Evening Star Newspaper, November 19, 1922, Page 46

mon by which the offender was oY " unimpressively. He réad mdst of his i enabled"to hirs his prisén proxy. He ' speeches, and they were couched in an academic vein. He did not “take his coat off,” and the British elector, like the American, likes nothing better than to see a man hustle and talk plainly in support of himself or his party. It now appears that in the -three- cornered fight in the London borough in which Wells stood as & candidate he ran last, recelving only 1,437 votes to 2,180 for the second man and 3,833 for the conservative, This was & rather sorry showing. But, then, it was asked at the beginning, and it is asked now, Why should Wells rate himself as & laborite? Hc has never been & work- ingman. He has been a professional writer practically all his life, publish- ing his first story at the age of twenty- nine. He is a “friend of labor,” how- ever, just as George Bernard Shaw is an advocate of the proletariat. Shaw might have made a better showing. He would at least have conducted a hustling and a vivid campaign. Wells must either change his style or his party if he wants to succeed in the field of politica. - iIE EVENING - STAR, With SundayyMerning Edition, WASEINGTON, D. C. /NDAY.....November 19, 1023 ‘was tried on a charge consplracy to defeat justice and was sentenced to serve thres months. The serious part of this matter .is that it is reported that several cases of this same character have occurred in different parts of the country, and that @ standard rate of $10 a day has been established for substitute prison service. It seems incredible that proxies could ever get to prison without the connivance of court or jail officials. Such a connivance fs, of course, in it- self a criminal act and deserves se- vere punishment. In the Cleveland case there were three parties to the offense, the lawbreaker, the provider of funds and the proxy himself. If there was any official knowledge of “.ily only. the substitution, whoever aided in it nday only o was also gullty. Th> hiring of substitutes to serve s é:'ld:';“f' s‘;‘,’;:a, e prison terms has been known in the ily only.. 1 1 m past; indeed, was accepted as a pos- uday only. sible expedient, but long since the law has refused to recognize the right of e Member of the Associated Prea - oq | MaN, @ vidlator himself, to pase his s T ‘r:'r“:-rfififx'u'fio:";}"m 17 eoen dia: | penalty on to another for a considera- itches credited to it or not otherwise credited | pion r snd ulvo the local news pub X eren. Al rights of publication of| By hiring a substitute the man who L dispatches hereln are wlso reserved- | iy given a jail sentence in effect trans- mutes it into a fine, thus minimizing the effectiveness of the penalty. In almost all cases & prison term is dreaded, and it is the possibllity of “doing time" that chiefly deters poten- tial lawbreakers rather than the chance of suffering pecuniarily. This Cleveland case should be fol- lowed thorough!ly todetermine whether the practice prevalls elsewhere in this country. It is a dangerous breach of the safeguards that have been erected for the protection of soclety. {EODORE W. NOYES...Editor : Evening Sh‘r Newspaper Company inens Office, 11th St. and Pennsyl New York Office: 150 Nassau ‘St. ago Ofice: Tower Ruildl pean Office: 16 Regent St. Sunday morning 10 Evening Star, with th £ ers within the city is delivered by car thy dail < ‘may be 4. Coltection is of each month. *ate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 3 0¢ yra yr. Hague and Haig. In commenting upon the flight of the Sultan of Turkey to a British bat- tleship for refuge one of the higher authorities of the government at Lon- don, not named in the dispatches, is quoted as saying: Great Britain h: the refuge of deposed Even Napoleon was removed for safe- on a British ship, and the only reason the kaiser did not offer himseif to Gen. Halg was because he feared the danger of passing through the firlng lines on the western front. It Is interesting to know that the kaiser actually wanted to surrender himself to the British. Much different, indeed, would have been the situation he had done so. It would not have 80 easy then to avoid the issue of Congress and the Elections. Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, nouncing his program of progress- ism, which includes @ determined pposition to certain pending legisla- ve proposals, assails the practice shich keeps in Congress for three \onths after a national election men ho have been defeated at the polls. U'his raises an old question, often dis- ussed, and as often laid aside as in- .olving great difficulties in correction. he federal election schedule was es- ablished at the outset on the basis of xisting conditions. Communications vere difficult and slow. A complete »ll of the balloting could not possibly »0 had at the time of the organization i the government within one or pos- 4bly two months. It was contem- JNated that the retiring Congress +hould finish its work while the per- sonnel of its succeesor was being de- termined. As communications have been im- proved and made more speedy the sys- tem has developed differently from the oxpectations of the founders. The newly elected Congress is known toa man before the next regular session hegins. Ever since the telegraph was stablished, therefore, there has been the possibility of a repudiated Con- sress continuing for three months or more at work after the verdict of the people has been rendered and become zenerally known. To correct this condition it will be necessary to shift the whole political calendar. The Constitution contem- plates that the retiring Congress shall be the judge of the election of the President and Vice