Evening Star Newspaper, July 30, 1922, Page 34

With Sunday Morning WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........July 30, 1022 THE EVENING STAR, Edition. £ THEODORE W. NOYES...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennssivania Ave. New York Office: 150 Nassau St. Chleago Office: First National Bank Bullding. Buropean Office: 3 Regent St., London, England. ° The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by carrlers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 43 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cents per month. Or- ders may be sent by mail or telephone Maln 5000. Collection is made by carriers at the end of each mouth. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunda; . Daily only...... Sunday only. Daily and S Daily onl: Sunday The School Estimates. the board of education submitted estimates for the necessary funds for the proper maintenance and extension of the school system of the Last year District totaling $10,000,000. These estimates were materially reduced by the Commissioners, were further cut by the budget bureau and were finally lowered in amount by Congress, so that the final appropriation was only $7.135.0 This sum was much below the urgent needs of the schools, es- pectally in the matter of new buildings and extensions. This year it was expected that the board would seek to make good the deficiency by submitting estimates of at least $10,000,000, on the principle that it was necessary to ask for far more than was expected. The board, however, asks for only $8,400.000, causing some surprise at the District building. This moderate estimate should be the Commissioners and approved hy should receive, also, the approval of the budget bureau. 1t is larger than urrent appropriation by nearly .000. But this year's fund is large as it should be. The new-building program is not sufficient- ly financed to insure an adequate advance toward making good the ar- The new buildings already zed are barely sufficient to care for the natural increase in the school population luring the period required for constructie Much more must be done in the way of building authoriza- tion to catch up with the accumulated needs that are represented in crowded yms, half-day schools, platoon d other expedients to make Idings accommodate twice as many pupils as should be housed in them 1t is confidently expected that from the joint seleet committee of Congress engaged in a study of the school needs of the District will come eventually a strong recommendation for the be- ginning of a large program of con- structions to fill tae current and the accumulated needs. But until that report is filed and action is taken upon it there is danger that the estimates may cut at somé point in the process of submission. Congress has, of course, the power to ignore these cuts in case a program of construc- tion is decided upon, on the basis of the joint committee’s report. It should be made possible, however, to g0 ahead with a moderate bullding plan on the basis of the board's esti- mates by placing before the appro- priations committee of the House the full estimates now submitted by the board of education, without curtall- ments. —————— The Late Czar's Chef. be oy | considerable space’between the Capital Tractfon' route and. their terminals. This will involve an awkward condl- tion for the users of the electfic lines. It is undesirable to Interpose car tracks upon the highway epproach. In these circumstances it would seem to be = matter for the Bublic Utilities Commission of the District and the engineer officers of the United States government to take a hand to assure a track arrangement that will give the car users the utmost facility for suitable accommodations without sub- Jecting the District corporation to Virginia jurisdiction or the Virginia corporations to the District jurisdic- tion. This is an engineering matter. Obviously the main purpose of carry- Ing the Capital Traction tracks across the new bridge will be to permit con- nection with and through transit on the Virginia lines. There is no pur- pose whatever in merely crossing the bridge into Virginia. All but a negli- gible fraction of the traffic passes be- yond Rosslyn. The public interest would, indeed, be best served by through traction. That apparently is out of the question—at present, at least—but there should surely be no gap between the Capital Traction ter- minal and the two Virginia lines, save perhaps one of a few feet, and that covered by a suitable sheiter. The Arlington county supervisors are mov- ing wisely in season. naming & com- mittee to make a proposal to the rail- way companies and the government englneers. This matter should be all adjusted before the bridge s com- pleted. Incidentally, provision should be made now for the establishment of a suitable highway approach to the bridge on the Virginia side. A Base Ball Memorial. Appropriation of $100,000 is an- nounced by the American League of Base Ball Clubs for the erection of a monument in Potomac Park, in this city, to the great American game. This memorial, the design for which will be sought from the most eminent sculptors of this country, and will be subject to the approval of the Fine Arts Commission, will be en expres- sion of the national sentiment for a sport that has entered greatiy into the life of the American people during the past six or seven decades. On the me- morial will be inscribed the names, from season to season, of the most valuable players in the game, these names to be selected by the votes of those qualified to pass judgment. Base ball has been a typical Amerl- can sport since before the civil war. From the old game of “‘rounders” the game as it is now played developed. It is an evolution, but the sport has been stabilized and standardized now for thirty or forty years. A player of the eighties would, barring the effects of age, be qualified to play in a game today. But he would find