Evening Star Newspaper, January 10, 1922, Page 4

.CONFERENCE DISCUSSION ON' AIRCRAFT LIMI1 The following statement was issued &t the closé of yesterday's meeting of the arms conference committee on limitation of armament. “The eighteenth meeting of the com- mittee on the Iimitation of armament was held this morning, January 9, 1922, at 11 o'clock, in the Pan-Ameri- éan building. The committee had under discus- mion the report of the subcommittee on aircraft. Mr. Schanzer sald: “The’- subcommittee of experts has come to the conclusion that there no practica] method for limiting mili- and naval aviation e Italian member of the subcom- mittee was alone of the opinion that such limitation could be obtained by limitation of air armament would permanent military organizations, and since the other powers are willing to accept the conclusions of the subcom- mittee and a proposal aiming to the limitation of air armaments would have no chance of being accepted to- day, we will limit ourseives to ex- pressing the desire that the future conference which will be called to study and define the laws of aerial warfare should take up again aldo the question of the limitation of aerial armament. Inaisted on Limitation. “We have aiways insisted on the limitation of armament in all flelds and would deem it regrettable that the competition which we have par- tially succeeded in naval armament should be. transfer- red to the dominion of military and naval aviation; this would be a serl- ous drawback’ to the work of the economlm_xl reconstruction of our coun- tries, which it is the duty of each of us to have in view. Mr. Underwood said that he not expressed his views very much to the conference. He was in hearty accord with what they had done. He himself believed in real disarmament, 10oKIng to the permanent peace of the world, and he would be very glad ¢ in but heavier-than-air craft and lighter-than-air craft both were used for land armament as well as sea armament. The man who was trained in one machine could fly the otheér and, in the main, the ma- chine that might be used with land armies, with slight changes, could be used in naval warfare. He personally would be very glad to see the ques- tion of limitation of land armament taken up, but he understood the con- ditions that confrented them and knew that it was not probable that it would come before this conference, for reasons thut it, was not neces sary to go into. Therefore, it did not seem to him practicable to pass reso- lutions in reference to the limitation of aircraft at this time. For that reason his view was in accord with the view of the technical subcom- mittee. Balfour Expresses View. Mr. Balfour said that it was im- possible to resist the practical con- clusions of the subcommittee on air- craft with regard to the limitation of heavier-than-air craft, which he understood was the point for im- mediate discussion. This was re- grettable, because one must regret anything that restricted our power to limit armament, whether by land or sea or air. But we must accept the facts as they now appeared and leave it to some future time to deal with the subject, when the technical dif- ferentiation between war and peace aircraft should have become clearer. Segator Underwood had put with great force a further special obstacle that stood In the way at the moment. As he had shown, the conference was precluded from dealing with the larg: er problems of land armament. Alr- craft were a land arm as well as & naval arm. Accordingly, to deal with the limitation of alrcraft at this time would be to deal with only a frac- tign of the subject of land armament and to leave wholly untouched the larger proportion of the great prob- lems connected with it. . There was another general argu- ment pointing in the same direction. TUnlike the case of subnia:.aes, in the case of aircraft military and civilian uses were not sharply divided. There ‘was practically no commercial cfvil use for a submarine, but there were many who thought that the develop- ment of aerial invention was going to exert an immense influence upon the economic development of mankind and upon the intercommunication of different peoples. In the present stage of their knowledge of air matters it seemed quite impossible to limit air- | exception were approved also. craft designed for military uses with- | suggested the elimination of excluding from| had | | i i | purpos: that were needed In the progress of civilization. They could not put a ban upon progress. They also knew. even if they prohibited ail aircraft for military purposes and allowed the requirements of civil time of war the bases of that de velopment would be immediately avajlable and within a short time provisions would be made amply for any possible military uses. Wor Limit Progress. The question, therefore, reduced itself not to one of limitatlion of armament, but to a limitation of civil progress, and, faced with that diffi- culty, there seemed to be no alterna- tive but to adopt the first resolution, so far as it applied, as It aid apply, exclusively to heavier-than-alr craft. | This appeared to be the sense of the committee. The chalrman then sz2id that the next question was whether it would be deemed practicable to impose a limitation in the