President. It +therefore must sit after the presiden- 1ial election. This requirement is based upon a logical principle that the new Congress, chosen at the same time as the President, may itself be subject to the question of legality. Moreover, the votecanvassing or retiring Con- greas must be in session before the snauguration of the President in order to certify to his election. These questions have arisen hereto- fore in connection with the proposal 40 change the date of the inaugura- +ion. Whenever the more clement date of the last Thursday in April—the time historically appropriate owing to it having been the date of George Washington’s induction into office—is proposed objection is raised that this would prolong the term of the retiring and possibly repudiated Congress, and a counter plan is usually advanced to curtail that term and have the new Congress to assemble and the Presl- dent inaugurated early in January. But this would require the old Congress to assemble at some time subsequent to the election and canvass the vote, unless the system were ‘undamentally changed and the newly tolected Congress were made the can- Yassing body. If the newly elected Congress were charged with this duty it would have to go into session before the inauguration of the President, suf- Aclently in advance to provide against a hiatus in the presidential office. Taken altogther, the issue raised by Senator La Follette does not lend it- self to easy solution, even if a change in practice were desirable. There are certain advantages in the retention of the old Congress in being after an election just as there are undoubtedly, at least in theory, advantages in im- mediately putting the popular will into effect through @ prompt as- semblage of the national legislature. ‘Will There Be Two Caliphs? TUndoubtedly the flight of the sul- tan will be construed by the Turkish nationalists as & surrender of the caliphate. Rafet Pasha, the Kemalist Governor of Constantinople, has al- ready declared that his placing himself under Christlan protection is an aban- donment of all authority over the Mos- lem. It is intimated that a demand will be made upon Great Britaln for the restoration of Mohammed VI for trial. Apart from the question of British liability in the matter arises the ques- tion of the sultan’s status as the head . of the church. Suppose the Angora government declares that he i no longer caliph, having abandoned that office upon entering Christian terri- tory. Will that declaration stand with a trial. Wilhelm in England or in some English possession might have made @ very great alteration in the British attitude. It is to be noted that the difficulty which prevented surrender to Halg ‘was the danger of passing through the “firing lines on the western front.” Is there a significance in the plural? The firing “lines” consisted first of German forces and then of allled troops. To get to Haig it would have been necessary to pass through the former. Was not the danger to the kaiser greater in the first step than in the second? It has been sald ‘that the reason ‘Wilhelm fled into Holland was that he feared his own troops, and that the way was open to the northeast. This throws light upon the suggestion con- tained in the London dispatch that the kaiser could not get through the west- ern lines in safety. Probably the gov- ernment at The Hague devoutly wishes that another Haig had received the fugitive. the other Moslem powers and peoples? ‘Will it be accepted by the Arabs of the Hedjaz or by the Mohammedans of India, or the followers of the prophet in Africa? The Angora gov- ernment had previously decreed the office of sultan vacant and separated the political and religious functions. It is quite probable that Moslems in other countries will accept this sep- aration decree and insist that Moham- med VI remains the caliph despite any declaration by the Angora authori- ties. Should this happen and should the Kemalist government name & new caliph the Moslem world will be ser!- ously troubled by the presence of two heads of the religion. With Moham- med VI perhaps installed at Mecca un- der the protection of the King of the Hedjaz, and a caliph chosen by Kemal Pasha’s natlonal assembly established at Constantinople, 2 schism would be effected in Islam that would much relleve the Christian world on the score of possible Mohammedan con- centration. The flight of the sultan, therefore, may have very important consequences apart from any immedi- ate embarrassment to England on the score of his reception on a British ‘warship. That Lenin and Trotsky are discreet politiclans 18 attested by the fact that they have been able to get along with each other for so many years. g The party represented, by Victor Berger-in Congress Is not large, and for that reason will be free from fac- tional embarrassments. Bergdoll, in the event of the much- predicted “another war,” will have a chance to contradict_his reputation as a slacker. 