it a much faster sport, involving more skill, with more severe requirements upon the individual player. The game has be- come much more scientific—is perhaps today the most technically developed sport of any nation. Although professional base bal, played by high-paid performers under strict rules and regulations and ‘“‘base ball law,” and an elaborate organiza- tion, is the subject of main interest, vet the game is played by many hun- dreds of thousands solely as amateurs for the sport of participation. There are tens of thousands of organized amateur teams, some grouped in leagues. There are scores of organ- ized leagues of professional clubs. The mvesmtent in professionel base ball involves a capital of probably more than a billion dollars, and the annual overturn in this business is so great as to constitute base ball one of the major American Industries. It is appropriate, therefore, that there should be here at the capital a permanent memorial to the game, and, Marvelous man, Pischkin! There i |through the annual additions to the no one quite his equal. He is the mest numerous person in the world today. Former chef of the late czar, Pischkin is now in charge of culsine of at least twenty American clubs, as many American hotels and quite a number of FEuropean institutions ‘where good cooking is relished. How he manages to supervise all these places and yet find time to attend to his duties, just announced, of cooking for the American Rellef Administra- tlon kitchen at Petrograd is beyond comprehension. But apparently he does. “The late czar's chef” is a drawing card. Ever since the fall of the mon- archy in Russia Pischkin has been “discovered” by enterprising hotel managers and clubhouse committees. As befits the dignity of so important a culinary artist, however, Pischkin" portraits have never been explolted, and a veil of mystery has always been drawn around him. It seems to give savor to the dishes to have them come from unseen hands. Nobody has ever attempted to explain how Pischkin could get about to so many places and hold down so many jobs at once. But there was the fact of “the late czar's chef,” underscored as topliner in many American eating places at the same time. Now that it is stated that Pischkin is really boiling rice, beans and cocoa for hungry children in the A. R. kitchen just opened in the former im- perial palace at Tsarkoe-Selo some- thing will have to be done about these other Pilschkins, for the distance is too great to be accounted for by even the swiftest airplane or any ectoplasmic influence. o D — John Barleycorn is doing his best to establish relations with that other famous myth, old Neptune. —_————— The Rosslyn Car Terminals. Consideration of plans for the most effective arrangement of the tracks and terminal facilities at the Rosslyn end of the new bridge across the Poto- mac, at Georgetown, by the super- visors of Arlington county brings out the fact that difficulties are in the way of the proper junotion of the three electric lines—the Capital Traction, the Washington and Old Dominfon and the Washington-Virginia. The first named will cross the bridge with its tracks end proposes a loop on the Vir- ginia approach, keeping within the limits of the federal reservation in or- der to avoid being subject to thie state lines will approach to the Iimits of the gate jurisdiction, which will 1éavé A roll of honor, to the men who have made it so successfully a feature of American life. Assurance that this memorial will be of an artistic design, in keeping with the other permanent attractions of the National Capital, is gratifying. No tawdry symbol will serve. A dignified monument will be an inspiration. ———————— A prize fight, which has nothing to do with the comfort and convenience of the public, is settled quickly and definitely, while an economic discus- sion is prolonged. This may be one of the reasons so many people are disposed to applaud a prize fight. —————————— The New York Stock Exchange, like the Chicago Board of Trade, occasion- ally has trouble with the man who falls to make his stock ticket co-ordi- nate with his cash register. —_———— The old-timer who thought the greatest fuel problem was that of get- ting firewood to the kitchen stove is no longer in evidence. ——————— To Fight Fake Stock Frauds. While it is recognized as impossible- to keep unwary investors wholly out of the hands of the crooks and swin- diers who promote wildcat schemes and fake industrial enterprises as a lure for the seekers for quick and heavy profits, the Better Business Bureau of New York city is under- taking a plan to lessen the waste of capital through such frauds. Under the auspices of that bureau an organi- zation has been formed, headed by David F. Houston, former Secretary of the Treasury, to fight unscrupulous promoters of worthless stocks. This will not be merely an agency for publicity, to give warning of bad se. curities, for it is well known that, no matter how fully advertised a swindle may be, it still will ind victims. Take the green goods game, for instance. That was exposed repeatedly during many years and still it fiqurished. It found its victims annually by the thousands, and among them were many who knew that the game was crooked, that the so-called counter- feits they were supposed to buy would prove to be mere blank paper, with a veneer of genuine money at the top and bottom of the bundles. They thought they could beat the game. It was not until the swindlers them- selves were eaught and the game was broken up at its sourte that the bust- ness of selling ‘“‘green goods” came n this case the purposs is to prose- cuté “upbn conviction, punish with {mprisonment those who promote fake stocks and other securities. The fraud hunters are going at the source, Naturally there will be much pub- licity and\the people wil! get the bene- fit of the warnings as far as they are ‘worth, Convictions are necessary to scheck this criminal enterprise of sell- ing