Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1923, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. . .February 22, 1923 TEEODORS W. NOYES.. i Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Offce, 11th St. and Pennsylsanta Ave. New York Office: 170 Nataan 8. cago Office: Tower Bul European Office: 16 Regent St., London, Engiand. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, 1s delivered by carriers within the city s per month daily only, 43 cents por anday unly, 20 cents per montir. OF- be went by mai telcphone Main Collection fs made by carricrs at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. gglly and Sunday..1yr., $8.10: 1 mo,, 2 Sunday onl 702 50¢ ily only. 1yr., $6.00: 1 mo., 20¢ ,.1yr., $2.40; 1 mo. All Other States. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo., Daily only.........1yr., $7.00:1mo. Sunday only. .1yr., $3.00; 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press in exclusively entitled te the ‘use for republcation of all news dis- telies credited to it or not otherwise credited this paper and also the local news pud- A herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— = The Washington Ideal. Commemoration of the birth of | George Washington has become al fixed American institution, an occasion | of patriotic celebration, a day of re. spect and reverence for the man | whose services to the American people cannot even at this time be fully measured. As the time passes the wonder of Washington grows. The lengthening of the perspective in- creases, rather than diminishes, the value of his wa of the colonie: k for the redemption from British rule, and especially for their formation into a compact and substantial national or ganization. Washington the colonial pioneer, surveying the lands lving beyond the fringe of settlement along the coast; Washington the soldi fighting against the French and Indians ‘Washington the soldier again, fight- ing against the Dritish, against almost hopeless odds and the most terrible difficulties, sustaining the courage of his men, inspiring the people with determination to proceed in their un- dertaking; Washington the construc- tive statesman, presiding over the con- stitutional convention and guiding it through factional and sectional differ- ences to a conclusion that has become one of the most solid of nationall foundations the world has known; Washington the administrator, pre- siding over the executive branch of the government under that Constitu- tion for the first eight years of defi- nitely organized federal existence— such are the various Washingtons whom the people now pause to honor on this da: This great figure in our affairs stands supreme and unapproachable for variety of abilities, for breadth of vision, for singleness of purpose. S8tudy of his writings and his ad- dresses reveals a conception of the political ideal that became the in- spiration of the new republic held by few of his time, He saw the diffi- culties in the way, the sectional dif- ferences of view, the jealousies of the states, the lack of truly national con- ception. He believed in one govern- ment as a federalist, but he was unanimousiy chosen President by all the people of both lines of political | faith. And he administered the affairs of the republic as a non-partisan with- out prejudice or favor, so ably, so im- partially and with such far vision that, had he so willed, he might have been retained in office during the re-| mainder of his life. But he wisely | held to the principle of rotation and put aside the thought of a third term and advised his countrymen in an im- mortal paper to hold strictly to the principle of democracy upon which the American Union was founded. It is an inspiration thus annually to pause and study Washington, his character, his works, his words and his example. The American people are better citizens for this yearly devotion to his memory ——— Several Daugherty resignation ru- mors have been circulated, but efforts to bring them to the personal atten- tion of Mr. Daugherty have not found great success. ————— It is the present ambition of the farmer to prove that he knows as! much about politics as he does about agriculture. ———— On Foreign Service. ©One of the bills of high merit which | have been caught in the end-of:the- | session jam at the Capitol is That known as the Rogers bill for the re- organization and improvement of the foreign service of the United States. This bill has passed the House and i8 now pending in the Senate. It has the unqualified support of the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State and is pronounced by all who have at heart the interest and welfare of the diplomatic and consular services as a most practicable and effective measure for the betterment of that service ever brought before Congress. Should this bill become a law it will achieve a great advantage to the government in providing a foreign service adequate to its urgent and recognized needs, and will at the same time constitute a great relief and in- centive to the personnel of the service, providing compensation sufficient to enable our representatives to live in @ manner befitting their positions and responsibilities, making possible the advancement of any man entering the lower grades of the service to the highest positions such as under the present system are open only to men of wealth, and finally providing for ultimate retirement from the service and suitable pensions, A strong foreign service was never more essential to the welfare of the country than today. Our interests are ‘worldwide. Matters in the foreign fleld are complex and call for the service of trained men, both as diplomatists and as consular officials, men who know the field at large, who know the questions constantly rising, ‘who have the background of informa- tion and experience enabling them to deal with situations as they arise promptly and intelligently, without the delay incident $o communication for | nition withheld because of doubt as to instructions. We need men who know trade conditions at home and abroad, who are versed In the law of political and commercial relations, who are, in short, specialists in international af- fairs. Much gain has been effected over the old conditions when the consular and diplomatic services were peri- odically “purged of partisans” and re- manned. There is a much greater de- gree of permanence in the