Evening Star Newspaper, December 17, 1922, Page 51

3 £ credited in best informed circles, in- am prepared.” he said, “to reconsider the ques- # loaf. asmuch as any such subterfuge would tion of cancellation of debts, if such cancel- To Ensland. Belgium and Italy |lead to the bitterest resentment in lation would insure a settlement satisfactory there was but one course to pursue, | England and possibly Bonar Law's the British government.” He added, how- Hae ahd T e o peincare | downfall. In other words. Poincare ever, that there could be no thought of can- . 5 n Bonar La n through threat of Rubr customs con- cellation of the debts owing Britain unless of England began to consider repara- | trol. which the English have at all the reparations settlement should be definite tions and their enforcement along “)r:@: ‘fk'fl"d.l{un-p:‘l umfm::] ‘l—:w\ to} and final. He sketched, in rough outline, his : Sy concrete. consideration of debt can- idea of a settlement. It should include =« weneral lines e came a_ deadlock. | (o1 « weneral lines there came 4 hiion of | cellation or some other guarantees moratorium long enough to give . rocks ahead within the conference|FéEarding Germany's payment. ample opportunity to straighten out her itself. the deadl has been made See Rhineland Tenure. finwnces and re-establish her oredit; it should certain by events since the premiers g , » ¥ & involve reduction of the indemnity total left London, with work un‘fiuishrd. _m“ foioese nim Ramed 1 h forty billion gold marks or le it should o, T e it "would be | Wake of the Paris peace conference not involve military action by France. renewed in Paris early anuary | and have watched French statesmen “mm‘aw ;\'u; deliwhtedhwnh the statement or before the time Gery fulfill- | in vario i et LB 2 regarding the debts, but he was not prepared | ment of repurations terms is requir- us conferences in Europe definitely to renounce his “productive guar- b Tt ara T bcerdination of) TeBard to the German reparations antees” without discussion or before the Brit- policy should be effected I promlems even a more far-reaching ish had submitted a definite proposal. Time Little Hope of Azreement. purpose is seen in the French threat s rnd danbn e wes decided Diplomatic advices received in|that the blinding of the world's eves The German chancellor submitted to the \asBington indicate that there lajl0. constantly increasing effort ito premiers an interim proposal. They rejected § it strengthen [French control of the it as entirely inadequate. Jittle hope that agreements will be| Rhineland. Lloyd George's charge S . “reached when the allied premiers re-!that the French chauvinists have 2 sssemble. Bonar Law has enunciated | Plotted to perpetuate French influ- Great Britain.—In Lis speech to the com- s i S peoTales a8 teme vetiTomend | haaeithe I nelandi (Gpite fofLe mons ory the 14th Bonar Law declared that of the issues which today are hirtling | STRICAIY tepman duaracter and o eat Britain could not pay her debt to the finn, onomic interests offanother Alsace-Lorraine question to United States if she canceled the debts owing = certain oo ot ot be the cause of future wars. is not her from France, Italy snd Germany. To do the chamber on Friday declared there | "‘_;‘;;_" (T, ;), .}\i :"m-m::;"'m-;!l:;wl %0 would cripple her i>r generations. ex- was understanding that no matter) Propean potitical poticies i s o claimed the quidnuncs, Eonar Law reversing L R L LR O e St o] on an extremely embar: himself overnight. “Now he repudiates the LR 3 B guestion. In ihe Paris peace con { policy of the Balfour notes and anon he re- ashington hears diffesently. hatione e e manent occupation of| ammms it Butl in fact, Bonar Law aid not e cgart e o ineland | Clally. but it is known that there| reverse himself. His statement (o the other AT R G R e was jubilation in French circles when | Dremiers was quite non-committal. He did Taw ih such position that the the clause giving the French fifteen ! not repudiate the policy of the Balfour note O R s “nevir eamction)Scaratscontroliswakgiingdntediinthe | anerclyinerdid noliiconsder iiint elf bound P e s of Rullir eisureay Po8t; of Verswilies, The Premen| 1€ Te aiainot pledge himself to an oppo: e e tim of Turtlier gren—|TN% perpetual occhvation. Smel Doliey. |[He ouly amnaunced himscll o it e A A ncland is certain.|diPlomatic sgreements are mot ef-| Ppitable ‘on principle” as it were, to the idea jure along the Rbnelan akdown in| fected “in normal session. but most| Of cancellation. Addressing the commons, he Daris deliberations. s there have!casually, t the French have never | developed his position cautiously, as is hix 1o Ik T ‘e the ! thouzht of eventually giving up the wont. The Balfour note declared that Britain war. when French governments. for; nd if private expressions of; Would pay her debt to America and was » g of political expediency and toreign office attaches and consequence, constrained to demand payment S S atabone [ weli informed Frenchmen attached to from Britain's debtors. What Bonar Law said e s ot various diplomatic parleys are con- was something very different—namely. that o jcerned. There has been no flaunting unless Britain's creditors should pay. Britain Through neutral of purpose hut the desire and intent would be unable to pay the United States G alaT e ende have made themselves apparent in That seems to put it up to the United States assured many direction whether there shall be a settlement of the e e threatening to temporize | With the knowledge of this situa- ok 25t o e aim or show some mercy | tion it is but matural that Poincare The Lausanme Conference.