Evening Star Newspaper, July 30, 1922, Page 35

Railway BY BEN McKELWAY. HE Peruvian congress took under consideration last week, and is expected to act favorably soon on one of the largest concessions ever negotlated in South America, and one whose rich possibilities make it of International importance. Briefly out- lined, the concession contemplates the construction of 2,400 miles of railway at a cost approximating $220,000,000, involving land grants of 20,000,000 acres with important mineral and petroleum ! rights. The concessionaire is a Cana- dian, Robert W. Dunsmuler, son of the late Sir James Dunsmuir of Victoria, British Columbia. The concession, only recently nego-, tlated, provides for the taking over of the Peruvian government tobacco mon- opoly for a period of thirty-three years, the net Income from which, equal to about half a million Peruvian pounds a year, to be used for railroad construc- | tion.' The concessionaire is to exploit | the railroads on his own account for; forty-five years, after which they will revert to the government, the conces- ionaire retaining the right to purchase them from the government at the cost of construction. To Opem up Resources. Aside from the interest which natur- ally attaches to such an “empire build- ing” plan, the possibilities are great. If it is successful, the concession will put Peru in a position to exploit the natural resources which make Peru one of the potentially rich countries of South | America, and out of it there may come a new Peru. Three distinct systems of railroads are going to be bullt; a longitudinal, coastal line; a longitudinal interandean route, and the intersecting, or trans- andean railroad, which will connect the Pacific coast with the navigable waters of the Amazon and the Atlantic. The first of these three systems will connect the existing railroads which touch the coast and will cut through about twenty of Peru's richest coastal valleys. The interandean system will traverse the lateral interandean valleys of the republic between the cities of Jaen and Cuzco. At Cuzco it will con- nect with an existing railroad, which has an outlet at the port of Mollendo and which puts the system in contact with the important railroads of Argen- tina, Chile and Bolivia. The transan- dean system, consisting of two projected lines across the mountains, one a north- ern and the other a southern route, will traverse a country which is rich in un- developed agricultural and mineral re- sources, and will open an outlet to the navigable waters of the Amazon and its branches. Development of Oll Fields. A good portion of the lands included in the Dunsmuir concession occupy a | | BY MAJ. ARTHUR ' THE ARMY | - Following a precedent established by the recent reappointment of other bureau chiefs, it is the bellef of quartermaster officers that thelr chief, Maj. Gen. H. L. Rogers, will be ten- dered similar recognition by the War Department. Gen. Rogers, it is sald, has incul- cated In his department a spirit of “pervice for the line” and hn esprit do corpe which is producing splendid results. He is reported as a strong advocate of economy in line with the present policy of limited appropria- tions for the maintenance of the Army. With the exception of Maj. Gen. George C. Richards, chlef of the militia bureau, Gen. Rogers is the only so-called bureau chief now in Washington who has served as a National Guard officer. He was for a number of years a major of the Na- tional Guard of Michigan, which ex- perience in connection with the Na- fional Guard brought to the fore sympathetic dealings in solving their uppl ems. B gers is credited with having es- tablished harmonious relations with the business industries of the country and with the Congress. Owing to the manner in which he has handled his estimates and in conduct before con- gressional committees Rogers will, it 18 believed, be favorably indorsed for Teappointment as quartermaster gen- eral of the Army by a large number of senators and represeatatives. : ‘ @ Loas of the Roma. That the actual cause of the Roma disaster cannot be known with abso- lute safety is the gist of a report to the Secretary of War last week by the chief of the air service. In brief, it is stated that prior to the acci- dent the Roma answered to its con- trols more readily than in any previ- ous flight; no evidence showed that the envelope of the airship failed. The_most significant fact stated in the report shows that the rudders failed to function after the ship started to dive. An effort was made to check the downward course by altering the position of the rudders, “but this was without avail.” The fire which consumed the Roma was ropagated by two highly inflamma- le substances—gasoline and hydro- en. = Just previous to striking the earth the ship hit and parted an electric circuit carrying 2,300 volts. A fire was started either by an electric arc resulting from the breaking of this high tension line or by other causes when the Roma struck the gromnd. Essential testimony, tie report reads, s lacking, due to loss of life of those competent to observe or tq the lack of experience of most of the sur- vivors, who were unfamiliar with meronautics. New Method Advocated. Again there arises the revival of & famili discussion in the method of purchasing Army supplies—the ad- visability of the ingtallation of ‘a system of centralized procurement. Some opposition to a new method is exp by certain quartermaster officials .who have to do with the pur- chase of supplies. Their views are up for consideration before a special ‘board, convened by the quartermaster general for the purpose of giving the plan final consideration. It is stated the general impression prevails that the objectlons raised to centralized procurement do not offset the representations made in its behalf. The new method, it is claim- ed, would simplify the obtainment of proposals for supplies, which would be opened in Washington and con- tracts awarded here. Advocates of the new plan regard centralized procurement as admirably adopted to expansion in. time of war, when concentration contral and ‘rapid expansion is most vital and more easily and economically effected if controlled under one office. 