Evening Star Newspaper, July 2, 1923, Page 6

F g THE EVENING erAR |hulldln¢ and in the training of per- With Slndly Morning Edi(ion. WLSBINGTON. D C MONDAY .July 2, 1923 THEODORE W. NOYES. ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 Eaxt 12nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Bulldi Buropean Office: 16 Regeat St., London, . The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by carriers within the clty at 60 cents per mouth: daily only, 43 cents per nth; Bunday only, 20 cents per month. Or ders may be went by mail, or telephone Main ©000. ~Collection is made by carriers at the end of each month. Editor Rate by Mail—Payabje in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dalily and Sunday. 438, $8.40; 1 mo. Dally only. -0 SBunday only «» $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ 0¢ All Other State: Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $10. ., Daily only. 1yr., $7.00; 1 mo..60c Bunday only 1yr., $3.00;1mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. exciusively entitled | use for republication of all news dis- eredited to it or Dot otherwise credited paper and also the locnl news pub: lished ‘herein. ~All rights of publication of — Bok's Peace Prize. Edward W. Bok, the retired maga- zine editor, thinks to hasten the estab- lishment of peace in the world. He has offered $100,900 as an “‘American peace eward,” to be given to the American individual or organization presenting the best practicable plan by which the United States may co-operate with other nations for the achievement and preservation of world peace. Of this amount $50,000 is to be paid for the idea itself, and the remainder will be paid when the practicability of the idea is demonstrated either through its adoption by the United States Sen- ate or because a sufficient popular re- sponse indorses it. This is a princely gift, conceived in a spirit of the highest altruism and patriotism. Mr. Bok's purpose doubtless sincere in the desire to stimu- late thought upon this most important question. It will probably be various- 1y interpreted, by some as a moye to get the United States into an interna- tional association; by others as an ex- periment in the formation of public opinion. But it cannot be questioned that it is a genuine move for interna- tional peace, whether it results in any practical measure or not. A committee consisting of a former ambassador of the United States, a federal judge, a labor leader, a former Governor of New York and other men end women whose names are known nationally will conduct the competi- tion. The task of this committee will not be easy. It will be swamped with suggestions, some of them of possible | practicabili Jikelihood wildly theoretical and im- ‘practicable. Probably most of them will be variants of the league of na- tions conception. Therein will lie the difficulty of the task of the committee in making the award. In theory an international association, with power to check war-making frictions, surest means of insuring peace be- | tween nation In fact there is no such assurance. Asa practical matte the question jn respect to Mr. Bok proposal turns upon the second half of the plan, that of acceptance by the United States, through its Senate or through a definite public sentiment. Of great interest will be the stand ards by which the policy committee, as it is known, will test the sugges- tions laid before it. In view of the fact that there is now no participation { by the United States in any form of world association, how will the funda- mentals of such a plan be formulated in terms that differ from the sugges-. tions already advanced, and in part put into execution? Will somebody be eble to frame a scheme for a league of nations or a world court with an as- sured participation by the United States? Doubtless the first, and perhaps the fullest, effect of this liberal offer will be to start a good deal of talking and writing on the subject of international peace and the American influence in preserving it. But American public sentiment is not to be swung and formed by the possibility that some- body or some group will earn $50,000 or $100,000. Public sentiment is the combined majority opinion of the peo- ple, of whom there are 110,000,000 In all likelihood those who will seek this vich prize have already been thinking along the lines of Mr. Bok's desire, whose opinion is already formed. ——t——— Reference by President Harding to the obligation of both capital and labor to the great public interest must im- press the ultimate consumer as an ef- fort to develop a new angle in an old controversy. —_———— The American farmer is represented as preferring to have wheat prices fixed in Chicago, instead of Liverpool. This is @ compliment which entitles the Chicago Board of Trade to take off its hat. ———— When a charming motion picture star is reported missing there is very little popular apprehension that the press agent will not soon find her. Lagging in Aviation. Official figures have been made pub- lic relativé to the personnel and equip- ment of the Army and Navy aviation services of the five leading powers, France, Great Britain, the United States, Italy and Japan. They show this country occupying a middle posi- tion, and France leading, with Japan at the end of the line in both respects. France has a personnel of 33,500, Great Britain 31,000, United States 16,500, Italy 6,500, Japan 3,100. Of serviceable planes France has 1,250, Great Britain and the United States 600 each and Italy and Japan 250 each. In point of both personnel and planes the United States should be in the lead. Considering the extent of its seacoasts and of its interior terrain, this country requires as a potential defense force & larger aviation estab- lishment then any other. As the birth- place of the heavier-than-air machine it should have led in aviation from the beginning. The great war, however, gave the European countries a stimu- lus and e start, ecarrying them ahead. But during the war a spurt ‘wae made in this country in plane is i sonnel that for a time promlsed to bring the United States to the front in this respect. Then everything slumped. Despite intense activity while the war was on, and the expendi- ture of an enormous amount of money, the net result in actual equipment was disappointingly small. Doubtless there are many men now