5 g ‘The war cloud still hangs over Eu- rope in spite of the neglect of various nations to eave enything for a rainy: day. “Kaiser” and “kaiserin” are pre- served as titles of domestic endear- ment, without political significance. According to some traffic authorities the bartender is needed to prevent the purser from being out of work. Caps and Fame. Many & man great in his own es- teem for qualities of statesmanship | and perhaps in the esteem of others has been chagrined in the course of his career to find his name given to a fivecent cigar. Perhaps the same emotion is felt by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle just now. He is earnestly try- ing to:bring the world to an eccept- ance of certain psychic phenomena in manifestation of a law which'is not indorsed by material sclence. But the unheeding ‘world, instead of recogniz- ing ectoplasms, adopts the “Sherlock Holmes cap.” That foreandaft head- gear, so familiar to the readers of de- tective fiction, has suddenly become the vogue. It had e period of popu- | larity some years ago, when the great crime detector was spinning his yarns, and then passed, to be readopted by a few sea travelers and country club habitues. Now it is “the-thing™ in caps, with its double flap, tied at the crest with a little ribbon, and its visors at both ends. What will the movie directors do now? The film managers have been known for some time by the reversal of their caps, the sure sign manual of authority in studio and on location. But with visors at both ends the best they can do to differentiate from the ordinary run of mankind will be to turn their caps sidewise, in the Napoleonic style. Will the pipe and perhaps the dressing gown come back into wogue with the double-péaked de- tective cap? There is plenty of amateur detective talent at large in this country, and maybe the new style will stimulate it to even greater ac- tivity than heretofore. B st A landsiide is an upheaval of nature, and is never to be' construed es im- plying a permanent practice. Mustapha Kemal, while remiss in many matters, has at least attained a reputation as & good listener. - ‘The black shirt is favored by Mus- solinl as a compromise between the red shirt and the silk shirt, ‘The German mark is less in need of stabllization than of resuscitation. SHOOTING STARS. EY PHILANDER JOHNSOK. Stop. Look. Listen. ‘There is a motto everywhere ‘Whose merits are inspiring, To those who do not speak with care And yet who speak untiring. Let others go ahead and make ‘The conversation glisten, ‘While you, their. measurements to take, i Just Stop and Look and Listen. : “Don’t Get Hurt.” This slogan of *Safety week” is ‘backward. Of course, it is well enough to warn the pedestrian not to get hurt. ‘He has had the warning thousands of times, and in the large he has heeded it well, else the entire community would be dead or maimed. “Don’t hurt" should be the primary slogan. A negative statement is bad enough, but eterpally to place the blame upon the Inoffensive “man in the street” is worse than putting the cart before the horse. Communities are so used to traffic accidents that' they eommonly fail to e stirred by thern ynless the tragedy happens to themselves or to some one dear to them. Then it suddenly is seen in all its ‘unnecessary hideous. pess, But a trafficaccident is always hideous. 3 “Don't hurt!” That is the proper warning, placing the emphasis where it belongs. The thing to do is to take primary atten- tion off the man who gets run over and place it upon the man who does the running over. Such & white light-of publicity and attention will make scores of motorists, perhaps even the most reckless, the true warning, “Don't hurt!” Let them speed on, while you observe Their smoke trail in the distance. Don’t rush a crossing at a curve "~ With flladvised persistence. Unless with freight they pause for you, There's nothing much you're missin’. Let blusterers whistle and go through. Just Stop and Look and Listen.. Growing Practical. “What is your objection to being interviewed?” 3 s “Merely & matter of business,™ sald Senator Sorghum. “If I have anything in mind that I think the public is eager to see in print, I'll write it up and sell it myself.” Jud Tunkins says the man who blames others for -his misfortunes merely edvertises. his own careless- ness. = . The bootlegger has no political status. Wets and drys are both op- posed to him. ’ 3 % — The best thanksgiver is the one ‘Who selfish motives smothers; Whose heart gives thanksfor, what he's done ok To earn the thanks of others.’ Safety. " “Are you going to tell the children there isn‘t any Santa Ciaus?” - . “No. They are very frank and rather exscting. If ‘they don't lke thelr gifts I'd rather Aripeisonal Wells & Poor Third. * ‘H. 'G. Wells, British author and publicist, offered himsélf as a cendi- date for the house of commons on. the labor ticket in the recent campaign. He threw. himself into the canvass vigorously. Much interest was manf- fested fn him because of his wide repu- tation es & writer and commentator on international affairs. -But those New Jersey claima tiore interest for her police unnlc_ hcr politiclans. P WASHINGTON, D. 0., NOVEMBER 19, 1922—PART 2 Politics at HomePowers of Federal Government Challenged by Massachusetts A Tale of Two Radioals. Robert M. La Follette and Hiram Johnson achleved the most pronounced personal triumphs in the recent cam- paign. Bach had s walkaway on elec- tion day. Each made a show of his company. Each stood, and was elect- ed, as @ republican, and yet both fig- ure prominently in all speculation about the organization of a third party. .Both are credited with radical views and tendencies. And yet they differ sharply about some things. As one star differeth from another star in glory, one radical may differ from an- other radical in radicalism. These two radicals do. In personal gifts and dispositions they are much alike. Both are orators of the impassioned school. Both han- dle crowds in much the same fashion. Both inspire aerdent devotion. Men who come under their spell swear by them. They like obedience, and know how to command it. Both have had experience in both executive and legislative office. Each has served as the governor of his state. Mr. La Follette is the older, though not an old man. There seems to be an abundance of pep and =ip in him yet. Conceding for speculstion’s sake that @ third party impends, would it be possible to bring these men to- gether on the same platform? To go even further, would it be poesible to