4 Camp Rifie Matehes. Rifle teams will be selected from the citizens’ military train- the nine corps BIG CONCESSION IN PERU . TO OPEN UP, RESOURCES ARMY AND NAVY Canadian Capital Scheduled to Exploit Tobacco Monopoly and Build System. position phically equivalent in the Andes to famous Mexican petrol- eum beit, but the lack of transportation has retarded the development of what are believed to be extensive petroleum and mineral deposits. It is understood that a vigorous policy of petroleum ex- ploration will be inaugurated by the ‘concessionaire throughout the territory covered in his grant. In this connec- tion, British and Americar oil cmmrn- ies have been directing their efforts in Peru to obtaining land grants within or bordering on the territory covered by the Dunsmuir concession, and the solu- tion of the tramsportation question by the construction of railroads in all prob- ability will be followed by extensive oil development. The impetus to petroleum explora- tions which is expected to result from the Dunsmuir concession adds inter- est to the activity of oil companies in countries which border; on Peru, especially in Bolivia. Only last week the Bolivian government approved the transfer of 2,400,000 acres of oll lands to the Standard Cll Company of New Jersey, according to cable advices, which will be operated by the re- cently formed Standard Oil Company of Bolivia, a concern capitalized at $5.000,000. Last fall this company took over about 8,000,000 acres of oil Jand from Bolivia. The grant of 2,400,000 acres Is expected to result in large operations, including the construction of 600 miles of pipe line. Innccessible in Past. ‘With the growing world demand for ofl, geologiats representing the great ofl companies have been going Into South American territory, which a few years ago was considered impossible because of its isolation and the diffi- cultles of transportation. This has been particularly true of Peru, it is said, where hundreds of mineral de- sits have been examined yearly, Phly to be rejected because of this Jack of transportation which will be furnished, to a large extent, In Dunsmuir concession. Construction work on the thri railway systems will beg ju taneously with the approv: Peruvian congress of the te: concession. Along with the Gevelopment, the reorganization of Peru's tobacco industry will be un- dertaken, and reports state that the concessionalire intends to increase the yearly revenue from this source by 35 per cent. Plans call for increas- ing the production of Peruvian to- bacco to meet all domestic demand and to begin the manufacture of high- ¥rade tobacco and cigars for export. This will bring new life to an in- dustry in Peru which is expected to develop into one of the leading sources of revenue to the country. - The vast possibllities for Peru's future which are opened by the Duns- muir concession are expected to arouse much comment in this country when the details of the plan are fully known. So far comparatively brief reports on the extent of the conces- sion have reached Washington. NEWS to 28. These teams will take the place in the national matches of the civilian rifle teams, which will give a basis for friendly competition and keen, whole- some rivalry. The resultant effect will be men scattered throughtout the states who, because of their rifie training and marksmanship, will be competent to immediately take up the instruction of men to be called or about to be called to the colors in the event of a national emergency. Unfortunately no specific appropriation was made available this year for these national matches. To Combat Forest Fires. Seven pilots and twenty enlisted men from Crissy and Mather flelds have been detailed by the chief of air ervice to patrol the forests in the te of Qregon. Army airplanes in past years have been instrumental in saving the government thousands of dollars in connection with the conser- vation of our national forests. Pilots have been quick to discover forest fires and in reporting them by radio to forestry bureau officials, enabling them to institute immediate measures to combat the fire. | 7 THE NAVY Radio alds to navigation, particu- larly the Ambrose channel radio pi- loting cable, is, in the opinlon of naval officers, covering a unique and important service. For example, when a vessel approaches New York harbor from seaward she is able in clear weather to fix her position. However, in case of fog or thick weather the approaching vessel is unable to see objects on shore and must either fix her position by other means or else slow down or anchor. Under such conditions one of the best methods of fixing position is by means of the Navy radio ocompass system. Briefly, the transmitting equipment of the Ambrose channel piloting ca- ble consists of a submarine cable which is laid in the center of the channel and an electric generating and signaling apparatus located at Fort Wadsworth. The transmitting equipment consists of an automatic omnigraph, which constantly spells the word “Navy.” The recelving equipment cons two colls of wire, one mouni each side of the vessel. Experiment has demonstrated thet when a ship is directly over the cable the signal is received with equal intensity in the two coils. In time of war the pilot- ing cable would be used to bring war- ships into harbors during fog. Its most important use would be to in- dicate the safe chanmel leading into a port protected by mine flelds. Estimates of loss by commercial vessels delayed by fog range from $500 to $4,000 per hour. Obviously a great saving would result from any levice that could be used safely to pllot ships from the light vessel to quarantine or even clear to the dock. Naval officers belleve the practical commercial use of a cable in New York harbor will eventually run from the light vessel up to the vicinity of the Battery. ‘The naval bureau of engineering maintains an extensive radio com- pass system informing all vessels that ask for their correct positions—in fact, urging steamship companies to use the service. For this service there {s no charge except for furnish- ing charts or publications. One more step in the same direction is the es- tablishment of a plloting cable service. 