scattered through various lines of business occupation who are competent for aviation work. Some of them are actually fiying in the mail and commercial services. But there is no provision for them in the military and naval air forces even as reserves. Inasmuch as in the judgment of all experts the airplane will play a much greater part in the next war—if one is fought, and of that there can be little doubt, despite all efforts at world peace —than it did in even the last one, it is 1dle and foolish for this country to de- pend upon a quick organization and production to prepare for it. We thought we could make airplanes so fast that we would “blacken the sky" of Europe with American flyers when we did go into the war in 1917. But the melancholy fact remained that our fiyers over there, well trained and skilled as they were, had to use for- eign-built machines. And so far from blackening the sky, notwithstanding the immense sums spent over here in training fyers, our contributions to the aviation forces of the allies were piti- fully small in numbers. If the lessons of the great war are learned the United States will go at this matter of aviation equipment and personnel training on a much larger scale than has been adopted since the armistice. If the lessons are ignored this country will continue to lag, with an equipment and an air force wholly disproportionate to its size and its need in case of war. ————— Americans in the Making. That was a graphic pen picture drawn by the Associated Press of the scramble of 6,000 immigrants into the land of promise on the 1st of July; of the big steamers in leash off the har- | bor of New York waiting for the hour to usher in the new month with its quota; of the cheering crowds of rela- tives awaiting them; of the eagerness to be first ashore, and all that sort of thing. Coming from all parts of dis- tressful Europe, leaving woe and ter- ror and hardship behind, what must but most of them in all | is the | { their feeling have been to realice. that {at last they were in America with un- bounded possibilities before them! Some of them will stay in New York and add to already congested conditions there, while they join in the pursuit of the American dollar; others will follow the admonition to “Go west, young man,” and settle on farm or in factory; there are sturdy laborers among them to furnish brawn in in- { dustry and building: several scores of women were described as seeking hus- bands and homes. lum(v they are intent upon their own personal affairs, concentrating upon | the immediate task in hand of making | a living and getting a start. Soon their attention must be brought {to another phase of existence—their responsibility to the nation they ha | adopted. They must be made to realize | that life in the new land is not @ one- | sided proposition, with all the benefits lon their own side. They must be shown that they owe certain obliga- tions of loyalty to the institutions of ithe land, the laws which govern ail the citizens, and that loyalty to and support of the government is not only | expected, but required of them. Fortunately there are organizations which teach and foster ideals to the prospective new Americans, for, while some will no doubt be intent upon “making their pile” and returning to the fatherland, it is safe to assume that the majority will become natural- ized and assume citizenship. Let the work of Americanization start at once and never slacken. Give the immi- grants the glad hand of welcome, but fail not to warn them of what the country demands of them in loyalty and service. The antialcohol movement is so strong that it has not vet called upon the army of the old war horses of the prohibition party to come forward and systematize a political campaign. A number of people who still do not understand “relativity” are hoping that as soon as Col. Bryan has fin- ished with Darwinism he will tackle Einstein. The example of Germany in Ruhr eituation has not persuaded France to attempt any serious experi- ments with passive aggression. Thousands of Russians are awaiting admittance to the United States. So- vietism has not made them so happy that they do not want to leave home. Sewers. The sum of $2,000,000 will be asked by the sewer department of the Dis- trict for the next fiscal year for ex- tending the sewer system. It is the largest sum ever asked by that de- partment for a single year, and is con- siderably more than twice the amount available In the ¢urrent fiscal year, but it is believed that conditions re- quire the substantial increase. It is pointed out that the extension of sewers has not kept pace with the growth of the city during several yvears, and that the sewer system is already far short of the District's needs. New areas are being built up and settled on, and these are calling for the extension of sewers and water mains, and the money available for use by the sewer department in the current fiscal year is far short of the amount that should be spent to keep step with the need for sewers. The appropriation asked for sewer construction during the present year was $1,500,000, and the sum allotted was $850,000. A recent storm on the southerly side of the Eastern branch showed that sewers in a large section ‘were not able to carry off the unusual rainfall, and floods caused loss of life, wide destruction of private property and extensive damage to roads, streets and bridges. The appropriation for running sewer pipes from trunk sewers to new dwellings is insufficient to meet demands, though a part of this cost is borne by the property helder for whose partioular benefit the con- Naturally, at this | 1 | i 1 the | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JULY 2, 1923. ' CAPITAL KEYNOTES nection is made. Sewers for prevent- ing pollution of Rock creek and the Anacostia and Potomac rivers, and which drain minor sewers over large areas of the District, are building, and the continwance of this highly impor- tant work calls for a large sum of money. The sewer department has the facts and figures which justify it in asking for $2,000,000 under the estimates of the District for the next fiscal year, and it is the hope of all citizens that the work of the department will be kept in_line withy the remarkable ex- pansion of the city. Safe and Sane Fourth. The superintendent of police has is- sued an order that his men