Evening Star Newspaper, August 27, 1922, Page 27

" THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. U, AUGUST 27, 1922 PART .2 - FAITH IN AMERICA GIVES GERMANS HOPE OF RELIEF ‘Maximilian Harden Says Mad Belief That U. S. Will Cancel Debts Persists; Ra- pgllo Held Worse Than Versailles.. BY MAXIMILIAN HARDEN, Germany's Foremost Publicist. By Cable to The Star. BERLIN, August 26.—The latest dea here is that when the elections in the United States are concluded things European must improve and that despite previous defeat of Ger- man hopes, sunshine must come through the Stars and Stripes. A mad belief exists that when America reaches an economic agreement with Great Britain over eastern Asia and the world's oil distribution, she will cancel her European debts and that England will follow suit! thus con- siderably lessening German repara- tions. state and town budgets will not break down, causes the middle classes, especially brainworkers, to tremble in thinking of the coming winter. All this was not caused by the failure of the London conference or the postponement of the asked for moratorium by un- friendly Paris, but by tardy recognition of the inevitable defeat in the greatest. most cruel and costliest war in_history and by the careless, sterile policy of an inadequate administration waiting, in idle hesitation while cursing the Frehch and whining to the last because of a | wrong idea of the reparations exacted. Poincare is a lawyer and a stubborn constitutionalist and will not move a hand’s breadth from the position out- lined by the parliament mafjority. He believes that le ought not to disarm Germany's monarchist nationalist move- ment while the present German repub- lican government continues the stupidity S of Rapallo, Tchicherin's anti-French | This is due to Balfour's note, de-|speeches favoring the belief that the | #pite the fact that the French|monarchist Gen. von Seeckt is about to | nancial mission froze to death in |conclude an offensive alllance with Shington midsummer heat. | Trotsky, whose visit to Berlin soon is ervbods - should understand that | announced. and of youthful vigor like the ted States, though ready to co- Justice Begins at Home. operate, will not sacrifice a large | Instead of seeking faults of other: tunt of her eapital only to pre- | Which is a bad German habit, we must &erve Germany from the rough treat- ment of her creditors. Germany alone would benefit. Britain and France are fudifferent whether they pay less be vYond the ocean or receive less from inis side. s For years Americans and Germans Englishmen as the originators of all ili, but they now Yupe for salvation from them and decry the French government's asso- tion therewith. The se days can easily believe the ds of Goethe that peoples alway wain children, although these words * eorroborated of democracy. Americans Demnnd Facts. Yot everrbody must try to prepare a fitting_spring for demc The first condition is to . not what demagoguery makes believe are realties. fcan bus men have neither the nor the lination to study the wuenotonous reparations propositions. Whether they present a comedy or a v. they would rather see all cables hah to read the Berlin dispatches 1z Poincare and the French policy. That the dollar buys 1.400 marl that prices are rising heavenward, with reasing tremendously, so_that ry to have notes printed day t ot ank so that Powers In a Struggle Over Perishing Austria «Continued from First Page.) have cursed chronicler would kill off the idea first admit our own mistakes. Why suppress the fact that before the Ra | pallo bomb, limitation of the Rhine oc 1 cupancy was possible? Poincare, speak- ing to the German ambassador, said that Germany must pay reparations losses to civilians, not the military pen- sions. Why is Germany's misfortunes attributed to the Versailles treaty which has not been executed? Why the fact_suppressed that all French cir- cles desire an understanding and colla- boration with Germany today? Why is this? | terror hinders almost everybody from daring to utter a word that would bring understanding to the French mind. Wirth always is meaning to fulfill the desired terms, but cannot, so -he calls to the world: “Germany’s on her death- bed”; and wonders then why there is no response from badly libeled land: 1t is true that Germany is not recover- ing her export trade. but her people, Because the nationalist | who support themselves plentifully with agricultural ‘pursuits, all live, and, with France, will seek a new humble type of European economy from our own strength. When, that time comes America’s help will be unfailing. The | real service which the great republic is unable to give today will come. T rec- ognize that today, more than ever, jus- | tice begins at home. (Copyright. 1922. {Central American Union Prospects Are Brighter | i (Continued from First Page.) v. no mattef how valu- steps might be to Austria. silles treaty precludes such cventuality, while France, through the instrumentality of the littie en- tente. which she espoused to prevent the growth of German influence. will wver stand guard against any union f the Teutonic peoples. France would in the slightest degree loath ing a direct rapprochement -nna if, on the other hand. the could, through financial ad- nees. gain_ paramount political In- *iience within_ Austria. thereby for- ever killing all agitation looking to- ward union of the Teutons, so long adve snd plotted by Ludendorff. Tris is indleated by the French invi- ‘hanceilor Seipel to visit pfer with French foreign vith Trench Tee officials in regard to the gen- cral situation and with a view to les- sening the moral and social hazards involved in Austria’s present plight. Opposition From Italy. Though France at the moment is diligently maneuvering to strengthen her political influence throughout Eu- rope and to hedge Germany about with friends of France, in order to preclude Germany's aggression in fu- ture years, it is becoming plain that the French are to meet strong oppo- sition. and this will com& from Italy. Ttaly is the natural enemy of the Austrians, wars through past cen- turies bearing mute witness, but it is a known fact that Ttaly would today extend ald to the Austrians and strive to save the situation If given a free and. Foreign Minister Shanzer, in London, a few weeks back