5 Proposal for Serviee, Club. Non-resident members of the Army and Navy Club of Washington will be interested in the fact that & gro of resident members has had under f,,.,.,"m'""‘"' proposition that the G. DUNCAN, U. S. BY HENRY W. BUNN. P sacrifices. Is Britain re HE following is a brief summary of the ‘-’r:u her by France? uat! £ Fran ust involve terrific British iflces brTtatn u:;’!z.mul her debt 1s.she i her share .of reparations l!"swr of . covered in earthen in a tomb thirty 14 coins tssued in m-’r‘:lg'otv Croesus, the t King of Lydia, of the t 1ssue of gold coins in_ the world, If Herodotus tells the most ‘important news of the world for France? Idoyd frs ) 5 reason to be grave. truth, Previously only five of these coins the seven days endéd July 20: "The Germaw government has agreed to a had been dllonurny&hl.ll ‘70 the British museum. £ ; o mos vn aiL 1 doc them'In The. tomb. darine(he sless of Bardis % ; < of guaran ‘man finance - n the tomb during the siege o f The British Empire—The “irregular” army partments during the period of a moratorium by Cyrus the Persian in 646 B. C. in southwest Ireland, if ever it had enough t(o'.:l‘lt is, I take it, gln p'nrt)lenhr wort of mora- &‘Al;fltbltf n‘..a ll: a Ror‘nl.n wdmh with xh“:“' um Germany s for). aying frul poppies ant acocks; very coheslon and direction to justify being calleq A Beriin ropore shows only, 16,029 unem- lifelike and the colorings most vivid. cruel and futile guerrilla warfare. - The meeting of the new provisional parli ment of the Free State has been further pos It will be interesting to observe the attitude ,toward that parliament of members of the De Valera faction elected Some have participated In the recent Should they offer to take their poned to August 12. thereto. bloody events. seats, what would happen? On July 18, twenty-six days after the death Reginald Dunn and Joseph O'Sullivan were found guilty of mur- dering him and were sentenced to death. They did the deed to The reader will recall the fantastic theory, which found considerable cur- rency, that the murderers were English paci- fists, who were making an example of Henry as the arch-champion of militarism. Great Britain leads the world in ship ton- Germany being of Sir Henry Wilson, both submitted that avenge Ireland. they nage under conmstruction, second. ing camps. * ok x x Spain. order forbids them to do so. (Lucus Augugtl) w the hot sulphur baths nearby. though tis doubtful * ¥ X % recently returned from Berlin, to the reparations commission. as practicable, course, reparations. Italian cabinet crisis is passed. hand, ised Germany an answer ernments this time. All we can certainly say is that there will be a meeting in the not distant future of part or all of the supreme council, from which mo- mentous decisions regarding German repara- As between Poincare and Lloyd George, their former roles are reversed. Poincare is eager for a settlement “wot is” a settlement; a settlement, however, which must be the least possible unfavorable to France. Lloyd George grows grave and cautious, re- flecting that a settlement which would admit tions are expected. of an extended moratorium expense. The $60,000 required to pur- chase the 300 memberships would be borrowed at 6 per cent per annum, or $3,600; this could be prorated among the members, and if all 300 were taken, that would involve a charge of but $12 in addition to the annual dussiofitha’ Congrasslonalf Coxintry ub. Naval Institute Change. Commander C. C. Sill, U. S. N., has been elected secretary of the United States Naval Institute and director of the institute proceedings. He will have as his assistants, Lieut. Com- mander F. W. Rockwell, in charge of i professional notes, and Lieut. J. B. Hefferman of the office of naval intelligence, who will assist in preparation of professional papers. Commander Sill is the author of several works, including “What Hap- pened af Jutland,” “What Happened in the War,” and magazine articles. He and Commander Rockwell are attached to the Naval Academy at Annapolis. Naval Class Faces Pay Loss. Under the provisions of the pay bill there is a difference of five years in the rate of pay between the Naval Academy classes of 1916 and 1917. This is due to the fact the 1916 class was the last one which received credit in the commissioned service for the time which it spent in the academy. This inequality will be called to the attention of the committee on naval affairs of the House, as it is evident that such an arrangement is contrary to the principle of the new pay bill. Recruiting Reopens. The Navy Department has reopened regruiting and desires ‘to obtain re- cruits for the fleet. At the same time orders have gone out directing that recruits in the New England district be sent to the ‘tralning station at Newport, R. 1, fow instruction andj training before they are sent aboard ship. This means the reopening of the training station at Newport, which has been closed for some time. PUBLIC FAITH IN GOVERNMENT To the Editor of The Star: ¥ The universal calmness of the Amer- jcan people at this fateful time is characteristic of their faith in our government and President, that right will and must prevail. This is too optimistic, and is interpreted by the unthinking and obsessed radical as neutral, and not in fact what it is, overwhelmingly against this bolshe- vistic smallpox malady that has spread among the labor classes. What better proof of this than J. Cleve Dean's tter to the President .as chairma#¥of Railways Publicity As- soclation. It seems to the writer that voices of Americanism should ring out from every patriotic sgclety, church and institution upholding our President in his right against this. hydraheaded monster that is ravaging and ruin- ing wherever it has been able to read its poisonous.virus. It is not the American labor! Tt is foreign in its every act. We are Am s, whether we follow the plow or sit back of a desk, Ame; , an ricans are laborers if we achieve u{thln worth while. The writer has follow: the plow gnd been back of a desk for forty years, too, and of the two works give me