—The reader will " THREATS MAY ACHIEVE ALL FRENCH DESIRES British Capitulations on Debts and U. S. Loan to @ermany Possible Result. Rhineland Real Goal. BY OLIVER OWEN KUH) he gave intimation to Poincare that iIf no other solution of the problem NOTHER allied conference has|could be reached England, with a ‘broken on the rocks of French|mild note of protest, would tactitly chauvinism. anction French occupation of the ARERIAES I Ruhr. Upon some uch understand- With the old world eagerly | jng may be predicated Poincare's awaiting decisions, the allied premiers assembled in London and gave eagerly begging millions a crust o Gor the whole situation niz when it comes to enforcement in case G¥rmanv defaults further unless there be far-reaching reasons Poincare cannot ns in the adjustments of instead of in |zard to the Rhineland. is well and that in_concert in case This theory is not statement that the allies will be Germany defaults. helieved to have raised fears re- arding French intentions in the Ruhr order to gain concessions in re- Bonar Law THE - SUN he Sto BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of most important news of the world the seven days ended December 16: Germany. premiers of Britain, France, Italy gium adjourned to January 2. discussion tive guarantees.” a highly important statement. bound by the Balfour note on the \ebts. DAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., ry the Week Has the for After only two days of discus- sion the conference in London between the and Bel- As a basis for Poincare submitted his old pro- gram—a two-year moratorium and “produc- Bonar Law followed with He announced that his government did not consider itself obdurate. They ‘must go. However, fearing reprisals upon the Turks in Greece, he made his own the proposal of Nansen that the Greeks in Anatolia should be exchanged against the Turks in Greece (the number of sald Greeks and Turks being about equal), with mutual indemnification. Lord Curzon’s “petition” that the Turks provide a place of retreat and concentration for the Armenians seemed to Ismet merely funny. The Ar- menians, dispersed as at present, might stay, said he, provided they eschewed intrigue and ceased to be “the object of particular sollci- tude from abroad.” (It is estimated that there are now 130,000 Armenians in Turkey, as com- pared with the upward of 1,300,000 before the great war.) But “a national home"—how ah- surd! If the western powers are so eager that the Armenians should have a national home, let some one of them provide it-—the Anatolian Armenians would ‘be free to go thither. Noting. doubtless, how “Ismet” rhymes with “kismet,” Lord Curzon at lust ceased to plead against expatriation of the Anatolian Greeks and for a national home for the Ar- menians. But on one point (the most important of all. 50 he sald) Curzon stood firm. Britain would never sign a treaty with the Turks that did not provide sure guarantees for the Christians allowed to remain in Turkey—to wit, the Christians of Constantinople. the Armenians and some remnants of ancient Christian sects, such as the Nestorian Christians. Turkey must allow an international commission to sit_at Constantinople, empowered investi- gate complaints from minorities. 0." said Ismet, “that would result in the exploitation of minorities for political purposes under the 1¥ing cloak of humanitarianism.” On this ix- sue Lord Curzon turned himself loose. He did what Burke said couldn’t be done. He indicted the entire Turkish nation. He.vol- leyed and thundered. He intimated that, unless Ismet should vield, the conference would break up. It was a gloomy night, that of the 13th, and gloom set upon the mar- moreal brow of Lord Curzon the next morning when he looked to Ismet, expecting his final word He did not know his Ismet. “Gentlemen.” said Tsmet, “we have found a solution of the minorities question which must rejoice the world. We hidve decided to accept a long- standing invitation. We are going to join the league of nations.”” Ismet paused a mo- ment. expecting applause. There was none only the sound of falling bodies. Like the army of Charlemagne ou news of Roland's death, the delegates (excepting the Turkish) ainted to a man. Life restored to the pros- trate bulks. Ismet continued: “As a_member of ihe league of nations, Turkey will be endowed with (hose qualities of charity, loving kind- ness and altruism which distinguish all league members, and there will be no occasion for any one to worry about our minorities.” At the conclusion of this speech Lord Curzon. M. Barrere. the Marquis Garroni and Mr. Child rushed forward and embraced Ismet, assuring him that the issue which had threatened the lution of the conference was settled. compulsory exchange of Anatolian s and Turks in Greece, however, still holds.) “It’s so jolly vour joining the league, Ismet.” said Lord Curzon, “for now we can knock off for Christmas with light hearts. And it wouldn’t be a bad idea. would it, to let the league settle the Mosul question and the straits questions? After the settlement of the DECEMBER 17, 1922—PART 2. of the contemporary incident at Tsingtao, China. Bandits threatened the city. To con- ciliate them places were found on the police force of Tsingtao for a thousand bandits. * ok k¥ Chinn.—On the 10th the Japanese formally restored to China the Kiaochau leasehold. For a considerable time bandits have surrounded Tsingtao and numbers of them have infested the city. It has been feared that on the de- parture of the Japanese troops (scheduled for the 14th) they would seize the city and make a little celestial hell of it. But it is said that the Peking government has bought them off and (here is a charming celestial touch) satis- fled their amour propre by putting a thousand of them on the Tsingtao police force. The Peking officials charge the Japanese with bad faith, saying that the latter should have dealt with the bandits before turning over—they even say that the Japanese have been in cahoot with the bangdits. The Japa- nese say that the local Chinese officials have been in cahoot with the bandits. They say that they did not take measures against the bandits (who arrived on the eve of the trans- fer) for fear that, on the departure of the Japanese troops, the bandits might make re- prisals on the Japanese civilian residents, who number about 20,000. The American destroyer Asheville is at Tsingtao, prepared to land ma- rines should the bandits threaten the lives or property of Americans. Two Japanese de- stroyers are also on hand for a like purpose. ok ok K United States of America.—Clemenceau told his Philadelphia audience that he felt he had accomplished the three main objects of his self-imposed mission to this country. As to the accomplishment of two of his objects, he entertained no doubt—he had convinced Amer- ica that France was neither milftaristic nor imperialistic: he had convinced America that France had no intention of repudiating her debt to us. And. finally, he had conceived great hope (hope, that ix, that America would resume her helpful participation in European affairs) from his conversation with President Harding and from'a passage in President Harding's address to Congress. as follows: “The four-power pact, which abolishes every probability of war on the Pacific, has brought new confidence in a maintained peace. and 1 can well belfeve it might be made a model for like assurance wherever in the world any common interests are concerned.” “Tha said Clemenceau, “gives me great comfori. 