meke a presidential ticket out of them? It so, which for first place? Mr. La Follette is not only the older, but as & radical, a reformer, what you please, has had much the longer and ‘wider experience. He might claim first plece on that score. And yet it is dim- cult to think of Mr. Johnson in second place, even with a veteran of eminence in first. ‘When the ball opens, these two men will be prominent and important fig- ures on the floor; and all they say and all they do will be chronicled, and ap- praised by an interested public. A Tale of Two Brothers. Interest, more or less national, will attach to Charles W. Bryan when he assumes and while he performs the dutles of Governor of Nebraska. Information about him today is meager beyond the fact that he is the younger brother of the famous Wil- liam J., and has been closely asso- ciated with him {n business and poli- tics since the latter came into his kingdom of national consequence and prosperity. The close association has existed now for a full quarter century. Those who know the younger man speak praise of him. They hold in high regard both his ability and the loyalty of his nature. He has until now large- 1y effaced himself in the interests of the older men, who, with his brilliant and showy parts, captured popular notice at Chicago in 1896 and has kept well {n the spotlight ever since. At last, however, Charles W. has emerged from Willlam J.'s shadow and become an individual in his own right. How will he acquit himself in the office he has secured, and; if suc- cessfully, to what may the success lead? Unlike his brother, he is not an elo- quent man, but is said to possess a level head and to keep it level on his shoulders. Unlike his brother again, he is a plodding investigator, and goes into questions thoroughly. There {8 no suggestion that a suc- cessful term as Governor of Nebraska might make Charles W. & presidential quantity, but it is thought that {t might 1and him in the Senate here, or in @ cabinet office if a democrat should succeed Mr. Harding in the ‘White House. He would be equal, his friends claim, to either place. Patience sometimes has full reward. Surely this man has been patient. He has walted long for a chance; and now it has come to him at a time when the stakes are large, the play high and the players in a stats of great ex- hilaration. —sm——————— Politics. Politics? We are golng to have “oodlings” of politics in this country during the next two years. It will be the wear. Every politician between the two oceans will be in action. Old poli- ticians and new will find work ready to hand, and appealing in the strong- est way to their tastes and talents. Let us all welcome the fact. Every- thing is disturbed, and much is in disorder, and only men of public spirit, and experienced in public affairs, exerting themselves according to their lights to bring order out of public con- ditions, can save the day as the day should be saved. There are opinions galore about what last week's election results signify. There are quite as many cpinfons about what those returns call for. Scrap the old parties is the raucous demand in one quarter. Change their leadership is the demand in an- other quartey. And in a third quarter is @ frank confession that the con- fusion is 8o great it would be well for everybody for the present to think more and talk less. _ But, whatever one’s opinion may bde, Tet all be buoyed by, and act upon, the conviction that we shall come through and carry on. We are not at the end of our resources by & long shot. On the contrsry, we may be on the eve of greater, bigger things than . we have hitherto accomplished, We are today the soundest and most powerful go- ing concern in the- world, and, as a matter of fact, the envy of peoples elsewhere, Who, in their greater dis- tress, are looking to us for suggestions &nd an example. : The American who {s pulling a long face now is out of cheracter. He is not playing the proper part, His ex- pression is not beooming to the Amer- ican style of beauty. He should revise his phis, €0 to say, and inspire cheer- fulness in all beholders. 3 There {6 said to be no sanction for calling_members of the national House of Repre: ves_congress- it men. But what of it? They have been called 4han that~Toledo have their com-| Blade. BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the United States, HEN I first presided over the Senate of the United States there yet ryemained in that body & few gentlemen of the old school, who were deeply impressed with the dignity and responsibility of their high office. The amenities of debate were strictly observed by them. Principles alone were discussed and by no possible stretch of imagination could any one concelve these fine-minded men attacking the honor of a state or impugning the motives of 8 fellow senator. Among the num- ber was the distinguished A. O. Bacon. He had u card which read: “Augustus Octavius Bacon, & senator from the soverelgn state of Qeorgia, in the Eenate of the United Btates.” When ho passed away, lamented by all of us, I had little hope that I would ever again hear of the sovereign state of Georgia or of any other sover- elgn state, However pessimistic we may be- come, we should never forget that if there be a real principle, al- though it may be submerged un- der the debris of a destroyed gov- ernment or lost to sight in the hurrying rush of onward move- ment, still it will eventually re- appear to vex or bless mankind. ‘There was a time of controversy between Massachusetts and South Carolina. As I remember it, the controversy had much do with the sovereignty of the state and the supremacy of the federal gov- ernment. Starting_with Hayne and Webster, it only ended with Grant _and Lee at Appomattox. Since 