the plowing. ‘While I have the abiding falth in the destiny of my country, that in its hour of trial the man is the! who will be able to volice the jghteousness and justice of our gov- ‘ernment, I cannot heip feeling a great man is there now, and one that is in 'harmony with the faith of the nation |in God and that he will bring out of this terrible confusion: but if ‘we as the e can strengthen his hands, let us it in the that actuates and s an army, seems to have been broken up into isolated detachments, all on the run. ;where in the Free State area (chiefly in Coun- ty Mayo), Irfegulars have shown some activ- ity during the week, ta their cost. anxious question whether the extreme “di hards” will, in the near future, muster the good sense and magnanimity to accept their defeat or will prolong Ireland's distress by & Canada is furnishing military training this year to 100,000 civilians called “cadets,” in contrast with the 27,000 in our civillan train- The up-to-date burghers of the city of Lugo, in the northwestern corner of Spain, wish to tear down the city wall, but a royal The wall wi built by the Romans, in whose day the city a flourishing one and much resorted to, as it is today, on account of The wall is thirty to forty feet high and twenty feet thick, with projecting semicircular towers, numbered eighty-five up to 1509, when the wall was partly destroyed by the French. There are those who will thank Alfonso, if he can, successfully duck the “novelizing” spirit for long. Germany.—The committee on guarantees, has not yet submitted its report on German conditions There is to be a meeting of Lloyd George and Poincare in London on August 1, or as soon thereafter to discuss reparatlons, near east, Tangier and Austria; above all, of Poincare is willing that the conference should be confined to the two of them: Lloyd George, however, insists that the entire supreme council shall be there. But Italian representation is not possible until the On the other the reparations commission has prom- by August to the latter's request for still more generous moratorium terms; and evidently the repara- tlons commission Is putting it up to the gov- e to Germany and at the same time ease the tragic financial sit- Else- many. It is an as agalinst fed to-do about the matter. talked of. “impossible,” but, a be still more so. Th but Italy will win b, culiar economic and Sir fanty Germany is the Rus: withdrawn. man to conciliate governments. of the republic. which slonistic sketch. patches. * % even finance, political war. cover materials from the Howard terruption since of the proud kingdom 15 the Thames. trade. Dr. Butler decipherable Jewish nose. signal succes: HE marines have added another to the long string of glorious victories. They've won the “Bat- tle of the Pack.” Every doughboy who fought in France, or who fought anywhere, for that matter, has indelibly stamped on his memory the hardest battle of all. He may have gone over the-top at Chateau Thierry, or fought his way through the tangles of the Argonne, or stood in muck up to his knees with the British in the trenches around Arras, but ths memory of these ex- periences is as a pleasant dream com- pared with that nightmare which tor- tures his soul when he thinks of the “Battle of the Pack.” An infantryman's pack, you know, is his wardrobe, dining room, pantry, bed and home. Whenever the infantry- man goes, his pack, like Mary’s lamb, goes, too. And he carries it on his back, and it weighs sixty-odd pounds. And any soldier who has lugged a pack through France and back agaln will tell you that the mud and the food and the Germans and the gas and the machine guns and all the rest of the mes: was a holiday compared with lugging that pack around. The old man of the sea was as a gentle, springlike zephyr, which kisses a maiden’s: brow compared with that conglomeration of all that is evil— the infantryman’s pack. * k. x % But to return. The marines have won the battle, perhaps the most glorious of their conflicts. They have mastered ‘the pack. Back in 1915, when the marines were occupying Vera Crus, a young machine gun officer, Cole by name, had an inspira- tion born of watching his men strug- gle over the ground day after day un- der their heavy equipment. When he got back to the states he designed a simple little two-wheeled cart with ball bearings and a telescopic axle which could be adjusted to make the wheels fit the width of the road. ‘When properly loaded, this cart will carry the packs of two Squa ix- teen men—and, with one man pulling and another pushing, the cart rolls merrily along to the accompaniment of the hymns all soldiers sing when relieved of their packs. Maj. Cole was killed at Belleau Wood. But the cart which he designed, bears his name—"Cole cart”—and his memory will live as long as there are marines. The carts have been officially adopted as a standard plece of the marine’s equipment. When ma- rines went on their recent maneuvers to Gettysburg the Cole. carts went with them, the first time they had ever been tried out with such a large body of men. The experiment was interesting, in that it marked the first time, perhaps, that soldiers ever marched on any llke maneuver and carried their packs anywhere but sn Some officers averred it above! Can a soldier march without! a pack on back? ell—" * % %% But the experiment worked. The marines carried their packs - right ‘with them and when they reached the end of a long day'’s march they weren't making plans to desert nmext chanoe they got. Instead, they were fresh aud ready for the mext march. True, the carts stretohed “out the column- some, which, with & large body of troops, isn’t desirmble; but ployed in 354 of the lary It declares business to be unusually The Bavarian government - tiously asserting the doctrine of ral authorl ous similar occasions, & temporary comproml will be patched up or the central government will at last try conclusions remains to be seen. * %k ¥ % Italy—In turn Orlando, Denicola (the able president of the camera); Meda, leader in the camera of the Catholic -party, and- Bonomi were invited by the king to form a- cabinet. Only Orlando and Bonomi consented to try, and both falled. New elections, of course, are The present camera is apparently ‘When one considers the taly consequent to the war, one is sometimes inclined to think that Italy has managed more creditably than any other European nation. A * X X % Poland.