said the Jtalian army would be used if neces- sary to prevent Austria’s union with Germany. Italy today is suspicious of France's endeavor to bring the Austrians with- in the little entente, which in large yeasure is influenced by France. Jtather than See Austria become a ~assal to Balkan interests inimical +. Italy. Ttaly herself would succor viie peoples from whom she has suf- fered most. Though it has been an- I the rescue of Austria and that the Tike of Aosta will become viceroy, ®uch reports can not be given cred- Py 72in to be further and prolonged alash between French and Italian in- terests before any settlement fs seached. The known antipathy of the French and TItalians will not in the <t ease the present situation. In Fact. it will heighten the conflict that Furely will rage. Suspect Allled Promines. Tt s significant that Chancellor feipel of Austria should first turn to $:erlin, Prague and Rome for a solu- gion to the present plight of the Aus- grians rather than to Parls or London. A< a matter of fact, after two years ¥ fruitless promises from the allies, #he Austrians expect no direct sup- port whatever from Parls and London. 9n fact, they suspect that the foreign ©fces of England and France are §eady to premit Austrian collapse in brder to further their own individual ends. This suspicion is particilarly Wirected against France, and 1t is jnore than likely that Itallan purposes kil be furthered by this very an- Mipathy. Notwithstanding the fact Jhat the Italians took a great section B7 the Tyrol from the Austrians un- ©or the treaties of peace and brought blout union of hundreds of thousands &7 Itallans and Germans with King Nictor's realm, enmity created there- v is subsiding in favor of further stension of Italian influence. It is iwh.vad in Vienna that Austria at ~ast would gain a square deal from he Itallans. At least, there would \. less liability of clashes with the tle entente, which, to say the least, suspeoted of keen desires in the ay of gopbling and dividing the Whola of Austria. The fact that the ustrians have small fear of Italian approchement is indicated by the tatements of Count Czernin, the ost far-seeing statesman in Austria oday, who declares financial and eco- omis union with Italy Is to be de- ired above all others, and this is uch for the venerable Austrian iatesman to say, for he long has hampioned union with Germany. While the peoples of Austria are tarving, while industry and enter- rise have resolved themselves into Snad fight for mere existence, the urrounding countries are advancing dividualistic interests. But in all egotiations, plottings and counter ehemings the essential fact remains K5t without league of nations inter- orence in Austria or direct action rorn other unexpected sources the ontest”to gain the upper hand in France-and Italy, Jounced in Rome that Ttaly will go | at the moment, for thers is cer—l i i this hope on the fact that the pro- {posed conference would approach the union from a new standpoint, that of first cementing the commer- cial ties between the republics, im- proving thelr communications and standardizing their forms of ex-l change before attempting to form a poiitical union. Heretofore the pro- position has been approached from the latter standpoint, with disas- trous results in every case. While there has as yet been no of- ficial announcement, it is stated on | i very good authority that the con- | ference will be held here in Wash- ington at the invitation of the United !States government. Free from an lalmusphere which might be strained because of national jealousies and home politics, the conference, it is I believed, probably would accomplish more in Washington than in a Cen- tral American capital, while the ad- | vantages of receiving at first hand fthe good offices of the United States, f requested, would count for much. Two Yet to Sign. Glatemala and Costa Rica the treaty which was renewed last week between their neighbor republics. But it is not considered probable that Guate- mala and Costa Rica will remain outside this new agreement, espe- cially in view of the fact that the | United States played the part of in- i formal host at the gathering which resulted in renewing the treaty to which they were former signatories. And the door has been left open for them to enter merely by signifying their desire. But until Guatemala and Costa Rica decide to enter the agreement there’s the chance fom the slip 'twixt the cup and the lip. It will be remeribered that not a vear ago evervthing was set and walting for the final ceremonies which would proclaim the existence of the Central American union, But Nic- aragua, in this case, and Costa Rica were holding out. The union was to be formed by three other republics— Guatemla, Honduras and Salvador— notwithstanding, _and everything looked lovely. Without warning ! came a revolution in Guatemala. The | Gtfatemala minister to the United States, who was to have been presi- dent of the new union, became a political exile, and plans for the union went to smash, as they have been doing systematically every now and then for the last hundred vears. So far, have not signed BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 26: The British Empire—As Michael Collins, head of the provisional government of the Irish Free State, was returning to Cork from an inspection trip south of that city, accom- panied by twenty officers and men, his party was attacked from ambush by about 200 ir- regulars. After an hour's fight the latter, having to deal with the very pick of the Irish army, were driven off, but at the end of the struggle Collins was shot through the head ond died within a few minutes. This astonishing young man (he was only thirty-one when he died) seems fully to have deserved his reputation for personal prowess and resourcefulness, for magic of personality, for Integrity, for combined strength and charm of character. He seems destined to go down in history and legend g the greatest of Irish national heroes. Already in his lifetime a legendary Collins cycle. was well forward. No nation ever had juster cause for lament than Ireland ip Collins' taking off. but I see no justification for despair of adequate leader- ship in succession to Collins and Griffith ‘Muleahy temporarily heads the army and Cos- grave the provisional government. They