘ S ALL OUT OF PAROLES. The House was told that there was a p:‘el&?gmnetgg for a “moderate tax |[JUdEe Gives 30-Day Sentence on un o of rax mo;flumm :“fl"’ ":’ palioity Instead. aw should be enacted, sald Mr.| James Simpson, sald by the police Frear, ificall 1 = . gurities without awalting 2doption of | Police Court today before Judge e encment. th | gchuldt to answer to charges of in- reterence t i similar to taxes in vogue in Ei . : 884 Prance and ahoutd Mlow & mieti 'mr“h‘ ',h“ e T at a fxed rato to the state where VRIS FU%0id him that he was all Atate s v oo ooled: out of paroles today, but had & - vi thirty-day Jail sentence left. And the HEARINGS TO RESUME. |™= s> Chamber to Hear Pleas for Juve- AD“ITS MAIL quns- " nll:n!nt:ll 'm:‘ - B. Crager Awaits ' Sentence in earing o matter as & whether there I3 a need for new| G1888 Casket: Stock Sale Case.: legislation relating to juveniles in the | NEW YORK, January 7.—Benjamin District, of Columbis will be resumed!Crager of the Craxer System, Incor- | 3::;:&;3 nlghll at ’u°'|°l°f'§ ay mr porated, pleaded gullty in federal ce on law and legislation of |court today. to an indictment charg- }::.xh.l:n::on Chamber of Com- ing use of the: maila o defrand, gror. Jamés T. Lloyd is chairman of this |ing out of an investigation of the sale ttes. The hearings will be held | of stock of the Glass Casket Company. P e S on s e ) e T e e £25 9% | cuse have been tripht - > Kalinin (Al Molotov(A) Bukbaria(A) Kalinin [Molotor (Bukharia Kn'inin BMolotay Bukbarin The complete manuscript of plan No. 1469, under the Bok peace award, providing ‘for co-operation between the Unlted States and other nations “to achleve and pre- serve the peace of the world,” is given below, Inciuding the author's reagoning: Five-sixths of all nations, in- cluding about four-fitths of mun- kind, have already created a world organization, the purpose of which is “to promote interna- tional co-operation and to achieve international peace and security.’ Those nations cannot and will not abandon this system. which has now been actively operating’ for three and a half years. If lead- ing members of the United States verument _ever se pes that another A ciation of mations could be . such hopes were dispelled during the Waushington conference by plain intimations from other ~powers that there is not room for more than one organization llke the leaguo of nations. The states outside the organ- zed world are not of such a cheracter that the United Siates could hopefully co-operate with them for the purpose nar League Only Way. Therefore, the only possible path to_co-operation in which the United States can take an increas- ing shure is that which le.ds to- ward some form of AKreement with the world ag now creanized, called the league of nation y sheer force of social inter- nationzal gravitation such co-oper- ation becomes inevitable: The United Stites zovernment, theoretically maintaining a pol- fcy of isolation, has actually gone since March 4, 1821 ‘co-ope ith other to uchicve and preserve the peace of_the world." Tre most familiar part of the story is the work of the Wau ington conterence, whers dant . Harding's adm made a beginnink of armament, opened to prospect a rehabilitation ©d with Great Britain, Japan and France to make the Pacific ocean worthy of its name, Later came the recommendi- tion that the United States should adhere to the Permanent Court of In ernaticna; Jus'iee. Not long after that action Presi- dent Harding wrote to Bishop Gailor: “I do not believe eny confront the responsibility of a President of the United States and yet adhere to the idea that it is possible for our country to main- tain_an attitude of lsolatlon and aloofness in the world.” But since the proposed adhesion to the Permanent Court would bring this country into close con- tact at one time and point with the league of nations, and Since such action is strenuously opposed for exactly that reason, it is per- tinent to inquire not only how much co-operation with the league and its organs has been proposed during the life of the present ad- minfstration, but also how much has been actually begun. Delexates From U. S. The United States government has accredited its representatives to sit as members “in an unof- ficlal and consulting capacity” upon four of the most important social welfare commissions of the league, viz: Health, oplum, traffic in women and children. and an- thrax (industrial hygiene). Our government is a full mem- ber of the International hydro- graphic bureau, an organ of the league. Our government was represented by an “unofficial ob- server” In the Brussels conference (finance and economic commission) in 1920. It sent Hon. Stephen G. Porter and Bishop Brent to repre- sent it at the meeting of the opium commisston last Ma: 1th rvice has nav man 2an slon and has helped In the experi mental work for the standardi- zation of serums. Our government collaborates with the league health organiza: tion through the International office of the public health at Paris, and with the agriculture committee of the league labor or- ganization through the Interna- tional Institute of Agriculture at Rome. In February, 1923, Secretary Hughes and President Harding formally recommended ’ that the Senate approve our adhesion to the Permanent Court under four conditions or reservations, one of which was that the United States should officially participate in the ection of judges by the assembly council of thge league, sitting as electoral colleges for that pur- pose, - . Joins Welfare Bedles. Unofficial co-operstion from the United States with the work of the league includes membership in five of the social weifare commissions or committees of the league, in one on ecomomic reconstruction, and in one (Aaland Islands), which averted a war. American women serve as expert assessors upon the opium and traffic in women com- missions. ‘Two. philanthropic agencies in the United States have between them pledged more than $400,- 000 to support either the work of the opidemics commission or the league inquiry into conditions of the traffic in women and childrea. ‘The United States being already committeed to united e agencies for the:common social welfare, 2ll of ‘which have bearing upon the prese: lon of world peac: the guestion before us may tak this form: » How can increasing co-oper- ation between the United States and the organized world for the gl‘ollotlon of peace and security o assured, in forms acceptable to the people of the United States and hopefully practicable? 2 Way Open te United States, ‘Without any change In its pre: ent policy, already described, the United States government could, first, show its willingness to c oparate similarly with the other humane and reconstructive agen- cies of the league. To four of thess agencles that government has aiready sent delegates with “vlng now:u‘. “'l‘c“‘eoum as proj accept in ns to ace m&'z' members with Ilike powers to each one of the other welfare commissions. It has already re- celved invitations from two of the participation in the work of the commissions and -technical com- mittees of the labor organization. Tre record shows that such co- operation Is already begun. The single common purpose of all these committees is the col- lectlon and study of information, on which may be based subsequent recommendations for national leg- isiation. 11 conventions and resolutions recommended by the first three congresaes of the International Labor Organization have already been lald before the Senate of the United States and, without ob- jection, referred to the appropri- ate committee. No differcnt pro- cedure would have been followed if the United States werp & mem- ber of the labor organization of the loague, A third Immediately practicable step s the Senate's approval of the proposal that the United States adhere to the Permanent Court of Internationgl Justice for the reasons and under the condi- tions stated by Secretary Hughes and Fresident Harding in Febru- & 1923, These three suggestions for in- creasing co-operation with the 1 ily of nations are In harmony poiicics aiready adopted by our government, and In the last case with a policy so old and well recognized that it may now be called traditional. T do not involve a question ip in the league of ns as now constituted, but it anot be denied that they lead to threshold of that gquestion ns between the States and the assembly und council of fiity-four nations in the league. Precedents Established. The practical experience of. the league during its first three and a half years of life has not only wrought out, In @ group of prece: dents, the beginnings of what might be called the const tutional law of the leaguo, but it has also shifted the empHasis in activities of the leaguo and foreshadowed impor- tant modifications in its constitu- tion, the covenant. At ita bifth the covenant of the league bore, vaguely In article X and more closely in article XVI. the impression of a general agroe- ment to enforce and coerce. Both of those articles susgest the ac- tion of a world state which never existed and does not now exist. How far the present league is a-tually removed