1865 we have been proceed- ing under a somewhat general as- sumption that if the federal gov- ernment be supreme in delegated power, that power can be so con- strued as to make it supreme over all qu ons involving whatever may be thought by the representa- tives of the people to be the sub- Ject of general welfare to the whole United States of America. * % % % Some of us who never consented that the surrender of Lee ended forever the doctrine of states’ rights, and for all time to come invested the general government with supreme authority, were heartened by the action of the state of Massachusetts In attack- ing the constitutionality of the Sheppard-Towner maternity law. ‘This was a significant occurrence in our national life. Whether Massachusetts thought at the close of the civil war that she had ut- terly destroyed the states’ right theory of South Carolina, I do not know, but, if so, Intervening legis- lation must have convinced her that perhaps after all the general government 18 one of delegated and limited powers, and that the state possesses certain rights which the general government is bound to respect. ‘The clvil war ended slavery and secession, but the states, or the people thereof, retained and still Tetain all rights not expressly dele- gated to the general government by the original Constitution and its amendments. Hence, the joy with which some of us welcomed the petition which Massachusetts filed in the Supreme Court in ques- tion of the validity of the ma- ternity act. It called sharply to the attention of the American peo- ple the way in which usurped fed- eral authority is being invoked by the general government. * % % % The petition properly discloses that this particular bit of legisla- | tion makes appropriations for ob- Jects which are not national, but ‘ local, and that in order to induce | the several states of the Unlon to close their eyes to its local char- ‘ acter the legislation extends to them the sop that they ?n share in the aid that is offered if they will match the appropriations con- tributed by the federal govern- ment. Unwilling states are practi- cally dragooned into accepting the legislation and matching the gov- ernment dollars with thelr own, for if they do not they will receive in return no portion of the income tax which their citizsens pay to the general government. It appears that three-fourths of the tax which is to be expended for the purposes of the law will be col- lected from ten states, and that if these states shall accept the terms of the appropriation and retax their citizens to.the necessary ex- tent they will recefve less than 35 per cent of the money they will be compelled to pay to carry out the provisions of the law. The legislation, however fine in motive and purpose it may be, is clearly unauthorized by any prin- ciple of law upless it make for its bulwark that much abused gen- eral welfare clause of the federal Constitution. Well may we ex- claim, “0. General Welfare, in thy name what crimes have not been committed!” We have swung in the course of our national ex- istence from one end of the arc %o the other. We started with the well defined proposition that there should be no taxation without rep- resentation. We end at the point of no representation without tax- ing the other fellow. Does any one believe that tho federal Con- stitution would have been adop ed if the taxatlon provided there- under had been understood to be system whereby the rich and pow- erful states were to have taken from their property every year a portion thereof to be applied to the uee and benefit of the states that ‘were poor? Does apy one doubt that if the terms of this maternity law had been made a condition precedent to the adoption of the federal Constitution we would still be struggling colonies, each seek- ing its own interests? It took me & long while to bring myself to the point of consenting that the Con- gress of the United States could hold out either as a bribe or a threat to the several states appro- priations for good roads to induce the state to make like appropri- tions. So urgent, however, was the manifest need of geod roads that I finally reconciled my states’ rights conscience to the proposal upon the theory that it was valid under the power of the government to build post roads. But bevond that point I never have thought it congtitutional or advisable to go. 3 *x %% 1f, under the general welfare clause of the Constitution, the maternity act shall be upheld, then there is no limit as to what the Congress may do with reference to the expendi- ture of federal revenues upon mat- ters of purely local concern. Its determination by the Supreme Court will mark an era in our government. If the Massachusetts petition shall be allowed and the law 18 declared unconstitutional, then we shall have reached a point where the expenditures of the gen- eral government may be reduced by one-third or one-half. ‘When I was a boy we knew that the barberry bush had something to do with wheat rot, but we did not contend that northern Indi- ana's wheat crop was of general welfare to the whole United States. So our farmers proceeded to cut down their barberry bushes and save their crops with the feeling and bellef that the bush and the crop were matters of local con- cern. But I lived to see the time in ‘the Senate of the United States ‘when the orange growers of Call- fornia and the potato growers of Maine were taxed to cut down bar- berry bushes in North Dakota. 