Evening Star Newspaper, August 27, 1922, Page 26

_EVENING STA THE, . ASHINGTON, D. C. S AY . ...August 27, 1022 THEODORE W. NOYES. ..Editor The l&nglgg Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. :Nem York Office: 150 Nassau St. Chicago Oofée: First National Bank Building. Européan Ofice: 3 Regent St.. London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delfvered by carrlers within the city cents per month; Sunday only, ders may be sent by 5000 Collection is made by end of cach month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Paily and Sunday..1 Dally onl. 1 Daily and Sunday. Dally only Sunday onl Before-the-War Standards. Congressional or other critics of the big budget the District Commissioners proposed for the coming fiscal year should bear in mind a fact that is aptly 1illustrated by one item alone. that of the repair and maintenance of suburban streets. Refore the war £150,000 would do a certain amount of that sort of work. Today it would re- quire $225.000 to do as much. Why? Begause ajl prices are higher, material and labor. In this cage the advance is 50 per cent. Now suppuse the Commissioners ask for $225.000 for the maintenance of suburban roads. and get only $150,000, the sum alloted in 1917. They can do only about half as much for it as they did in 1917. And there are more sub urban strects to care for and the standard of maintenance is or should be higher and the use is greater. They should be in a position to do half again as much work as they did in 1917, Tl consideration applies to prac tically all items of the District budget Costs have increased all along the line. The government is finding this true in its own affairs. It cannot run its departments and bureaus on the same scale as in 1917 with the same money. It has had to increase the al- lotments or cut off services. But when i* comes to the maintenance of the capital municipality it demurs that ton much is asked and not so much can be spent. although 60 per cent of what is spent comes out of the pockets the people of the District. who are e it spent upon the nec of eapital upkeep and de- of cager to sary we velopmen Why not regard the District budget As everv: business establishment re- gards its annual estimates of main- tenance, on a business basis—so much work to be done to keep up to estab- lished standards. so much gain in ac- -omplishment due to increased busi- ness, so much for amortization or de- preciation. so much to make good ar- rears of past neglect. No commercial institution could survive a yvear-after- vear eurtailment of necessary funds for "expansion and maintenance. It would suffer from strikes, trade, from shrinkage in values, from loss of credit. Let the District have what it needs, and measyre those needs upon the yardstick of experience. Take the mat- ter of schools. Everybody knows they are crowded because there are not enough buildings, crowded until they are not functioning properly and chil- dren are not being properly taught. At least $5,000,000 should be appro- priated for new structures in the bill to come, to he followed by another $5,000,000 a year later, and perhaps an equal sum the year following. That is a matter of common knowledge. But the budget bureau. squeezing down the District j full-fledged executive department, in- sists upon cutting the school items in the bill, and the prospect is that when the bill is finally written and passed this stringent policy will result in a bhare million or less for school in- creases, perhaps not enough to care for the immediate annual addition to the school population. The hope is that the item of sub- urban roads, which so vividly illus- trates the danger of framing the Dis trict budget according to the terms of “hefore the war,” will be recognized as typieal and the truth will be realized that the District cannot be maintained properly or decently upon such a basis. —————————— Objection to the idea of paternalism in government is strong, but many citizens ‘would prefer a paternalism that can keep the boys from neglect ing work and making life uncomforta- ble for evervbody. —_———— The issue bétween the unions and the executives’ association now ap- pears to be who is to blame for the | failure to come .to an agreement. Twenty-Six to Twenty-Three. Memories of old-time base ball games are revived by the contest just staged in Chicago between the Cubs and the Phillies of the National League, which was won by the former by the as- tonishingly large score of 26 to 23. Four or five decades ago such scores were frequent. Teams often piled up thirty runs apiece in a game. When the sport was a bit older, in the sixties of the past century, the average game ran for three and even sometimes four hours. The Chicago game Friday ran for three hours and one minute. Just in contrast may be taken the game played here in Washington Thursday, ‘when the result of 1 to 0 was accom- plished in one hour and twenty-six minutes. « Big-scote ‘games are the result of heavy batting. In the Chicago contest ,Friday the Cubs made twenty-six hits with a total of forty-three bases, and the Phillles twenty-five bits with a total of thirty-three bases. The win- ners made ten runs in one inning and fourteen runs in another. The losers made eight runs in the eighth and six runs in the ninth, coming up strongly from behind and nearly tying the score. There were compayatively few errors, considering the length of the same and the hard hitting, four by Philadelphia and five by ‘Chicago. This game will doubtless bring. out the “dope’ of the game in the past, ‘when ‘the catchers steod back at a dis- 2 s R, from lost | as if it were a | tance until the final stage of pitching to a batter or mén were on bases, be- fore the curve ball was evolved, before anybody had ever heard of the “hit- and-run," before “Johnny" Ward in- vented the sacrifice, when gloves were small, before masks or chest protectors were used, when big bats were in order, when . a pitcher had to give nine “balls” to grant a batsman his base free. It will be well to'have these old-time rules brought back to recollection, so that the present generation of base ball attendants may appreciate the great changes that have come in the national sport. The game as it is played nowadays, as a rule, is a much more highly perfected sport than in those times, when 26-to-23 scores were common and a base ball game lasted often quite as long as a cricket match. ——————— The Anti-Gambling Law on Trial. I Since March 15, 1921, the Washing- ton police have arrested 147 persons for gambling, mostly race track gam- bling. Of these 147 persons eighteen only have received sentences in court. Eleven cases have been nolle prossed. Three of the accused have died. That would leave 115 cases undisposed of in court. In eighteen months! That means one for every four days, one race gambler going free without any penalty, free to scoff at the law, to continue his practices, to draw fresh victims into his net. to squeeze more money out of the needy and to impose more suffering upon those whose pro- viders squander their substance in the betting joints. 