1t is something like an overture.” Evidently Clemenceau hopes that the overture will be followed by an opera. But he doubtless ix aware that, in modern practice, the overture is a3 often as not a detuched composition. The administration desiring that he should continue his work as governor general of the Philippines until the very serious_ecrisis in those islands is weathered, Gen. Wood has rexigned as provost of the University of enn- sylvania. This act is in keeping with Gen Wood's reputation as a public servant of the very first order. 3 CENTRAL AMERICAN GROUP Told || UNLIKELY TO TALK UNION Proposal Probably Lacks Unanimous Backing at This Time—Costa Rican Affair Causes Only Temporary Delay BY BEN MeKELWAY. keep their individuality after the ashion of the United S 5 HE Central American conference, | America. © The xecons o to merps the having weathered its first storm | States in & union which would stroy existing boundarics and sover aignties. The first proposal has seemed the more practicable and in keeping with the idea that the uni must develop siowl International Jealousy, however, as to the location of the capital and other xuch coni- paratively unimportant details have blocked this scheme. There also b been the argument that a binding treaty of amity and commer tween the individual states wou accomplish virtually the same th a union would bring about. So far the second proposal is concerned, the main argument against it is cited in the fact that it would take many years to bring about ntiment strong enough to destr nation —a mere squall, really, result- ing from the sudden withdrawal of the Costa Rican delegation—wlil settie down tomorrow and possibly dispose im- mediately of its most vexing problem, the union. Should the vote to dis- cuss the union be unanimous, the con- ’ference will scrap its prearranged program and concentrate on a ques- tion which has baffled the Central American republics for i hundred vears. Should there be a dissenting vote, the conference will proceed to take up what it was primarily called to consider—treaties, limitation of | 3ii S s B o ahe armament and an internataional court | last century, and that politics is 1o of justice. [dear a thing to the heart of the Cen The Costa Rican delegation’s de-|tral American to be sacrificed for 4 cision to withdraw is laid to internal | theery- politics at home and is carefully ex- Dr. Bianchi Heard From. plained as having no effect one way % or another on the Washington con- interesting ngz An development i ference. ~Senor Miguel Obregon, act- | union propoeal is & statement ing minister of foreign affairs in el RS Coces, Bioa. geanted. sn guterview,q o coel X0 Ao Oofefees roo Which appeared in a Costa Rican |Julio Bianchi. who became a politi- {rewspaper, as a reflection on thefcal exile when the government he delegates, intimating they lacked thel roprecenteq minister in Washing- confiGence of the government. The g s S S Coread Senor Ot eche, olutio atemala. Dr. Blanchi Coronado and Senor Octavio Beeche.ly jiey from Mexieo City. His iate resigna- | it seems, mmediately cabled their ions, which were accepted, Ment CaUSES No NOre COMMENt W10 5 delegats than a snowstorm in over the protest of President Acosta. | {he dele m i !A new delegation, consisting of ..n»r|::f\" “'-I d. ‘“';!u it is "”~ re ;:"; |G 1 Slores, orme sident ertheless, because it comes f1oj ozl Blone EUSOImEnERInE D Dr. Bianchi, whoe is one of the fore- and Senor Don J. Ra- who served as secre- has fof Costa Rica | fael Oreamun 1 American rge numbe £ a Centr i | most advocate union and wh ltary 1o the former delegation, X : s ibeen appointed and will represent |3f followergs uhronshoul ot Costa Rica when the conference 'e'flmnceru of the United State in be opens Lomorrow. ls Moxt Important Question. The Central American union is now e good in the The 1 {half of Central America, “or ‘win of American 'qelrvh for a remnedy litical evils of Cen statesmen 1o curs 1 Ame he {the most important question before|5ays. “if a thorough understundin: s e ey . |of the underlyinz peculiaritics of eN conterence, {0 it musi L2 51 Latin American poiitics ix lackingz there is great risk of acting like the bear who broke his master's nose while trying to rid him of a 1y posed of immediately if the delegates expect to accomplish anything within the immediate future. Should the| delegates unanimously vote to con- Takes Up Arms Proposition. would have been solved and the need of justice sider it, the prearranged pmgram! Dr. Bianchi prefaces his argume will automatically go by the board, for | that a union of Central America -~ there would no longer be any siecessity | the only cure for its mans ils by | for treaties among the republics: the i aainhe ot i question of limitation of iment | aTEUINE that the primary i | | Central American revolutions is ar for an international cou excessive centralizataion of power i would vanish. where Eovernmer please note that in what follows of the 13th. Since Monday, intention of belittling the league of nations. Things looked black at Lausanne on the night from morn Silesian question the council is up to any- thing. Anyway, these little matters are all in the family now.” To be sure, Turkey did not propose to join the league until after signature and ratifica- tion of the treaty of peace. She agrees to em- bodiment in the peace treaty of precisely those there is no to The Speejacks. a 98-foot boat of sixty-four ions and six feet pleted the circumnavigation of with eleven souls on board—the owner, A. Y wen of Chicago: his wife and a crew of nine. For display with this one. draught, has just com- the globe. of mnerve few vovages compare It is great pity that Mr. Gowen why Franee should do so. knows the Ruhr action now would dewy eve. Lord Curzon had volleyed and thun- X ace : r 2 Ghe L1t ie American Help Wight Ald. | precipitate chaos. The Rhineland oc- dered or petitioned and implored