from functioning as such a state s sufficiently ex- hivited in its dealtngs with Lithuanfa and Poland over Vilna and their common boundary. and with Greece and Italy over Corfu. Experiénce in the last three vears has demonstrated probably insupersble difi.ulties in the way of fulfiling in all parts of the world the large promise of article X in respect to either its letter or its spirit. No one now expects the league council to try to sum- mon armies and fleets, since it ut- terly failed to obtain even an in- ternational police force for the Viina district. Each assembly of the league ha witnessed vigorous efforts to in- terprt and modify article X. In the fourth assembly an attempt to adopt an interpretation of that ar- icle in essential agreement with the senatorial reservation on the same subject in 1920 was blocked only by a small group of weak states like Persia and Panama, which_evidently attributed to ar- ticle X a protective power that it possesses only on paper. Choice for Small States. cide whether the preservation of a form of words in the c rant 1s more vital to their pea: 12 security, and to the peace & - curity of the world, than the . - ence-of the United States a. the council table of the family of na- tions. As’ to article XVI the council of the league created a blockade commission which worked for two years to determine how the “eco- nomic weapon” of. the league could be efMcidntly used and uniformly applied. The commission failed to discover any obligatory procedure that weaker powers would dare to accept. It was finally agreed that each state must decide for itself whether a breach of the cov- enant has been committed. The second assembly adopted a radically amended form of article XVI from which was removed all reference to the possibility of em- ploying military force, and In which the abandonment of uni- form obligation was directly pro- vided for. The British govern- ment has since proposed to weak- en the form of requirement still further. . Articles X and XVI, {n thelr ori- ginal forms, have therefore been practically condemned by the prin- cipal organs of the league and are today reduced to something like innocuous deauetude. The only kind of compulsion which nations can freely engage to apply to each other in the name of peace i$ that which _arises from conference, from moral judgment, from full publicity, and from the power of public opinion. Loath to Interveme, . Another significant development in the constitutional practice of the league is the unwillingn of the league council to intervene in any American controversy, even though all states in the new world except three are members of the league. This refusal became evident in the Panama-Costa Rica dispute in 1921 and in the quarrel between Chile, Peru and Bolivia, a quarrel which impelied the last’ two states to absent themselves from the third assembly, wherein a Chilean was chosen ‘to preside. Obviously the league intends to recognise the leadership of the United States in the new world precisely as the United States claims it. This is nothing less than the observance of an un- written law limiting the powers and duties of the league councll, defined In article XI of the covenant, to gquestions that seem to threaten the peace of the old world. When the United States is willing to bring the two halva: of the world together for friend- 1y ‘consideration of commoa dan- flrl‘ ‘duties and needs, it will be possible to secure, if it is de- sired, closer co-operation between the organizations and the Pan- lfil rican Urolu. -l"“ll ': .poten! onal league. el vabie thal the family of nar entually clearly de- tions may e of e certain powers and dul l?‘nlltlvtly local significance which - 1 et o Bat! the world of business and ‘l'um i n! - The " “““’.,.mu&"m“"w&m Sod Femase: s AR I Bukharin |Bukharia THE PLAN IN BRIEF Proposes I. That the United Btates shall {mme- diately enter the Permanent Court of In- ternational Justice, under the conditio Stated oy Becretaty" Hugbes and Press dent Harding in February, 1028. 