organiza- tion. But still the service lacks in the essentlals of a properly permanent force maintained on a non-political basis of the highest efficiency. One of the essentials of such a force, representing the United States in all of its interests, political and commercial, is an assurance of op- portuni That opportunity for de- velopment and advancement within the service will be given if the bill now pending in the Senate becomes a law. It offers a career for young Americans to adopt with assurance ot advancement and adequate compen- sation, retention on the basis of faithful performance and finally re- tirement upon a sustaining annuity. Despite the final congestion of the Senate calendar, thes surely some way to secure consideration of this Bill, so meritorious, so highly recom- mended, so near to final passage and certain to k greatly to the benefit of the government. we Recognition of Russia. Yesterday's debate in the Senate on i the question of the recognition of (hvl soviet government of Itussia was sim- ply a thrashing over of old straw, so there is no occasion for surprise that little was winnowed in the way of new facts. Senator Borah, in making his Gemand for forthwith recognition of the government at Moscow, advances the familiar argument that the soviet, being the only functioning govern- ment in Russia and having maintain- itself in power for a number of years, is entitled to be admitted into the council of world governments on an equal footing. Because we do not like the form of government, he con tends, is no reason why we should re- fuse to do business with it. He argues that the main concern should be as to the ability of Ru: 4 to meet her in- ed ternational obligations, and he be- lieves that Russia, with her vast nat-{ ural resources, is in position to do! this The 1daho senator is not only on sound but on undisputed ground so far as his argu-| | 1 in his argument, i trouble is that his ! { ment goes. The argument does get at the heart not go far enough to} of the matter. It is true that America does not like the form of the Moscow government, but that is not the reason American recog- nition of it is withheld. Nor is recog- { the ability of that government to meet its international obligations. We are maintaining relations of the utmost friendliness with some governments which we feel sure never will be able to fulfill their international obliga- tions. But these nations do not bi zenly proclaim that they are not bound by these obligations, that they are at libertyto repudiate them whenever it | is to their interest to do so. Would Senator Borah have dealings with a man who announced openly that his plighted word meant nothing, that he would keep faith when it was | to his advantage und break it other- wise? That is the officially proclaimed attitude of the soviet government to- ward other nations, and that is the | reason why American recognition has not been and cannot be extended. Sen- ator Borah complains that Russia has been outlawed. but the fact is that Rus- sia, through its government, has out- lawed itself. Let Russia formally r scind this announcement of interna tional policy, and let her works show that her words are sincere, and it is unlikely that American recognition of the soviet government would be long delayed. —_———————— The federal government rests se- rene in the knowledge that there can be no harsh measurcs employed by the D, C. in collecting the four and a half millions for some time due. e — Valuation of the pound sterling in- dicates that England's determination to pay her debts has had no depressing influence on her finances. ————————— i TUse of soft coal is beginning to make Washington, D. C., look like honie to a visitor from Pittsburgh, The bootlegger is the only person who has a sure system for beating the income tax. The George Washington Temple. Progress is making on the George ‘Washington Masonic Memorfal Asso- ciation Temple which is to stand on that commanding height west of Alex- andria variously called Shooters Hill and Shuters Hill. The foundation is Leing iaid and money for the impres- sive patriotic and architectural proj- ect is coming in. The current of gold, silver, currency and checks is not run- ning as strong as it might, but the association reports that during the year $300,000 in cash has come to its treasury to be expended in this most praiseworthy undertaking. All told, a million dollars has been paid in and pledges for $800,000 have been se- cured, leaving a balance of $1,200,000. Americans will not allow the con- struction of this memorial to lag for lack of funds. The site is one of the very far- sweeping or far-seeing ernences in this part of the country, presenting vistas as wide and beautiful as those to be had from the points on the Arlington ridge occupled by the old Lee mansion and the new amphithea- ter. It looks down upon the city of Alexandria and miles of villages be- tween Alexandria and Washington, and the Capital city itself forms an impressive part of the picture. From this site the eye looks up and down the great Potomac and across the hills of Maryland beyond the river. To the west wide stretches of hilly country may be seen, all dotted with historic places and laced with roads that have played their part in the story of America, among these roads being the Little River turnpike, which was one of the anclent ways between the tide- water country and the high moun- {ed | Representatives do not conform to the tains and fertile valleys of the west. If George Washington ever had a home town, after he passed the age of sixteen years, that town was A\exnn-i dria. Tt would require a book in which to find space for the enumeration of George Washington's assoclations with Alexandria. ‘The height on which the temple will rise figured in our civil war perfod and there today remain some of the parapets and ditches of Fort Ells- worth. Now that this bit of sacred soil of the Old Dominion is to become famous in a national sense, local his- torians should settle the question, if it can be settled, whether the hill is Shooters or Shuters, and there are, persong who have maintained that it should be Suters Hill. No doubt, far back in time, probably in the early colonial period, a man of such a name lived on the hill. If he owned a piece of land there the records of Fairfax or Prince William, or even of the older counties, may reveal the facts. Reclassification Blocked Again. After some days of reassurance to the effect that the reclassification bill, now in the last stage of congressional consideration, would be shaped by compromise for final passage before adjournment, has come the distressing word that the way has been blocked by failure to agree upon the terms. Conferences have been hurriedly call- at the White Housé and at the Capitol to the end of smoothing out the differences. Hope is revived that these meetings may be effective and that the bill will be passed. 