—Korfanty, of upper Silesia fame, is# the new premier of Poland. latter's selection by the diet, offered his resig- nation as President of Poland. he said, collaborate with Korfanty. is of the right, Pilsudskl of the left. To Kor- But Korfanty called Pilsud and the resignation seems to have b Pilsudski is an able ma: late he has messed matters. but, after the upper Silesian business, not the the confidence of foreign A furlous struggle of partles is in prospect. The elections to the first diet under the new constitution will take place in October or No- vember and the new diet will elect a president Pilsudski again, or another? The above is submitted to be a rough impres- The objects are imperfectly seen by the dim and wavering light of the dis- Sardis.—If one looks about him on this planet, he observes sundry activities which, though making little noise, deserve remark in a summary like this, which deals chiefly in such matter as great strikes, high isassination and. fratricidal Of such activities are the efforts to dis- the past, efforts in which Americans are bear- ing so prominent a part. Crosby Butler, professor of archi- tecture at Princeton, has resumed (after in- 1914) ground where once stood Sardis, the capital the New York of its time, and Croesus was comparatively as rich as Mr. Rockefeller. The chief source of the kingdom's wealth is fabled to have been the gold of the Pactolus, should speak of the gold of the Hudson or Its wealth, in fact, came from No doubt the people of Sardis, while they went the golden way to ruin, ha statues of liberty and civic virtue to avert the just wrath of those neglected deitles. reasonab! reliques which will throw great light on an interesting civilization little known. cially is it to be hoped that his discoveries will enlighten us a little about the Hittites, who entered numerously into the Lydian melt- ing pot; a strange people of whom the only distinctive memorials we have are some un- inscriptions and the so-called Indeed, the Butler party has already had Several The Battle of the Pack t in st centers of Ger- ‘hoped that the Greek government, now ssession of Sardis, will allow tl Metro- tan Museum of Art of New York city to again ostenta- tates’ rights ty. There is a great ‘Whether, as on previ- se phra; another camera might tuation contains TNT, political difficulties of Pilsudski, on the He could not, Korfanty NS bugaboo, to Pilsudski, Korfanty s able, e * % which to reconstruct excavation of the of Lydla Sardis was strikes. 3,500,000. we their ly hopes to unearth Espe- I R:‘ ve half of the finds. . * %k k %X * China—The report noted by me last week of a battle between the main forces of Gen. Chen Kwang-Ming and Dr, Sun Yat-Sen, in which Chen's warriors won a decisive victory, has been discredited by a later report. Apparent- ly there was no such battle. Sun Yat-Sen still leads a sailor life on one of his gunboats; ‘Himself hi soliloquizin in Shelleyan s own delight.” * %k Xk % Unfted States of America.—Of the strike of the railroad shopmen I shall say little, pre- suming the reader to have followed the details given by the daily press. Whether the ri fusal of a majority of the roads to restore their former seniority status to returning strikers is the one thing now preventing return of the shopmen to work, or whether, as some say, the real issues are camouflaged or obfusqued, I cannot pretend to determine. Nor, between conflicting statements am I able to de- clde whether the number of men on strike has importantly decreased or increased dur- the week. have become fewer cepts from seriousness Dension, the governor has proclaimed Of late, disorders seem to 's bluff, Railroad executives will meet in: New York tacitly and leaders of the shopmen In Chicago on but of ‘Tuesday to consider a compromise plan of our President for settlement of the strike. , of course, too early for a confident prediction as to results to be expected from tie efforts of operators to resume mining opera- 8. celves little hope that way, for on the 27th he announced that the state government would take over and operate one or more coal mines in the state unless within five days the oper- ators and miners of the state should have reached an agreement providing for resump- tion of operations. has moved in the same direction. The most week as regards both strikes was the appoint- ment by the President of a committee, headed by Secretary Hoover and including representa- tives of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Department of Commerce, ment of Justice and the Department of the Interior, to control the distribution and ration- ing of coal The Interstate Commerce Commission gives the necessary orders for routing and distribut- ing cars. The committee is expected to accom- plish two grand objects—put the quietus on coal profiteering by withholding cars from profiteering mines, and at least very largely offset ths deadly interaction (whether calcu- lated or not) of i Since the shopmen's strike began shipments of coal from non-union mines had fallen off from 5,500,000 tons per week to The Governor of Michigan important development of the the Depart- and other essential commodities. the shopmen's and miners’ Attorney General Daugherty has submitted to the Senate a decision to the effect that the proposed great steel mergers, if consummated, would not violate the anti-trust laws; tha there is no reason to apprehend restraint of trade from them. One of the proposed mergers would unite the Bethlehem Steel Corporation and the Lackawanna Steel Company. other merger would unite the Midvale Steel and Ordnance Comipany, The Republic Iron and Steel Company and the Inland Steel Company. As to whether the proposed merger: violate the federal trade act Mr. did not give his opinion, the question being out of his province. The ‘would Daugherty Our government has extended de jure recog- nition to we “hiking” is the only way of