worthless stocks, that ars known to be worthless, that have no value in fact or in prospect. But as long as the game is played, as long as fake stocks are issued and ‘“‘phoney” com- panles are promoted and their securi- ties offered for sale, purchasers will be found for them. A campaign of eduction should be conducted by the Better Business agencles of this country to teach the people the vitally important lesson that in all matters of investment ad- vice is necessary. The sellers of fake stocks are extremely slick and plausi- ble. They know how to trade on the desire to get rich quick, to get big returns in profits and dividends and interest. Knowing that their victims are unversed in business matters, they can talk them into a buying state of mind without difficulty. Salesmanship by mail, too, is not difficult if the investors follow their own judgment and temptation and buy without con- sultation ‘with dependable persons. One of the good effects of the war was to get the people to buying gov- ernment securities and Incidentally to get them into contact and relations with the banks. A multitude of peo- ple gained their first banking experi- ence in this way. One result is that @ larger number of people than ever before are wise in the matter of in- vestment bufling, because they seck advice in banking institutions. But more is necessary to stop the swindles that are draining millions out of the people’s pockets, and this, it is hoped, the New York organization, with branches throughout the country, will effect. “Sloshing Around.” It was Robert J. Burdette, the Iowa humorist, who entertained the public some vears ago with a lecture en- titled, “The Rise and Fall of the Mus- tache.” The mustache was not once mentioned, but many other things were discussed in happy vein, and a two-hour talk made most enjoyable. ‘Whenever the speaker seemed to_be approaching the advertised subject he would sheer off in a witty way, and give his audience something else to think about. Mr. Burdette has had some imita- tors In the Senate recently. They have taken the floor to discuss the tariff, and yet while on their feet have dis- cussed nearly everything else. Audi- tors—particularly upstairs—have had the right to suppose either that the speakers had forgotten their subject, or had nothing of interest to offer about it, or were drollishly playing with it by ignoring it. In the vernacular, this is called *“sloshing around.” The rule is to dis- cuss everything but the thing in hand; make wide excursions into uncharted and uninteresting flelds; lug in all sorts of dry details about this, that and another subject—in a word, kill as much time as possible without open proclamation of such a purpose. Great is the filibuster! _And many things—not crimes exactly—are com- mitted in its name! Tt fs a weapon both parties employ when it is handy und usable. i The question of senlority is ap- parently one of those technicalities which often arise to consume valuable time and delay decision of the real question. Explosives in & bottle of milk blew off the thumb of a Chicago man. The incident points out one kind of im- pure milk for which the cow is not responsible. l i France's diplomatic communications to Germany consist largely of the re- minder, “Please remit.” ! ‘The league of nations is being dis- cussed with even more energy in Mis- sour! than in Europe. f The vacatlonist now reads the rafl- way strike news as attentively as the summer fiction. l The punctured stock boom is now addeq to the possibilities of automo- bile annoyance. The American tariff is now regarded by Europe as more or less of a world problem. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Inevitable Toil. An old philosopher who taught A most exacting line of thought Admonished one who tried to shirk: “You shall not eat unless you work.” There came the master of finance, ‘Who said, “My friend, you have no chance It you an idler prance and smirk. You shall not eat unless you work." But wealth was his. Digestion falled. “Take exercise!” the doctor wailed. “In sport clothes labor like a Turk. ‘You shall not eat unless you work!"” “Same as usual,” replied Senator Sorghum. “Which way are you going tq vote?” Jud Tunkins says any woman can learn to smoke, but very few women can learn to look as if they enjoyed it. — The Uplift. The uplift is a project grand, -But people different methods pick. Some try to lend a helping hand. Others attempt it with & kick.” i . Always on Hand. 2 “Do you have any trouble keeping your boy Josh on the farm?” \ “Not a bit,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel. “‘All we've got to do is to keep the ‘dinner bell ringing on time every. “De man who likes to hear himself talk,” sald Uncle Eben, “ve ke to -uu-unt."‘ i 5t ¥ b THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D, <. 1LY a0 Politicsat Home]Italy’s Contribution to the War|Heard New York. The_democrats of New York have not selected their keynoter. He will not be named until near convention time. He must fit the situation that will then confront the party. At present the party is badly afflicted- with factionism, * Whoever he may be, however, he will lack the prestige of Elthu Root. There {8 no democrat In the state who holds .a .candle to the leader of the American bar and the man whose recognized place is in the front rank | of living statesmen. The present leaders of the New York |. democracy ere new men—some of them with scarcely state-wide reéputa- tions. The men Mr. Root used to meet in battle array are dead, or in retire- ment. Only one remains for service— Bourke Cockran. They were great performers, rang- ing from writers and thinkers llke Mr. Tilden, from managers like Hill and Whitney and Manning and Lamont, to orators and campaigners of the grade of Cockran and Grady and Fellowes. The combination of talent was re- markable. It is idle to speculate about where those men, if living, would stand. Still there is such speculation. In