3 These figures present vividly the sad state of the court calendar in respect ito the prosecution of these cases. They lare offcially presented to the Commis- sioners by the chief of palice, to indi- cate how hopeless it has been hereto- fore to effect the enforcement of the law in the District. 1t is now promised that the gam- ibling cases will have precedence in court, beginning a very few days {hence. As soon as the Police Court jury returns from its vacation the | process will be started. 1t must not he rushed, however, to the point of dls- regard for the proof. There is nothing to be gained by a mere clearance of the calendar, regardless of the merits of the cases. It is more important to convict two or three gambiers as an evidence of the efficacy of the law when aroused than to sweep the docket clean. For it has been the boast of the {bookies that no Washington Jjury !\\'uu!(l convict in a gambling case. Let | this be determined. The cases will be | closely watched. The evidence wilk be | weighed by the public as carefully as {the jury will weigh it. The law itselt { will be on trial, and it behooves those ! who are charged with the duty of its enforcement to make sure of the stout- st possible defense of the community {against the evil represented In the congestion on the court calendar. —_————— The Sea Plane Problem. The big seaplane that started from New York the other day for a flight to | Brazil has come to grief somewhere in the Windward passage. The pilot | sought to make a descent into the sea and, miscalculating the dlstance, and bhit the water with such force that the fusilage of the craft was smashed and | she was completely crippled. | Much hope has been felt regarding |oversea flying on the ‘score of the {ability to keep a plane afloat by means | of pontoons. Some optimists have even averred that the airplane would scon displace the steamboat, by virtue of | ereater speed. Elaborate schemes have {been devised for midsea fuel and res . pair statipns. anchored to the sea bot- { tom. = { All of these hopes are shown by the {fate of the Sampaio Correia to be con- ditioned upon & much higher develop- ment of the plane than has yet been | effected. Water is at once one of the i most easily entered and the most obdu- !rate of materials. When hit softly it | parts and entrance is effected. When { hit hard it is like rock, for the instant | of impact.. The smashing power of the sea is traditional. Every ship that Irides a storm feels it. Some do not ; survive it. ! The airplane that flies over water { must be stout enough to hit the sur- | face without breaking. Strength means 1weignt, and weight cuts down the range and power and carrying ca- { pacity of the plane. Here is the prob- lem. The inventors must find means {to make a seaplane stouter than the water when hit hard. ———— A San Francisco hotel man finds the question . of precedence perplexing when entertaining nobility, He might secure authoritative advice by placing fon his staff some of the numerous members of the nobility .who are now willing to work. —_————— A special session of Congress after the November elections will afford the members an interesting opportunity to compare notes and exchange remi- niscences. ——————— Inventors should be invited to con- centrate on some device to prevent de- terioration of rolling stock during con- ferences. 1 {dropped too suddenly, Stage Wages. ‘Wage cutting is the vogue today in many lines. The latest move toward reduction is that made by theatrical producers, one of whom has just been quoted as announcing that heavy cuts are coming. This particular manager has just returned from Europe with thirty plays in his trunk, which he hopes.to produce next season in this country. But he says he cannot possibly afford to do that unless galaries are cut, and he intimates that this cut may go ashigh as 30 per cent. The Actors’ Equity Association, through one of its offi- cials, responds that salaries probably must come down, but' suggests as a solution of the problem an acceptance of lower fixed pay and payment of percentage of the gross receipts over a certain amount. The legitimate stage has been -af- fected by the motion picture, business. ‘When the movies were on their big boom they would often take a $300 a week star and offer him from $1,000 to $1,500. This caused a rapid infia- tion of stage prices, so-that lesding men and women received from $500 10 31,000 & week, with an average of about $600 a week. The expectation of the manageys noy is to establish a scale of from $300 $400 for leading men and wonjenjand {100 to $260 for “ordinary actt Pt Inasmuch as for several years past there have been many actors out of work—*“at liberty,” in the parlance of the profession—it is not uniikely that stage salary dd(!'wlll be effective. True, the actors are now organized, | but not so thoroughly as to warrant & strike. In case of a disposition to vesist salary cuts the managers have always the resource of small com- pany plays for economy.and musical comedy for a gambling splurge. The public’s hope in this connection Is that whatever happens to the sal- ary scale, the American stage may have some good drama next scason. But it does not particularly warm up to the proposition that it will have most of its dramatic material brought back in steamer trunks from the other side. Y ‘ Get the Mail Box Now! By January 1 all