getting from one station to another. It is doubt- ful if they would prove practicable where frequent entrainments and de- trainments were necessary, because the carts, however light, add welght and take up space whre the conservation of both is highly desirable. It's a ques- tion, too, whether the carts would be worth ‘while in actual warfare, be- cause in war the soldier must face hardships and nothing fs done to al- leviate them which isn't a pressing necessity. But for peace, and for the use of troops on long marches, the cart has proved its worth and is hers to stay, 80 far as the marines are concerned. The marines are always ready to try something new. Take advertising, for instance. The marines tried ad- vertising, and the resuit today fs that to the average American citizen the armed forces of the United States consist of marines and, on second thought, ‘some soldlers ‘and satlors. * ¥ *x g ‘Will the Army ever adopt these pack carts? Some Army officers were watching the Baltic states Latvia, B and Lithuania. a, Bsthonfa and all. “Why don't you get them baby carriages, and hire some men to shove along the whole outfit?” one of them called to a marine officer. And there you have the answer. The infantry pack in the Army is a sa- cred tradition. Abolish the pack in the infantry and you might as well baul down the flag. There's noth- Ing dearer to the heart of a hard-boiled old colonel of infantry than the pack his soldiers carry, and a pack’s not a pack until it's strapped neatly on the back of some sweating doughboy. Ask a colonel of infantry to write an essay and he'll string out 5,000 words or so on the proper method of rolling a pack. Ask him to make a speech and he'll fairly rave over the carrying of a pack. As- sign two of them a subject for debate and they'll consume half a night ar- guing over the advantage of a long pack as against the merits of a short pack. The infantry colonel believes the doughboy is the backbone of the Army—knows it, in fact, as we all do —and he as firmly believ. that a doughboy without & pack is only a half-baked doughboy and a disgrace to the Army. So the marines probably will keep on using their little pack carts and the marines and their packs will get there all the same. But as for the Army. When a doughboy hikes, his pack belongs on his back. What's a doughboy's back meant for, anyhow, if it isn't to the marine column pass, pack cartslearry a pack? Time the Country Was Aroused { To Lurking Peril of Pacifism] To the Bditor of The Star: It is time the public fully was in- formed regarding the neopacifist cele- brations. The new drive against war is directed not only against aggres- sive wars, but as well against de- fensive wars, in which a nation may be fighting for its very existence. According to the very reliable New York Times, the Women's Peace Union of the western hemisphere has been circulating petitions inviting signatures in which is contained this treasonable affirmation: “I afirm it is my intention never to aid in or sanction war, offensive or defensive, international or .civil, in any way, whether by malkng or handling munitions, subscribing to war loans, using my labor for the purpose of. setting others free from war service, helping by money or work any rellef organization which supports or condones war.” What will be the result of broad- casting' anti-national stuff like this from our too-pliant press and from public platforms? Just this, if its sponsors have any part of the suc- cess they hope for: In the event that we are forced to take up arms in de- fense of our liberties or to resist the unwarranted aggressions of 8 .coun- try drunle with militarism, as was Germany only a few years sgo, We will not only have to deal with the T ata. orpanised. for th dering defense efforta. “political prisoners” mow properly in "",:::“ "'“’{"i od o, the. Ihmit the B awhe chotee, ssbotaging same source for recognition of the murderous gang that goes by the name of government of soviet Rus- 2 d for the freest possible trade ith those who deservedly are out- lawed from decent society, granting them unlimited credit and permit- ting them to send their “commercial agents” to stir up strife among the people here and to sow the seeds of the red revolution they ever hope for. It is rather significant that though our pacifist friends are most vocifer- ous in their demands that our micro- scopic Army be hamstruhg and our none too large Navy destroved, that the same thing take place in France, in Poland and the .other countries whose armament is purely defensive, not & word is uttered against the aggressively large standing army of bolshevist Russia that we are in- formed is marking time,-almost ready for the march on Poland, Rumania and the other countries that have in- curred bolshevist dislike. - ‘Why this discrimination on the part of our peace-loving friends in favor of the proved enemles of society? Is it their alm and design purposely to disarm only those who are for the existing order, and thus doubly arm those whose hands are against all humanity, who have let it be known that they intend to destroy all capi- talist states and to bring to all pe ples those peculiar blessings down- «1d-out Russia hopecless With at this time? ~ o) '8 coping " A Test for Fathers. From the Tacoma News-Tribune. How long could or would father carry mother’s job? It's a’ long-disputed question, to which a New York pater- familias has added valuable data. He lasted just five weeks in trying to care for the children and the home while his ‘wife was in the hospital. Then he tried to commit suicide. He explained that the work &nd worry were too much for him. Soumtryof e e native brand of| It may be that his father's cares were radicals .who insisted complicated by .a job outside, but to the rights mot only of’ non-co- oftset that he probably neglected a grod otic | deal of dressmaking, mending, canring, ng and laundry work ‘wite carried on as part of POSTAL SAVINGS SYSTEM EARNING LARGE PROFITS Proposal Now Before Congress to En- hance Its Popularity by Increasing the Interest Rate. 5 4 BY EDWARD NELSON DINGLEY. N these days of anxlety arising from the colossal war debts of nearly