case of lighter- than-air craft. He asked to their attention to what the subcom- mittee said h regard to this sub- ject. The statement was short and it brought before them the point quite clearly, and, w per- mission, he would read sub- committee said: “Many of the remarks made apply to lighter-tha but as in the case of commercial air- craft of thi ature, lim't both possi and practicabl unnecessary to recaptiluate the argu ment that the n valne of a dirigible is depel on size, and the size of d'rigibleg th number agreeme fracti as tion. But hot it. The nd t of a few simple rules. In »f such rules can be rapidly without detailed inspe uch a limitation of lighter than-air avlation forces would frect limitation of this kind o air power of a nition unless a limi- tation were also impo: n its lighter:than-air commerci activi- ties. The line of demarcation be- tween the large commerclal airship and the military airshlp is very slight and a commercial dirigible would require little, if any, altera- tion in order to adapt it to mill The objections to the 1 tation of the number or character of commercial lighter-th. have already been ren Previously Emphasized. The allusion was, apparently. the fact prev emphasized the report, as follow “As regards the desirability of limitations the committee has touched on those factors which must be un- derstood before arriving at de- cision. It feels it to be a duty lay great stress upon the following fact which will have a decided bear ing upon_any determination of the proper policy to be adopted; any limi- tation as to the number and character of civil and commercial aircraft, heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air, which is efficacious to hinder thelr utility for war purposes, must in- terfere disastrously with the natural devolopment of adPonautics for le- gitimate civil and commercial en- terpr To limit the science of aeronautics in its present state is to shut the door on progres: It is for the conferen de whether the limitations can with diffi- culty be devised and imposed are to be adopted at such a cost. - It was, therefore. practicable to im- pose a limitation, by agreement. upon the size of dirigibles.” Questions as to limitation of number could be con- sidered separately, but certainly it was practicable to_impose a limita- tion upon size. The queStion was whether it was desirable to do so, in view of the fact that commercial dirigibles could be converted into military dirigibles, and therefore the the question was whether the advan- tage in the limitation of armament, that is, in having an agreed limit of size of dirigibles, was so great that it offset the disadvantage of limiting the size of dirigibles for commerocial purposes. The chairman presented that question for discussion. No one desired to discuss the matter. Calls for Expressions. The chairman then asked if it was the desire of the committee to state, 2s their conclusion, in view of the arguments presented by the subcom- mittee, that it was not practicable to impose limitations upon lighter- than-air craft, or if it was their de- sire to present a resolution contain- ing such a limitation. Senator Schanzer said that he only desired to ask the chairman if the first proposal, whioch made an excep- tion for lighter-than-air craft, were approved, might it not seem that tflhz the to in out also limiting aircraft designed | words “excepting in the single case for commercial uses; so that every|of lighter-than-air restriction which could be. put upon aircraft would have a double reac-:of Mr. Schanzer was that it would tion. It might, and perhaps would, diminish the number of aircraft which could be used for military purposes, but it could not carry out that ob- Ject without also diminishing the number of aircraft to be used for the peaceful purposes of international in- tercommunication. In those circum- stances he must admit with reluct- ance, but with a olear conviction, that probably the subcommittee was in the right when they said it would be quite hopeless, nad not only hopeles: but undesirable, to attempt at the present time and in the present stage of our knowledge to limit aircraft. He was, therefore, prepared to give hig adhesion to the first part of the first resolution. Approves First Resolution. M. Sarraut said that he had just listened to the presentation o. a cer- tain number of observations in con- sequence of which he desired to state that the French delegation gave its ful] assent to the first resolution pro- posed by the committee. The reasons adduced appeared to him excellent, and the conclusion reached by the impartial investiga- tion of the experts was luminous. If he might be permitted to expre: his personal point of view, he woul say that he still regarded with the gravest apprehension any act which might be of a nature to paralyze the progress of aviation. He had a profound belief in the beneficial effects to humanity of avl: tion. If it resulted in terrible engines of war, it might also be an instru ment of the first importance in time of peace. Already, indeed, the plane was used in the administration of those distant and desolate lands called great des- erts by the experts, and where more thananywhere else suffering humanity, had need- of care and of