11. That without becoming & member f Nations as at present constituted, the United States shali offer to extend its present co-operation with the Lesgne and par'i-ipate 1o the work of the League ax a body of mutual coun- sel_under conditions which 1. Substitute moral force snd public gpinion for the military aud sconomols force_originally implied in Articles X and XVI. . Safeguard the Mooroe Doctrine. Accept the fact that the United States will mssume po obligations under the Treaty of Versailles except by Act of Congrise, . Propose _that membership in the Lesgue sfiould be opened to all nations, . Provide for the contipuing develop- ment of international Do you approve the winning Name ... Yes O plan in substancel No O (Put sn X inside the proper bex.) Address ....... City. Are you a voter?.... Mall promptly to THE AMERICAN PEACE AWARD 342 Madison Avenuc, New York City If you wish to express a fuller opinion aiso, please write to the American Peace Award. P sehonetdnpssaiioind CER BSHEFER R USSR e s | effort are nearly so. Isolation of any kind is Increasingly Impos- sible, and world organization, al- ready centralized. 1s no more like- 1y to return to disconnected effort than the United States is likely to revert to the Calhoun theory of states’ rights and secession. Value of Court. The operation of the leagus has, therefore, evolved a councll wide- 1y different from the body imag- ined by the makers of the cove- nant. that of persuasion and moral In- fuence. Its only actusl powers o confer and advise to commissions, to exercise Citive, concillative and arbi- functions and to help cloct judges of the Pefmanent Court. In other words, the force of e'reumstances ia gradually mov- ing the ieague into position upon the foundations so well laid by the world's leaders between 1899 and 1907 in the great interna t'onal courcils of that period. The n mblies of the league and the congresses of the interna- tional organizations succ ences, The Permanent Court has at least begun to realize the high- est liope and purpose of the sec- ond league conference. The secretariat and the labor office have becoms continuation committecs for the administra- tive work of the organ zed world. such as The Hague conference lacked resqur-es to creats but would have rejolced to soe The councl!, resolving loose large theories into clean-cut modest practice, has been grad- ually reconciling tho league, as an organized world, with the ideals of international’ interdependence, tomporarily obscured since 1914 by the shadows of the great war. Service of the League. = No one can deny that the or- gans of the league have brought to the service of the forces be- hind those ideals an efficlency, scope and varivty of appeal that in 1914 would have seemed In- credible. It is common knowledge that jubl'c opinion and official policy n the United States have for a long time,- without distinction of party, been favorable to interna- tional conferences for the ocom- mon welfare, and to the etab- lishment of conociliative, arbitral and judiclal means for settling international disputes There 15 no reason to believe that the judgment and policy have been changed. Alon, same lines the league plainly crystallizing, as has-been shown, and at the touch of th Unite? States the process can be expedited. n no other way can the o nized world, from which the United States cannot be econoin- fcally and spiritually separated, belt the power of public op'nion to the ~new machinery devised for the pacific settlement of con- troversies between nations and standing always ready for use. I The United States accepts the league of nations as an in- strument. of mutual counsel, but it_will assume no obligation to interfere with political questions of policy or internal administra- tion of any fore'gn state. The United States government should be authorized to propose co-operation with the league and articipation in the work of its ssembly and_councll under the following conditions and reserv ons: of other states for the preserv: tion of peace and the promotion of the common welfare, the United States does not abandon its tradi- tlonal attitude concerning Ameri- can independence of the old world and does not consent to submit its long-established policy concerning questions regarded by it as purely American to the recommendation or_decision of other powers. 1L The United States will as- sume no obligations under article X, in its present form in the cov- enant, unless in any particular case Congress has authorised such action. The United States will assume no obligations under article XVI. in its present form in the covenant or in its amended form as now proposed, unless in any particular ::lomtl:onlru- has authorised such The United States proposes that Articles X and X\y{o be either dropped altogether or so amended and cl ged as to eliminate any suggestion of, a general agreement to use cocercion for obgnlnt con- torml:y to the pledge: the cov- enan! 7 Action by Congress. IIL The United States will ac- cept no responsibility and assume no obligations’ in connection with ny duties Imposed upon the league by the peace