householders must have frontdoor mail boxes. Four months’ grace is given, and surely by the first of the year everybody will have been properly equipped. The ad- vantages of letter boxes are obvious. They should appeal to all. The boxes do not merely make easier the work of the delivery carriers. They make mail deliveries more speedy. A letter may get to its destination an hour sooner by reason of the fact that the carrier does not have 1o wait for bells to be answered all along his route. Then, too, boxed mail is safer than mail that is merely handed into the door, to be taken, perhaps, by care- less people and laid down anywhere. The mail in the box is taken up only by those who have keys. Presumably the keys are Intrusted only to those who have a right to take the mail. The carrier now must ring and wait. ‘With a box on the front of the house he can deposit the mail, ring and go ahead on his round. Those inside will respond to the ring. perhaps. when he is at the next house, or the second house away. They will get the mail just as quickly as if they had kept the carrier waiting until the door was opened—more quickly in point of the time of the day, because the carrier has made each round in shorter space than before. Good mail service is a matter of co- operation. Formerly this co-operation took the form of prompt responses to the door belis when the carriers rang. Now it takes the form of providing boxes, for @ very slight expense, cost- ing nothing to maintain, earning their cost many times over in terms of speedier mail. Do not wait until the last day of grace to put boxes on the outer walls. Do it at once. tomorrow, and get the benefit meanwhile of the speedier mail service that is assured in the degree that the post office’s regulation is ob- served. } Extraordinary preparations are being made for county fairs through- out the country. The Americah farmer has not permitted politics to_ take hi mind off his more essential Tssponsi bilitles. 4 i Rumor has it that Wilhelm Hohen- zollern is to marry. It will disappoint the implacables who insisted on his trial to see him preparing for a wed- ding instead of a funeral. s | If there is any dependence to be placed on the law of averages the German mark has a long way to trhvel some day in an upward direction. { A legislator cannot alwavs be ex- pected to do his best work when the instinct of self-preservation is aroused by the fall elections. f Crime waves would not develop so frequently if burglars were as easy to catch as violators of traffic regula- tions. * Congress never allows one session to pass without enough unfinished busi- ness to insure interest in the next. i Mediation at least gives both sides an opportunity to pour their stories into sympathetic ears. SHOOTING STARS BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Lingering Summer. Good-bye, Summer! Time is here again For. annual repetition of the old fa- miliar strain. Good-bye, Summer! With August drift- ing by - It is surely an occasion for a senti- mental sigh. The old thermometer then jumped for ninety in the shade. The locust cried and scolded at the figures there displayed. “Good-bye, Summer!” we were war- bling with regret, When Summer turned and answered, J/“Why, I haven't started yet!” Obscuration. “Language,”’ sald the ready-made philosopher, ‘“‘was given for the con- cealment of thought." “Not in all cases,” rejoined Senator Sorghum. “It is often employed to conceal the fact that you hadn't any thoughts in the first place.” Jud Tunkins sa§s a jazz band helps people to forget their more serious troubles, same as @ ‘mosquito bite. One Point of Agreement. Held a conference every day. Had important things to say. Each one ended up in turn With & motion to ddjourn. The Beneficiary. “Why did you come to Crimson Gulch?" . “I wanted to feel that I was workin' fur myselt,” replied Cactus Joe. “Have you realized that wish?” ““Not entirely. Every once in a while us fellers realizes that we have been workiri' fur some party that managed to intrude into our friendly pastimes with & marked: deck. “You kin have yoh filvver,” said Uncle Eben. “‘Ginme a mule. A mule has sense enough to ¥alk an’ not-try, to pass {n front ofa locomotive.” {5 Politicsat Home Wilson’s Losings and Winnings. Mr. Wilson lost in Missouri. He stacked up against Mr. Reed, and the latter raked in the stpkes. He has lost in the first round In Miassissippi. He opposed Mr. Vardaman with all his might, and the latter is in the senatorial run-off, with a-lead of about seventy-five hundred votes. If Mr. Vardaman is nominated, Mr. Wil- son’s discomfiture will be considerable. He is destined to lose in Massachu- setts 8o far as the republican nomina- tion for senator is concerned. Mr. Lodge will win, in spite of all that the Wilsonites ‘in the state are doing, or can do, in co-operation with the anti- Lodge republicans. But Mr. Wilson most decidedly did not lose in the recent democratic pri‘ mary in West Virginia, as witness the following telegram which was sent him by the state convention held to ratify the primary polling and adopt 2 platform: The democratic party of West Vir- ginia, in convention assembled. ex- tends greetings and felicitations to its great leader. At our recent popu- lar primary we nominated a candidate for United States senator and six candidates for Congress who are en- thusiastically and unanimously in harmony wlith the principles of prac- tical idealism that characterized your brilliant administration. We predict a triumph of your ideals at the polls in November, and we pledge our every effort toward that end. ‘To this handsome greeting Mr. Wil- son made this reply: 1 am greatly cheered and gratified by the generous message just re- ceived from the democrats of West Virginia and am proud to be associ- ated with those who are organized in s0 hearty a spirit of co-operation for the promotion of the ideals upon which liberty and enlightened gov- ernment in all parts of the world de- pends. My heartiest greetings to my fellow democrats in West Virginia and my congratulations on the No- vember prospect. Mr. Wilson has on several occasions expressed confidence in the November result. He is expecting a democratic House, and if one is chosen he will have some influential