are both able men and helieved to be stanch for fulfillment of the London agreement. and it is generally presumed that they will be con- firmed in their present positions by the pro- visional parliament when it meets at last—it is now scheduled to meet on Sentember 9. Indeed. it fs not fantastic to hold that the assassination of Collins (for. though not tech- nteally, it really was assassination) may ac tually strengthen the Free State cause by completely discrediting the irregulars. Pres- sure is being brought upon the provisional government to treat the irregulars as out- Iaws, to deny them belligerent rights. but Richard Mulcahy is resolved. it is said. to pursue Collins’ clement volicy. After examination and anproval thereof bv the committee of imperial defense, the British zovernment has adonted a scheme nroposed the air ministry, which calls for 500 airplanes for home defense. Of the 200 squadrons con- templated fifteen would be service squadrons and five would be the beginning of an auxil- iarv force. The scheme does not involve the building of 500 new planes at once. but the building of enough new nplanes at once to create a force of 500 efficient machines. and replacements thereafter as may be required. * % ¥ X Germany.—The reparations commission con- tinues to meek a campromise on the issue of a further moratorium to Germany which shall be acceptable to hoth Poincare and Llovd George. On the 18th Sir John Bradbury, the British member of the reparations commis- sion. and the French head of the committee on guarantees went to Berlin to get “certain necessary information.” It was hoped, ap- parently, to persugde the German government to consent to some of Poincare’s “productive guarantess.” of which he is most tenaciou or to offer pronocitions in lien thereof. The conversations ended on Fridav. This matter of eupreme importance will be followed up in_the next issue Tn a gpeech at Bar-le-Duc on_ the 21st Poincare took » very stronc line, but he did not sav point-blank that France. in case the reparations commission should fail in its quest of a satisfactorv compromise. should at on set on foot independent coercive measur against Germany. On the 24th the mark fell to 2.000 to the dollar. * % ¥ ¥ Austria.—Dr. Seinel. the Austrian chancellor. has been visiting Prague and Berlin, talking over the situation of Austria with members of the Czechoslovakian and German governments. Union with Germany is. of course, out of the ouestion, as Dr. Seipel has been reminded by the French government in a sharp little note. France would have Austria join the little entente. That must have been the main topic of the conversation between Dr. Seipel and The Story the Week Has Told Bines, the great premier of“Czechoslovakia. Cordial acceptance by the little entente (Csechslovakla, Jugoslavia, Rumania and, in & sense, Poland) of Austria as a member In full and equal -t-ndlnr‘ of that interesting and rrnml ng association should go far to happlly molve Austfia's economic problems. and should the connection prove succesatul in the economic sense, it shofild conciliate -the large pan-German element in Austria and still thelr clamors for union with the reich. One _of the main objects of the formation of the little entente was to prevent unfon of Austria with Germany, and the best way to effect that object is to kill with kindness the Austrian denlre for such unfon. One of the chief aims of French policy is aggrandizement of the little entente as a barrler againat Germany. It is to be presumed that the talk of admission of Austrin to the litile entente as & recognized satellite of Czechoslovakla is nonsensé—such a relation could only enhance Austrian desire for union with the reich at the first opportunity. But there {s a difficulty—namely, the atti- tude of Ttaly. Italy is as strongly opposed as any other of the allles, great or little. to union with the reich at the first opportunity. almoat equally opposed to aggrandizément of the little entente, for she sees in such ag- mrandizement extension of the power of France and of that of Jugoslavia, whom, her fears suggest, the other members of the little entente may be expected to support in her con- troversies with Ttaly. Indeed, the Italian government has dispatch- ed n note to the governments of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Jugoslavia and Ru mania. to the effect that elther the fait ac- compli of Austrian union with Germany or that of Austrian entrance into the little en- tente would be regarded by Italy as a casus helli. There is strange talk of Austria becoming a protectorate of Italy, of the Duke of Aosta as viceroy of Austria. 'Austrian pride may have sunk pretty low, but she would hardly consent to that. Shades of Otto the Great. of Leopold _the Glorlous. of Metternich, not that. Seipel, being in Berlin, received an invita- tion from the French government to visit Paris, where doubtless jt was proposed to make every effort to disinfect his mind of jerman taint and win him over to French views. But the Italian note, arriving on the heels of the French note, sent Seipel hot- foot to Verona, Italy, where, at last report, he was in conversation with Signor Schanger, the Ttalian foreign minister. A new situation ob- viously of considerable importance. It is to be noted in this connectiod that a treaty is projected to bind the members of the little entente in intimate union for twenty vears. *ok ok % Russia.