shall exer- cise the utmost wdgilance in enforcing those regulations which make for a safe and sane Fourth of July. A safe and sane Fourth, ought also to mean a reasonably quiet Fourth. The police are reminded by Maj. Sullivan that there is a regulajion which requires a permit to store, sell or set off fire- works, and that 4 permit to do any one of these things moust be obtained from the District Commissioners. Already there are some evidences of lawless- ness and danger. The sound of fire- crackers and cannon crackers may be heard, and a multitude of children have turned outwith toy pistols using paper caps. It may be that these are safer than the toy pistols of several years ago, which caused many wounds and to which many deaths were at- tributed, but it is reasonable that parents should inform themselves well on this subject before allowing their children to have smuch playthings. Long strides have been’ made in late years toward safety and sanity in ob- serving the Fourth, but it will not do to relax in efforts to keep down dan- gerous practices. The police will do all that is humanly possible to enforce regllations, but there will be many violations. The police force is small and the town is large, and notwith- standing the progress which civiliza- tion and enlightenment have made there are still large numbers of people who think it clewer to break those regulations which have been adopted for the safety and comfort of all peo- ple. ———— Having provided for a safe and sane Fourth of July, lovers of quietude are now seeing whether what they regard as patriotic pyrotechnics cannot be more closely regulated in the school histories. ———— Government loans to nrugglm; newspapers will surprise old-time Ger- man editors who were sometimes puz- zled about where to get the money to pay lese majeste fines. ——— Pennsylvania has progressed so im- { portantly that Gifford Pinchot's reor- ganization of the government goes far beyend .a set of forestry regulations for. n's woods." ——————— | The republican party is true to tradi I tion. The determination to beat the high cost of living is an echo of the old slogan about “the full dinner pail. —_———— Dr. Meiklejohn and Amherst have at least recognized actual obligation to the extent of making each other fa- xl"N)u. ————— 1t is going rather strong to intimate that the Constitution of this republic is to be endangered by a metropolitan thirst. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. When .\rlntmtlun Ceases. Bill Bings declares he's ready To fight with Tommy Tuff. And Tom in language steady Asserts that Bill's a bluff. Sometimes their words are solemn, Sometimes they win a laugh, They're fighting by the column And by the paragraph. Though many a thoughtful nation Begs warriors to desist, There is no arbitration For the busy pugilist. Sympathetic Soul. “What made you break into tears when you said your money or your life to that feller?” asked Bill the Burg. “His melancholy reply,” answered the hold-up man. “He says, ‘Friend, T ain’t got no money an’ my life ain't worth livin'."" In the Restaurant, “You can always tell the difference between a buyer and e salesman,” said the check girl. “The buyer al. ‘ways wants to talk about merchandise, and the salesman wants to tell him about the best musical show.” ol ‘With petroleum comes prediction Of a flerce financial game. Oil affords relief from fricti-n. Oil wells do not work the same. Demands. “Germany should not be asked to pay more money than she has.” “I don’t see why not. My landlord doesn't hesitate. Strategy Suspected. “I have been requested to run for President.” “There is a remarkable demand for me,” replied Mr. Dustin Stax. “But I am not surprised. Some of my com. petitors would doubtless be glad to see me devoting less time to my regular business.” Jud Tunkins says a good business man never plans a day's pleasure be- fore he opens his morning mall. Agricultural Dirge. Make hay while the sun shines, the sage paused to say. The farmer looked down in the mouth, And inquired, where's the outlook fur me or fur hay ‘When there’s nothin' all summer but drought. “Don’t look 2 gift hoss in de mouth,” said Uncle Eben; “and also don't linger in de street lookin’ a flivver in de radiator.” When the martyred President Mc- Kinley lay dying. at Buffalo, he gazed out of the window of his room and watched the swaying follage of the trees. “Aren't they beautiful!” were almost his last words. There is no architecture more won- derful than a healthy tree. Its foyndations lay hold upon the eternal rocks, and through its ramifications beneath the surface of earth runs a water system that puts to shame the aqueducts of our greatest engineers. There 1is chemistry and physics. There is strength and fineness. Up from the roots rises in the most royal dignity the trunk, with its protecting malil, and high aloft sways the foliage —a universe in itself—a world in which nature revels, birds sing and squirrels play hide and seel tiny insects—beneficent to man, or preda- tory—live and move and have their | tragedies. * ok ok And what beauties come and merge from one splendor of color to another, as the seasons march in pageant ar- ray! The tracery of the leafless branches in winter is fascinating lacework. Can the laces of Brussels match it? The daintiness of spring blossoms and leaflets! Can Jjewelry sparkle and blush so charmingly? The fullness of July and August foliage! That symbolizes the abundance of aven and shows the industry of el Chemistry has. in the foliage, the task of converting elements into seed, and the struggle for the sur- vival of the fittest even there begins, as the life germs fight for their full development, and crowd each other in emulation for the high honors of per- fection and maturity, that they may carry forward the race from genera- tion to generation. The fittest survive. The whole story of evolution is retold yearly in the seed struggle within the trees. e Trees are great orchestras. harbor birds whose cheery, sweet notes are like purity itself. Sorry I am for Washingtonians who have to live where there are no groves of trees—only hot brick walls. How can birds sing against hot brick walls? They don’t, though they would like to cheer the poor victims of the hot brick walls, even as they tune the merry notes of their morning con- certs in the trees all about us more lucky mortal: At 4:30 o'clock in hear a single chirp. fot the bird orchestra, tapping his baton to catch the attention of canaries, robins, catbirds, song spar- rows, redbirds—all assembled in the trees, with perhaps twenty other kinds of birds. There i3 a crow—old crow—who always caws four ens for a distant respor three notes back, and then the whole bird orchestra begine, We have the “Grand March of Aurora” with the bird band—because of our hun- dreds of leafy trees. * k * * Washington 1s especially happy in her abundance of trees. Many of the streets, and even in the wider avenues, are grand arches of greenery, stretch- ing for many a mile, in magnificent Chumps Elysees, adorned not merely with granite at the end, but through all the way with verdant tri- umphal arches. e x . There is not in any other city so {beautiful a bit of natural scenery as is Rock Creek Park. Its principal charm lies in its pristine, untram- meled nature. There are thousands of trees which have been growing longer than any marble architecture of the city beautiful. How long will They be permitted fo show the su- periority of nature? There is & spur of the park with a deep gulley filled with splendid foliage, borne upon trees from a few inches of diameter up to nearly two feet. The gulley—this fascinating unken garden” of wonderful charm i3 threatened. There have been many pests threat- ening trees everywhere. Caterpillars, moths, scale, blight! But such pests are comparatively harmless. They {can be sprayed. They can be poisoned They the morning I 1t is the leader BY PAUL V. COLLINS MIPERL Birds help us drive the brave little —or smoked out, them away. Ah, allies! * %k ¥ % But birds are powerless against this pest which would wipe out more than an acre of forest—a great beauty #pot of a sunken garden, right here | in the center of the residence section of Washington. There is nothing so dangerous to nature as this pestifer- ous bird-defying invasion. The sunk- arden is directly in front of a Rewls bulle “row - of residences. all occupled by nature lovers. Reck Creek Park surrounds the residences on three sides, and drew these lovers of trees as a magnet draws steel. But now the tragedy! The Dest has arrived. Can it be stayed? * % % ¥ T don't know the true biological name of the pest. I have seen and heard it at work. One morning, this £pring, I was taken by surprise when a two-foot oak, close to my break- fast table, suddenly tottered, and, like & stricken hero in battle, fell. T had not noted the crunching of the pe: like a wild beaver gnawing at its base. It fell prostrate. Neighbors ¢ame running—almost weeping. The edy was beyond prevention, but L ence was In the air, * ¥ % % The sunken garden encroaches on the right of way of a much-traveled street, well paved, with a terraced sidewalk on the opposite side, and because the gulley comes within three or four feet of the paved roadway thers is no sidewalk (nor residence) on the side next to the gulley. But there is a blueprint which maps a sidewalk where now are priceless trées. To let the blueprint rule, a strip of forest eighteen feet wide, the whole length, must be sacrificed, and the sunken garden be filled in upon that whole side, elghteen feet deep. All trees In half the sunken garden would thus be killed. Other blue- print “improvements” widening a vemi-private driveway would wipe out the opposite side, and so the whole sunken garden would be “improved,” fllled up, an acre of original forest destroyed and the beauties of the gulley annihilated. That is the pest which even birds cannot fight. 1t may be called “blueprint improve- mentitis.” All neighbors, on both sides of the forest, are panic-stricken ‘What can be sprayed to kill blu print improvementitis? * % % x Optometrists in conference assem- Lled warn blue-eyed girls to relieve their eyes by frequently looking up from their work and gazing mourn- fully or invitingly at green things. They often do. Ditto brown-eyed lassies. ik won When President Harding's recom- mendation that the government should foster and support co-opera- tive purchasing organizations of con- sumers, to cut down the high cost of living, shall be more fully understood, | it is possible that it will be found to have been like Mark Twain's “death” —somewhat “exaggerated.” Who are “consumers”? Are merchants ‘‘con- sumers”? Aren't all clerks ‘“con- sumers”? Aren't the clerks in shoe stores “consumers” of dry goods and groceries and of farm products? Also, are not farmers “consumers” of manu- factures and all employes in manu- factories “consumers”’ of food and clothing? Are we not all consumers of everything we each and separately do not produce? Some of our mer- chants are asking: “When everybody joins co-operative buving societies, covering everything they do not make, who will do the actual work of distributing, and how will they be pald? “If the present mercantile system should be wholly superseded. ‘they gl vill the societies be managed by experienced, skilled merchants or by inexperfenced theorists? Limited co-operation-by both buying and sell- ing, by special communities, has proved economical. but that does not mean a wholesale substitution which would destroy all mer hnndlsinz by private enterprise.” (Copyright, 1933. by P. V. Collins.) EDITORIAL DIGEST ent's Railroad Views Provoke Animated Discussion. There is a disposition to discuss at some length the suggestion made by President Harding in his address dealing with the railroads, especlally his suggestion that mergers may prove the only remedy which will ! aisarm advocates of government own- ership and operation. Editors are not inclined to favor hasty action at this time, and suggest that further inves- tigation may be needed before any satisfactory comprehensive program can be worked out. 1t consolidations into vast regional groups is necessary. the Newark News (independent) wants to know “why do we not go about it in the most natural and simple way?" The News further suggests that, “if a road can- not make money because it is water- logged with securities, let it go into the hands of recelvers and if any other road wants to buy it let it buy it at a fair price and subject to the consent of the Interstate Com- merce Commission. That would settle it in @ straight-cut, business-like way, without political mix-ups and more weird legislation. We possibly had better stop and