on behalf of SN TANEEMEntE TeEuL N O e Jogor conrad, for e e e The anly reasons thatiannear upon | CUBSUONI Atedd its EMected NAL s the Christian minorities in Turkey—briefly in- slavia, Greece, Czechosbovakia, Austria and out. he had experiences worthy of the most ke political horizon is outside help b KR LA BT e T “"’: :’_- terrupted now and then by Ismet Pasha to Hungary. Just so much lcague supervision romantic pen. We beg leave to doff our hat for Germany such as American finan- | Lelje the extension of French ! intimate in language of estreme diplomatic Over, minorities as ta agreed to in those to Mrs. Gowen. ¥ 3 s Htecsts HiGht Branl, oF someLivliickce Wil w00 agace saten: the ; e P & . treaties. just so much will Turkey allow. It T must postpone to the next issue notice of . m grant. or com- inluence will g0 wn apace unless the, clegunce that the moble lord was a liar iy not much. A league commission sitting a1 developments in “rural credits: legislation: of collipse of Germany internally. | RERIC SPIES, Conpietcly and there: seeine that ‘(anparently /shamed ftheseto. by Geneve Is empowered by those freatles to the sranuous career Of the ship subsiay bili; France cannot afford to press Ger-|tece that all Gocnpied & ¢ shall the Pope's protest) the allies really had their <end agents to investigale complaints of ill t the agitation in the lower house of Cou- Siany to) hin ndll Neithen can Weance| bei vacatedsbyy theallie & ! jacks up about the Constantinople Greeks, freatment submitted from minority populs- for another naval conference, looking e e Bemit 6f! TWhatever FPrentn pucgsse. e thei lsmet Tiad consented thaf dlighe who had non fiona ThaTenomt of am Investigation goesibe itations on auxiliary combatant crafi, el revelutiondry processes with- | moment at least they have won much fled—some 200.000—might remain in the city fore the next league assembly. xurface and submarine, below 10.000 tons, and e G OREIY anerous position | for the Freneh ideal. Not only has! (eXcept immigrants into Constantinople since And what will the minorities be thinking? of the bill introduced in Congress which pro- Ut Bl her i O Do, bl Bonar Law evidsnced willingnoss'to] ~ the: Mudrosiarmisticeiof October. 1918). | But. tTheihungry sheepilookiup and areinotifed:" poses anjappropriation of seventy million dol- Iamed for the delavs that have been | make concessions of far-reaching ! s to the Anatolian Greeks—that is, the sorrs In fact. Ismet wins. One is reminded, apropos lars for food for Germans and Austrians al- e by elinging to militaristic [ character in order to stave off pre remnant of them, about 300.000—Ismet was of the adission of Turkey into the league. leged to be starving. but to deliber-icipitate and dangerous action in re- schemes sufficient, ately Step into Germany at a time|gard to the Ruhr. but the situation. ! When Germany is collapsing com- s becoming critical as it has. has at- | tely would damn French foreign/tracted the interest of the United; taic = . Hier to, wach an extent us to allen- | Stutes, which Is expected to xpeuk | he ieios 1o riacias o e cnall fte Peoples all over the world. No,Prefty plainls to both England and |¢ries situated in the same part of the Tater what vlse France may de. this | France. the Litter particularly. in case | glope” The report further proposed 1 not expedien ,any chau chemes are ushered | thoy in cases G 3 But there is a serious question in|in during . !l‘;l:? dm:x;er“ol;’:unfik‘oyrxl:figé!g:f the minds of diplomats and othars | Th“t;;‘ & nclguestiunibug o 4 havn Irangements” should be made for its that France has been sincere in her!by government should have : s & o fts e e ihe Rune even to] wholesome effect. but the French al. |9¢{€nse” in accordance with the plan place about it a military customs cor- don in order to bring the German government to its knees with prom- tees of right doing and far-reaching roform. As a matter of fact, it is be: lieved that France, as she has been known to do before in regard to the Yiuhr and in the settlement of other issues, has been bluffing to the ut- most_extreme. ready have indicated that there must be tomething more concrete than mere expression of displeasure of this government. if the plans to bring the Germans to their knees through sanc- tions are not carried through. Loan Would Ease Situation. There is no question that a tremen- dously large loan for Germany, float- i Une of Armed Force Not Proposed. There is no proposal, under the plan ¢ the national chamber or of the commissy)n on armaments that the TUnited States shall use armed forces in Europe. The plan of our national | chamber proposes, and the other im- ! ONE LEGISLATIVE BODY. PLAN OF SENATOR NORRIS Would Start Reform in States, Hoping It Might Reach to National Congress. smatl body of men seitles the fate of important measures which have been demanded in the interests of the people. , With only one body. of course, there would be no conference. Helped Reform the House. Senator Norris has been a member of Congress for many years. He ! BY G. GOLLD LINCOLN. | SFORMS in the legislative ma- chine! of the states and of the nation. in the opinion of Senmator Norris of Nebraska. republican. are greatly needed in the interest of prompt legislation and the welfare of the American people. i Poincare. knowing that the French |ed in America. which would enable {plies. that the United States will join weople are beginning to demand | 3 2 2 e : Teople are beginning to - demand | the Germans to obtain a balance injin providing other “immediate and ef- Ao O e o i ey o oF | their budget and meet allied repara- | fective assistance.” such as material | et ot inability to pay reparations; tions payments will go far in set- {$upport and the economic bovcott. n view of the constantly | tling the situation. In fact. it is be. | w6, CARNOt well do less than this: 1 siniz financial demands upon !jieved that this would be the oil neces. | 40 N0t thinlk that we need to do mare, the French people themselve: t | sary. to calm troubled reparations wa- | Goubled with military action tha Xive an account of his stewardship ' ters. Framee would have no excuse|Driiain and other nations would i the form of concrete action if he whatever for military action. even | Pledge themselves to take in Lurope “ 1o continue in power. There fis,might be induced to lessen