1t the maternity act is upheld under the general welfare clause, then there is no limit,'first, to the power of federal taxation, and, secondly, to the local purposes for which federal taxes may be ex- pended. National appropriations can be made to erect delousing plants for poodle dogs ‘upon the theory that fleas transfer them. selves to human beings, thus less- ening the peace and happiness of a community and thus retarding the general welfare of the repub- lie. (Copyright, 1022, by Thomas R. Marshall.) All Set for China Trade Drive ECAUSE China in her present, state of undevelopment consti- tutes a market for practi- cally everything produced in America and her markets are ex- panding rapidly,. because there s a, feeling in China favoring American business assoclations, and because those best qualified to vision the trade outlook of the United States are looking with satisfaction toward the orient— every manufacturer and exporter in| this country has a personal interest 1n the new China trade act. Secretary Hoover has just completed the organization necessary for carry- ing out the provisions of this act, ap- proved September 19, 1922, and has 18- sued the regulations called for under the act and prescribing the necessary forms for use under the regulations. Members of Congress are sending out coples of these regulations to inter- ested business concerns. The law provides a medlum by which American firms may organize as District of Columbia corporations for the purpose of carrying on trade within China. Income tax exemption 1s granted to corporations 5o organized in proportion to the stock owned by American citizens resident in China or by Chinese 'citizens, provided the Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai, has increased from forty-eight in 11915 to 412 in 1921 * k k% The great majority of these com- panies are small firms who represent manufacturers in the United States, and they are pushing the sale of American products such as machinery, hardware, cotton and cotton manu- factures, food products, motor- cars, typewriters and office supplies, wear- ing apparel such as shoes, underwear, hosiery, shirts and collars and cloth- ing materi; paint and varnish, bullding equipment such as nails and lumber, electrical’ equipment, loco- motives and freight cars, general railroad equipment such as rails, bridge materials and timber, dyes and chemicals, kerosene, tobacco products and products of our mines such as iron and steel, which are used for construction purposes. The first attempt to have legisla- tion passed which would enable American companies to incorporate conduct business on a opened to companies made up and controlled by other nationals was made in June, 1918, when the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, with the approval of Willilam C. Red- field, then Secretary of Commerce, sponsored an act “to provide for the incorporation of companies for carry- ing on foreign busine: cial view to Amerl amount so exempted is distributed to ODe! such American citisens or Chinese citi- sens as a special dividend each year. This provision will enable American firms now subject to taxation under their state charters to _compete on & basis of equality with British, French and Japanese firms operating in China not 80 tax * kKX This act provides for strict super- vision over the activities of the com- panies operating under its terms, and the regulations carry out these pro- vislons by laying down definite rules of procedure regarding appeals to be taken to the Secretary of Comme: from the decisions of the registrar, Acting Commercial Attache Frank Rhea, in Peking, China, has been designated registrar. F. R. Eldridge, i;: chief of the far eastern division, partment of Commerce, with head- quarters in Washington, is assistant registrar, and to him all applications for registration should be sent. The purpose of the act is to zive needed urgent relief to American mer- ged in the development of American foreign trade with the re- public of China. Before the Europsan ‘war there were only three or four im- t Amerioan firms located in ; and our percentage of China's foreign trade amounted.to but 6 per mc. the balance going “Q: ;G”“ with small amounts to various ng ‘Thi taken after the Department of Com- merce had recelved numerous re- uests from American concerns, who found it increasingly difficult to com- pete with companies of other nations, who were granted certain spec: privileges by incorporating under the national laws of their respective countries. A * % % % American commercial organizations end business concerns interested in the China fleld. were unanimous in their ‘demand that a tax-exemption clause was an essential requisite to the bill. The efforts of the Depart- ment of Commerce were given & Ereat impetus by the action of Hong- kong authorities in prohibiting Amer- ican executives holding office under Hongkong - ordinance corporations, under which' a number of erican conoerns, in the absence of a United States federal statute for incorpora- tion, were obliged to o] te. To the American business man looking toward the orient for future trade it may be said that China is at t'in & state of flux. It {s un- r‘mn‘vlnt a transition full of momen- tous possibilities. In population it represents more than one-quarter of the inhabjtants of the earth. Inarea s larger or _tha it S";lm” t:l one-fifth of the it constl landed area of the earth. Probably 's population six-sovenths of China’ live within one-third of its area, not the other two-thirds Iul'u fer- ©Of because tility, dut because of lagk on transportation. Wi ‘weal unsu anywhere SOME INSIDE STUFF ABOUT NEW YORK BY WILLIAM JOHNSTON, . NEW YORK, November 18, 1922. EW YORK {8 fast getting to be the “tippingest” place in the world. Everybody takes them. There used to be a tradition that native-born Americans didn't take tips, but as far as New York {s concerned it is in the discard. A well-to-do New Yorker can easily t rid of two thousand dollars'a year Just