—At a meeting some weeks ago in New York of the principal officials of the American Relief Administration it was de- cided to continue food relief to Russia for several months longer at Teast. The chief problem remaining, however, is one of sanita- tion—to check dizease in Russia and to pre- vent its spread out of Russia. Another grand problem is that of the disposition of 1.000,000 children who have been separated from their families and who are under the care of the American Relief Administration. Alrea the American Relief Administration has distributed about $8,000,000 worth of medi- cal supplies in Russia and has inoculated about 10,000,000 people against smallpox. typhoid, cholera and para-typhoid, but the greatest of the scourges is typhus, and. de- spite zealous cxperiments, a serum effective against it _has not vet been discovered. The public health sectioh of the league of nations gives out that in the districts of Russia in- vestigated by it 837,000 cases of typhus were reported up to May 20 Gf this year. as against only 437.000 for the entire year 1921. An article has been inserted in the new soviet criminal code making punishable by one year's forced labor the giving of religious instruction to minors in any educational insti- tution, public or private. The ‘“reformation” of the Russian Church under the auspices of the soviet government is a thing to make the gods laugh sweetly, but. after all, it may fairly be claimed that Lenin is as_holy and unctuous a person a&s was Henry VIIL * % * X ar E: The governments of Great Britain. France and Italy are planning for a conference on the near east questions, to be held in Venice, the conferees to include rep- resentatives of those governments and of the overnments of Greece and of the Constan- inople and Angora Turks. Meanwhile the Turks have resumed hostilities against the Greeks in Anatolia, and doubtless the mas- sacres of civillan Greeks within the Turk- ish lines continue merrily. The allies are 80 busy with the German question and the Austrian question and sundry other little European questions that they cannot effect! ly Intervene in the near east, and, such are their fealousies, doubtless they wouldn't if they could. Why annoy the Turks, who are by way of settling the most important of near east questions in the only effective way— namely, by massacre of all Christianr except those of tender age and by making good Islamites of the latter (and excepting, of course, women suitable for the harem)? * %k %k X China.—The Chinese situation has lately passed through a bewildering series of changes. Bpace is available only for noting faction the latest development. The Canton in the old parliament, reassembled at Pekin, made impossible progress of‘that body, ag tating for replacement of President Li Yuan- Hung by Sun Yat-Sen (who recently fled from Canton to Shanghai). In despair Li Yuan- Hu% has offered to resign in favor of that sinj r person. Sun Yat-Sen is said to have indicated his willingness to accept the presi- dency, on condition that Wu Pei-Fu and Chang Tso-Lin first compose their differences. Of course, Barkis is willing. * ¥ Kk ¥ United States of Ameriea—The President's two mediatory efforts to end the shopmen's strike having failed, officials of the five train service brotherhoods constituted themselves @ so-called mediation committee and took a hand. They conferred with a committee of raflway executives, who, in turn, referred their oropospls to a meeting . executives, who, in turn, feferred their proposals to a meeting of executives of the 148 chief railroads of * the country, held in New York on the 23rd. The outstanding proposal was essentially the same as the outstanding one of the Pres! dent's first set of proposals—namely, that “all employes on strike be returned to work and to their former positions with seniority and other rights unimpaired.” The answer of 147 executives was “no.” A finish fight, then, pre- sumably. The operators of bituminous unionized mines who held aloof from the Cleveland conference are fast falling in line and signing supple. mentary agreements on the Cleveland basis. It is expected that by the end of this week the bituminous output will be normal. On the other hand, the prospect of an anthracite set- tlement is more gloomy than ever, five days of negotiation having resulted only in increased bitterness. Congress is now properly aroused over the anthracite situation, so much so that on Thursday Senator Walsh offered a joint resolution authorizing the President to take over and operate the anthracite mines. The resolution has been referred to the committee on interstate commerce. There is a strong possibility of such legislation and of similar legislation concerning inefficient railroads. Senator Cummins has introduced a bill in the Senate intending to regulate coal prices and coal distribution through priority orders is- sued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, the latter's powers being temporarily extend- ed for that purpose. Enactment of legisla tion creating a government fact-finding coal commission seems certain. * %k ¥ * Miscellaneous.—It will be recalled that sev eral weeks ago Mussolini, head of the fascisti, ordered, or was reported to have ordered, the demobilization of the fascisti throughout Italy. Whether the order was not fully carried out or there have been new mobilizations does not appear. At any rate, several instances of activity by armed fascisti detachments have recently been reported, including seizure of the port of Naples after “storming.” There seems to be some doubt, after all, whether Enver FPasha, that twenty-four- carat scoundrel, is &ead. Another revolution in Guatemala. The revo- lutionists win. The president flees the country. Retrained Disabled Veterans Are Earning Higher Average Pay Than Before the War NCREASE of $330 in the average earnings of a large group of typical wounded soldlers who - have been retrained for work other than that which they followed before the war is pointed to by the Veterans’ Bureau in a comprehensive study and comparison of rehabilita- tion and pensions in America and other nations as conclusive argument that retraining pays. The average was raised from $1,155 to $1,485. “Can any one question the wisdom of the original policy of Congress,’™ says a statement from the bureau, “in reconstructing this human sal- vage of the war into happy, salary- earning taxpayers, rather than rele- gating them to a soldlers’ home or leaving them forever dependent on a government disability pension? From the cold, cruel angle of dol- lars and cents the bureau believes that to retrain wounded soldiers is cheaper than to pay them pensions. Even as this is written, dispatches hint of a revolution in Guatemala which may restore the government overthrown last winter. Prospects for Success. But from the beginning this new eftort on the -part of the Central American republics augurs well. First, the step was taken under cir- cumstances which indicated the sym- pathetic interest of the United States. Secondly, plans have been made for a conference in Washing- ton which will be held while the memory of the successful outcome of the Chilean-Peruvian negotiations is still a fresh