her mili- |l believe that the French people Tut one thing outside of mijitary | tary grip on western Germany under | ould be satisfled with the guaran- sction againist Germany that ean save proper pressure. France e Sald be.u;{) ll:l\‘w p::;;i;l‘e:l. e i o re from bitteres: C4 ai ngla i 2 =1 % = 75 Toincare rest. censure and |paid. England might not have to'con- | 2% 400" 15" O lnadtions would have ln other directions. Might Get Mana Elsewhere. There is no question that the|inz vears. French people would be ontent with | Thus Poincare by creating the pres- cancellation of allied war debts if|ent crisis, through his threat. may | there must be reduction of repara- tions. There was no indication in| If. however, this is not accomplish- England of disposition to actually | ®d. far-reaching financial and eco- seriously consider the proposition of debt cancellatin until Bonar Law and Poincare got together in London. There is every reason to believe that rather than congent to military action in the Ruhr. Bonar Law gave prom- ise of seriously considering cancel sibly overthrow, and that is mana | sider debt cancellation 1 i !sanctions against the the whole situation would approxi- mate a stage of normality insuring some degree of progress in the com- gair. all that France desires in the | way of reparations. i omic chaos is a certainty lapse of Germany is proceeding apace. But one thing can stop the French in case present schemes do not take! form. and that is solid united allied | support against Franée's proposed rmans, backed, by American de- The col- | and backed firml lation of debts. It is even said that | mands of tolerance. been prepared for a tranquil, work- ing Europe. and for a long period of business prosperity. Men pray that the world may be speedily restored to normal conditions, but with safe- guards against the dangers that in 1914 brought about its undoing. The industrial equipment, the raw ma- terials and the workmen with which to make the physical reconstruction are at hand. Vast wealth was de- troyed by the war. but the produc- tive power of the industrial nations is great enough to restore conditions of abundance and comfort. This undertaking would keep the world going at full speed for a long period of years. American farmers and manufacturers would find markets American ved in the House before he came to the Senate. In those days he was one of the group of progressives who attacked the power of the Speaker— “Cannonism” as it was called then— and brought about a reform so that the Speaker was shorn of much of his power. He has been a member of the Senate for more than a dozen years. the legislative methods in Washing- ton and in the states. Today he is & leading member of the new “progres- sive bloc,” recently formed, with members of the Senate and House co- operating in the interest of progres- sive legislation. In the first place, Senator Norris be- lleves that the state legislatures should be composed of one body, instead of two, and that the state legislatures should be greatly reduced in size. It is the purpose of Senator Norris to retire from the Senate at the conclusion of his term of office, which is March 3, 1927—1f he does not resign prior to that | date—and when he has left the Senate | i | he proposes to set on foot a movement in his own state for a single legislative body—a body _composed of twenty or thirty men. The present legislature of Nebraska {s composed of of two bodies, senate and house, having a joint mem- He is entirely familiar with | Holds the Security of France Greatest of World Needs Today (Continued from First Page.) tainly be ready to give the military guaranties France seeks if we help o provide a reasonable basis on which they can proceed. England a* this time has 1.200,000 unemployed for whom account of the collapse in Eu markets. Italy is on the verge of ruin for the same reason. Switzer- land and Czechoslovakia, in spite of z0od currencies, are experiencing a Stagnation in_business. Conditions in the Scandinavian countries and llolland are far from satisfactory. All these would certainly be ready 1o join in any practicable plan for remedying conditions which have re- sulted in distress to their people and which untelieved threaten continued and deepening distress. Two Things America S ld Do Now. Tnder the limitations. and in view of these two obvious facts, there are, it seems to me, two practical steps that our government can take. A. The President can immediately call an economic conference in Wash- ington. 1f such a meeting is called, the best men will come from all countries to ‘Washington and the true situation will be brought out in conference. The correspondents, editors and pro- prietors of newspapers from all over the country, even from the smaller cities and towns, will come to the capital, since it will be known that what is done at the conference will affect demand and prices for the prod- ucts of our farms, mines and factories. The wide publicity given to the con- ference would bring the real situation home to our people and create ample support for the further step to be taken. B. ThAe sccond practioal step referred to above—which ,'hel(flw would lead to Vre yiving of the nceded military guar- i i | 1 :,"'ifi to‘ijra.ucb would be action that ould put into efiect a recommendat adopted in 1916 by a referendum nou“q):; the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. I quote from the oficial state- ment declaring the referendum adopted by a vote of 556 organizations for and Uhe canmot find work on | only 157 against. as follows: ropean | t | United States should take the initiative “The committee recommends that the in joining with other n ing to b-ing concerted economic 10 Uear tipon any nation er Paciire which resort to military measwres wwith out submitting their differences. to. an international court or @ conneit on con. clliation and _awaiting the deciston of the court or the recommendation of the , as circus St mstances make the more ction in line with this r dation of America’s Teading businens men would not pledge us o sent s single man overseas in case of Burc pean war. but it would pledge e o deniy material aid of any kind te og attacking power and In its practica] workings would result in throwi out vast material forces on the eias of a country that was wantonly st tacked. This arrangement would