treaties u less in y particular case Con- @ress has authorized such action. IV. The United States proposes that article I of the covenant be construed and applied, or, if neces- sary, redrafted, so that admission to the league shall be assured by any self-governing state that ‘wishes to Join and that receives the favorable vote of two-thirds of_the assembly. V. As a further condition of its participation in the work and 4 league, the United States asks that the agsembly and council consent—or obtain author- ity—to begin collaboration for the ision and development of inte: law, employing, for this purpose, the ald of a commission of jurists. This commission would be directed to formulate isting rules of the law of to. reconcile divergent opinions, to ‘consider points hithertoinadequat, 1y provided for but vital to maintenance of international ju: tice, and in general to define the It can employ no force but social rights and duties of states. The rm-:n-l‘ul-thu of the com- > [the Y. M. C. A and corporations. This committes w: chairman of ored ulation of o' Ve agelsted by to & recommending if not a law- making pody. - e Among these conditions numbers 1 and II have ulready been dis- cuzsed Numl;erhul is a logical consequence of the refusal of t Unitzd States Senate to ratify the treaty of Versailles, and of the settled policy of the United States which Is characterized in the first reservation. Concerning numbers LV and V, this may be sald Anything less than a world-con- ference, especia'ly when great powers are exclud=d, must incur. in proportjon to the exclusions, the suspicion of being an alllance rather than a family of nations The United States can render serv- fce In emphasizing this lesson, learned in The Hague conference &nd in thus helping to reconstitute the family of nations as it really Is. Such a conference or assembly must obviously bear the chief re- sponsibility for the development of new parts of the law of nations, devised to fit changed and chang. n;x‘ mn;dlllun!. to extend the sway of justice. and to help in presery ing peace and sec ul‘l‘:y - THRIFT WEEK HEADS OPEN HEADQUARTERS | Plans for Intensive Campaign Near Completion—To. Begin January 17. The thirft week campalgn com. mittee headquarters were opened to- day In the offices of the District Rankers' Assoclation, Masonic Tem ple, 13th street and New York ave nye. Preparations are being mad: for an Intensive campalgn of thrif to begin January 17 and conclud January 23, 3 Howard Moran of the America: Security and Trust Company !Is chairman of the committes; W. C Hanson of the E. G. Schafer Compan: 1s secretary, anc Harry V. Haynes of the Farmers anc Mechanics' Bank {s treasurer. Representatives of forty-one civic commerical, educational, women and with every organization In the city religlous organizations make up the general committee, and the thrift message will be carr! “—;fl" of vl:nhlnno;' ks e meetings and speakers' = mittee, under the direction of 8“";‘! Talkes, plans to fill every engagement reques and is getting In_ touch With every organization in the city that is likely to use speakers during Thrift week. Mr. Talkes will be as- -‘l:‘z':dvt; Mrs. Gertrude Blschoff, who e assistance | = Dl_irl;ln of blll‘l!l year. s o ;. The publicity committee, headed b; Newbold Noves, is planning an lny- tensive newspaper campaign, house organs, magasines, street cars and él”l'r&u‘th 'lvlln‘h' displa; er- s, s also planning a slogan contest, with- suitab) “".}.‘h mg.“'mn": le prizes for the e bank day committee s h by Thomas P. Hickman of the P::;? lin Natlonal Bank, and plans to o erve ‘Franklin's birthday—the day pon | which the thrift campaign starts—with the laying of a wreath t the Franklin statue, at Pennsyl- vania avenue and 10th street. Schoels Co-Operating. Tintendont of manseie. | of schools, 15 co-o RE with the meeting and speakers committee and the bank day com- mittee and has arranged meetings in the schools and for an essay.. oo test among the students Teachers -ll!gr w#l lc:-gb.rlt . W, arby, secretary of the ‘Washington Federation of Churches, and Dr. P. J, McCormick of the Cath: olic University are co-operating in the share-With-Others day program and ha o asjuceted the clergy of their re. ive _denominations. to reach thrift sermons on January 30. epresentatives of the Hebrew churches also will participate, A. J. fl";f.‘,‘, :'tnt.hotglunuy Trust Company el;?l:llc‘wgno'll, ¢ program for -paro- 3 raham, president of tional Electric !