some quarters it is proving difficult to as- sociate them with a party now led by Mayor Hylan and Fingy Conners. One answer is that if they had lived the party would not have come under the sway of such leadership; that Mr. Hylan would probably not have reach- ed the metropolitan city hall, nor Mr. Conners-achieved his present pull in upstate affairs. But it is @ condition, not a theory, the New York democrats face. Mr. Hylan and Mr. Conners are on deck, and by their own party as by the other must be reckoned with in every- day fashion. Missouri. There are six candidates for the republican. senatorial nomination in Missourf. All are men of good posi- tion, and entitled to consideration. Republican hope seems to be strong. It is based probably an the character of the contest in progress for the democratic nomination. Nothing approaching that in warmth, and even bitterness, is re- called in the history of the state. Mr. Reed asks an indorsement on his rec- ord, while his opponent, Mr. Long, in- sists, ag former President Wilson does, that Mr. Reed's record in the Senate merits a rebuke on the part of the latter's constituents. The two candidates are canvassing the state thoroughly. Feeling is run- ning high. Men who for years have been in cordial agreement as to dem. cratic leaders and measures, and brothers at the polls, are now angrily divided as to these two democrats and what constitutes democracy today. There is expectation—the repub- licans entertain it confidently—that a primary so charged with ginger is bound to cause smarts and wounds that the short time between nomina- tion day and election day will be unable to heal; that the losers will either bhe languid or antagonistic in the campaign for election, causing a democratic loss at the polls. ' The nomination will be made August 1. which will leave three months for the democratic nominee and the repub- lican nominee to present their ciaims for election. Mr. Wilson, it is easy to believe, awaits Tuesday's result with much solicitude. A Long victory will hearten him for increased activity, with both November and 1924 in view, while a Reed victory will go straight to the hearts and hope of anti-Wilson democrats everywhere. Charles A. Cumberson. The defeat of Mr. Culberson brings to a close an interesting, useful and most honorable political career. He is sixty-seven, and out of health, and probably has no thought of another attempt in office. At home and here in Washington he has stood firmly for his convictions and been an influence for clean public life. He has met issues as they have arisen, not spectacularly, but with a quiet courage which has commanded respect from foes as well as friends. 1n office he has been a forward-looking and forward-moving man, and well to the front at all times. An act ‘of courake which cést the senator many votes in the Texas pri- mary was his condemnation of the Ku Kdux Klan. Although aware of the strength of the organization in his state, he did not hesitate to eharacter- ize it as & menace to our government and advise its dissolution or suppres- sion. As a result, the Klan used its strength against him and assisted in his overthrow. This marks his exit and will be quoted to his credit as long as his name is remembered. “Invisible em- pires” are not essociable with Amer- ican Institutions. All such organiza- tions or movements should, as Mr. Culberson advised in the case of the Ku Klux, be dissolved or suppressed. Otherwise conditions in this country will soon become intolerable. For such organizations, if coddled, multiply rap- 1dly, and are full of assertion. In this matter Texas loses more than does Mr. Culberson. He loses only his office. She, by rebuking him for one of the best deliverances of his whole public life, loses her place temporarily among the states best dis- posed and equipped for the support‘of law and order. ; ———— . Much of the money he won at ‘the gaming tables of Monte Carlo was be- queathed by the late Prince 6f Monaco to museums and scientific institutions. The luckless players who committed suicide never realized tbat:eventually their contributions would be employed in efforts to .serve mankind. And it would have been but slight consola- tion if they had foreseen the benefac- tion. -The desperate gambler is. no philanthropist. F ————— Lauded byFormer VicePresident BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Formerly Viee President of the United States. ROME, July, 1922. The great war was waged on such a stupendous scale that we are apt to consider it as a whole and to pay only slight attention to the various nations which were engaged in it. Those of us who speak, tRe English tongue are quite’ certain because of our knowledge of the motives and pur- poses which brought us into the conflict that the future good of the world depends upon a right understanding between English- speaking democracies, The Brit- ish empire and America might be able to maintain the peace of the world, but if other aid can be brought to that consummationy 80 devoutly to be wished, it should not be rejected. 