friends and fol- lowers in it. For instance, Mr. Hull of Tennessee who is expected to stand for Speaker, and Mr. Garrett of the same state, expected to stand for the majority leadership on the floor. Mr. Wilson is in the game, and in cordial touch with many active men in his party. Murphy and Hearst. Leader Murphy of Tammany Hall iz in a closer place this year probably than ever before. He is not unfamiliar with the temperature of a warm cor- ner. Rut the corner is hot today, and stili a-heating. By the time of the meeting of the state democratic con- vention it will be red-hot. Mr. Murphy is strongly suspected of unfriendliness toward the Hearst gubernatorial boom. But he hesitates to declare himself. Mayor Hylan is a Hearst man, and Tammany, for pa- tronage reasons, is interested in keep- ing on terms with the mayor. It is the mayor who hands out the raw meat upon which the tiger feeds. The Tammany leader, therefore, is At present sheltering behind the state- ment that the state convention will choose the candidate. He is waiting, he says, for that body to declare it- self. He will, of course, support the nominee. The contest is between Hearst and “Al" Smith. The Hearst people class Smith with Gov. Miller. Both, they assert, are friends of the “interests. Why bid against the republicans for the ’ | support of the “Ipterests”? The repub- licans have thie stronger hold on them. Why undertake to shake it? Why not bid in the name of democracy for the support of the plain peaple, who know their friends? The Smith people reply by refusing to class Hearst as a democrat. They ask, What is he? and answer by say- ing that he has now supported, now opposed, democratic candidates and platforms. Moreover they suspect him of a purpose to swing the democratic organization of New York if he can possess himself of it over to a new party, and put himself at that party's head for 1924. It is “hoss and hoss” between Murphy end Hearst as to Woodrow Wilson. Neither has ever had the slightest use for him, or been served by him in any way. In 1916 New York went overwhelmingly for Hughes, and last year Gov. Cox, representing Mr. Wilson's pet issue, lost the state by over a million votes. Mr. Vardaman. It Mr. Vardaman makes goal in the Mississippi run-off, what will be his line—the special object of his atten- tion—when he returns to the Senate? Upon his first appearance on Capitol Hill it was reported that he would agitate for the repeal of the four- teenth and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution, both of which enact- ments he assessed as unwise and as having wrought evil. But the tfme proved unpropitious. The democracy had just returned to power, and had a large general order to fill. Moreover, some eighteen months later the world war broke out, and interest centered on new topics. i So that, for one reason or another, Mr. Vardaman was not heard during his term in the Senate on the subject with which his neme was most intimately connected. These., times are quite as unpro- pitious for. attacking the two amend* ments mentioned. The pet present agitation is for the repeal of the eight- eenth amendment. It is going on a little under cover as yet, but neverthe- less is'in progress. Mr. Vardaman, it is understood, is not in favor of that. 1If brought together as colleagues in the Senate, Mr. Vardaman and Mr. Harrison will ' not answer as the Damon and Pythias of that body. The former does not like Woodrow Wilson a little bit, nor Mr. Wilson him. Mr. Harrison, on the other hand, is a Wil- sonite to the core; sings Mr. Wilson's praises and enjoys to the full the con- fidence of the former President. If there comes a revival in our national politics of what is called Wilsonism; no man in Congress will be likely to |has been represent it more thoroughly, or more agreeably to its author, than the Hon. Pat Harrison, the democracy’s chief of scouts with & roving commission on Capitol Hill. A Austria Is a Problem Beyond |Heard and Seen The Mere Question of Justice T AR T BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the United State: EFORE the world war Amer- icans of all sorts went to continental Europe with all sorts of objects in view. Some went to study languages, some to buy real and alleged works of art, some to live cheaply and some to show how much money they could spénd © foolishly. AN that has changed. There are a few American visitors who, rejoicing in the glories of high protective tariff, are seeking to take advantage of the misfortune of Iu- rope by buying her products as cheaply as possible and then work- ing every dodge known to the inge- nuity of man to beat the customs duty, but the great majority who g0 are bent on studying the political and economic conditions of the vari- ous countrles, with a firm resolve to tell America all about it. 1 would not be guilty of lese maj- este, but T am convinced that in these Todern days of democracy when for the first time the women of the world e expressing their opinions with the assurance that they have some power to enforce them, those In au- thority may be mistaken as to what those who created them intended to do under certain circumstances. ‘While in public life I never claimed to be a politiclan, much less & statesman, who is only a politician grown tired of his job lfi determin- ed for once in his life to kay what he thinks, regardless of the effect it may have at the time of the next election. But for many years I ob- served those who controlled the des- tinies of political parties, men who sat around headquarters, idling and prophesying what results would be. While they were doing this T was the shops and cafes, on the trains and Is, listening to what the men who made the politicians fhad to say about them, and reaching conclu- sions very frequently opposite to the views of the politicians. I am still quite assured that, whether in rope or America, he who would get & correct view of conditions must Ret the view of the power behind the throne. 8o while in Europe recently 1 pursued my American tactics. 