\%Dly Com‘h::; i chairman of the Budget day commi! tee and will stress the need of per- sonal budgets as_well as for firma distribute bud; books th sogount book~ RN T""“" o your s prompt! < mittes T2 hasded by Laon Mayer and through the Retail Credit Men's As- soclation will unite in advertising to show the value to the whole com- munity of the ompt ‘ment of bills. Guy Withers in charge Lite Insurance day committee | } impress upon the public th.[ need of life Insurance. C. Haughton is chalrman of th Own Your Own Home day committes, nd s urging real estate firms to b at home to their friends on that da; It is planned to open an "Ideal Ho: on_that QI(!~ . George C. Shinn is chairman ‘of ¢ Make a Will committes and has ready arran 1o have booths bar iation - rooms, th bullding, the office of the vario trust oo-flnlel. d ot Those desiring knowled Hgi will ‘b‘. ,illtruu'M r, Emmett_J. Scott, seorstary. tranurer of ‘Howara_ University: of the committes for the ulg. and 2D rones, £ those named above, the lowing Include the membership of e goneral thrift week committee: | Dificult. the Alawick Gusrdian, - “So d e action X i} munists and admitted into the party only after a vears probationary period, during which their loyalty is put to every conceivable test.” Calls Rule Tyrannical. Discussing the Russian government as pictured by him, Senator Lodge said: “We are dealing with an oligarchial organization, which is of the highest efficlency. It Is needless to say that it is a tyranny of the most absolyte kind. Russia has never been governed by anything but a tyranny and never by a tyranny more thorough or more ruthless than the present one. Benator Lodge gave in detail the fig- ures showing the preponderance of the communists in the congresses of the Russian soviet government—ranging in three such congress from 93 to 97 per cent. A similar high percentage found, he sald, in the higher local gov- ornmental organizations of the Russian verument. In my judgmen Lodge in summarizing his argument, It is no time to glve the soviet government of Russla recognition and approval of the United States and Invite official repre- sentatives come among us and under the diplomatic shield seek to break up our own labor organizations, attack American laws and American freedom and kindle the flame of riot and disorder throughout our country. Active “Enemy” of United States. *‘Obsta principlis’ is an anclent and wise rule never more needed here at this moment, when we are asked to &lve recognition not to a people or a country, but to a government—an active and insidious enemy working under our flag against all the beliefs and Institutions which Americans hold most preeiou Reading a carefully prepared ad- dress of upward of 30,000 words, Sen- ator Lodge announced that his argu- cni con@ned “No scoret of annoy- mous reports of any kind,” and that he addressed himself solely to the proposition contained in the resoiu- tion of- Senator Borah, republican, ldaho, that the até declare in {avor of the recognition of the pres- :nt soviel government, Evidence was presehted to show that the same group of men, chie among them Lenin, Trotsk =\ Buknsrin, K control the Russian govern- nent and play a predominating role in the congresses and conferences of the Communist International. Interlocking Apparent. Aside from this Interlocking, Sen- ator Lodge asserted that the inter- dependence of the soviet government and the communist International manifests itself in many other ways: hat the proceedings of the communist international, its proclamations and aropaganda appear In the official or- <ans of the soviet government; that the use of the Russian wireless and clegraph has been granted to the communist international, and that meet:ngs of the congresses of the nternational and of the executive committee are held in governmental sullding Documentary evidence also w: sroduced to show that the communist nternational ls the creation of the Russlan communist party, which was iared to be the controlling force aroughout the Russian government. ‘ontrol of the international has been etained by that party, Senator Lodge ald, through the support by the oviet power of many of the so- alled foreign delegates and through menev, he financial dependence of the, In-| on the soviet power, In- it has no resources of its .ernational wsmuch a; own. Reviewing In detall the make-up of | he various branches of the Rus- s.an_government, Senator Lodge of- iered a table to show that the high ‘Mcials of the Russlan communist party, the Russian and the federation of soviet rupubiies and the communist international practically are one and the same. Here was declared to be presented | ‘s system of interlocking directo- ates, which would be accepted at once by any court or any Jjury in this country as demonstrated without any further inquiry.’ Constitute Real Goverament. “These Interlocking directorates oconstitute the real government of Russia,” he said. “All power is theirs, In the presence of these facts it is, to my mind, absurd to say that the Russian soviet republic really of the divisions and not the most im- ortant. 3 “It furnishes, however, a convenient opportunity to say that thinge which are done and controled by the other and dominant branches of the go ernment are not done by the gov- srnment of Russia. Everything that has been done by any one of the three branches of the Russian government | l —the federation of soviet republics, e Russian soviet republic and th communist party, and the greatest of these is the communist party—has' been.done by the government of Ru: Bid, - There is no escaping that fact. 1 think I have shown who the men are who control all these organiza- tions and who control Ru ‘who are the real governor: stz the Russian communist party. a very formidable and highly organ ized system of government—arbi- trary, ynscrupulous and efficient. Cites Intemtions Here. Asserting that he could go on al imost indefinitely in of their work and their intention-in regard to other countries, the speaker said he would content hims with few examples, first, as to their gen eral intentlons and activities in countri other than the States, and, second, with a few e amples of their intentions and activi- |ty ties in the United States. As an ‘example of the latter, he read from & letter written by Trotsky to an American communist,” MacKav, a negro, which was published in the Moscow. ‘Isvestia on February 15 1923. It said, in part: “The training of black agitators is the most important revolutionary problem of the moment. * * ¢ I am at & loss.to say what are the most ex- pedient organization forms for the movemeént among American negroes, 1 am not fumiliar with the concrete conditions and possibilities, but the organisstion form will be foung r:m;; _.g.l‘lumclenl will for ayed.” Senator Lodge presented also a pamphiet prepared by the United Mine Workers-of America, Which he said gave a very full account of the activities of the Russian communist _vparty and the third international in ndertaking to control of Ameri- can laboforganisations. He sald also that jt showed & large expenditure of money in this country by the com- munists. ‘ Cites Gompera' Létter. As_a further demonstration of .the foeling of American labor unions in Tekard to the communist movement, the er read from the letter of last December 13, written by Samuel Gompers, president of the American eration of Labor, in which Mr. '8! ade clear his bellef that Simvare made Sledy als ellef thel sald_Senator | fixed the officfal | viet republic, | governs Russia. That is merely one | ia _and ? Rus- \Their names are practically | summarised in the political bureau of | |, tenecss of the hour, decided to tako It 48! 0 ction in the matter until morn- United The decision was handed down In a case brought by the Dayton-Gooss Creek Railway Company of Texas and fn which & number of important raflways joined, pleading .that tne provision ‘would’ result in confisca- tion. | The first concerted attack by the railroads upon the transportation act of 1920, enacted when the rallroads were returned to private ownership after operation under government control during the world war, reached the supreme court in an appeal \brought by the Dayton-Goose Creek Railway Company to test the consti- tutionality of the “recapture clause {under which railroads are required to return to the government one-half of their earnings in excess of 6 per cent jon the value of their property used in ! transportation service. ! “A number of the larger railrond icompanies joined the Dayton-Goose (Creek Company In its attack, c {tending that the returns from ra i by the Interstate Commerce {Commission must be assumed to be fair and reasonable, and to consti- tute only such revenue as the car |rlers are entitled to receive. Other roads, however, were not of this view and refrained from joining in the cace. Roads Lose in Tex: Court. |, Located entirely within the etate Texas, the Dayton-Goose Creek rc Instituted its challenge in the federal district court for the eastern district of that state and lost. The court heid that while not de- | nominated a tax, the law requiring | return to the government of a part of the excess earnings was in effect an excise tax, and clearly within the taxing powers of Congress. In ap ealing to the Supreme Court tie jrailroads contesting the provisi | contended it was bevond the pow. {of Congress to detormine what they ! should' do with their earnings, and ithat to deprive them of legitimate I Digg's was confiscation. i e National Association of Own- ; ems of Raliroad Securities, claiming { to represent a large proportion of the outstanding eecurities of e Amerl- { can railways, with the permission of the Supreme Court, joined in defend- ‘\ ing the clause under attack. i Pres dent Coolidge Quoted. { President Coolidge in his message | to Congress in December, 1923, d "re.