1t would be 2 most lamentable mis- fortune if insistence upon a particular formula for reclassification should Llock legislation. The government would suffer pecuniarily and in effi- clency. The departmental service would suffer in morale. Several years sed since the reclassification ion reported, years that have Leen marked by maneuvers designed, it is feared, to thwart progress, per- haps to maintain things as they are, possibly to insure an eventual turning into another and quite different line of procedure. Justice to the government employves who have been sustained in spirit by the hope of action toward reclassifica- tion demands Justice to the government, whose interests are prejudiced by delay, also demands ac tion. If this bill does not pass with its accompanying appropriative pro- visions. it will he necessary to con- tinue the bonus for another year, else the government will be put in the po- sition of actually reducing the com- pensation of the already underpaid employes without any corresponding reduction in the cost of living. Putting the matter on its lowest it is in the last degree uneco- nomical to lose this chance of enact- ment, after so many months of expen- sive research and preparation, simply because the provisions recommended and already approved by the House of have enactment. tern; conception of reclas tained in other quarte ification enter- —_— Ivents are moving so rapidly in Germany that the former war partici- pants who hoped to subsist on the income from memoirs are visibly dis- appointed. _— A tenday vacation for Harry Thaw should make the Pittsburgh au- thorities especially alert as to laws against weapon-carrying. —————— Federal agents in New York have discovered that there is a great deal of counterfeiting of United States cur- rency as well as of liquor labels. —————— Several European nations fail to see how the U. A. can keep out of quarrels which they have striven so hard to make interesting. { { —_————————— Tutankhamen, could he awaken from his sleep, would find far greater surprises awaiting him than those that greeted Rip Van Winkle. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, The Romping Egoist. 1 love to hear a man orate In accents that are thunderful, And boldly undertake to state That he is simply wonderful. I love to hear him twist a fact So simple and statistical To statements that are inexact And rather egotistical. We still have genius here below, Though poets lamely tune a verse. 1 love a man who claims to show The workings of the universe, I love his condescending tone. He seems to have the best of us. He has no troubles of his own And cannot help the rest of us. Music and Food. “They didn’t pay much attention to my speech at the banquet given in my honor.” “No,” replied Senator Sorghum. “But they liked the food and the music was fine.” “Did they play ‘Hail to the Chief?' " “Maybe. But it sounded to me more like ‘Hail to the Chef.’” Jud Tunkins says work is so un- popular that a man who loves it need have no fear of jealous rivals. Musings of a Motor Cop. Until Hortense met Terence Rea I never once molested her. They fliv together every day, And that's why I arrested her, Treating. “Do you remember how reformers used to complain of the treating habit?" “Yes,” replied Uncle Bill Bottletop. “And that was in the comparatively innocent days when most of the treat- ing didn’t have to be done with boot- leg liquor.” “I has done punched many a time clock,” said Uncle Eben; “but never as hard as I'd like to,” { which WASHINGTON BY FREDERIC OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE. Owen Wister, historian and novelist, holds there is reason to belleve George Washington might have been for modification of the Volstead act in favor of light wines. The Father of His Country was powerfully fond of his Madeira and grieved as his stock evaporated. In “The Seven Ages of Washington,” Wister records that he “gives to the matter of wine the same measured, minute attention that he gives to his flelds, his horses, his rams, and all else.” Then Wister quotes a letter written in 1794, when dutles as President kept Washington absent from Mount Vernon. In it he gave explicit directions about con- serving his supply of Madeira. “In a letter from Mrs. Fanny Washington,” the President wrote, “she mentions that since T left Mount Vernon she has given out four dozen and elght bottles of wine. T am led by it to observe that it is not my Intention it should be given to every one who may incline to make a convenience of the house in traveling, or who may be induced to visit it from motives of curiosity. ® * * Theduty upon Madeira wine makes it one of the most expensive liquors that are now used, while my stock of it Is small and old wine (of which that is) i not to be had upon any term: for which reason I would rather you 1 would provide claret, or other wine on which the duty is not so high, than to use my Madeira, unless on very extraordinary occasions. * *x k % John W. Davis, who spoke at the Southern Society dinner in Washing- ton on Tuesday, and will address the conference of Amerlcan lawyers here on Friday, can seldom dodge a refer- ence to his democratic presidential boom when he is introduced. To the southerners Davis referred to it as “a hideous suggestion.” The West Vir- ginian emitted a pretty pithy cam- paign slogan in the course of a panegyric on Thomas Jefferson. He set forth the Davis political creed thusly: “Majority government and minority rights, not incompatible, but co-existent.” * k% ok Willlam Jennings Bryan, who will be sixty-three in March, is beginning to show the wear and tear of advanc- ing years in looks, though in buoy- ancy of manner and speech he still reveals the fire of youth. He says he trying to make up his mind to write his political memolrs, and is {thinking of calling them “A Child of Although his towering as- the presidency of the United States, never