In tips. He leaves his apartment on 2 rainy morning. He tips the hall boy a quar- ter to get him a taxl. He gives the taxi driver a quarter tip. When he goes to lunch he tips the waiter and hat boy again, with possibly from one dollar to five dollars to a headwaiter to get a good table, and a quarter more to the carriage starter for call- ing him a taxi. At Christmas time he has to glve tips to the office boys, telephone operators and elevator men in the building where his office is, and in his apartment to the superintend- ent, his helper, and to six or eight hall boys. The barber, the bootblack, and the man who pressed his clothes all expect something, too. There is hardly & club in New York now where, despite rules, the waiters are not extravagantly tipped. The man who owns a car has to tip garage men, trafic policemen, and fee some one for letting him park his car any- where in the streets. Even theater ushers expect money for escorting you to your seat and giving you a program. Women, Too, Must Tip. & New York woman, too, is a ictim of the tipping habit. She has to tip painters and paperhangers to get her apartment properly deco- rated. The girl who makes up a box of candy for her expects a tip. Unless she tips the butcher she can- not get good cuts of meat. Her gro- cerles are always late unless she tips the delivery boy. When she gets her hair dressed the girl must be taken care of. Even the supercilious sales- lady who sells her a gown {sn't above i taking a dollar for the trouble she has been put to. The worst of it is, from the econom- Heard and Seen If you are usec to seeing a man without his hat, the first time you meet him underneath a brim. You may have a hard time recalling him. Thus it was with a local news- paperman, who happened to be stand- ing on the front steps of his' office one morning last week, when an au- tomobile drove up, piloted by a man with bushy white hair. A lady got out, and entered the office, while the man at the wheel began to smile at the man on the steps. The latter took a good look, de- clded he dil not know the man in the automobile, and looked away. The man at the wheel smiled more broad- ly than ever. Finally he started away, breaking into hearty laughter. Later in the day the newspaperman found a note on his desk asking that he call a ocertain number in the De- rtment of Labor. Then it came to im. The man in the car had been Ethelbert Stewart, commissioner of labor statistics! ! called the news gatherer, over the telephone. “That was the first time I had ever seen you With t on, and I couldn’t place you. ‘Hai 'har,” laughed the genial ‘That was one on Why didn't you call my name?” asked the newspaper man. “Har, har, har!” roared Stewart. “That was one or me!" » * ¥ It you want to see positively the reddest carpet In Washington, walk into the office of Postmaster General Work. There it lies, a supreme creation, recalling the palmiest days of the Victorian era, when red carpets, red curtains and red plush vied with one another in making living quarters colorful. His lieutenants say that Dr. Work is fond of the color. The new car- pet out-glows anything in carpets ever seen in the department. @in the recent democratic regime Mr. Burle- son had a red carpet in this outer office, but it was not in the same class with the present covering. With soft, dark green curtains al-) ready at the windows, to diminish the glare of light from the large panes, and the walls to be painted a soft gray, to tone down the carpet, the Postmaster General's anteroom short- 1y will take its place as one of the richest-looking rooms in official life. * * * Looking at some children on a playground, a man who grew up here a few decades ago without any such play place, recalled the days of his youth, when the streets and vacant lots were the children’s only play- grounds. “They were enough, too,” mused the man. “In those days vacant lots, many of them practically whole blocks, were to be found in all parts of the city. No, it wasn't very long ago, either. ‘The lots were covered in summer ‘with tall weed. d in this children could play Indians or jungle ex- plorers to their hearts' content, until an enormous spider happened to chance by. The creature usually put ai | an end to adventure for that day. “Then I remember the rock battles. ©Of course, children magnify every- thing, but as I remember them, the were real battles, with big rocks sa: ing through the air, and sometimes bricks. How it was nobody ever got seriously hurt I do not recal.” Ld * * “It seems to me,” contipued the same man, as he watched the chil- dren on thelr swings, “that the kids of my day led a more fearsome life than those of today. I mean just what I say, that fear entered more into the daily life of children before and after the Spanish-American war, for instance, than it does today.” “As I recall it, no neighborhood in Washington even in the northwest section, was free from a number of queer characters, who were the butt of teasing from children, upon whom they turned with great anger. “It got to be thats children, and, especially the smaller ones, were afraid ev time y saw these halt-simple ~creatures turning _the corner. 1 remember in my neighbor- hood the pet terror was known as ‘Old Boose. The mere mention of that title in his hearing was enough to set him after even the smalle: child with a great sickle which carried. are more forimmt AT tever with, their Aldrenbor todsy --Inzc..'m their hand . bail,- and ic point of view, no adequate sernics s given for the fee received. Ané no matter how big the tips you give, there are always others who give big ger tips than you do, A Hint to American Police. SlR BASIL THOMSON, K. C. B, fod mer head of Scotland Yard, w started his American lecture tour in New York recently, s a much dif- ferent type from the average Ameri- can police official. An Oxford man of culture, he has written several books. He speaks well, and in New York he drew packed houses. One matter he mentioned about Scotland Yard tactics is really worth the serlou= attention of every Amer!