1 did not accept the views of those who are or claim to be the guar- dians of the public thought, but rather sought the opinions of both men and women who are doing the world's work. * % ok As Europe was engaged before the war in the manufacture and sale of old masters to American tourists, so now it seems to be en- gaged in the manufacture and sale of opinions. It is not difficult to obtain facts, but it is extremely difficult to separate valuable from immaterial facts. It is quite easy to obtain expressions of opinions, but it is very hard to obtain help- ful ones. One hears all sorts of views about the treaty of Ver- sailles, touching its justice and in- Jjustice, and present conditions in parts of Europe make of it an anomaly. Take, for Instance, Austria. T have seen the condition of its peo- ple. If the treaty was formulated upon the principle of the second commandment, it must be denomi- nated as a success. When one thinks back to the days when Maria There: was boldly pro- claimed as the King of the Aus- trians, and recalls the description ‘which Cardinal Rohan, French am- bassador at her court, gave of her as a woman with a handkerchief in one hand ready to wipe the tears from her eves as she wept over the wrongs of Poland, and with 2 sword in the other hand ready to asgist in the dismember- ment of Po?uml. he is quite con- vinced that the treaty of Ver- sailles, so far as Austria is con- cerned, has visited the iniquities of the fathers upon the children even unto the third and fourth generations. Here is a small group of people, less than seven million in num- ber, two million of whom live in the city of Vienna, so absolutely debt-burdened that their outlook is hopeless. They have been re- fused permission to join the Ger- man government. Switzerland would not even accept a portion of their territory. They hate the Jtalian government with an undy- ing hatred. They are in debt about 1,200 times the total value of all their real and personal properties. Their financial system is as unre- liable as & roulette wheel. The owner of a roulette wheel is sure that now and then he will win, but the Austrian banker never knows when he cashes a check whether he is going to get his money back. * k% * When finance had some sort of stability and exchange bore some relation (o the par value of money the krone was worth 20 cents. of American money. 1 paid 40,000 kronen for an umbrella. In old times this would have been $8,000, but what T paid was $2.50 of American money. T borrowed the money with which to pay for it at the rate of 16,000 kronen for 31, and next day, when 1 repaid, the value of the krone had sunk to 22,000 for $1, so we had quite an argument as to whether 1 should pay 40,000 kronen or 55,000. We compromised and my umbrella actually cost me 44,000 kronen, or, in normal times, $8,800. It is such an umbrella that any American who finds himself in the wet can purchase of me for the second- hand price of $5, but not a cent less. * This is the condition of financial affairs in_ this country overbur- dened with debts. When one con- templates it, he cannot understand why Charles should have left his delightful villa upon the shore of Lake Geneva to make his unsuc- cessful attempt to remount the Austrian throne. [ have been grateful to Providence for many things unnumbered. unremembered. uncounted. but chiefly for that at- titude of mind which has led me to believe that he who assumes re- sponsibllity is a fool. Responsibility must be assumed by some one, of course, but its assumption should always be a grave attempt to dis- charge a duty. Responsibility should not be sought as a source of per- sonal renown. * % x Anm American is apt to conclude that lite In Austria is childlike in character. The rains fall, the sun shines, harvests grow. All the necessaries of life are so amaz- ingly cheap judged by the Amerl- can standard that one imagines these people are living in a para- dise. But it is a fool's paradise. What is amazingly cheap to the American is unutterably dear to the Austrian. The depreciation in the purchasing power of the krone has not resulted in the appre- ciation of wages paid. What we would Iook upon as aimost a gift the Austrian considers to be pro- hibitive in its cost. Yes, if the treaty of Versallles was intended to make of these people a help- less. hopeless and undone race, it is the most successful document written by the pen of man. The only happy thing I saw was a dog. which in some mysterious way had found a bone. . How far modern civilization in- tends to let this go 1 have no means of knowing. That it is an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth there can be no doubt, reading_the plain record of hi tory. That it is cold. calm. ca culating and deliberative justi he would be a foolish man to dis- pute. But here again in the af- fairs of the world justice runs amuck of expediency. of the best interest of the whole world. The financial situation of Austria is hopeless. Under present condi- tions. with the population dis- tributed as it Is, it is without remedy. If it Is to continue to be governed and controlled within its narrow limits, with constant war between monarchists, soclal- ists and republicans, it might as well be understood first and last that Austria Is the mendicant state of Furope. It will be a constant source of irritation to ! the economic world. It will be [ the poor relation in the family of states. It deserves it all; it had neither justice nor judgment when it ruled. * x x % These poor people are not to blame for what their rulers did. but, alas, that does not change the Jaws of life nor the currents of human thought. They may be individually just, but the law of life is that the just must suffer for the unjust. The Austrian | auestion is therefore not a ques- tlon of justice. lLet that volume be closed, and let the men who have to do with the rehabilita- tion of Europe consider it in the [ light of what effect the further continuance of these conditions will have upon the business cer- tainly of Europe. and possibly of the world. Mayhap in some for- ! tunate readjustment the world { will see that there was more in the theory of peace without vic- tory than many cold-blooded dip- lomats thought. (Copyright, 1922, by Thomas R. Marshall.) Santa Claus’ Factories in U. S. ANTA CLAUS Is now a good American citizen and manufac- turer. He used to have his prin- cipal factories in Thuringia. Germany, where most of his