1 am moved to the making of this observation because of my belief that there is not a_general knowledge in America of condi- tions {n Italy at the outbreak of the war. 1 doubt if a proper and just estimate of ,the contribution of the Italian people to the final result ever has received due ap- preciation in America. _ Before coming to Italy T shared the com- mon thought that her contribu- tion was negligible. * ok ok 1t is not what one achieves that weighs in the scales of progress 80 much as the service and sacri- fice which one gives to a right cause. No longer with me is it a question how many men of Italian Dbirth entered the army, nor how many of them died for the cause of the allies, nor how great was the military skill of their men- erals. TItaly's contribution trans- cends all those things. At the outbreak of the war there was In existence what was known as the triple allance, a contract for mutual defense be- tween Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Be it remembered that fine distinctions are not dmawn in war, and that no nation ever ad- mits that It Is the aggressor in a war. Everywhere and always warring people have claimed self- defense. The Italian government might well have accepted the Ger- man plea of self-defense and en- tered the war upon the side of the central powers. It would have been as hlameless as most people are when keeping alliance con- tracts. It was no light thing for this government to take the moral stand that Germmny was the ag- gressor and that therefore Italy was not hound to come to her as- sistance under the terms of the alliance. * %k % Not only external but internal conditions of Italy must be con- sidered, although it is quite diffi- cult for an American to under- stand, and mlmost impossible for him to appreciate the church ques- tion. 1In our land there has been such a separation of thurch and state that we cannot conceive a church organization, either Catho- lic or Protestant, which would hs- sume to have civil control over the people. Now and then some foolish persons have agitated a disturbance between Catholics and Protestants, but their activities, so far, in our history, have created only ripples upon the surface of our political waters. htholic tind Protestant continue to dwell together, each content to let the other worship God in accord with the dictates of his own conscience and both well assured that it is just as valuable for the church as it s for the state to have them en- tirely separate. Not =0 in Italy. Whether the neutmlity of the Pope was political or spiritual in its character, it is hard to de- termine. It is more charitable to assume that it was political, be- cause it would be difficult for one to understand how the vicar of God could be neutral in a contest between right and wrong. I mm inclined to treat his neutrality as political, and this is strictly in accordance with the claims which Benedict XV announced, namely, that he was the supreme political as well as the supreme spiritual head of the church. As Austria-Hungary was the last country to acknowledge the politi- cal as well as the spiritual head- ship of the church. and as the Pope himself claimed political _su- prem: it would not have been surprising hid he, instead of de- olaring his neutrality, decided to stand with the Austro-Hungarian empire. Indeed, it would have been nge if the sympathies of the cal party In Italy had not been with the central powers. 1 speak in no critieal spirit of the church. Tts supreme pontiff claiming what he did, it would have been unnat ural had not the sympathies of his party been with the government that entertained like views. Re: versing the situation, had the pon- tiff been a Protestant it would have been quite remarkableé had his sympathles not been with Great Britain and America. It was not, therefore, a thing to be wondered at that written documents and ap- peals throughout the kingdom were to the effect that Protestant ind and atheistic France were really waging a war against the church. en * x ox % Now add to this condition of pub- lic opinion the fact that Italy was permeated with socialistic ideas and that the cardinal principle of socialism is an intense hatred of war. Is it any wonder that many devout churchmen and many unbe- lievers joined together if an ef- forj to keep Italy neutral? More- over there were the trade relations which existed between Italy and the central powers. The British empire was not paying and had not paid any attention to the eco- nomic welfare of the Jtalian peo- ple, while the business relations which had grown up between the kingdom and the central powers had been of commercial advantage to_the people. In pointing out internal condi- tions T do not criticize the cleri- cal party as religlous organization. 1 merely cite the obstacles that confronted the Itallan government and the Italian people, first in de- claring neutrality, and secondly in actively entering into the war. I am too much of an American to assault any man's religious belief. Upon the other hand, I am too much of an American to consent that anywhere, the world around, a religious organization shall con- trol the political conduct of a people. It |8 my deliberate judgment that Italy could not have entered the war if a majority of the clergy of the Roman Catholic faith had been willing to follow up their sllent acquiescence {n the politi- cal supremacy of the Pope by an active campaign among the people to maintain that dogma. Italy is intensely Roman Cathollc. almost overwhelmingly so. The g him- zelf is a good Catholic and most of the public officials of the king. dom are of his faith. It must be that large numbers of the clergy, while not denying the political su- premacy of the head of the church, nevertheless quietly disputed it. It seems to be the case of a claim, not yet ready to be submitted to pubf¥c adjudication, but asserted for fear it may be forgotten. * % x % With these religious controver- sies and confiicting claime I have nothing to do. They interest me only mildly and I doubt very much whether the claim of the Pope to political supremacy interests many members of the church, save those who belong to the party of the Vatican. I do not cite them for controversal purposes. I should engage In no controversy as to the truth or falsity of any clalm un- Jess 1t asserted itself in America But I refer to all these condition: of external and Internal impor- tance to Italy, that Americans may understand that perhaps no people who entered into the great war upon the side of the allies had so many adverse and contending cur- rents of thought with which to deal in Inlklnf llr their final de- cision as the Italian people. t us give to these lovers of liberty and lovers of their church the high credit which belongs to them. They are a people whose hearts are moved by justice and ‘whose sympathles are enlisted for the right. They were willing to give of blood and substance to the uttermost to the cause in which they believed. English-speaking men should appreciate the fine spirit that moved the Italian gov- ernment and Itallan people to en- ter the great war. and appreciating it, they should cultivate a friend- ship based upon just treatment and kindly sentiment. (Copyright, 1922, by Thomas R. Marshall.) Insurance Aid in F oreign Trade ITH 1the expansion of Amerfcan export trade in- surance has become a very important phase of our for- eign commercial transactions. As re- gards marine insurance alone Ameri- can business men have been practi- cally at the mercy of foreign compan- ies, which is a very serious handicap in fair competition for world trade. The U.'S. 8hipping Board and the mer- chant marine committee of the House have been at work on a remedy. Sec- retary Hoover has ordered the set- ng up of a new agency In the Depart- ment of Commerce which by gather- ing together actual laws existing at home and abroad regarding commer- clal insurance, and by consultation with a committee of the foremost in- surance men to get their advice and opinion, hopes to be of real service to American business men. It, would be difficuit to mame any phase of foreign trade on which the average business man Is so inade- quately informed commercial in- surance, whether it relates to, the con- tents of -a policy covering an export shipment against loss or damage or to fire insurance on a warehouse located abroad. The lack of understanding regarding the service an individual or corporation buys when he pays his in- surance premium has resulted in a great deal of local legislation not In the best interests of American com- merce with foreign countries. Such reatrictive legislation has falled to take. into account the essential na- tional and international character of the business as has been emphasized by the national convention of insur- ance commissioners. * ¥ % ¥ To relieve this situation and to en- courage the American export ipterests to acquaint themselves with the meaning of the detalls of their insur- ance contracts—because marine in- surance, war-risk insurance and in- surance against pilferage enter Into practically every internationa! com- mertial deal—this new section on in- surance laws has been organized in the division of commercial laws, bu- reau of foreign and domestic com- :;clrc'e, of which A. J. Wolfe is the of. 3 . _This new section has started to compile the laws and regulations ex- isting in foreign. countries on every of commercial rimarily intended for the benefit and lor the education of the American manufacturers, importers and export- s engaged In transactions at home and abroad which invol the placing of international commercial insur- ance. This new section, commencing from the bottom. must build up entirely new files, and Mr. Wolfe estimates that it will require months before it can de- velop its usefulness to any marked degree. It will end very largely upon the advice and suggestions of recognized American experts in com- mercial insurance, and & committee i now being formed representing the various groups of commercial insur- ance iInterested In forelgn trade to co-operate with the insurance section of the division of commercial law. As an fllustration of how vital a part commercial insurance plays in our foreign trade, take an American company owning warehouses in Bra- 21l _and insuring them agalnst fire with an American company not reg-: istered in Brazil; if in the event of a ccnflagration it should collect the amount of damage suffered. it will find itself in direct conflict with Bra- zillan laws and will be subject to g fine of one-third of the amount col- lected. * x x % Marine insurance originating in the United States has for many years been dominated by foreign inter: It was by virtue of restrictive state laws and other unhappy factors turned over bodily to forelgn com- panles. American companies, on the other hand, have done very little ma- rine insurance in foreign countries. This state of affairs has caused deep concern to American citizens interest- ed in the untrammeled expansion of the legitimate commercial activities of the nation. It has been brought forcibly to the attention of Congress and remedial federal legislation is in the works. Fire insurance abroad is of interest blishments in forelgn countries and to American insurance companies seeking a legitimate expansion of their activities. The laws governing the formation of branches of insur-. ) ties, as well as other factors affecting their competitiveness with local and with other foreign insurance com- anies. » Bonding insurance is essentially an Anglo-Saxon ia::lil.lflm The writing ——— Petworth, that quiet section west of Soldiers’ Home, has enjoyed free. gree. This despite the fact that many of the alleys running through the various squares sre unlighted. But several requests were put by citizens through their local citi- sens’ assoclation to have the commit- tee on streets and lights have alley lights put up. This was done with a promptness that fairly dazed those who had sought them. Howe: nce they have been put up, some of the citizens are begin- ning to be doubtful of the effective- ness of light as a protection against crime. A member of the Petworth Citi- zens' Assoclation arose .at the meet- ing the other night and thanked the committee for its efforts, and prajsed its work most highly. ut my néighbors tell me.” he said, “that they never had any shorts stolen off their lines until after that light was put up in our alley. It had been so0 dark before that the thieves and Seen|Fifty Years Ag in in The Star Prison reform is & matter of cos Phratively short development. Half century ago the penal | Prison stitutions in this count and in England wes Reform, merely places of physic: detention without any thought for t! moral betterment of the inmates &n| but little regard