think a little bit before we accept regulated monopoly as an entirely satisfactory substitute for competition. Even if we no longer compete as to rates, we may com- pete as to service, and it is not en- tirely desirable to destroy all rail- Toad Incentive” However, the St. Paul Ploneer-Prest (independent re- publican) feels the President is on the right road, although he ¥does not go far enough. Somebody at some time has got to convince the mass of the people that the railroads are their servants, but they must be helped into the position to do so. The wall of prejudice and distrust— and railroading of the past is largely responsible for it—must be thrown down before the people and the serv- jce can come together. Frankness and courage can accomplish this task and we believe the President ls en- dowed with both qualities.” It Is a “strong case” that the President makes out in the view of the Utica Observer-Dispatch (independent), and “it is a good thing for the country to have these plain expositions as to where the administration stands. The entire railroad situation “di- is country broadly imto two ll’rend camp: dependent republican) argues, and it praises the President for his positive stand because “his speech is an as- surance that, when the debate upon the railroad question opens in Con- gress, the side which is opposed to government ownership and to. any process of legislative rallroad wreck- ing which leads that way, will have leader and a program. That, as- redly, is good news.” Indorsing the eral features of this position and pointing out that compulsory invest! gation of strike causes will meet with @as much opposition as will plans for compulsory consolidation, the Roch- ester Times-Union feels “Mr. Harding has.stimulated sound thinking on two very important phases of the rail- road question. ~And there is no domestic matter about which it is more important to be thinking at the present time.” In the view of the | Baltimore Sun (democratic), the first thing to be decided is whether there shall be any important legislation at the next Congress. A year ago, even six_months ago, the situation was such as to make it appear impera- tive that some radical actlon should. be taken to prevent disaster. That situation has changed sufficiently to require a re-examination of the views then held. If any aiterations of the transportation act which will unques- tionably be beneficial can be proposeéd, then, of course, they should be made. But until the specific nature of the alterations proposed is stated the question of thelr desirability cannot helpfully be debated. From this point of view President Harding's speech does not materially advance the discussion.” The situation in Congress also must be taken under consideration, in the opinfon of the Providence Journal (independent), which feels “it now remains for the country to manifest its approval of the general policy out- lined by the President in terms that will convince the radicals in Con- gress that the responsible voters of the nation, who are In the majorit: are thoroughly tired of sensele railroad baiting.” In general the President has adopted the only sug- gestion open to national approval, but the Springfield Union, in so stat- ing, points out “it is along these lines. that Congress is to be asked to act, but the process in Congress is likely to be a slow one” Arguing that merger_methods are best, the Wall Street Journal (independent) inquires, “Does President Harding realize how far the practice of merger in this country has already been carried and how much complete it might be, even now, but for the crippling regulation to which the railroads have been sub. jected fod the past fifteen years The Albany Knickerbocker Pre: (independent republican) {s inclined to feel the President was not specific enough in his suggestions’ concerning waterways transportation, and holds that if the middle west could get a clear view of this particular phase of the situation the entire problem would be well on the way to solution. Tt.is the opinion of the Plttsburgh Gazette-Times (Independent republic- an) that the President's address em- phasized the necessity of “getting the railroad facta” It feels thers are difculties in the way of mergers and holds people should, in their own interest, try to master the sub- ject so that soundly founded public opinion may aid in accomplishing the stabilization the President shows must be had.” It also must be kept in mind, as uu Mobile Reglister sees the problem, that “in the event that rallroad consolidation is accomplished the transportation problem will still be unsolved unless the waterways are allowed to play the part they should play in a co-ordination.of all trans- ortation facilities.” Incidentally the 8¢ Touis Globe-Democrat fesls Mr. Harding Increases popular alarm “by giving us, in effect. to understand that consolidation with all of its com- plications and serious a es 15 the only escspe from government owner- shin” N / v so-called co-operative so- ¢ EAST IS EAST Article No. III By Frank H. Hedges Sun Yat-sen, Ennorfln-ry Presi- dent” of China, would have sold the city park at Canton to raise funds for carrying on his government. He did not put the park up at auction a month or wo ago because a foreign friend showed how he might obtain the necessary cash by other methods. Dr. Sun stands alone among the many leaders and would-be leaders of sorely distressed China. He has shown that his strength lles not in his armies, but in his personality. Ten months ago, an exile and a ref- ugee, Dr. Sun wielded as great power as he does today, once more back in his capital of the south. Sun Yat-sen is probably the most ‘widely known Chinese, both at home and abroad. His has been a pic- turesque and colorful life. From his earliest bow before the public he has stood for an idealistic democracy, for a stage that is, alas, more advanced than the nation of China itself. He was the soul of the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty and established the republic, despite the rather minor part that he played in the initial stages of the movement. No more dramatic moment has come in all the centuries of China's history than when Sun Yat-sen stood with bared head before the tomb of the first of the Ming emperors and in- formed the spirit of that great mon- arch of the change that had taken place. The