all civilized . nations, especially those immediately involved in the conflict, the question of thrift and sav- ings is one of tremendous importance. It is the only road lesding to mormal conditions and economic safety. Hence the postal savings system becomes one of the most important factors in the solution of the financial problems facing, the nation. The practice of the habit of saving leads to better citizenship. Every depositor in a government savings institution has a stake in the country, and there- fore, as a rule, is against disorder and anarchy. After an experfence of twelve years, it can be sald that the United States postal savings system is a |depositors increased to 525,414 and th, success. All opposition to the p'an |deposits to $65.684.708. o bulk of the savings deposits is in six- teen states: New York, Illinois, Penn- sylvania, Ohio, California, Massa-, chusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Wash- ington, Minnesota, Missouri, Oregon, Colorado, Connecticut and Indiana. 'The federal reserve act of 1814 prohibited the deposit of any postal funds in non-member banks. :::EI x.:w‘ to 1915‘ the cost of the vings service averaged about $170,000 annually. e Not So Many Depositors. The individual depositor is given a certificate or receipt, the various de- nominations being from $1 to §500, the , latter sum being the largest sum al- lowed to be deposited at one time. In 1913, before the world war, there were 12820 depositories, 331,006 depositors and deposits of $33;818.870. In 1514 the depositors increased to 338,511 and the deposits to $43,444,271. In 1915 the In 1916 the has disappeared and bankers theg:- 'depositors increased to 602.937 and the selves agree that large amounts of money are saved and put to prac- tical use which otherwise would be hidden and sent out of the country ultimately. Foreigners Suspicious. It is singular, but neverthele: that prj true, seeking employment entertained a suspicion of all private banks and institutions of savings. They doubt- ed their security, and the safety of the money deposited therein. Con- sequently these immi; ts hid their earning until they had enough to send back to the old country, where they felt government saving de- positories were safe. Great Britain has had government postal depositories since 1861, Canada since 1868, France since 1882, Austria since 1883, Belgium since 1869, Hun- gary since 188 Italy since 1876, Netherlands since 1881¢ The average immigrant from these countries con- trasted his experience with postal mavings depositories in his own country with the stories of failures of private banks and the losses en- tailed in this country. He learned that between 1876 and 1879 the fall. ures of state snd private savin banks in twenty-three states num- bered 210, with losses amounting to $30,616,000. In the year 1879, in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone, the | losees due to failures aggregated over $8,000,000. Furthermore, private savings banks prior to 1900 did not fill the need. They were concen- trated in the larger cities of the east and middle west. Long Agitation Required. Agitation for a United States postal savings system began in 1871. It was not ‘an accomplished fact until June, 1910, after a lapse of thirty-nine years. At each periodical discussion of the subject a multitude of obstacles was offered. All objections were overcome finully, and in five years the depositors numbered. 560,000, with balances to their credit amounting t. $73.000,000. This money came from wage earners largely, the greater proportion being forelgn born who distrusted the private banks of thelr own country and carried with them to this country something of this same distrust. At the end of the first five years of the operation of the system it was found that the Russians outstripped other foreign-born depositors, the Italtans coming next, with natives of Great Britain third. Austrians, Hun- garians, Germans, Swedes and Greeks followed in the order named. Almost one-third of the deposits were in New York state. Had Remarkable Growth. The first five years witnessed a marvelous growth under serious mis- jhaps. It was an experiment. The banks feared that the government would invade the legitimate domain of private enterprise. On the con- trary, the postal savings system has invaded the domain of hidden money —has brought money from stockings and cans and other hidin, lace and restored it to the channéls of active trade and commerce. he original law provided for the payment of 2 per cent interest to de- positors, the Post Office Department redepositing the funds in the several banks in the community in proportion to their size, and deposits receiving 2% per cent interest therefor. 3% per cent margin ministration. Up to June, 1915, the department had turned into the Treas- ury $1,687.000, this being the difference between the interest paid and the in- terest received. Deducting the cost of administration, the net profit to the government for the fiscal year 1915 was $421,000. From the beginning of the service to 1915 the depositors recelved over $6.000,000 in interest. The postal sav- ings system has never lost a dollar by reason of Insufficient security. The As I See It (Continued from First Page.) t lruled because they could buy guns and command men. Later barons ruled because they bought machines i that made things and they could hize |men to work the machines. But powder and money began to fall, though money is still fairly effica- clous. And then the man who could control the printed word began to rule. ago was between Baron Hohen- zollern, who controlled a number: of guns and many machines, and Baron Northeliffe, who owned a printing press. It was & mean fight. The gun toter lost. Democracy won. But no one knows much about the signifi- cance of the victory. Northcliffe knew vastly less than most people— probably less than Hohenzollern. The only sure thing In the con- fusion is the fact that in some rather vague and bewildered way things ot the spirit overcame things of the earth. It was the broken-spirited peo- ple of the central powers that lost the war and the piifck of the allies at home that won. (Guns were only contributory. / Northcliffe and his kind, the myriad purveyors of the world—editors, writers, orators, those who com- manded the spirits of .men—they backed up the suns when the guns opposing them had no such backing. And then the thing blew up again. The spirit was willing but the flesh was weak. The mind and heart of man 15 not ready ‘for Northclifte, who approaches at times being & bad lot (and let him typify that in us all who made the higher appea) during the war), was not up to his job, We tried to make the millen- nlum ig_Yone yump“ with our pock- loot, when it was a ’‘two- R AL SN ol B ot SRR its victory. | § - LSS TS deposits to $86,089,885. In 1917 the depositors increased to 674,728 and the deposits to $131.954,696. In 1918 the depositors decreased to 612,188 and the deposits increased to $148,471.499. In 1918, after the world war, there ‘was large emigration, depressed bus!