example of what can be accomplished around the confer- ence table, and. third, the terms of an agreement reached in Washing- ton are going to be such that no country can afford to fail in their enforcement. The puropse of the treaty of peace and friendship signed by the Cen- tral American republics in Wash- ington fiteen years ago was to set- tle amicably “all differences which have been disturbing elements in Central Americs. For some time the validity of the treaty had been open to dispute, and it was at the instance of President Chomorro that its terms wele renewed. So far, except for brief cablegrams, the 'reports re- celved by the diplomats here have been confined to Associated Press dispatches. Take a Dose and i Live to Be 150 A Swiss doctor now says he has a serum that not only cures tuberculosis, but enables the patient to.live 150 years. One might object that coming just at the time when an American savant has decided that the world will end in a giant earthquake next fall, and another American professor is doing | his best to blow it to pleces with an ! explosive atom, ‘this remedy for theé shortness of our days is a bit late. And, anyhow, people will not take much stock in it until it has been demonstrated. A French writer says if the good doctor tries to sell him any of the stuff he will reply: “Come back in 160 years-and we'll talk about it _ T A Civil War Comparison. For instance, if a man who lost both hands in the civil war were liv- ing today, says the bureau, he would have recelved from the government in pensions a total of $53,338, accord- ing to a scale presented by the Car- negie endowment. “Not only was he entitled to this amount in pensions, says the bureau statement, but at the same time he would not have been a producer. Do not think for a mo- ment that he was not justly entitled to every cent of it. Any man dis- abled in the defense of his country is a creditor of society for a perma- nent benefit conferred on it. But had this same man been dis- abled In the world war, the bureau goes on to explain, “it would have been possible under our rehabilita- tion program to re-educate him to a new profession, as has been done in many cases, and that man could agaln be a factor in economic production and seif-supporting. There are men in just that condition who have been restored to an earning capacity in ex- cess of their pre-war wage. 108,000 Now in Training “There are now more than 108,000 disabled veterans in training in tho rehabilitation division of the Vet - erans’ Bureau being trained in 3,228 educationul institutions. - Approxi- mately 16,000 have completed voca- tional training. More than 15 per cent are in training in agriculture, most of whom were farmers previous to their enlistment. Their disabili- ties prevented -them from returning to the heavy,farm labor, and they are being retrained along agricultural lines for executive or expert Dosi- tions. ""The employment of veterans who have completed their vocational training has been a source of diffi- culty in all countries having a re- habilitation program. “n England employment has been attempted through a patriotic appeal. The various industries and trades have been allotted a percentage of |disabled employes which they were expected to employ. If the industry empployed' the number of disabled vet. erans allotted to it, such an industry would be placed on the ‘King's rol This form of obtaining employment has not been altogether satisfactory. and the soldiers’ organizations .in England have urged the government to establish a form of compulsory employment of the disabled. _ “The labor ministry. of Great-Brit- ain objected to such legislation on the ground that a disabled veteran who had a government statute behind him might be inclined to depend on such a statute for his employment and thereby disrupt the morale of the other employes. “In Germany the System of com- pulsory employment of disabled sol- diers is established. Each industry is required by statute to employ a certain percentage of disabled Vet- erans. This percentage is based on a survey made of that country's in- dustries, and is founded on the num- ber of disabled emploves which a business organization should absorb.” Voluntary System Here. In the United States. it is explained by the Veterans' Bureau, the employment system has been established on neither of the above plans, but on voluntary employment, organized and paid for by the government, free to the disabled man and employer * alike. t is a means,” gays the statement, “of bring- ing the vocationally trained veteran and the employer together.” By contrast, the efforts of European governments in caring for their war wounded 8 most enlightening as com- pared with the elaborate system of com- pensation, claims, insurance and re- habilitation now in force in America. “In_France, after the hundred-year war, “says the Veterans' Bureau, “there were thousands of disabled soldiers who were taken care of by the monasteries as the only measure of relief. The state, therefore, was not compelled to contribute to their support. Under various monarchs small parcels of land were granted, or a service pension of uncertain duration. This idea of grant- ing land has always possessed our own legislators, and ‘land grants’ were given to the veterans of the revolutionary and civil wars. Preference in land open- ings has been given in some states to the veterans of the late war. No certain or systematic relief existed in France until Richelieu opened the Hotel des Invalides, which exists to this day. However, even this scheme did not recognize the dependent widow and orphans, nor was there any attempt to rehabilitate these in- valids and make them independent producers. Care Givem to Orphans. “The French revolution resulted in a more liberal recognition of the dis- abled. The families of soldiers who were formerly not considered were now entitled to assistance. Children of these veterans were educated, but the veteran himself was not re-edu- cated to a new trade. “The French pension law of 1831, intended for the regular military es- tablishment as a retiring pension, exists today without any radical modification. It has the graduated Ydisability feature determinable by the soldier’s rank. “In England before the breakdown of the feudal system, the lord of the manor recognized