dolls were made; in Nuernberg-Fuerth, Bavaria, where his metal and mechan- ical toys were manufactured, and in Brsbirge, Saxony, where his shops specialized on wooden and papier- mache toys. Now his games are be- ing made in Springfleld and Salem. Mas: his dolls and rockinghorses in Winchester, Mass., and his metal toys throughout Connecticut, and all sorts of toys and Christmas special- ties all over the United States. Uncle Sam has just had a survey made of Santa Claus' factories and makes this official report—that he has practically quit Germany and is now making about all of his supply for the world’s stockings in this coun- try. The announcement is made by Henry H. Morse, chief of Secretary Hoover's new “specialties division™ of the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce. It is based on a report by Assistant Trade Commissioner O. S. Payne, from Prague, Czechoslovakia. after he had made a personal and ex- tensive study of the German toy in- dustry. * k¥ % From this it must not be supposed that the toy industry in this country is of overnight development because Santa Claus couldn’t pay his rent in Germany or anything like that. It has been building up for more than threc score years. And, taking for illus- tration one great game factory in ringfield, Mass., Uncle Sam em- sfiuma that the educational world and 'he world of home life, of parent and child are deeply indebted to such plants. It has revolutionized education for little children in schools, it has supplied ecducational amusement in the home. By a strange coincidence it was immediately following the clvil war that the greatest game fac- tory in this country got its real start, just as the entire toy industry has been given new impetus in this country following the world war. Uncle Sam's special agent overseas investigating the toy trade in Ger- many makes a report Very encourag- ing td American toy manufacturers, He finds that! foreign orders for Ge man toys are being canceled because of the increased cost of production and scarcity of raw ma‘erials. which have forced the German prices up to the level of the world market. There a steady recovery in Germany's export trade in toys since ths arm atice, u}c exports to the Pnlufl s:.u. mountin, last year to .'hlnl h' nearly two-thirds of the total for 1913 and 1914—before the ar. ) R eI would seem very _mgely that ! Germany has now lost the advantage that it appeared to possess when the mark was declining rapidly, and American manufacturers need not fear such severe competition from Thuringia, Nuremberg and Erzebridge as they have been experiencing.” Mr. | Payne ‘reports to the Department of | Commerce. In the three main centers of the German toy industry approxi- mately 80 per cent of their output has been exported. but since costs of pro- duction have increased and the manu- facturers are unable to give fixed prices except for goods already on hand, the trade is falling off rapidly. There is a healthy sign in the United States which stands out in contrast to the situation In which the German manufacturers find themselves, with scarcity of raw materials. The American manufacturers are estab- | lishing factories for metal toys in the very heart of the metal producing fields. They are establishing wood working plants for games and rock- ing horses and wagons and doll car- riages near the great forests of the west, and oftentimes in co-ordina- nation with the furniture factories to use up what would otherwise be waste. * Ok % % Uncle Sam has also counseled with Santa Claus as to " this develop- ment—that the toy industry has come out of the Kitchen and come under specialized machinery and tools in great factories. This works for quan- tity production, minimized cost and admits for expert study to improve the product. Some of the most tal- ented’ artists as well as clever in- ventors and expert mechanics and en- gineers are now employed in the game and toy industry in this country—al- ways looking for a way to improve and strengthen the educational and artistic appeal and influence as well as the amusement “pull” of thelr product. The cost of hiring these great artists and inventors and en- gineers and scientists is absorbed in the minimized “overhead” and econo- mies of quantity production. For the reverse, look at Sonneberg, the center of the German doll indus- try. The majority of those employed are home workers. They design and make the toys In their own homes and sell them to the dealers and ex- porters. The price Ix based on their own calculations. 1t is estimated that there are about 30,000 of these home workers who make toys and Christ- mas tree decorations. The cost of raw materials has been rising con- lluntly. especially ‘in the case of such imported raw materials as textiles, rubber, mohair, and colophony, as well as kaolin and lignite from Bohe- mia, which is uged in. the manufa ture of bisque doll heads. There has also been an increase In the cost of packing s, varnish and lac- quer. 1t is cheaper to travel than to stay at home. Cheaper, that is, if you know how to do it. Dirrelle Chaney of the auditor's of- fice, Post Office Department, does. He recently completed arn eleven- day automobile trip to Sullivan, Ird.. and back te Washington by way of Niagara Falls and New York, a total of 2,372 miles. The entiré trip cost Rim exactly $50.02. His wife accompanied him on the way out, and on the trip back they had their eleven-year-old boy along, who ate innumerable ice cream cones. The cones were the only items not in- cluded in the list. Chaney figures that the railroad fare for the three of them for a like trip would have figured up between 32560 and $300. His repair bill was exactly 10 cents. He used 107 gallons of gasoline, cost- ing $28.33, and their food cost a total of $18.74. They camped along the way, cooking their meals. They had a small ice box carried on the running board, and most of the other comforts of home. “You certainly do get to see the country, too,” Chaney told me. * * % Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt visited the Civil Service Commission the other day to select a photograph of his father to hang on the commission walls. Offic! there are securing photo- graphs of all the men who held the post of civil service commissioner, in each case allowing relatives to pass upon the photograph selected. Secretary Roosevelt made his choice from several photos of his father, and then looked around the room. “Why, I used to play in that basket over there,” he said, pointing to a capacious basket in the office left va- cant by the resignation of Gov. Bart- lett, president of the commission, to become first assistant postmaster general of the United States. 