- can city. Every police case, not com- pleted, in Scotland Yard is reported in red ink, the co’or serving as a con- stant reminder. A similar system f{n- stalled here might result in fewer unsolved murder mysteries. Cowboys in Soclety. RODEO in Madison Square Gar- den for charity has brought to ew York “Tex” Austin and a group of Texas cowboys, who seem to have caught the fancy of the New York debutantes, and the girl who can get one or more of them to tea or for a dancing partrer considers herself for- tunate. Still another soclety favorite just now 1s Walter Woolf, who sings In *The Lady in Ermine” A wealthy young widow recently announced to her friend. that she would give a beautiful presen to whichever of them could bring him to her house to tea. Evangeline Booth’s Friends. MA NY prominent New Yorkers are ac- AV1 tive in the effort to prevent the) recall of Evangeline Booth from her work as head of the Salvation Army here, among them John Wanamaker, Otto H. Kahn, Finley Shephard end Samuel Untermeyer. The Elks, too, through their magazine, are protesting. Miss Booth herself, like a good soldier. is saying nothing. Her admirers, who often comment on her fit physical con- jdition, may bc surprised to hear that she is one of the best amateur swim- mers and fancy divers in the country Fifty Years Ago ' in The Star Saturday night, November 8, 187_ a fire started in the heart of the bus ness section of Boston Boston Spread with such rapid Fi that in a few hourg it had T€. covered a great area and de- stroyed an immense value in propert;. It was one of the Listoric conflagra- tions in this country, and followir so closely upon the Chicago fire ! caused a general feeling of uneaxi- ness on the part of the American peo- ple lest the cities of the United States were all in danger. The Star of No- vember 12, 1872, thus summarizes 2 results and causes of the fire: “It {s some consolation to know that the latest reports of the con- flagration in Boston are less discour- aging than could have been hoped for from the first dispatches. ‘Tis true that sixty-four acres in the heart of the city have been swept by the flames and 900 Luildings destroyed. at least one-half of them of marblc and granite, among the finest in Bos- ton, erected only five years ago, when the streets were widened; that the burning of these buildings and their valuable contents is a clear loss, at the lowest calculation, of $80,000,000 and that by the disaster 300 fam! have been rendered homeless. Bu there was not such a fearful loss as jn Chicago, and the fire is not = great a loss In_a pecuniary point of view as the Chicago conflagration while it was the bitter fate of thoo- fands in that ity to be homeless fory weeks. : “The Boston fire is mainly a redus tion in wealth, and every mam o> woman who buys shoes and clothing will have to share a portion of the 1oss. Then -again, while many of the structures destroyed were just'y’tha pride of Boston, yet fortunately the) best part of the modern Athens, its stores of antiquity and learning and its historical relics are safe. en. again, the calamity gives the elty ft« chance to lay out its streets stralght- er and wider—had they been wider at first no such conflagration would have been possible—and in a year or two the burnt district, like thoss of Portland. Richmond and Chicago; slil doubtless be the most beautiful and finely improved portion of the Hub Already a meeting of the enterprising citizens has been held, with a view to laying out new streets in the dis- trict, and already some of these same citizens are looking for materials to rebufid. In a year or two the tonians, like the Chicagoans, come to regard o in aisguise, erect a mon corner where it started and hold Dall to celebrate the event. To' be sura, they have no Mrs. O'Leary and 1o incendiary cow, but, then, Bostcr is not Chicago.” The mansard roof, popular as & building feature half a century 8go. was one of the factors sard blamed generally for the Man spread of the fire. That Roofs. (nis, however, was noy considered as a fair indictment of that item of architectural etyle, fs Indi- cated by the following in the san: issue: . wThe mansard roof is catching from all quar:ers as responsible for the great fires in Boston and Chiocago. This may be partially true in view of the construction of the mansard roof in this country, where it is little else than a lumber yard on the top of a house. But mansard roofs, properly constructed of framework of iron and covering of glate, and all the ma- terials fireproof, as proposed In the new State Department bullding, ar~ quite as safs as any other roof. “While the mansard should receive thorough criticism for all its defects, it will not do to make it the scapegoat for other defective points in modern bufldings. Our dwelling houses—even those that appear most substantl ave for the most part weak points about’ them. Among those are tha wooden window frame, the tnterior tudding, lath and plaster, the wooden stalrways, etc, which not only carry the fire from story to story, but fur- nish a flue to increase the flames. The rage for fancy wood for interior decorations, the amount of walnscot- ing, large footboards, heavy woode: trimmings around doors and windows, outside cornices and -windo now in use, must bear their share of bl 1 v hd! pened when various de- house build- are well de- we come to reckon th feotive points of modern. Houses of this class