relgning family had dis- obeyed the will ~of heaven, he golemnly stated. and had misgoverned the nation. Therefore, the people had once more taken the power {nto their own hands for the welfare of China. Sun Yat-sen has called the one great mistake of his life his release of control following_ the republican victory. Because he believed it to be for the good of the people and for the sake of harmony, he stepped down from the office of provisional presi- dent to make way for Yuan Shih-kal. But Yuan did not believe as does Sun. To hjm, power meant personal gain, and he governed wisely only because it pald. Once more Sun Yat- sen resumed his long struggle for the rights of the people, a struggle still in progress. Never once has Dr. Sun wavered from his ultimate goal and he has never feared to act. He has rightly been called the only Chinese in pub- lic life willing to take a full step. Visionary he has been, unquestion- ably. When Dr. Sun announced that he was going to put $10,000,000 into circulation, he was asked: “But where are you going to get the money?” ‘Coin it was his prompt rely. It would have been practical to print it; to coln it required silver bullion which Sun did not possess. Like men the world over, Sun has lived and learned. He still visions the China of his dreams, pathetically unlike the China of reality, but the fallures and setbacks he has en- countered have brought wisdom. He is no longer merely a dreamer. Sun has learned much of the practical side of life—and of Chinese politics. He has forsaken his idea of' reunit- ing China by force. Such reunion, he now realizes, would be worthless. He has come to place a correct value on foreign aid and friendship. Dur- ing his last visit to the British crown jcolony of Hongkong he fearlessly praised the government there. By so0 doing he won a friend where once a formidable enemy. He has, most sssential of all, come to & realls zation that a democratic China does not necessarily mean a government modeled {n detall on that of this nation. Rather, it means the appli- cation of democratic principles to the customs and Institutions that China has evolved through the ages—the use of a new mortar, perhaps, but the use of the same old stones and bricks with which the now vanished emplre was builded. Sun’s strength lies in his vision, his disinterested service for his homeland. The followers of other Chinese lead- eors are loyal because through such loyalty they benefit personally; the followers of Sun Yat-sen are loyal to the ideal that is working through the personality of this particular man. It may not be that Sun’s place is as the President of a strong and re- united China, but there can be no doubt of the vital place he holds as a banner bearer, as a rallving point, for those Chimese who put country before self. In a Few Words. The prosperity and peace of the world have nothing to fear from re- publican France. The worst disgrace that could menace us is to be mis- understood. ~—PRESIDENT MILLERAND. ‘When industry employs men twelve hours a day it is committing a moral trespass and challenges the churches in their own fleld. F. E. JOHNSON. —REV. That God made all men equal is a fine-sounding phrase that has done good service in its day, but it is not a sclentific fact. —DR. A. E. WEBB-JOHNSON. i ! » In conniving at France's blind ap- peal to force we are sanctioning ex- actly what in 1914-1918 we ulterly refused to tolerate. —DEAN OF BRISTOL. ‘We must not, especially after a period of intellectual unrest, measure the decay of religion by the empti- ness of the churches. . —CANON BARNES. The league of nations is growing into a firmly set body, and we must help to breathe into it a living soul. —ARCHBISHOP OF CANTER- BURY. A closer business relationship be- tween the United States and England is vital if the sclentifically thorough German is to'be de! d in the strug- le for trade supremacy. —SIR CHARLES HIGHAM, M. P. I am against any change In the English divorce laws because I am afraid it would result in the condi- tion that exists in America, where it is merely eamouflaged polygamy and polyandry. —LORD BRAYE. A wet candidate has no more chance for the presidency than a dog with icicle legs has to catch an asbestos cat {n the regions of eternal tor- ridity. —WM. H. ANDERSON. To persuade the masses to take up arms after the terrible experience of the world war, the most effective motive and probably the only effi- clent one now is despair. PROF, HENRI LICHTEN- BERGER. ‘The war in Euro dpo is continuing because America ln Britain left the conflict before the issue was settled. That Is why France is In the Ruhr today. —ERNEST H. ABBOTT. . A benevolent dictatorship under an Italian Cromwell may be the best form of government for Italy at present, but the history of Rome shows over and over again that a dictatorship must give place to some- thing else. —ELBERT FRANCIS BALDWIN. The communists started out three years ago_to conquer the world for soclal evolution. They are now so- bering _down, and, given a couple of years, they will be as sensible as we socialists. —MORRIS HILQUIT. History seems to show that no aristocracy can long survive the de- bilitating _ effects of parasitism, Without the necessity of work man degenerate: . REINOLD NOYES. ‘The signs are ominous that peace ed upon .the ammunition »LLOYD GEORGE. } ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin Q. How much water Is used in Washington every day?—C. F. A. The amount of water con- sumed in Washington per day varles from seventy-five to ninety milllon gallons. Q. What s required to become a member of the League of American Pen Women?—A. C. H. A. The qualifications for active membership are: American citizen- ship and original work for which pay has been received as any of the fol- lowing: _Author: artoonists, com- posers of music, designers of fine arts and erafts, dramatists, editors, ex- perts in advertising, genealogists, il- luminators, illustrators, journalists. lecturers of recognized professional rank, painters, poets, publicity pro- fessionals, publishers, scenario writ- ers, sculptors, song or lyric writers Any woman who has done such work gratuitously is eligible to an associ- ate membership. Q. What is A.F. M. A. The Volta Bureau, now located at 1601 35th street northwest, is a bureau of information on all matters relating to the deaf. It has an im- portant reference llbrary originally planned as an aid in research work. It was founded and endowed in 1887 by Alexander Graham Bell “for the in- crease and diffusion of knowledze re- lating to the deaf. Q. How long do ants live?