was within his grasp, Bryan considers that public life has been full of successes and triumphs for him. The record of he is the proudest is that by the time he left Nebraska for Florida, after twenty-five years in politics at TLincoln and Omaha, Nebraska had placed upon her statute books every law he had ever advocated. PR Fortune. piration Charles Gates Dawes, the cussing brigadier and first director of the budget, shortly will join Herbert Hoover and “Jim" Davis as one of the authors who adorned the Harding ad- ministration. Dawes' first venture in literature is about to leave the press —"The First Year of the Budget of the United States” Tt will be a hammer-and-tongs volume, call epades spades, and bristle with personal al- lusions. How he delighted in bring- ing high and low to book with gay abandon and presidential backing, Whenever they attempted to buck the budget, Is told in terse fashlon which marks Dawes’ conversational and 1it- erary style. Now and then in Wash- ington and beyond you'll hear talk of Dawes for President some day. He is a youngster of fifty-seven. * ok ok Senator Oscar W. Underwood of Alabama, freed from the exaotions of the minority leadership in the Sen- ate, will hie himself to Europe soon after the adjournment of Congress for a long period of rest, relaxation and recuperation. He will utilize the trip mainly for health purposes, but im- prove the opportunity to inspect Eu- ropean , conditions at close range. During the Washington armament conference statesmen of Great Brit- aln, France and Italy urged Under- wood, a member of the American del- egation, to visit the old world at his earliest opportunity, and he promised to do so. He enjoys a European rep- utation. especially as an expert on the tariff. Senator Spencer of Mis- sourl will be another congressional tourist to Europe during the long re- cess. * % kK At a club dinner in Washington one night this week an atmosphere of lugubriousness was diffused through- out an already fairly dry affair by the reading of many telegrams from members absent on account of influ- enza. At least half a dozen were re- ported to be seriously ill. Things were becoming lachrymose when wel- { come comic relief was supplied by the club wag, who interrupted the read- ing of regrets with a motion that the chairman appoint a “committee on lilies.” * % * From the United States mint at Philadelphia there shortly will be is- sued the “Monroe centennial” silver half dollar, to be coined in honor of the 100th anniversary of the “enun- ciation of the Monroe doctrine.” Three hundred thousand coins will be minted, according to a design ap- ! proved by the Secretary of the Treas- jury. Designs have not yet been sub- mitted, but call for a medallion of James Monroe. California, where the | motion picture industry will hold a | Monroe centennial exhibition, will have the distribution of the anniver- sary half dollars, the Los Angeles clearing house having been intrusted witi the circulation. It will purchase the entire issue at par ($150,000). and, according to present plans, sell the coins, under Treasury authority, for a dollar apiece, the proceeds go- ing toward the centennial celebration. California is to bear the cost of mak- ing the necessary dies and other preparations for the Monroe coinage. (Copyright, 1928.) EDITORIAL DIGEST Immigration Bill Develops Diver- sion of Views. The new immigration bill prepared by the House committee on immigra- tion does not seem entirely to meet the views of the editors of the coun- try. Opinion is sharply divided and while there is a disposition to com- mend the committee for its painstak- ing endeavor to solve a very diffi- cult problem, there also is relief expressed in many quarters that the | bill has no chance of becoming law before the present session of Congress expires by constitutional limitation. “The right type of aliens, men and women,” the Dayton News points out, “who are willing to become real Americans in every sense of the word, are always needed here and it will be a great mistake to do anything that jeopardizes our eco- nomic stabilization.” There is also “abundant room for argument’ in the proposal, the Detroit News as- serts, as “there is no concealment l?f the fact that thfe House committee’s aim was to_encourage immigration from the British Isles, Germany, Seandinavian countries, Poland and the Netherlands. It is certain that racial organizations will make & strong fight against the new Dbill. he bill must be publicly and care- fully examined. the New Orleans Plcayune feels, “in view of the warn- ing that the measure may not be precisely what it seems. Majorities In the two houses should either make absolutely sure that the measure is perfectly innocent of ‘snakes’ and Hokers, or they should carry it over as unfinished business. Viewed at this distance the latter course seems the wiser and safer of the two.” The reduction_in the quotas is approved by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, which in addition “believes that a discontinuance of al- immigration together for a period of years would | be advisable” Very much the same position is taken by the Lansing State Journal, which suggests “this country does not desire many more fmmi- grants. We have about as many peo- ple now as we can comfortably ‘handl “Perhaps the best feature of the bill,” the Rochester Times-Union holds, “is that providing each fmmi- grant shall be the bearer of a cer- tificate issued by an American con- sul In the country where the immi- grant belongs. It is high time to stop dumping immigrants at Ellis Island.” Such action, the Utica Ob- server-Dispatch argues, also would remedy conditions “In’ communities where large foreign groups of im- perfectly assimilated people combine to wield formidable political influence and seriously interfere with the con- tinuation of those principles which have made our country the one in all the world best worth living in.” Re- gardless of the details of the measure, the Milwaukee Sentinel holds that “its principles is an indication of the temper of the American people. It makes the American nationality and the success of the melting pot the paramount consideration to which all others must yield. National unity in fact and not merely in name just now is nearest to the heart of the American people.” This argument, however. is disputed by the Chicago | Post. which characterizes the bill as ja “shell