be very similar to that prepared by Lord Robert Cecil and proposed by the temporary mixed commission on armaments, in its report to the as- sembly of the league of nations at Geneva last September. That report expressed the judgment ‘“that mo scheme for the reduction of arma. ments can ever be really successful unless it is general.” and that +in the present state of the world the ma- Jority of governments would be un- able to accept the responsibility for a serious reduction of armaments un- less they received in exchange a sat- isfactory guaranty of the safety of their countries.” It then declared that “such a guaranty can be found in a general defensive agreement be- tween all the countries concerned, binding them to provide immediate and effective assistance in accordance with a prearranged plan in the event of one of them being attacked, pro- vided that the obligation to render ations in agree- eager for their products. | workmen would have full employ- ment at good wages. i Nothing prevents a beginning now, except_the failure to provide France with the guaranties she must have. If the problem were faced squarely and without partisanship it could be solved within the next three months. I most earnestly contend that its so- ilution is a test of the fitness of gov- ernments to survive. This task is one that is the special responsibility of our own country, be- cause without our co-operation ef- fective action by the other nations is impossible. When it shall have been solved on American initiative—then, and not until then, will our people feel that they have been true to their ideals and taken their rightful part in the world settlement. 'Then, and not until then, will steady work, steady business and steady profits be possible in the United States and peace and prosperity come to the rest of the world. MAILS SHOW INCREASE. Christmas Rush Exceeds That of Last Year, Says Postmaster. First official comparisons of the Christmas mail rush with last year’s, made public by Postmaster Chance yes- terday, show increased mails handled at the city post office in all lines Friday, as compared with December 15, 1921. The only exception was in the number of parcels delivered here Friday, 8.615 parcels being delivered, as compared with 9,191 a year ago. Officials were at loss to explain this, since the number of sacks of mail received yesterday was in excess of that received a year ago, the figures being 3,131 yesterday, compared with 2,967 on December 15, 19215H Letters canceled at the post office yes- terday totaled 765,495, as compared with 643,345 on December 15, 1921. U. S. EMPLOYE RETIRES. Retiring from the government service last Monday after consecutive service since 1897, Thomas H. Butler, skilled helper at the bureau of en- graving and printng, the next day celebrating his seventieth birthday. Mr. Butler had a two-month tem- porary appointment with the bureau in 1876, when it was located in the ‘Treasury Department building. bership of 133. If he is successful in his campaign in Nebraska he will seek The Nebraska senator is firmly con- vinced that the House is too large a body. He insists that the member- ship of the House compares in every | way with that of the Senate, that i there are able men in the House, but Logically, in the opinion of Sei that they are compelled to shear L SRR fypecd themselves of power which should be Norris, the same plan should be ex- theirs individually, because of the tended to the federal government. and | size of the body and the need of get- there should be but one legislative body | ting action on measures Jhat come efore it. e House, in his o] in Washington, instead of the present | before it. The House, 1 008 P >% Senate and House. The same reasons | galiberative body. What is wanted in for the change in the states exist in con- | Washington, In his opinion. s one nection with Congress in Washington. | legislative body which is no be a deliberative body. But Senator Norris realizes that it;'*16% ol (oday han 435 members, would be a tremendous task to bring jand under the next apportionment about such a change in the federal gov- to have a similar plan adopted in the other states. For a One-House Comgress. among the states, in accordance with s = he last census, it may be even ernment; that it would necessitate |11 .\"" The Senate has ninety-six |Consfltutjnna.l amendment and that it | 8TESE TRC S0 each state. If would probably require a long campaign oficaucation’ SFiegpianagtneratorsiit center his ef on the state legisla- tors, as the case might be. it tures, thinking that if the wisdom of iahould not exceed 200 in size, possibly such'a change is demonstrated in the | i’ Ghould be smaller. states, the people as a whole may deem it wise to reorganize the.federal legisia- Works Well in Citles. In many of the larger municipal- ture. Reasons a for the plan (o medusy oo Dot | ities the ola plan of electing & large legislators and to have one body in-|poard of aldermen has been abandon- e O e oilows® ed, and & commission form of gov- Arguments for Pldn. ernment has been substituted. The 1. With a smaller number of legis- | commissions are small; their mem- lators the states would be ablé to|bers are well paid. The commission- pay salaries adequate to ecompensate|ers are selected because they have the best men whom the people might |the qualifications needed to govern choose. He had the salaries of state|the municipalities. It is obvious, in legislators in mind, and not those of |the opinion of Semator Norris, that members of the national Congress,|the trend is toward more sclentific overnment and legislative methods, when he made this statement. &hd that it has started with the mu 2. Even with higher pay for the|nicipalities. legislators, with the number cut| while Senator Norris is a member down, the states would save money )of the so-called “progressive bloc” in by_the change. Congress—is_one of the leaders in 3. With oniy a single legislative]that group—he is not advocating the body every member would be re-|organization of a new political party. sponsible for the action of the body—|In fact, a new party, however pul- it would be impossible to shift the|chritudinous at the outset, placed in responsibility from one body to an-{power, with the same old method of other for the failure of legislation,|doing business, eventually would be- as is 