'You can come up and play in it any time you want to,” smiled Com- missioner Gardener. * * % “Moo, m-0-0-0-0." The above letters are univereally accented as designating the cries of a certain popular animal, much as “bow-wow"” sta: Dowew nds for the cries of S0 when a series of *“moos” - sounded In the vicinity of the Cor- !c:;lnn‘filllerg of Art the other morn- ' ssersby looked aro what was loose. Sratomnarelg No cow could be seen. Seventeenth street was as bare of cows as it usually Is, to all appear- “Still the lowing & e lowing kept up. Then the discerning located the erasturet Bl was in a bafred wago in front of the nllery.‘ Ak Maybe it had been used in an art class. * * = One of my correspondents, reading that story about the lady who wase proud of her small son's ability to swear, sends me another along the same line. “1 told my eight-year-old son that he must be careful never to use ugly words, as it would be bad for his little ~ playmate, John, who was younger. to hear them. He replied. ‘Don’t worry about that mamma, John knows up to damn already.' " - * x “T often wonder why all these birds wear rubber bands around their arms to keep their shirt sleeves up.” he was heard to remark. “You see. nine out of ten men.' he continued, “get shirts with the sleeves too long. 1 suppose the manufactur- ers make them that way to fit all sizes. “So about nine out of ten find their sleeves much too long. And about eight out of the mine place SRR . 200 .8 500 £ A O S0 SIS, .3 A S A A RSB S SRR s B S B P 8 et 00 rubher | bands just below their biceps. in order | to keep the cuffs from dropping down over their hands. “The funny part of it is. practi- cally all these men are married. And any wife ought to have enough abil- ity to calmly and deftly take a tuck in =aid sleeves, making them the right” length in about two minutes, and saving friend husband all that worry with rubber bands. One is al- most forced to conclude that the average wife of today is n stress.” CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. | Fifty Years Ago in The Star Golf had not been introduced In America fitty years ago Croquet as and croquet was the mi” popular sport for those " who could not stand the more strenuous exercise of base ball. Strange as this may seem to readers of today, croquet was rated in the early seventies and for some years afterward as an ideal recreation. Tn The Star of August 3, 1872, is the fol- lowing editortal which proposes still another game for importation from: Europe: “The games like croquet has done much to induce open air exercise on the part of those not disposed to participate in violent exerci: of doubtful benefir such as base ball. cricket, etc. Henry ‘Ward Beecher, like our Dr. Newman, 18 a stout sdvocate of croquet. eays: ‘Croquet is one of the most charming of outdoor games, and the man who invented it, if alive, ought to be honored with annual gifts and if dead his name ought to be cut in gold and put in Westminster Abbey as among the benefactors of the race. A minister, 1lke any other man, may say that this fascinating sport has no charms for him. But to decline it on moral grounds as something too worldly for a minister ought to send a man to Coventry. A creature who does not play croquet for fear he will lose his influence may be sure that he has no influence which he would not be all the petter for losing.’ 'he vtjection is made now, how- ever, to croquet and similar popular games that they tend to induce & habit of stooping and to produce round shoulders. A wgiter in the London Echo argues in favor of in= troducing a new Itallan game, in playing which ‘every motion and atti- tude when at rest is necessarily of tes most artistic and classic description. The game is plaved with a ball six inches in diameter, filled with air bv means of a powerful syringe. Tt is always kept high in the air and cons sequently all faces are turned upward, instead of being fixed on the ground, as in cricket or croquet. The ball i® not struck with a bat. but with a hollow armlet of wood. surrounded with blunt iron spikes, 1o prevent tha ball from glancing irregularly. By the use of the armlet instead of the bat. every position becomes artistic and noble. The ball is never touched hv the hand except at starting. when it is pitched 1o the leading pia This game is much the same as the follis of the Romans, which was played with a large leather ball, kept in the air by the cloe fist, either naked or hound with thick thongs. The old Eng- resembles this It was & large leather. Each 4 « round, hollow hracer nf wood covering the hand and lower part of the arm with which to strike the ball and cause the rebound. The pastime was usually practiced an open field and is commended by oid writers for its healthfuiness.' “Let us have the new-old game and see how it works. Anvthing to in- duce open air exercise on the part of the sedentary American people.” * % Half a century ago it was a common American custom Summer Resort for those who went to “watering Correspondence. ;,,cey to conduct a correspondence for their home T pers. In The Star of August 24, 1§ is the following on the subject: “The Cincinnati Commercial throws cold water upon the business of jetter Writing by people who go to summer resorts. It holds that when a man goes into the country to enjoy e e shouid ‘Invite his soul to loaf, is Walt Whitman says, not burden it with newspaper corréspondence, and therefore declines one of “the ‘most generous motives and offered series of letters penned by a friend whil» sitting beneath the umbrageous ard widespreading branches of the locust trees which shade the Great Miam'. Besides sitting, he also inhales ‘pure. fresh, untainted breezes' which come to him over abundant yielding corn and wheat fields and orchards which bend beneath their weight of ‘golden tinted apples and blushingly radiant peaches. And this is not enough for him to do: he listens to the murmur of water falling over a mill dam up 0 seam- |the river. and then proceeds to teil about it.” DIGEST OF FOREIGN PRESS Poland's New Middle Class. CHRISTIANIA.