game.” The trouble is there are too many loopholes. The quota is cut down, but the cumulative effect will probably be far in excess of the number of ~ immigrants admissible under the present law. If the de- mands of industry are so great as to need the revival of our reputation as a polyglot boarding house, why not be frank about it> Why not drop the subterfuge contalned in the pro- posed bill and fight it out along clean-cut and more open lines? “On the surface,” says the Cin- cinnati Times-Star, “the proposed measure would seem more restrictive than the old. In practice this prob- ably would not .prove to be the case. The proposal to admit the families and close relatives of foreign-born citizens and the families of those who intend to become citizens is danger- ous, in that nobody knows just how it would work. = Undoubtedly, it would offer a great opportunity for perjury and fraud.” Insisting that the bill cannot pass at this time, the Syracuse Herald holds that “it would apply the tape measure of regulation with a vengeance,” and it “may easily bring about a net annual loss in the balancing of influx against out- go.” There is a large “labor joker"” in the measure, the Sioux City Jour- nal insists, in the provision “for the admission without reference to quotas of an immigrant who is a skilled laborer, if labor of a like kind unem- ployed cannot be found in this coun- try. The persons interestad would be. of course, those representing the industrialists now already determined to import large numbers of work- ers, if permitted under the law to do so. This feature of the bill damns itself, and Congress should not pass the measure until the joker is ex- cluded.” The Boston Transcript would have “such restrictions as are practiced based upon occupational standards, rather than upon racial prohibitions, and also upon a thorough examination of all intended emigrants in the coun- try of their origin.” If this were done, the Waterman Standard holds, “It would give a better class of im- migrants and would be worth _the cost. A saving would result. New York state, for instance, in the last three years has paid out $13,000,000 for the care of alien insane.” And, ino matter what else is included, “some protection for the working- man of America” must be afforded in any such law, as the Little Rock Democrat sees it. l ECHOES FROM CAPITOL HILL BELIEVES IN LARGE NAVY. 1 believe in a large Navy and a powerful Navy. Why? Because I can- not blind my eyes to the facts of history. Much as I hope and pray for the millennium, I cannot believe that we are near the day when we can hope that nations will cease to at- 'k each other.—Representative O'Connor, Louisiana, democrat. NO NECESSITY FOR LOSING INTELLIGENCE. Even where the word “liquo: used it seems to me there is no neces- sity of losing our intelligence.—Rep- resentative Garrett, Tennessee, demo- cra THE INDEBTEDNESS OF THE UNITED STATES TO BRITAIN. It is mv purpose to vote for this ad- justment of Great Britain's indebted- ness to the United States, primarily because I am one of those who_think that the indebtedness of the United States to Great Britain is quite as great as Great Britain’s indebtedness to the United States.—Senator Glass, Virginia, democrat. AN ENDLESS CHAIN. If we demand of England the last nny, will not England demand of ‘rance the last penny, and will not France demand of Germany the last penny? How is any economic recon- struction of Europe possible under aeh a theory?—Senator Lenroot, isconsin, republican. 10UR FOREIGN SERVICE NOW DIVIDED. The present foreign service of the United States is not a single foreign service. It is a dual service with the two sides of the system just as dis- tinct as if they were in separate water-tight compartments. On the side we find the diplomatic service of the United States; on the other side, separate from the diplomatic service by battlements and a moat, we find the consular service.—Repre- sentative Rogers, Massachusetts, re- publican. YET THE COURTS DO. ‘The Constitution of the United States does not give to any court— district court, circuit court, or Supreme Court—the right to pass upon ang declare unconstitutional the acts of the smoverelgn assembly of this natlon.—Senator Owen, Oklahoma, democrat. z ‘WHERE DOES THE PUBLIC COME IN? But does it not appear that the question of the sacredness of con- tracts is always raised on the side ot the _publlo utilities?—Senator Couzens, Michigan, republican. { mantua maker. 6 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1923. The North Window BY LEILA MECHLI It is sald that a short time 2g0 a little girl of ten years of age was taken to the White House to- sce the President. When the introduction was made, greatly to the surprise of her grandparent who accompanied her, and others present, she looked up and said: “When I am grown I want to be an artist so that I can paint your pictur It was a desire to paint the portrait of the first Presi- dent of the United States Wwhich brought Gilbert Stuart back to America from London, where he had studied under Benjamin West and had established for himself a place among the great painters of England of that day. Washington gave Gil- bert Stuart a certain number of sit- tings and of these he made excellent use, copying and recopying his original study, and hawding down to us through a series of slightly varied transcriptions what has come to be recognized as a true likeness of this first great American—the Father of our Country, whose birthday is today being celelrated throughout the land. There i slight varlation in the uart p 8. The Athenaeum portrait. 