assistance. In the French colonies, very serious efforts had been made to effect the long-distance transportation of . sential objects and to bring medical and surgical assistance. Very im- portant results had already been at- tained along these generous and hu- mane lines. Under these conditioms, it woul(:hb: a tion, and it was with this understan: ing ‘that the French delegation gave its full and entire adherence to the proposals of the committee. Kato Sees Distant Need. Baron Kato said the question of aircraft did not demand elaborate discussion at present. He believed, however, that the time would come . when it would be necessary to effect a limitation upon the use of aircraft. He agreed with the conclusion of the subcommittee that it was impractica- ble at present to effect any limitatio; upon the use of “heavier-than-air” craft. Therefore he accepted the pro- poeal on behalf of the Japanese dele- sation. The chairman said that he thought that they all felt a deep disappoin ment in being unable to suggest practical limitations on the use of aircraft in war or on the preparation of afrcraft for military purposes. ‘They knew full well that in aircraft there was probably the most formida- ble military weapon of the future. And yet, addressing themselves as Ppractical men, to the groblem, they Zound no_answer to the arguments Whi been set forth succinctly, ‘but most forcibly, by the technica¥, mittee. Teason was, a&s ‘hy had -'fi =mu. that they were \ craft. The chairman said the suggestion accomplish the purpose, if it was not proposed to put a limitation upon the lighter-than-air craft, fo adopt the conclusion of the subcommittee, leaving out the last clause, so that the sense of this committee would be stated to be as follows: “The committee is of the opinion that it 18 not practicable to impose any effective limitations upon the numbers or characteristics of air- craft, either commercial or military.’ Text of *Resolution. The chairman said that it was sug- gested by Mr. Balfour that the words “at present” should be inserted be- fore “practicable.” That seemed to be a very good suggestion, because that was what they were doing—not indicating that in the future it would not become practicable. Then the res- olution would read: 5 “The committee is of the opinion that it is not at present practicable to impose any effective limitations upon the numbers or characteristics of aircraft, either commercial or mili- ary.” 4 H’e then asked for an assent to this and it was unanimously adopted. The chairman then said that they came to the next recommendation or conclusion of the subcommittee, as follows: “The committee is of the opinion that the use of aircraft in war should be covered by the rules of warfare as adapted to aircraft by a further con- ference, which should be held at a later date.” The subcommittee had taken occa- sion to review the difficulties, at the present conference, in adopting de- talled rules of war. Cites International Law. Senator Schanzer sald: “We prove the proposal which aims at the convocation’ of a conference for the study of the rules of aerial warfare. But we belleve, gentlemen, that cer- tain principles of international law exist in relation to the use of aerial weapons which deserve to be solemn- 1y proclaimed today by this same con- ference. “Since we have accepted, for humane reasons, the prohibition of the use of submarines against merchant ves: we feel it our duty now, in consist ence with principles of justice and coherence, to put forward in our turn a proposal concerning the use of mili- tary airplanes and airships and of all ‘other warlike means for the bom- b: ‘Everybody recalls ti atrocities perpetrated by the Ger- mans and their allles during the last war, when open. towns were bom- barded with so ‘large’® sacrifice of lives of non-combatants, women and children. In certain countries many towns suffered by such bombard- ments, which were a menace not only to the .peaceful inhabitants, but also to historic bulldings, to monuments, to immortal works of art which cer- tain towns possessed, and which were the patrimony not only of the towns directly smitten, or of the nation.to which the town .belonged, but of the whole of humanity.” Indorsed by de Hon. Admiral de Bon fully indorsed the views of Mr. Schanzer; he recalled that article 25 of The Hague conven- tion of 1907 prohibited the bombard- ment of unfortified cities in any man- ner whatever. During the late war unfortified cities were bombarded not only by airplanes, but by land and "l oot suid that th . Root sa ere was some or alleged uncertalnty Ll v saintained can be limited by ! 