50 often done now in the states|come a tool of special interests of one and in Washington. ° kind or_another, would become boss 4. Bills would not be sent to “con- | ridden. He desires rather to get away ference” committees of two legisla-las far as possible from parties and tive houses and there adjusted to suit;party government. The party system, the wishes of special interest, as, he|he says, is a wrong one, and re- declares, so frequently happens under | sponsible for many of the govern- existing conditions. It is in confer- | menta) ills of today. He believes that ence, he says, the “dirty work” is|no public official should be a party done, Meeting behind closed doors. & man, governed by party, and that the there were one legislative body, with its members all representatives or all | | | I | same should hold true of legislators after they come into office. Often men who bLelieve In a measure before the Senate, or before the House, vote against it because they are “party men,” or they vote for a measure in which ther ‘do not believe for the same reason. The country would be much better off if its legislators would vote as their intelligence tells them to vote. and not at the dictates of some party leader. On Individual Platforms. In the states ne would have the men offering for the legislature sub- mit their platforms. Then their names, without any party affiliations, would be printed upon the ballots and | | the people would elect them, not as democrats, republicans or progre: | sives, but as legislators pledged to a legislative | | SN O A LA s bRl e Mgl SRORUL SIS U ST it platform. It may be mentioned in this con- nection that the progressive bloc, of which Senator Norris is a_member, is @ non-partisan group, made up of re- publicans and democrats alike, pledg- ed to vote for progressive measures. In other countries where constitu- tional governments have been set up, with legislative bodies to make the laws—as in Great Britain and France —the legislative bodies are larger in number of members than is the Con- gress of the United States. The house of commons, in Great Britain, for ex- ample, numbers more than 700. The French chamber of deputies has many members. They also have two bodies —though to be sure, in Great Britain, the work is really done by the house of commons, the house of lords play- ing a comparatively unimportant part. But Senator Norris is not one of those who believe that because a certain order or system has existed for a long time it must not be changed. Improvements are always possible. Urges More Sanity At Christmas Time To_the Editor of The St In the olden days Christmas was “a thing of beauty and a joy for- ever” People gave according to their ability; homemade gifts were the most popular of all. If we had much, we gave much—if little, we gave little; but, oh, the happy times we used to have over it! But this is all changed now. As soon as December comes we are beset. on every side, our mail is full of ap- peals for cash, the school (:Mldrenl are sent to their homes to sell stamps for this and that, the stores are full of threatening signs to jack us up| into an orgy of spending. even buy now and pay next year (perhaps). The result is a feverish excitement in us all—we rush from store to store, spending money we can ill afford to part with, battling with the crowds—always with the fear that we may have forgotten some one. This all comes from the present prevailing habit of people to tell oth- ers just what they must do and when they must do it. Why not let us alone? We all know our own ecir- cumstances, Those who can., shop early; those who cannot for any rea- son, do not wish to be brought up to toe the mark. Why take all the joy out of the holiday season? If we could just be allowed to exercise our own judgment in the imatter we would “all be better and better, day by day.” Also there would not be so many people on Christmas day too much exhausted to enjoy the day, and too much in debt to enjoy it any- how. Let us cut out this Christmas orgy of giving and spending and re- turn to the simplicity that we of ma- ture years can remember in other days. MRS, R. L. WALKER. PRESIDENT IS HONORED. President Harding vesterday re- ceived a certificate” of life member- ship in the Almas Masonic Club of Pittsburgh. The presentation of the certificate was made at the White House by Representative Slemp of Virginia _and Sisson of Mississippl. We can The line-up, as understood among the delegations for the limitation of armament discussion, makes the {union’s consideration extremely {doubtful. Honduras strongly backed {the proposal when the conference {opencd, and siding with her is Sal- {vador. Nicaragua and Guatemala are lukewarm, at best. and Costa Rica, if { the sentiments expressed by the dele- {gation which resigned are represen- {{ative, ix strongly opposed. The iCosta Rican delegation. however. {made it plain that its expression ou !ihe matter was not final. The newly ! appointed delegation will be able to {voice the official sentiment when the i question next comes up. | The attitude of the United States lin the conference so far has heen o lavoid, as much as possible. any active | participation in the al decisions i concerning resolutions, merely giving { helpful advice or suggestions shouid they be sought. There has been no indication officially of how the Cnited States views the question of a a delegate {union. although there have been 1u- formal utterances on the part of high officials that this country bLelieves the | the theory of a union sound | All Really Want Unio: | As a matter of fact, !{he present conference expressed it | very well when he said that all Cen- {tral Americans at heart are union- iists. But repeated failures at draw ling up a union on paper have forced i many to the conclusion that it is i something that must develop slowly Tather than spring into being with the signatures of a selected group of representatives. 