the obligation. to support the disabled soldier and his fami': “Coiea Hospital, established in 1690, is to Englafld what the Hotel des Invalides is to France and what the pension office and_Veterans' Bureau are to the United States. “Not until after the Crimean war did Great Britain ever grant 2 pen- sion to widows_and orphans. Private relief societies were organized to carry on part of the work. In Germany and Austria four- fifths of the pensions went to the commissioned officers. -In Germany port of S. H. Perkins of the United States sanitary commission, the vet- erans were given preference in sub- ordinate government positions, where- upon the pension ceased. In Germany, too, there exlsted no agency for re- training the war's disabled. First American Pensioners. “In 1639 the Plymouth colony pass- ed a law to the effect that every man who was disabled in the war against the Indians should be taken, care of by the colony. Similar laws were enacted by other colonies at later periods. “In August 1776, the Continental Congress passed a law providing half-pay for all men who were dis- abled In the service. It was never carried out because Congress had no funds at that time. However, it had the desired effect of stimulating re- cruiting. “No effort was made to re-educate or reconstruct the disabled veterans of our revolutionary, Mexican or civil wars. Pensions were given or bounties of land granted. According to the report of the pension com- missioner for 1917, $2.754,974,108 has been spent for disability pensions since 1860. “In Italy the program of voca- tional training met with many diffi- culties and obstacles in its {nagura- tion. Prior to-the war Italy had no system of vodational training and therefore it was necessary for the Italian government to inaugurate an entirely new program: In Germany, however, a vocational training pro- gram for those who had been dis- abled in industry was in operation long before the world war, and it was only necessary to take this sys- tem Qver for those who were dis- abled" in the war. Italy was also handicapped by the fact that there were mo factories for the manufac- ture of prosthetic appliances as all Such appliances had been imported from Germany. It was therefore necessary for the Italian govern- ment to encourage ers to produce artificlal limBs, and was also necessary for the Italian gov- ernment to supplement these private endeavors by a government plant for the manufacture of such appliances. U. S. System Highly Developed. The' re-educational advantages of- fered by America, however, the Vet- erans’ Bureau explains, were never enjoyed by veterans of other wars in this or any other'country. “The same plan,” says the bureau,” was inaugurated in England by the pen- sions’ ministry in May, 1918, followed by Canada and France, but -in neither of these countries has it reached the high development of our own rehabilitation program. In Ger- many this problem is left in a large measure to private initiative and char- ity and is merely an expansion of the private rellef for the industrial cripples. “In the United States, however, there had been in operation for a few years previous to our declara- tion of war, the Federal Board for Vocational Education. This board was engaged in the encouragement of vocationa] training through a form of federal and state aid. This voca- tional training was limited to those who were disabled in industry and to the other vocational training projects which had developed during the past quarter of a century in this country. This board also encour- aged domestic science. “When .the rehabilitation of the disabled vetefans was first inaugu- alsc about 1863, according-to-the re- rated through: legislation, -the ad-| rrlvne m;nuhc!us; i ministration of the act was placed in the hands of this vocational board, the training program for_ the dis abled veterans being placed in a di- vislon of this board known as the rehabilitation division. “This division was made a part of the United States Veterans' Bureau under the act of August, 8. 1921 (known as the Sweet bill), which con- solidated all soldier relief agencies. “Economy” Is Felt By Madame Curie The wave of economy that has re- sulted in the abolishment (thus far only on paper) of 50,000 government employes in France has hit Mme. Curle rather hard. Mme. Curie is a hard-working gov- ernment employe herself, being a pro- fessor in the faculty of sciences. Her radium laboratory has done perhaps more than any other single institution in France for the international re- nown of French sclence. Americans will remember her re- cent trip to America when she was be used in continuing her researches and in spreading their valuable re- sults throughout the world. One of the great obstacles that she has always had to contend with has been a shortage of qualified assist- ants. And now the economy wave has swept into her laboratory and threat- ens to sweep out one of her already insufficient staff. ‘This is a penny-wise, pound-foolish proceeding, one would think. It would 1indeed be a shame of international proportions if to save a few hundred dollars a year Mme. Curie’s own pro- ductivity should be ocut down. The suggestion is heard that Amer- icans interested in her work furnish the necessary funds for putting her laboratory on an efficient basis if state appropriations are lacking. Romance Attends 3 5 Limerick’s Bells According to the London Post, Lim- erick, where the Irish rebels had their headquarters, has one of the most beautiful peals of bells in the world. They were made in Italy by a young workman, who, after the toil of many years, produced a peal of bells which ‘were 80 perfect in tone that even his critical judgment was satisfied. The bells were hung in a neighbor- ing convent, but in the course of years war swept across that part of the land, and the bells were lost. Mis: fortune overtook the bell-founder, and he left his native land, wandering 1about the world for years. Then, hear- ing that his bells had been taken to Limerick, he set out to hear their | sweet tones once again. As his vessel sailed up the Shannon, borne upon the evening afr from the towers of the cathedral came the music of his bells. He went forward and sat, listening, his gaze fixed upon the distant ca- thedral, but when the vessel came to anchor and they went to rouse him he ‘was de: given the priceless gram of radium to | TARDIEU SCORNS RUMORS OF GERMAN ALLIANCE “Germany Must Pay France by Digging Down,” He Asserts, “And Money Must : Come From b Own Pocket. : BY ANDRE TARDIEU, Former French High Commissioner to the United - States. By Cable to The Star. PARIS, August 26.