1 not llhe application ot The Hague rle re: garding the bombardment of und fended towns to the action af air- Jeraft. Of course, when the rule limi ed bombardment to defended towns. when it prohibited the bombardment of undefended towns, it had reference to military or maval operations against towns that afforded military to those that the commander should notity the defended place so that the civilians migkt have an.ounoriunity to with- draw. As to the undefended towns, he must not bembard tiem at all. Now, those distinctions did not seem to fit bombardments from the sky. No town defended against such bom- bardment. If the rule were strictly applied, it did not prohibit the bom- bardment of Paris, because of the forti- fications surrounding Paris. It was a defended town. Most of the cities in Europe had some sort of defense. He fully sympathized with the view which Senator Schanzer took. If the commit- tee were going to act, he wished Senator hanzer would apply his very acute ct towards making tais rule more definitely applicable to the existing cir- cumstances of alreraft and towns de- fended as against land atta but wholly uudefended as against air at- t afll resolve the uncertainty that | resulted from the fact that the rules re not le for air attacks. He thought the committee would render very useful ser if it could do that, far beyond merely repeating a ‘rule and leaving this uncertainty Rules Have Restrictions. When one considered these two rules, that u defended town must not b bombarded without notice sufficient to enable the innocent—the women nd the children and non-combat: ~to withdraw, and that an undefend- ed town must not be bombarded at all. when one considered these tw he spirit of them could pre- from bombarding any w Bombard d {unction, a station crossing? Bombard a munitions factor he center of an innocent pop No, not unde circam- ances at all. Root concluded, rule was in quate, and if the committee were & ing 1o speak, it ought to make it ade- | quate. The chairman said there seemed to be general acceptance of the spirit and purpose of the proposal made by nator Schanzor. It was obvious from the discussion that in detail the matter was one which, llke other rules relating to war, would require the most careful and probably pro- tracted consideration of a commis- sion of jurists, In order that the new situation which had been developed should be carefully considered, and {rules framed with precision to meet | them. | | Wartare Rules Progress. The chairman said that the com- mittee was now considering the recommendation of the subcommittee that rules of warfare should be con- dered by a further conference. He suggested for the consideration of the committee that instead of taking that course, provision should be made for the creation through the action of the powers here represented, of a commisslory of jurists, which should, at an early date, take into considera- tion the question of rules of war which seemed to be demanded by new exigencies and revelations on the adaptation of new instruments of warfare, to the end that recommenda- tions might be presented to the pow- iers for their acceptance. The chair- man feared that a future conference, for example, dealing with a qugstion of this technical ¢haracter—technical in the sense that it would require very close study by jurists—would find itself much in the same position that the committee was in; it would have to wait until it was advised by legal experts. Perhaps the best form that this ‘ould be put in. and the most prac- { tical action, would be for the powers ! here to agree to designate members 1of a commission of Jjurists, who should make a report and recom- i mendation. View of Sir Robert Borden. Sir Robert Borden said that at the | previous meeting he had made a sug- gestion on this subject. He was, | however, quite content that what he had said then should be left for the consideration of the proposed future conference or commission. Even a commission of jurists would find ex- tremg difticulty” in dealing with a question so complicated in its nature. It was obvious that the present con- ference could not deal with it satis- factorily. Senator Root had observed that a railway junction or & muni- tion factory might prope: jected to bombardment. guL inas- much ae modern warfare by its very nature involved all the energles of each nation engaged, it would be found that railway junctions, muni- tion factorles and other such points of attack were everywhere scattered among- the habitations of the inno- cent _ population. Accordingly, it would be necessary to consider how far eand by what restrictions the bombardment of such points could be prevented: and, on the other hand, to consider whether it would be feasible to prohibit absolutely any attacks on such war ebjectives. The subject was an entirely proper one for some fu- ture commission or tribunal, but it should be considered whether or not the establishment of such a commis- sion_could be appropriately confined to the five powers here represented The chairman replied that it w: his idea that it should not be so con- fined, but that the representatives of the five nations should initiate the project. He said that he supposed that a resolution for the constitutic of such a commission of jurists would have to be considered most carefully in order that it should ba framed with precision and that it might well be committed to the committee on drafting, with bring in an approprlate resolution to the end sought. It might be suffi- cient now to declare the adherence of the committee in principle to this, i that the nations here represerted should provide for the avpointment of a commission of jurists .to con- sider the rules. of war which were affected by the events of the late war, and also require invastigation in the light of the developraent of new agencles of warfar and he would ask if there was any objec- tion to adherence to that principle, leaving the precise resolution to be formulated by the committee drafting. Balfour Makes Suggestion. i the chairman was well advised in eaying that this matter should proh- ably be considered a little more olosely than it was possible to co: sider it on an occasion like the pres- | ent or in the present assembly. There- .