1t must be remem- bered that Central America large area. with a great percentage of its pop- lation illiterate, and with means of communication few and far between. | Something much stronzer than & | formal agreement is o bind lthe individual states togetier-in & {union that will stan | There ave two methods Whivh have i been propused for forming the union. to bind the states to- rst gether in a federatior ||«As T See It” (Continued from Fi 1e states 10 The common schools farmer that he is giving h as the town man education has taught for his com- uld _deny him He knows and he has children. taught the soclety as muc gives. Indeed. the farmer too much fort of those Wwho wo! what is coming to him. to use the primary executive, easily degenerats: He places small confidence in igram of disarmament Central American states ber of rifles, guns and sold command of each one of t despotism pro t into ame “The nun rs at the five Cet tral American states is a facior I minor imporiance.” he declares . regard to internal peace Or uunres Of what possible use could Guair mala’s army be in a war again n hardly raise telegram { i Washingtor House 1 put_ would lend to the confl Assuning states Dr. Bianc the Centra | Amer governn would agres on disarming. it would be necessary |10 find another age apabie of in | suring their stability shieldins Vthem against the pl dventur !ers. Advocates Old an. Dr. Bianchi advocates a union of the five Central American states un- der a federal government on a plad Uni memb i\.”\ilar to that of th America 1t will be such a union was on the eve formed between and Honduras when a political knocked it in the hea. Had it jvcen for that revolution Dr. Bianel probably would be president of federation of Central American states today instead of writing letters from Mexico City, where he has taken tem porary refuge as a political exile. The Costa Rican delegation’s with drawal from the conference mca ed tha ala, Salvado coup Jthe resignation of Senor Octavie Beeche as Costa Rican minister to the United States. He Las represente Costa Rica in Washingion for the last two vears S0 Tepre sen.ed Saivauor si the Salvad i minister. Dr. Salvador Sol left Wash ington. For the presen Senor Doy Gorzalo il. Beeche, son of the former n charge of | Costa Rican min !the Salvador leg, to the Constitution of 1 United States. Would Gen. Pershing indicate tha President Harding is not living up to the dear old Constitution Or per- haps the genera' would brand the President as one of those undesirable reds who are forever agitaling | changes b In considering the iniquity of | tinkering amendments to the Consti tution, it all depends upon who su gests the tinkering. 1f he is ou tinker, he's doing a fine job. 1f he's | yours. he's a bad actor, Who shoul! be given the bum’s rush out of tiw works! The Blexsings of Publicity. how 3 Jearned to scratch his ticket. So he is armed on the warpath. The em- HE Bursum bill. which would taks away certain ancient rights the Pueblo Indians of the desert, wa~ efs who fired the shot e world a century | and a half ago have worthy success- battled farm: heard around th he militant American farmer :’;3:;“ (They will not rest under in- justice, And tln‘e]rm-l‘( xgnroo“u:c'hm» ati day which may v ::;;‘mi‘nog ‘tomorrow is the fyhda- mental injustice Which the American s suffering. 'er"l"::rfihrmel‘ knows what he \\anI;: and he wants what he wants when he ATunts it. And a hundred boots click- ing down the corridors of the Capitol atowashington would get the farm- 2l want. Watch out for vour horses, fhe farmers’ steam roller is coming. Big. Easy Money. IF you believe that light wines and beer are coming back, here’s a won- erful chance to make :mney if not quick. A St. Louis brewer is trying to sell off a large block of his brewery plant buildings. Living out west, he realizes how futile it is to talk of any modifica- tions of the Volstead act. He saw Ohio vote dry by overwhelming ma- Jjority. ‘He saw that even in Illinois, upon & square referendum for repre- sentatjves-at-large, the dl;}"! W‘on by ornia vote 5:;'&&“'&?2’ aret time G owite the v act into its fundamental Volstead ACt annot fool the St. Louis law. - St. L Vi with the result in New York. D e ersey and Massachusetts. But Tt*Vou think that these three states are going to control the Union, sail in ana buy the hop mill. Itis for sale cheap. It All Depends. his speech in Chicago the other day, Gen. Pershing decried thoee who are talking about amending the Constitution of the United States. He was hitting covertly at those who would require a popular referendum in case of war except when the coun- try is attacked. Pershing declared, “Let those who would amend the Con- stitution live up to it, and we shall be all right.” -\ ‘And the next day Pershing’'s su- perior officer, the President of the United States, presented a message to Congress asking for two amendments and | money—easy | passed by the Senate and sent to the House. Then a group of artists it New Mexico discovered the iniquitivs of the Bursum bill and made outers against it. Lined up behind the bili were senators from New Mexico, Sec retary of the-Interior Fall from > Mexico, the political satraps of the state, and, according to Senator Bur sum, the Harding administration. The powers that he were for it. And the artists who opposed bill were but “feeble folk, thes built their homes in the rock.” Their outery won. Senator Borah heard the outery, examined the cl. of the protesting artists and recalled the bill. It is doomed About the same time the newslcay from the orient that Shantung w restored to the Chine: There was another outrage which was cured by publicity. The Chinese had no power in Paris during the peace conference President Wilson stood by and saw the Chinese lose their rights in Shan- tung, and broke with Col. House for trying to patch up some sort of a compromise over the robbery. But the righteous public opinions of the world undid the wrong that the prac Ktlcll statesmen would have done i Paris four vears ago. The race is, indeed. not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. But the little David who has public- ity In his sling always may be de- pended unon to get the giant if David keeps shooting. The jump from the band wagon to the mourners’ bench is not as far as it 100ks to the victor Nothing fails like success of a cer- 'tain kina! D. S. M. FOR COL. GOODWIN. President Harding has awarded the distinguished ‘service metal to 4% Robert E. Goodwin, Field Artillery Reserve Corps, of Hamilton, Mass.. for exceptionally —meritorious services as commanding officer of the 101st fleld artillery from September 11, 1918, to April 28, 1919, especially dur- ing the St. Mihiel offensive and the operations north of Verdun. ow the Net ms |