for their physic: welfare. But & movement was of foot toward reform. In The Star July 24, 1872, is the following show| ing the progress of thought in thi line: “The International Prison Congres: composed of delegates from all th leading nations of Europe an America, has just closed its labors | London, having been in session abou ¥o weeks. A number of questions | relation to prison discipline were dis cussed and much statistical informa tion of Interest was presented. large majority of the delegates w deeply impressed with the impor: of tempering justice with me the wisdom of teaching prisc were unable to find the family wash.” . Brig. Gen. J. C. tner, U. S. A, and well known in this city, having been at one time assigned by the War Department as adjutant general of the District of Columbla Militia, ap- peared in Paris one day, after a trip from the front. The general has had wide experience in the Army, having recelved many difficult and trying assignments, some of them in the wilds of Alaska, and he is noted for his frankness. Shortly after he arrived in the French capital, wearing the bright silver star of a brigadier general on his shoulder, he met Gen. Pershing, commander of the American Expedi- tionary Forces. After hearty greet- ings, Gen. Pershing sald to Gen. Castner, looking with surprise at his star: “Who ever had the nerve to recom- mend you to be a brigadier general, Castner.” “Oh, I don’t know,” responded Cast- ner, in his straight-from-the-shoulder manner. “I suppose some old fossil who didn’t know what he was doing. That ended it for the time, and the two laughingly parted. But when thé war was over and Gen. Castner re- turried to Washington he found that he had been made a brigadier general on the highest recommendation of Gen. Pershing himself. “As it were yesterday I remember the day we landed at Castle Garden,” says Secretary James J. Davis of the Depart- ment of Labor. “The we included my mother, sister and five brothers. I re- member how we walked up Broadway and stared at the great buildinge 1 remember how we changed my Welsh name from Davies to Davis. 1 remem- ber that railroad ride through the strange new country to Sharon, and the little home there that my father was struggling to own My own early strug- gles come back to me. But no one can | tell me that opportunities exist no more in this country. * It cost me an effort to find mine, but it was there waiting for me. “It is the warmest desire of my heart to bring that experience now to service. For as Secretary of Labor one of the test duties that has fallen to my ot is to welcome the Incoming tide of aliens. Tt is expected of me to sift the undesirables from among them and send those back from whence taey came. The others I am charged with. the duty of making good citizens and good Ameri- cans.” Representative Benjamtm . Hum- phreys of Mississippi has had his share ! in the hubbub of life—and had an acti experience in three wars. When he was only three years old he was bundled out of the Mississippl executive mansion when his father, Brig. Gen. Benjamin G. Humphreys, Confederate states army, after serving three years as Gov- ernor of Mississippi, was forcibly ejected from the executive mansion by Federal moldlers under the command of Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames, U. 8. Army, who i then a district attorney, company and served through the war| under Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. He was | prominent in the democratic majority of | the House, handling legislation covering the American participation in the world soma useful trade, so that the, gain an honest livelihood a are set at liberty. The home secre- tary of Great Britain, who was pres- ent, attributed the decrease of crime| n his country to the influence of in- dustrial schools and reformatories 'n cutting off the supply of criminals; through the philanthropic labors of discharged prisoners’ aid socleties and to the general diffusion of knowledg: The question whether prison labor shouid be merely penal or industrial was under discussion during the ses- #lon and the general judgment of the cengress was against the treadmli and in fayor of industrial labor for prisoners.” * = % In The Star of July 25, 1572, is a news item telling of the death of John Keegan, who was Tragedy on fatally wounded dur- ing a performance of the Stage. ;. “rarce, “Obeving Orders,” at Metropolitan Hall in this city on the night of June 25 preced- ing. “It will he recollected,” says The Star's accous ¢, “that the deceased was taking ths part of ‘Hannah Gin’ while Mr. James Porter acted as ‘Col. Bullet' and Charles Brown as ‘Corp.. Trigger” During the farce Porter, engaged in writing a letter, called ‘ovar the military orders of ‘shoulder frms,' ‘read ‘aim,’ ‘fire, and Brown went through the motions, aiming and pulling the trig- ger at the comand of ‘fire, when the gun was distharged and Keegan fell It was found that the wadding of the musket had entered the brain. Dr Bulkley wrs called in and subse- quently the patient was removed 1t Providence Hospital, where every at tention was paid him, but without avail. Ha died last evening and some of his friends had his remains cofined and placed them on the 1 o'clock train for Philadelphix today The father of the deceased, who cane here soon after the occurrence peared at the depot Lefore the trair started and @wmanded that the re- mains should not be taken from the ity until a full investigation wa had before a caroner's jury. Ti created some exzitement about train and it was finally determin not to remove the body for the pro ent. It was takén ack to Provi- dence Hospital, wheve an inquest wil be held.” The inquest. which was held the day following, resul%ed in a verdict of accidental death. * * % Horace Greeley's food-chopping audiences did not long continue as & feature of the Eavesdropping at <7 ™ “;"‘E’LIM‘ g 72. e Star Woodchoppings. ¢ juiy 26 of that year {hus tells of their