‘l(«d attention to the case, sugges | ing that tae decison of the Supreme | Court should be awaited before any r railroad legisiation was en- | acking the “recapture Aluuse’ contended broadly thai | consitutional power of Congr in regulating rates to be charged by {common carriers was confined to pro- ting the public ugainst unreason- Inhle or discriminatory charges, and that the railr.ads, without regard to any action Congress migt take, were guaranteed protection In the courts gainst unconstitutional confiscation of the'r prop-rty. | Objecting alzo to the determ'nation by Congress that they should be per- mitted to earn only 6 per cent, the ! railroads insisted that su*h a deci- sion was open to the perogatives of the courts and deciaréd that no part {of their earning could be taken away {until the courts had determined what extent, If any, their earnings { had been excessive. H Government Makes Reply. In reply the government contended that conditions affecting railroads at the close of government control war- ranted the enaciment of the tran portation act, whose object was restore the transportation lines t sound financial operation. { To maintain an adequate national {rallway system, the government de ciared, Congiess provided that Interstate Commerce Commision, prescribing rates, should use as a basis the aggregate value of the rail- road property of the carriers in each rate group used in the transportation service. REBELLION AT V. M. I. RESULT OF HAZING {113 Sophomores Quit in Body When Classmate Is Punished by Committee. By the Associated Press. LEXINGTON, Va., January 7.—Re- belling against punishment of cne of their clasumates by the vigilanco committee of the school, the entirs | sophomore class of the Virginia Mili- { tary Institute walked out here about {1:30 o'clock this morning and took up quarters in Lexington. Many members of the class, which totals 113 men. including three members of the. varsity foot ball team, serted, after leaving the campus, t under no cifcumstances would they return to the jurisdiction of the in- stitute while the present vigilancs committee is in power. Gen. Nichols is understood to have been motified of the action of the third classmen soon after the rebei- lion took place, but because of the ing. | Workers' Party of “America by the | executive committee of:the Commun- fot International. It urmed greater, iving examples ' gotivity among commynista, in Amer< jea in organizing the .workers and combatting “capitalist designs.” “This letter has great importance. said Senator Lodge, “for’ it demon- strates at this very moment tHe close connection between ‘the Cemmunist International and the Workers Pa: of Amerioa.., The Communist in- tarnational, as has been shown, is dominated by theé Russian communist party, and the party dominates and ! controls the “so-called Ru- .Jan moviet republic and the ‘whole Russian g0 { ernment. In ‘other werds, | munist propagandg in America comes directly from the.government We arc | asked to recognize.” i DENIES BODIES UNITED 1 —— |goviet Official | Declares Russian Units. Far Apart. By the Assoclated Press. - MOSCOW, January 7.—M. Roth stein of the soviet foreign office’s press bureau has cabled to United States Senator ~ Borah prdtesting against the tendency to identify the Russian soviet government with the communist international. am officially authorized, s the dispatch, “to state that the com- munist international headguarters are accldentally situated in Moscow, owing to the absence of asylum elsewhere. The soviet government carries on the national affairs of the state, not the party, and no inter- national organization can influence it. “Opposing intervention in the inter- national affairs of Russia, the soviet overnment is less inclined to inter- ’tro in the affairs of other states than those governments which have carried on_armed intervention and blockaded Russia.” The dispatch denounces all state- ments to the contrary as “brazen