1 is unfinished and is owned by tic Boston Museum of Fine Arts, shows the face turned slightly to the right and is the one most familiar, the one commonly accepted as the type of Washington, and copied more or less closely for the govern- ment postage stamps, bank notes, etc. It was from this portrait that Stuart made most of his copies, and it is known that he never parted from the original during his lifetime. = Yet many are inclined to feel that it is not so true a likeness of the great man as_the Gibbs-Channing portrait in the Metropolitan Museum painted a year earlier. or the portrait now in the Frick collection, both of which show the head turned in the opposite direction. These portraits have more individuality and are more vital than the more familiar “Athenaeum’ por- trait. ‘The portrait in the Frick col- lection came to light about four years ago after having been lost sight of for approximately 125 years. Al this while it was supposedly l;x Eng- t land or Scotland, but when was painted or how it was sent abroad. to whom it was sent, where it had spent all these years, no one Yet knows. Its appearance in this ountry and the price it brought, 75,000, created no little sensation in the art world. * % ok * In the days of Washington there was no photography, and if the ap- pearance of a person was to be pre- served for succeeding generations it had to be through the medium of the art of the painter or sculptor. Pos- sibly for this reason the painted por- trait had a little larger place in the public esteem then than now, and perhaps the very fact that it was called forth as a requirement put the artists on their mettle, with the result that the general output see to have been betted then than now. Certainly we have every reason to be proud of the works of a number of our early American portrait paint- ers, men who with comparatively short apprenticeships produced por- traits which are not only convinc- ing, but are to be regarded as works of art of a high order of excellence. Take, for example, certain portraits in the Corcoran Gallery of Art—the portrait_of Benjamin ~Franklin by Joseph Wright; Naegel's portrait ot Col. Richard M. Johnson, Malbone" beautifully painted self-portrait; Chester Harding’s portrait of John Randolph—even Charles Loring El- licott’s portraits of Col. McKenney and Willlam Cullen Bryant, all of which are definite presentations of living personalities, paintings which are works of art and bear compar- ison with the best, and portraits which give, for historical purposes, intimate knowledge of the characters of the individuals who are por- trayed. * x ¥ x It is possible—and many do mot know it—for a painted portrait to be a good likeness and to be well painted—in other words, to simulate the original—and yet to possess al- most no value as a work of art Many of the official portraits of the past and of the present time fall within this category. They are well drawn, well modeled, recognizable likenesses, but they have not one little atom of art manifested in their creation. The portrait which is a work of art is an interpretation. It not only re- produces the features of the indl- vidual portrayed, but it indicates his or her character and personality. There is thought back of the eyes, there is vitality; the features are not frozen, but mobile. Gilbert Stuart once said that he copied the works of God, leaving clothes to the tailor and In other words, it was his desire to set forth in his por- traits the dignity, the individuality, the spiritual quality of the persons painted. It is this quality in_the ortraits by the great masters of art all ages which has given them and which gives them still supreme inter- est and importance. If it were pos- sible to take out of their frames the portraits painted by Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Velasquez, Rembrandt, Rubens and Van Dyck and substitute the individuals they would not be of the interest to the passer-by that the painted portraits of these people are. And why? Because the portraits are interpretations made by man for man with the utmost artistic skill and in- tuition. A face is of little interest if it is expressionless. It is for the artist not only to choose the expres- sion which is most significant when he paints a portrait, but oftentimes to combine several expressions in such wise that they typify the char- acter of the individual. It is this which no photograph can do, and it is this which makes the painted por- trait by a great artist of supreme value. * k % ¥ Cecilia Beaux, who is one of the foremost portrait painters of this day, not only in America, but in the west- ern world, said once that she only painted what she saw; but she has the ability to see correctly and to present her subject most artistically. She is represented at the present time in the Pennsylvania Academy's cur- rent exhibition by a portrait of her nephew’s wife and little child—a large canvas of monumental dignity and beauty. The likeness is convincing, but more than this, the figure is well posed, the composition charming in design, the color scheme most: lovely. Not one false note is struck, accent 8s laid just in the right place, the fig- ure is enveloped in atmosphere, the presentation is strong but reticent— the whole picture is as a musical com- position in which every element is brought together in harmony and with unity. In the Ralph Cross Johnson collec- tion, given to the National Gallery of Art and now housed in the Na- tional Museum, is a portrait by Rae- burn of an elderly man—Archibald Skirving, himself an artist, painted more than one hundred vears &go, but to be reckoned with the greatest portraits of which the world today has knowledge. It is the face of a beautiful old man—thoughtful and thought-provoking, a genuine person- ality, and so beautifully transcribed that’ its mere manner of transcrip- tion gives delight—a portrait which draws one and holds one through its sheer artistic merit. In this same col- lection, moreover, are portraits scarcely less significant _and artistic. ally noteworthy of a Dutch burgo- master, by Nicholas Maes; of an Eng- lish lady, by Willlam Hogarth; of a Venetian' senator, by Lorenzo Lott of an English noble, Lord Abercorn, by Sir Thomas Lawrence; no one of which but tells its story of person- ality, and as a human document car- ries conviction. Such portraits may be taken as a measure of worth, but beside them alas, the majority of the so-called official portraits fade into insignificance. ‘When is an American not an Amer- 1can? When he has had the mis- fortune to have been born a forelgn- er, been naturalized as an American, and then wanders within the Jjuri diction of his native country—pro- vided that that country has made no treaty with America to recognize our naturalization laws. ngland fought the war of 1812 with us over the question of recog- nizing our American naturalization laws and now does so recognize them. England will never attempt to selze a natyralizel American citizen, to {mpress him into her navy or army, but France will do so, if she finde upon French territory a naturalized Frenchman who has mnot done his military service for France. So will Ttaly, Greece, Austria and Spain if the . victim ventures within their jurisdiction. Such cases are very familiar to our State Department. But now comes a case which seems to emphasize especlally our weak- ness in protecting our naturalized American citizens. Rodolph F. de Tolna claims to have become a naturalized American many vears ago, but that his papers were destroyed in the San Francisco fire. During the world war the French seized a chateau in Switzerland and a yacht belonging to de Tolna, charg- ing that he was an Austrian. Just how French invaded Switzerland to seize even an Austrian’s chateav de- ponent saith not: but that is not an essential part of the story. At the instigation of France, it appears that the United States government is seek- ing to annul de Tolna's American citizenship—a most amazing under- taking. The wonder is that America does not bring diplomatic pressure to bear to secure world-wide recognition that “once an American, by birth or by naturalization, always an Amer- ican,” entitled to full American rights of protection. Why should an Amer- ican court try a claim to cancel American citizenship against the will of a law-abiding citizen? 3 * Kk * X We honor the soldiers who face battle without flinching. Who ac- claims the personal bravery of officers of the law who undertake to enforce the lawe against liquor? According to reports of the Internal revenue bureau, 95 per cent of the law- enforcement officers either become lawbreakers themselves or are killed within the first six months of their service, It takes a far braver man to go out alone or with just a few heroes to arrest a lot of moonshiners, all of whom are armed and desperate. than it does to march with a regiment into battle. The statement that many such officers succumb to temptation and make easy terms with the lawbreak- ers only emphasizes the heroism of the men who are big enough, brave enough and true enough to stand by their oaths of office and defy the desperadoes of the illicit still. When we have a casualty list of 95 per cent of an_army in battle we call it a massacre—we erect monuments to heroism for both the victims and the survivors. All honor to the heroes of the hootch campaign! The fury of the fight calls for reinforcements. Bring up the re- serves where most needed. That is what reserves are for. Respect for law enforcement, whether we want the law to be repealed or made more stringent—law enforcement while it is law—that sentiment constitutes our ‘reserves”’ Public sentiment must recognize the genuine heroes upon’ the firing line. That sort of backing makes them doubly strong to do their duty. The time for sneering at law has gone by. It just is not done any more in decent soclety. * k ¥ X For many months Congress has| struggled with the problem of regu-| lating child labor. ~The Supreme) Court has ruled that Congress has| no power under the present cons tutional nrovisions to legislate upon the subject, for it is not onme of in- terstate commerce, although the prod- ucts of child labor in factories enter immediately into interstate traffic, Constitutional amendments were offer- ed some months ago by Senators Hi- ram Johnson, McKinley and McCor- mick. That of Senator McCormick was selected by a subcommittee for investigation and “hearings,” but month after month goes by with no report. What is the compelling in- fluence that holds up this refopm? A million children under fifteen years ot age are working steadily in factories; another million are employed part| jstunted in body and mind. CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS. time. Profits due to this ex of children are accruing 9ay be ey to heartless employers. Their com- petitors, whether in their own states or in other states, are obliged to adopt similar sacrifice of childhood or cease competition. Theso children are growing up They can never be as useful oitizens in their maturity—if they survive to ma- turity—as they should be with proper schooling and normal childhood. The nation owes them protection. It can give it only through & constitutional amendment. Unless this ' proposed amondment comes to u vote befors March 4 and gets two-thirds of the Votes cast in both branches it cannot be submitted to state ratification for another year. ~America needs those two million children now being sacri- flced to the voracious maw of mam- mon. * ok ok K Representative Linthicum is quoted as saying that when we came to set- tle our war debt with France, after the revolution, France said: “Pay me the principal and I will forgive you the interest,” and that we settled on those terms. If that is accurate, the next question which arises is as to how long we delayed the settlement. It we waited sixty-two years, the in- terest which was canceled amounted to many times the original loan. Com- pound interest bounds up with sur- prising asllity. Senator Caraway, in debating the British settlement, de- clared that some Insurance actuary had computed what our loan plus compound interest would amount to in sixty-two years, on the terms of the original bargain, and it excecded twenty-seven billlon dollars. The principal is less than $4,666,000. “Give me the luxurles of life and 1 will dispense with the necessities.” 17 our debtors will only pay us the go Ing rate of interest and compound it sixty-two years, we can well afford to forget the 'principal. These re marks ~are all mathematical, not spiritual. * Xk k Xk Tt seems probable that the republ can whip of the House, Representa- tive Knutson of Minnesota, did not expect the lash to be applied to his own back when he snapped the cracker over the French for invading the Ruhr. His appeal for sympathy for the Germans, on the ground that they were invaded when they were unarmed, brought instant replies from A. E. F. members who had heard the Hun cry “Kamerad!” before Mr. Knut- son attempted to echo the cry. His attitude was most vigorously repu- diated by members of both parties in the House. The war may be over, but its afterclaps are not. * ¥ kK The chairman of the department of fine arts of the Federation of Women's Clubs, Mrs. Rose V. S. Berry, protests against taxes and tariffs on the fine arts. She wants all imported fine art relieved of its share of taxes, on the ground that the artists need the money and America needs the art specimens. Mrs. Berry overlooks the exemption from tariff tax of all works of art that are imported to be put on public ex- hibition. Hence the plea that the tax is a burden on art education falls to the ground. How much does the gen- eral public get in inspiration and edu- cation from the galleries of the rich, which are closed to public visit? Some of the wealthiest owners of art make it a feature of their lives to open their galleries to the masses. These are not taxed. The taxes which fall upon the exclusive owner, who hides art master- pieces from the publig, help protect the American art producer, just aAs any other manufacturer is “protected,” by tariffs or taxes upon competing prod- ucts. Mrs. Berry bewails the alleged nui- sance of posters which disfigure the landscape. That is a favorite bugaboo. But it is not merely the fact that these monstrosities are abroad in the land that is the real basis of legitimate pro- test. Far better protest against the atrociors designs and printing or paint- ing of the posters. Lurope. 