—A. L. 3. A. Male ants live but a short time in the adult state. The workers exist only a few months. The average life of a queen is not more than twelve months, although queen ants have been known to live six or seven years. | Q. Ts the head of the sphinx that of a man or a wom: A. 1t is belicved to be the ead of a woman. The body is supposed to be that of a lion, with the wings of a bird and the tail of a serpent. Q. 1Is the body of a baby entirely covered with hair before birth” the Volta Bureau?— A. Tp to the sixth month of the ante-natal sleep the body of a baby, all but the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, is covered with longish hair, the lanugo, which usu- ally disappears before birth. Q. TIs.the Mystic Skrine a Masonic order?—H. C. A. The Ancient Arabie Order of the Mystic Shrine is not a 2 organization, but in order to be eligi- ble to membership In the Shrine a qualification {s that the applicant be either a Knight Templar of the York Rite or a thirty-second degree Mason of the Scottish Rite. Q. What is the difference between uc;gdxllcohol and denatured alcohol? ! A. Methy! aleohol, known as wood alcohol, is obtained in various ways, one being by the distillation of wood. It is a dangerous pofson, causing not only intoxication but also blindness, coma and, in many cases, death Denatured alcohol is ethyl alcohol, or spirit of wine, to which wood alco- hol has been added to make it unfit for human consumption. The for- mula for legally denatured alcohol is 100 parts ethyl alcohol, not less thav, 90 per cent pure; ten parts of wood spirits; one-half part of benzine How deadly this may be depends to some degree upon the amount of wood alcohol and benzine it contains. Q. What is the noise we hear in our radio set?—A. K. A. Tt may be static or it may be that the set is put together im- properly. Static Is a natural atmo pheric interference. It is caused stray natural electrical discharges traveling through the same medium It is more prevalent by day than by night and more troublesome in sum- mer than in winter. Science is try- ing to tune it out of the way or harness it. Q. How many specics of sable are there?—D. E. Lo A. Thereare two species, one found northern Russla and Siberia and the other in Canada. The Canadian sable is also called pine marten. The Russlan sable is dark brown with grayish-yellow at the throat and small grayish-vellow spots scat- tered on the sides of the meck. The Canadian sable is a rich brown. Q. Where is the famous Gretna Green?—A. M. F. A. The original Gretna Green is a small village in Scotland, less than a mile from the border which sepa- | rates England and Scotland. 1t was famous as a marrying place for { cloping couples. There was formerly a Gretna Green in Kentucky where couples were united in matrimony in defiance of parental wishes. | in Doctor George P. Merrill. head curator of geology of the Smithsoniax Institution, says that the general be- lief that all of the marble in the face of the Washington Monument is alike, and that the difference in color is due to a variation in age, is erroneous. The marble in the first 150 feet of the Monument is a coarsely crystalline limestone, from a locality known as Texas in Baltimore county, Md. The marble in the upper portion is a crystalline dolomite, from the so- called Beaver Dam quarries. The dif- ference in color is due to the action of the weather on stones of unlike composition; the two portions w never acquire the same tone unles: both become uniformly dark from coal smoke. ! (Al persons who want questions answered must sign their full names and addresses. This is necessary so that Mr. Haskin can give the infor- mation direct. Only a few of the | answers can be priuted in The Star Name of Berthier de Wagram Borne By Daughter Duke Did Not Recognize BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. When the fourth Prince and Duke | of Wagram, one of the most gallant officers of the French army, succumb- ed in a German ambulance to the mor- tal wounds which he had received in the fighting at Conde Fort in May, | 1818, his identity was at first un- known. For he had insisted on doft- ing his titles while serving at the| tront and was known by his regi- ment of chasseurs merely as Capt. Berthier, his patronymic. It was not | until @ week after his death that his identity became known and it was generally assumed that the name Berthier de Wagram had become ex- tinct, since he had died unmarried without leaving any male relatives, leaving the bulk of his very consider- able property to his two sisters, one of them married to Prince Henr! de La Tour D'Auvergne, while the other, Daisy by name, is the wife of Prince Jacques de Broglle, of the Ducal House of that ilk. He was of royal descent on the distaff side of the house. The first Prince of Wagram was Alexandre de Berthier, whose father had been enobled by King Louis XV in 1763, He was the inost famous of all the marshals of the first Em- peror Napoleon, who created him not only Prince and Duke of Wagram in recognition of his share in the French victory of Wagram in lower Aus- tria, but also made him in 1806 Sovereign Prince of Neuchatel, now a canton of the Swiss republic. Napoleon secured for de Berthier, who was his particular favorite, a roval bride in the person of Duchess Marie of Bavaria, of that ducal branch of the reigning house of Wittelsbachs, to which the late Empress of Austria and the late Duchess of Alencon be- lonzed. So high was the opinion which Napoleon entertained of de Berthier, that in speaking afterwards at St Helena of the fateful battle jof Waterloo, he remarked: “Ah, if I had only had Berthier there”'inti- mating that with him, in lieu of Grouchy and of Marshal Ney, a brave but stupid man, he would have won the battle instead of being defeated by the Duke of Wellington. * *x k ¥ Marshal de Berthler, however, had killed himself just three days before the battle of Waterloo. His was a tragic end. On the overthrow of Napoleon in 1814, and his exile to Elba, the marshal allowed himself to be persuaded by his Bavarian wife and by her royal relatives at Munich, to abandon the cause of his emperor and to make his peace with Louis XVIII, who bestowed upon him the Nighest honors. Napoleon resented this more bitterly than any- thing else in connection with his overthrow. When he quitted Elba a year later and resumed for a hundred days the possession of his throne in Berthier, who was in Bavaria l::‘fl!