—One reading the papers might think France was mad over the question of a direct agreement with Germany which it is pretended will solve the reparations problems. Rest assured, there is nothing in it. Some of it is literature and there also is an attempt to revive a condemned policy. The end of the London conference Was a new proof that our relations with England are exactly our rela- tions with Lloyd George. The unsatis- factory results were sufficient to initiate among people who write without thinking the thought: “There is no progress in talking with Great ‘Britain; let's talk with Germany direct.” The possibility of such talk de- veloped when Hugo' Stinnes in the German press takes the attitude of a man imposing conditions. 1 dare not affirm this sufficiently to make the impulsive people who write re- flect, but serious people will under- stand. Scores Callinux Followers. _ Besides the impulsives the follow- ing of Joseph Calliaux, whose strength is inconsiderable, are active in advocating a German alliance. They tried this before during the war when they advocated a peace without victory. This caused Calliaux’s con- demnation and the suspension of his civil rights. The group also an- nounces the coming trip to Russia of M. Herriot, official leader of the party which Callilaux really leads. They desire to substitute a Moscow- Berlin policy for that which has ac- tuated France since 1809. The French masses are too sensible to be drawn into such paths. Despite last_year's mistakes, partly the fault of Paris government's unpardonable weakness and Lloyd George's meg- alomania, we preserve tender mem- ories of the English brotherhood of arms and we recall also that, until 1919, France and Great Britain were allies without sacrificing the dignity of their respective interests. 3 benefits are possible from the sug- gested Calliaux policy. “Germany Must Pay.” Germany must pay France. She must extract the money from her pocket. Germany resists obstinately. Economic agreements between French and German industries are discussed There is nothing against this, but it remains to be seen whether any such method would provide a plan for pro- viding payments. Behind it all. however, is the effort to create a solidarity of special in- terests which later would serve against France's Versailles claims Therein lies a trick not to pay rather than an effort to meet honest ohliga- tions. It is wise to take warnin, Moreo what could be France's political relations with Germany on a basis of this understanding. where- of the object prudently s concealed? It would be futile from a reparations standpoint, while the political view- point musi be obvious as preparing to return to a continental bloc sys- tem. Such a bloc, with Germany in the center. having In twenty years' time 39,000,000 inhabitants more than France, would be equivalent to Ger- man supremacy in Europe resulting sooner or later in war against Eng- land. Wise Frenchmen cannot ac- cept any such hypothesis. Instead, there will be devised a peaceful and energetic French policy which will be respected by England and which can compel Germany to pay her debts. It will aim at a Franco-British alliance and, while cannot say it is near, I can say that sooner or later it will arrive. (Copyright, 1922.) German Opinion Is Divided as To Entering League of Nations The German press holds widely varying opinfons about the desirabil- ity of entering the league of nation. when the opportunity arrivés, as it is expected to do at the coming meeting of the league's assembly. In general the democratic and socialist papers are favorable to it, but the monarch- ist and reactionary press sees no ad- antage in the step. Dr. Karl Maser writes in the na- tionalists Germania in opposition, and takes the tone that if the entente is now ready to admit Germany it is not through any love for the Germans, but because the league needs Ger- many more than Germany needs the league. He admits that there may be certain practical advantages—right to appeal to the league in case of dis- putes, etc, but adds: “Is it befitting Germany's rank to solicit a place that has been accorded freely to the smallest and most in- significant states? Do not her popula- tion and economic and moral develop- ment entitle her to demand a place on the council, which is far more im- portant than the assembly There can be no doubt about the answer to this, seeing that Germany had the role of a great power at Genoa. “Can Germany be denied at Geneva what she had at Genoa? Is it not pro- voking and illogical to force Germany to beg for a position that Liberia and Hait! have had for three vears? A people must not lower itself. Ger- many cannot enter unless she is guar- As I See It (Continued from First Pzge.) troversy will have its political state- ment, and then bang will go the old parties of the world and new issues will_come. New liars will appear. Fresh” spasms of yvearning for the un- attainable will rock our public institu- tions, and we shall compromise on the attainable and be happy. And all be- cause a_group of biologists examining a multitude of microscopic exhibits tucked gafely under cover slips on little glass slides have agreed that life cells trans- mit characteristics inimitably, and that our fates are in our blood. The people Iwon‘t know this. The politicians won' jeven dream of it. But the angels who watch our destinies and keep the sluices open in the irrigation ditches of life that we call the moving tides of long events—these angels will know the truth and get their compensatory smiles from the knowledge. “She was a Discreet and Innocent Woman," protested the friend of a tady who was bedecking the first pages of our newspapers the other day. How often, indeed. is discre- tion the better part of innocence in these hectic times. s Bl The Fide nnlged 2 permanent place on the coun- cil. But as the prospects ofYthis are small, says the writer, “Germany has only to wait. Time is not working agalnst us. Unless all signs fail, the barriers