- ness conditions and unemployment. The result was a decline in the num- to 1910 most forelgners |, or of geposit 1 ot oot Loreigners | ber of depostiors, but a small increase In 1919 there was a still further decline in depositors, but a small increase of deposits to §167.323,- 260. In 1920 business depression wi reflected {n the decline of depositors to 508.508, and a decline of deposits to $157,276,322. At the close of the fiscal year 1921 there were only 166,109 de- positors and deposits of only §152,389.- 903. These decreases are principally attributable directly to the return in great numbers of foreign-born deposi- tors to their native countries, after period of restricted emigration. For Higher Interest Rate. June 30, 1922, the total deposits in the postal eavings system amounted to about $140,000,000, and the amount turned into the Treasury was more sums New than $2,600,000. The largest were deposited in these cities: York, $45,556,000; Brooklyn, $1 000; Chicago, $6.589.000; Boston. $6.- 272,000; Seattle, $3,143,000; Pittsburgh, $2,745,000 Philadelphia, $2.468.000; Detroit, $2,234,000; Takoma, $1,662.- 442; Portland, Ore., $1.487,000; Newark, $1,486,000; Kansas City, §1.465.000. total deposits in Washington, D. C., was $360,351. In an effort to check the decline in the number of depositors and the amounts of deposits, on the 3d of July, 1921, Postmaster Géneral Hays called attention to the fact that “with $161,- 000,000 on deposit from 508,000 depos- itors, the government made a met profit over all Interest payments and expenses of $1.729,000. This,” he said, “Is sheer profiteering. This money belongs to the depositors. The gov- ernment Is not in the banking busi- ness for profit * * * There is a tre- mendous hoarded wealth in the coun- try estimated at a billion dollars * * * Nothing can bring it out but the faith in the security of the government of the United States and a larger inter- est return on the deposits and the ac- quainting of the holders with our purpose and their opportunity * * ¢ The interest rate should be increased from 2 to 3 per cent. The method of computing interest should be reformed 50 that the depositors shall receive interest on funds held less than one year. Joint and trust funds should Dbe allowed and the youth limit should be removed.” A bill Is now before Congress to permit any person of whatever age and married women to deposit in their own e, free from control or interferen: permitting a credit balance of $5,000, permitting deposits in any solvent bank and authorizing the payment of interest at the rate of 3 per cent instead of 2 per cent. as now. Has Great Possibilities. The possibilities of the postal sav- ings system are great; the education priceless. It promotes patriotism and love of country—their adopted coun- try. It establishes a familiarity witl our monetary and credit system and assists in maintaining an economic ratio between wealth, population and business demands. Hiding and secreting money invites theft and cultivates suspicion. Fur- thermore, it tends to reduce the vol- ume of money in circulation. The volume of “currency in circulation™ is better known, thus minimizing the variation in price which follows ex- pansion and contraction of money always. The Post Office Department is mak- Ing an effort to supplement all other undertakings to Americanize our for- eign-born and to assist the other branches of the government in solv- ing the many serious problems con- fronting them. The postal savings system is one of the methods em- ployed to bring about these desirable results. Northcliffe typifies, the best of us as well as the worst, is more or less paralyzed with him. And time is the only doctor that can straighten us out, and maybe time will not suffice. Upton Sinclair is & candidate for United, States senator from California upon the socialist ticket, promising to make but one speech in the cam- paign. No stronger argument for socialism cver was made than that promise. Hiram Johnson has a man’s fight on his hands. (Copyright. 1922.) The clash that started eight years|How Roosevelt Dealt Witk 1902 Coal Strike. (Continued from First Page ) “I have given you a chance to do this of your own free will,” he sald, “but you have refused. I am now in- structed to inform you that the Pres- ident will.appoint a commission to inquire very strictly into the legality of the connection between the rail- roads and the mines, and that the commission will publish the exact truth, so that the whole country m know it. At the head of the comm slon the President ‘will place a gen tleman not of his own party, but one in whose word and in whose courage the people '11/1 place explicit confi- ence.” % The finantier shot a keen look from “Who is this person?’ he asked. with an accent partly of deflance and partly of curlosity. “His name” sald Mr. Root, “Is Grover Cleveiand. And 1 may add that as a result of such a report the persons found to have violated the law and who are therefore responsi- ble for the existing distress will be crimina'ly indicted by a federal grand jury.” Simple. From the New York Sun. “Hog- does the mother of the Jones twins tell them apart?” “Basily enough., When she thinks one of them is John, she knows it Ru‘ ‘be James, and vice versa." ~