—Until now has been no middle class in Poiand, the Inhabitants belonging either to (he nobility or the peasantry, but the great problem of today is to build up a class of farmers to take their place between the two classes. A writer in the Aftenposten relates some inter- esting facts connected with this sub- ject. He says: . “Poland is exclusively an agricul- tural country, in spite of the textile manufactories in Lods, the industrial territory in Upper Silesia, the salt mines in Wielizka and the naphtha sources in Galicia. There is no dan- ger of Poland becoming bolshevist. It has often been imagined abroad that Poland might easily become the scene of a proletariat revolution like the Russian. But in the Polish at- mosphere it is soon seen that the bolshevists have little chance of a fruitful harvest in Polish territory. “The strongest antidote against bolshevism is the spirit of national independence, and in this respect there is no people in Europe more united than the Polish. Here even the socialists are flery patriots. “The most important que Poland’s future agriculture. This hangs closely to- gether with the great defect in Pol!sh society, the want of a middle-class. For the Poles there is no middle way bstween the aristocratic landed pro- prietors and the peasants, who have mostly lived in very primitive cir- cumstances. “The old poetical contrast between the castle and the cottage is an un- pleasant reality and the greatest im- portance for the future of Poland. The Polish nobility is atill today the 1iving epitome of the country’s his- tory and traditions of culture. Every- thing which belongs to the Polish character, for good or bad, the chivalrous and adventurous. the frivolous and romantic, the bold and ambitious patriotism, the mystic and rel m, the comfort and hospitality of t home—all this be- longs to the traditions of the castle and the nobility. “The Polish peasant, on the con- trary, is a gray, colorless individual. always kept in the background, even after having emerged from the dark- ‘k ®tories are perfectly in- different and even hostile to the no- bility's attempt at revolt in the nine- teenth century, &t the time they were oppressed, and it 18 whispe: ion for against the landed proprietor: as often as he returned to his coun- try roads, or heard the prayers in his own country church, or watched the dancing of the market women in the national Polish dances, he be- came quite a changed being. “The Polish peasant belongs stili to quite a different century. He is not only illiterate, but he belongs to the middle ages. And the political nower ix now in his hands, inex- perienced. It i8 he who is to build up new Poland, to produce richer crops from the fertile Polish soil, and create a firmer and broader founda- tion to the republi This is Po- land's great problem. Whether this experimeng will succeed, to what ex- tent it will be posaible to build up a class of farmers which belongs neither to the castle nor the cottage, and to what extent the present Polish there | by which the past is to be welded 1 l is the question of{a traditions will be modified thre this new education is the fiery ordea the future.” How German Traders Grow Rich. LONDON.—The Copenhagen corr«- spondent of the Post says: *The metii- ods lately adopted by Germans in their transactions with Danish mcr- chants throw an interesting side lizht on the present financial situation n their country. It had long been the custom for the seller in Germany ‘o request the Danish buver of his goods to place all or part of the money due on account of them to his account in some Danish bank. Now, however, the German seller a that the moncy due in payment for the goods shail neither be sent to him nor deposited fur him in a Danish bank. He requests the Danish buyer to return him simply an 1. O. U.. backed by the guarantce of a good Danish bank. for the amount. It is, of course. impossible to know how much individual Germeus possess in this way in Denmark. but there is no doubt that the amoun: i= very considerable. The Danish ex- perience confirms the beilef that the German state is becoming impo erished the individual German manu- facturer snd merchant is growing rich—richer than his competitors 11 other country, and Danish mer- ants are of opinion that there is great danger in this development. Baker's Boy an Opera Star. LONDON.—The Milan correspond- ent of the Daily Express says “The baker's boy who & few years ago trilled a popular song as he went his round delivering his father's bread has now returned to his native city of Verona to sing in the famous Arena. This Roman amphitheater, in better preservation than any other in the world, has been reopened for a ason of open-air grand opera. “Zenatello, the baker's boy, is now a. lebrity, having sung all over the world, and 000 persons who heard him Lohengrin on the gave him such an ovation that the noise of it was heard all over the as “Zenatello’s first teacher was a m est professor in his native town. He trained the boy to sing baritone, ard it was not until a vear after he had obtained a subordinate part in & Naples opera company that he ai- tempted to sing tenor. The tenor who was cast to sing Canio in ‘1 I'a- gliacci’ was taken ill and Zenatelld successfully took his place.” Plague of Mice. LONDON.—The Geneva correspond- ent of the Daily Express says: “The large and fertile valley of Ajose on the Swiss-French frontier is suf- fering from a plague of mice. ‘Drives’ have been orgunized by the mun? pal authorities, whq offer a halfpenny for each dead mouse. In the village of Cornol 17,000 mice were killed or captured, while the ‘bag’ for one day in the village of Courgenay was 10,000. “Poison gas is mow being injected into the subterraneous galleries form- ed by the mice, thousands of which sre thus destroyed. Itisbelleved that tl mice have migrated from the trenches in Alsace.” 2 Introduction of out-of-doors ’ He - the audience of nearly opening night . P -