will soon fall. We can and must wait till then.” Dr. Fritz Klein writes in similar vein in the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, saying that “Germany s the greatest nation in Europe, if Russix is considered an Asiatic nation, and no place but one of equality befits us. Our demand must be submitted to no condition and no vote. On the other hand. the liberal Frankfurter Zeitung publishes an ar- ticle by Gen. von Deimling, urging adhesfon, first because Germany will then be in a better position to defend her rights and interexts; secondly, be- cause she can then take up with the league the questions of Danzig. of the Saare and of her lost colonies The general continues: “But_here is the principal reason By entering the league we can show that distrust of us, now so prevalent. i unjustified, and that we are truly ready to co-operate with the rest of Europe. Our adhesion would inspire confidence, our refusal distrust. Now we need the confidence of other na- tlons, without whose collaboration and help we cannot emerge from our distress. “For all these reasons it would be a great mistake not to present our application before the September meeting. Tt is high time to act now Germany must enter immediately into the league of nation: up any marvel that would be con- sidered a miracle. An Old-Timer Gone. EVLR since men first collected in villages and brought their horses |and cows and sheep with them men have come in from the country hay lands selling hay. The hay market is almost as old as thé wheel in the life of man. In every American town. since the white man settled on the continent, some side street has been devoted to the country man who came to town with a load of hay. This country man has been the subject of personal paragraphs in the local newspaper for 200 years. He is a news source for reporters who want to know about crop conditions. The load of hay is the symbol of com- merce between the town and the country, and the hay market was the common meeting place of agriculture and business. And without due notice in writing the hay market is gone. And with its going an ancient institution has disappeared. The horse has gone from the town The cow has disappeared. The auto- mobile refuses hay and the truck chews no cud. So an institution as old as Ninevah and Tyre, a meeting place of urbanity and rusticity, sud- denly has been wiped off the map of civilization. Some one should erect the windy, shabby side street. on HE two strikes in fuel and trans- | here the hay market once stood, & portation, which dislocated Amer- strikers billions in wages. was only the first They cost the owners of the railroads and the mines millions in profits. of the strikes. Farmers, who lost perishable products, paid millions more. Grain growers, whose market ‘was broken by the l1ack of transporta- ition; laborers, whose day’s work was reduced because of shortage in fuel and transportation, lost millions more. And consumers of hundreds of neces- sary articles, who paid the tax impos- ed by paralyzed industry upon com- merce, will lose millions more, and that tax will be collected all fall and far into the winter. Well could we, as American citizens, have put up the |strikers and their families at the best hotels in their towns and pald their board if they had gone on work- ing. The fiddler's bill for these strikes is & tax that no man can escape. Every one pays it. And the public interest in these industrial quarrels makes them public matters. The strike in industry is not a private affair. It must come under public control. The worker and his master have no right to brawl at the public expense. We are a smart people—we Americans. And we could solve this problem if we would only think about it. But when we ing about it, we are merely trying to rationalize our prejudices; trying to make our set and confirmed beliefs justify some theory. Until we abondon’ our prejudices and begin honeng in- Quiring for the truth, for some teally sensible, new and possibly revolu- tionary but workable way to settle this tangle, the fiddler will keep bringing in one bill after another for these fool industrial jazz dances until we are bankrupt and civilization is Kone to rot. With oll these marvels of science that are thrilling the human race , it will De dificult to MNB . o 10 think ican commerce this summer, cost the ”’-y But this| rocks in his load and the sturdy citi- cost of the strike.!zen who lied about his need of hay The { dealer skins them both. millions in profits and wages were |order changeth lest still hut a small per cent of the cost |Should corrupt the w think we are think- fensible larceny on the list. commemoration tablet: “Here for 000 years and more men bought Here the honest farmer with to cut each the auto So_ the old one good custom orld.” mgt and gently tried other's throats, and now Four hundred thousand dollars is the sum which one of our gentleman bruisers has offered to another gentleman bruiser if the asecond gentleman 1will stand up in_a prize ring and let the first bruiser beat him up. It looks like easy money. Bu! all easy moncy is hard. If you doubt it, ask the man who married it. Sugar. HE tariff is always a back scratch. For giving the sheep- men the right to rob us on wool, the sheepmen give the beet sugar men a right to rob us, and the beet sugar men give the farmers a right to take theirs, and the farmers help the cot- ton mill owkers to gouge us, and they in turn, help the dye makers to hold us up and they all turn their backs ° while the lumbermen turn our pock- ets wreng side out. If just ose rok- ber could be dragged out of tF-p con- spiracy it would fail to get éhough votes to be effective. The sugar tariff fs the mos. inde- ge- should not the American people begin trying to kick out that stone of the arch of the home of forty thieves. A generation ago we had a lot of *Jugar senators,” and thelr iniquity broughi about the direct election of United States senators. Surely sugar is as sweet as it ever was, and surely the sugar senators today are as brazen as their predecessors. Why not take a shot at them? This is the open season. Th’s is the time to shoot the pianist who' really is doing his worst. Recalling a certain scrap of paper eight years ago: It may be well to remember that today it tokes more than o thousend German marks te