100, has posters, but in Lurope a poster is a work of art, as may be seen in the samples on exhibition in our Congres- sional Library. Their coloring is as- tonishingly artistic and beautiful. They are true works of fine art, and when the art standard is so high as shown in the samples referred to, they are “outdoor galleries” of very great educational value and art joy. ~Ameri- can printers would do well to study the possibilities of their own art, as there- in flustrated. Nothing like them found in American posters. (Copyright, P. V. Collins, 1923 Says Mammy Statue Would Express Love To the Editor of The Star: This is no argument between my- self and the “honorary president of the National Association of Colored Women,” believe me! Iam in no way connected with the project of erect- ing a monument to the mammies of the south in the city of Washington. At the same time, being & southern woman, the daughter of a slaveholder, and the descendant of slaveholders since the early seventeenth century, 1 feel as if 1 might be permitted to make a few remarks on the subject. When as this honorary president remarks, “Colored women all over the country stand aghast at the idea, ete.” T who love a great many col- ored women, feel like saying some- thing which might at least mitigate this agony. Now, suppose this monument to our “mammies” is ever erected (there is a probability that it never will be), but suppose there should be such a memorial in the city of Washington! Let us remember that primarily it will not be a reminder “of the slave woman's anguish, of her bleeding heart, nor of her homeless condition” —but it will tell the world of the same qualities possessed by Robert E. Lee and Abraham Lincoln, which she also possessed—fidelity, mercy, self-sacrifice, love. Yes, she pos- sessed them, she who but a few generations back had been a naked savage in darkest Africa. And in passing, permit me to say that the slaveholders constituted the most effective missionary society the world ever knew. inasmuch as through their influence in compara- tively a short time hosts of heathen were not only transformed into skill- ed artisans and the most perfect do- mestic energy, but also into humble Christians. Yet I abhor slavery! Another form of anguish would 1 save my colored friends should this much discussed statue be erected. There may be instances of children being wrested from the white chil- dren's mammy, but I who know mammies very well, and the history of mammies very well, have always been struck by the fact of extra co: sideration being shown to the off- spring of the family mammy. The black mammy had quite as much home life, a8 many a white mother today who works for her living. Her cabin was always near the house unless she was a spinster or a childless widow. In the long summer weather of the southern states her white children and her colored children played together, and on winter days her own chiidren played with her foster children in the nursery. Again—nearly sixty years have elapsed since mammies could be mammies or not just as they pleased. Look at them on the streets of every southern city -and often on the streets of northern and western cities. They have chosen to nurse children even . when it was their choice to do it or mot to do it, and a little bit of anguish might be healed (even if this statue material- izes) with the fact that fidelity and love did not end with slavery, and that some of the statue is to me- moralize the blessed mammy who chose to be & mammy even when she is free. Let me soothe some of the possible agony with the information that many a slave was legally mar- ried; one of the unique customs was a marriage of color in the stately drawing room of the family man- sion. Although there wa sin a-plenty, for which I now mourn. yet mammies of today (and thank heaven they are not vyet extinct) would blitterly resent the idea that their foremother's wedding ceremony was jumping over a broomstick. Old colored women were selected to 100k after the children of women who were at work, and the children had much better "attention than many of the colored children whose moth- ers are at work today. Anguish is anguish, no matter what guise it assumes, and one who has known anguish must be keen to re- lieve the anguish of others: so, should there ever be a statue in Washington to the mammies, let those who are suffering at the very prospect re- member that the statue proclaims to the world a unique tenderness and love! Remember the Greek slave? And although the memorial to m mies.will of course carry a dlffe significance, yet perhaps it will b beautiful and so eloquent of the iove 1y attributes of humanity that there will not be one colored person who would dare to pray “that on some stormy night the lightning will strike it and the heavenly elements send it crashing to the ground.” In the city of Richmond there is a mammy who, now in her declining years, refused to spend her last days with her near relatives, preferring to continue in the comfortable home where she had been a “mammy” for many years. She has generously glven as much as she has received. In the city of Washington there is another “mammy.” educated, trained, efficient, the friend of white, the friend and counselor of the colored, Wwho doesn’t see any reason why she shouldn’t have a monument if the white folks want her to have one. conversation with either of these in- telligent and faithful mammies might soothe some of the anguish of the writer referred to above. SALLY N. ON R