‘he time, felt unable to resist the longing to rejoin his old friend and master, and sent a message to ask whether he would receive him. ‘While Napoleon gladly ‘welcomed all his former officers without reproach- ing them for their desertion of his cause, which led him to \bdicate at Fontainbleau in 1814, he sent back an intimation to Berthier that he would only consent to rvecelve him if Mo would appear beforo him arrayed in the uniform of the rank, a adorned with the insignia of the A rious orders- of knighthood bestowed upon him by King Louis XVIIL. On receiving this message at his Bavarian castle of Bamberg, Berthler was so overcome by remorse that, after re- tiring to the nursery to glve farewell embraces to his little children, he threw himself before their eyes out ol one of the windows, killing himself tantly on the rocks over 100 feet A "Thanks to the influence of the thus widowed duchess’ royal rela- tives, her husband's titles of prince d duke of Wagram were confirmed French peerages upon her boy Alexandre, a godson of Caar Alex- andre I of Russia, though. of course, there was no question of his being continued as sovereign prince of Neu chatel, & principality which wa handed over by the econgre: of Vienna to the then King of Prussia, and which now belongs to the Swiss republic. * k ¥k X Marshal Berthier's son and name- sake, the second prince and second duke of Wagram, on growing up mar- ried Zenalde Clary, nlece of Queen Desiree of Sweden, also of the consort of King Joseph Bonaparte, who lived so many years at Bordentown, N. J. Thelr son, the third duke, was the A [ father of the captain of chausseurs who fell at Conde Fort in 1918, in re- ceipt_almost to the very last of the | annuity of $50,000 which the first Napoleon had granted in the form of a perpetual pension to Marshal de Berthier by way of endowment of his dukedom of Wagram. The third duke. however, shortly before his dea | commutéd the perpetual pension for a | very large sum, and it. therefore, 1 longer figures on the “Grand Livre de | France.” The third and penultimate duke greatly added to his very large fortune by contracting a marriage with Bertha de Rothschild, daughter |and heiress of Baron William Roths- {child of Frankfort, and who. like her sister Marguerite, the second wife of the present and eleventh Duke of Grammont, became a convert to Ro- man Catholicism, these being, indeed. the only two ses of any of the Rothschilds abjuring the faith of their fathers Her son, the last and fourth Duke and Prince of Wagram. refused fo marry. But he had a mistress of the name of Marie Louise Salivas, who had previously mone by the name of Mme. Welson and “hr\ in course of time presentd him with a little girl of ‘whom he became passionately fond, and vet whom he declined to accord legal recognition just in the same way that he declined to legal- ize his relations with her mother. Nor did he ever bring them under the roof of the family mansion in the Avenue of I'Alma, but maintained a very handsome apartment for them in one of the thoroughfares looking out onto the Parc Monceau. Indeed, he showed a pronounced obstinacy in declining to recognize the child or wed the mother, in spite of all tha pressure which the latter brought to bear upon him * % ‘When after his soldier’'s death at the front his will was opened and probated it was found that he be- queathed several of his most famous art treasures, including no less than seventeen Renoirs, to the nation. The great chateau and estate of Grosbois he left to Prince Philippe de Broglie, the eldest of his nephews, while he bequeathed a legacy of $600,000 to one whom he designated in his will as “Mlle. Monique Salivas.” He did not describe her as his daughter, and entrusted his two sisters with the ex- ecution of this bequest. When the money had been paid over to the child’s mother, acting as her guar- dian and nearest relative, the woman presented & quantity of letters ad- dressed to her by the duke which clearly established not only their re- lations since 1906, but likewise the ¥act that the little girl, now ten years of age, was born of their ill gal union. “Indeed, there was one le ter addressed by the duke to the 1i tie girl commencing “Ma petite Piche- nille,” her pet name, and signed “Your dear'old Papa.” But in none of these letters is there any reference or men- tion of marriage to the mother or of legal recognition of the child. Yet on the strength of these letters, backed up by the very large legacy. the child's mother was able to secure from the courts a decree to the effec that these letters and the legac jointly constituted a legal recogni- ton of little “Pichenille,” and that in consequence thereof she was entitled to style herself in future, not any longer “Moniga Salivas,” but “Monica Berthier de Wagram,” without any title, since titles do mot descend in France or anywhere- else to childre born out of wedlock, no matter ho much their father may have recog- nized them as his offspring and as such authorized them to use his name. it * Kk %k Not content with having thus se- quired for her child the historic name of Berthier de Wagram, the child's mother then proceeded to put for- ward fresh pretensions. She insisted that since the child had been recog- nized the offspring of the duke she was entitled to a third of the resi- due of the estate in addition to the $600,000 which she had already re- celved in the form of legacy. This third _of the residue would have brought her sh: in her father’ property up to the tidy sum of $1,500, 000. Protracted litigation ensued, and it has just been brought to a with & duagment reecting the mands of Mme. Salivas (also known as Mme. Welson) in behalf of her daughter, the judges In cond>mning the plaintiff in heavy costs exprees- ing the opinion that in deciding against her, the plaintiff, they were carrying out the last wishes and ) tentions of the duke, who had b haved most generously to the little girl and who had certainly never dreamed of bestowing upon her his name or the bulk of his fortune.