discon- tinuance: “After tomorrow Mr. Greeley's woodchopping matinees at Chap- paqua will be discontinued for the reason that, according to the Tribune, the Times has a reporter who ‘con- ceals his calling’ to make reports of private conversations on those oc- casions. The Tribune of vesterday, in commenting on this. says that for nearly twenty years Mr. Greeley has spent his Saturdays on his farm, when his engagements elsewhere did not forbid, and has generally sought health and recreation by devoting part of that day to trimming and thinning his woods, and that any friend who chose to do so WRs At liberty to drop in on him while thus engaged. Under the circumstances Mr. Greeley requests his friends not In All Loan Talk America Figures. PARIS. — Discussing prospective loans to end the existing economic crisis, the financial editor of 1'Oeuvre says: “There is question of issuing a loan n the different countries having avail- able funds which would be guaran- teed by Germany and the proceeds of which wodld be set apart for settling the reparations. By this means Ger- many would gain time and France se- cure a part of the necessary capital for reconstruction. “The idea Is excellent and it seems to be approved everywhere. Tt must, however, be practicable. It is. after all, not & question of putting theories down on paper, but chiefly of finding available funds. Who is going to sub- scribe the necessary capital and on what conditions? This is the essen- tial question. “And all those who try to answer this question, after having mentioned the neutrals and England, come to America. For it is really America who has the key to the situation. : G ¢ be Interesting to examine lhe“A::r)'h'nn point of view on this question of an international loan. We purposely say the Americans, for to- day it s with the individual Ameri- can, the man In the street, that we have to do. Times have changed since the war. Formerly governments could grant loans without consulting the people. Today it is not at ail the same thing. And we must realize that the .conditians made to us by the American bankers will be the same which their subscribers demand from them before giving them their money. “Thus if we examine the American point of view we see at once that ln is not so easy to interest the simpi® jtizen Of the United States in un:l Feconstruction. There s, first ot ALl a fundamental difficulty, little kno@n DIGEST OF FOREIGN PRESS e and not easily appreciated ihna;fl:::v“ arises from quite a dkfler: ent mentality from ours. The Ame:e jcan does not llke bonds or nnm papers; mostly he m-hn shares. n Phta immense indusfrial country each little town has its own business cum“» cerns. ‘he directors and the e ployes as well as the simple citizens of the town are shareholders. e s Fvcn ”’“-‘nl;l‘zuzgi"-zn ‘more co . e ily put their faith in sides this, America is very dif- lere;z t:cln England, for instance. sh; has no wish to extend her borders, 80 she falls back upon herself—her body to visit him after tomorrow.” not more than about 400.000. In some industries there is even almost a boom at the present time. The metallurgy and the motor trade have numbers of new orders. And quantities of new houses are springing up from the earth in the suburbs of the great towns. In &hort, prosperity is re- turning. and prosperity sometimes makes one selfish, “This does not mean that we mus' despair of America. On the coi- trary. But. in the first place, we m not exaggerate the ‘splendil isolation’ of the United States. If it is & fact that industry can do With- out Kuropean markets, it is not the same with agricuiture; for if the United States industry finds markeis in South America, in Asia and Rus tralla, agriculture, on the contrar, meets only with competitors there Europe alone remains as & market for her superfluous corn, cotton &nd frozen meat. It is not in the interest of the American farmer, Who, after all, is the prototype of the famous Uncle Sam, to let Europe sink into marasmus. 1f this is clearly explain- ed to him he will understand. “Another _reason for optim is that the Wall street bankers have realized all there is to gain in placing foreign loans in America. Therefore they have already begun what is per- haps the greatest financial publicity campaign which has ever existed. In order to place the shares of the last foreign loan in Wall street they sent their messengers in the quickest motor cars to the farthest borders of Texas and_California. “Little by little they will change the mentality of the immense ‘middle of firms, employes, class,’ heads farmers, commercial travelers. But at least they must not be told fre- quently that European affairs are too uncertain. This is what explains the attitude of many American bank- ers toward European political prob “Are; their fears, their objections, and their reproaches founded? Thau! is another question. But I must be clearly understood that very grea’ effort is needed to convince the Americans of our certain recovery and of the opportunity of helping in it. It Is not enough, after having proclaimed for three years that Ger- many will pay, to say now with the same optimism that America will lend the money. Monogamy as & Franchise Condi- tion. LONDON.—A curious bill has jus! been introduced into the French Chamber of Deputies according to the Paris correspondent of the Times. Its object is to make as condition of French citizenship for natives of Senegal the formal renun- oyes” h—an develop of em or bonds for the |is large enoug! d tries to ! tjssmes 8 ut‘n:: in l::l! tmln'. fi.’c‘h’: - .I:lr-fi::v: the same n.:d to 'u:;nog.i.l‘?i m: ;;‘.:'l. ‘:T':]lur:':t) :.i exten: ‘continen! m.' has % Vi are The posslblily of extending the ac- |hely SORUTRLS! sme nas suitered Trom | they have beer ailowed to follow their Sover these' aud & Sindy imdustrial crisis, but this islown customs and laws acqording to “dess: serious. thes are oamered. 18 | while exercising ",dudr.-'nn’:"lz’o‘?m‘ gl