| fore he weicomed the view that the’ matter should go before the drafting committee. . He had, however, two suggestions to make which he Loped the drafting committee iould -con- sider. _The first was that it would be most inadvisable, in his opinion, to limit the matter to jyrists. That was a point which concerned not merely the framing of the law ar the mode of fitting into the general tissue of our system of internationzl law any new laws or rules that might be devised. For that purpose, nc doubt, jurists were essential, and jurists should play a very great part in any inquiry such as that now proposed. But, after all, the people who had éen those instruments at work, who knew' what those instruments had involved in the past and what they were likely to involve in the fature, should have more to say in resfrd to the. framing of such ruies than the most expert. authority upon inter- national law. He thought that they should play a not less important part in any imquiry which was made sflb!ecl. . He d@id not know whether his sec- ond suggestion would meet with gen- eral approval, but he would very much like to see the area of inquiry reasonably limited. Tnternational law, and especially international law dealing with" the laws of war, was extraordinarily complicated. He could not deny that it ought to be dealt with and he could not see how any- body could deny it. For himself, he could not refuse to accept the prop- osition that the mere fact of de- velopment.of methods of warfare car- ried with it an almost inevitable corollary that the ruls f warfs should be revised. Would Divide Inguiry. But that subject was 80 and so enormous and was £ ummmu&m obstacles to those operations, and as! towns the provision wasj instructions to | on Mr. Balfour sald that he thought nts | be #ub- ! g l Rules for The Star’s $1,000 Prize School Essay Contest The subject of the essay is: “The Arms’ Conference and Its Significance.” The contest is open to all pils in the public, private and parochial schoois of the District of Columbia who are included in the two following classes: Senior class—Students in the senior high schools and the ninth grade of the junior high schools; students in the pri- vate and parochial schools between the ages of fifteen and eighteen, inclusive. Junior class—Pupils in the seventh and eighth grades of the junior high schools and similar grades of the elementary schools ; papils in the private and parochigl'schools between the ages of twelve and fourteen, inclusive. Eighty-eight cash prizes, aggregating $1.000, will be awarded winners of the contest. "There will be forty-four prizes, amounting in all to $500, for each of the two classes. The Star will award a grand prize of $100 to the winner in each of the two above-mentioned classes. prizes will thus be two, aggregating $200. | The second prize in each class will be $50, making a total of $100 in second awards. There will be -two prizes essayists whose work is adjudged third best. Therefore, a total of $100 will be awarded The fourth prize group will consist of five prizes of $15 each for each class, making a to $150. There will be twenty prizes of $10 each awarded as fifth prizes, or ten prizes in each class, making a total of $200. . Fifty prizes of $5 each will be awarded as sixth prizes, twenty-five prizes in each class, amounting to $250. A General rules for the essay contest follow : Participants must be bona fide pupils in the schools out- lined above and must be certified as such by their respective teachers. 3 The section teacher shall high and junior high schools. the teacher certifying shall be the regular teacher of the contestant. In parochial and shall certify. Essays must be wri preferably with a typewriter, legible manner. 3 A nom-de-plume: must be written in the upper left-hand corner of the essay. together with the name of the school tten on one side of the paper only, The grand of $25 each in cach class for as third prizes total of ten prizes, amounting certify the contestant in the In the other public schools private schools, the principals or else in ink, in a neat and chosen by the contestant and and class, if in public school, and age if in private or parochial school. The contestant’s own name must not be written on the essay. The correct name of the contestant, together with the nom-de-plume and name of the school and class if in public school and age if in private or parochial school, must be written on a separate sheet of paper and that placed in a separate envelope and sealed. This envelope must be sub- mitted with the essay, pinned to the first sheet. Entrants in the contest should follow this form: Write at the top of the first page of the essay— Nom=de plume s, o Hrhteesiisanh suseiainsnti School..: . sucesmesie Class (if in public school)... Age (if in private or Name... Nom-de-plume School...... Class (if in publ ic scl the limitation of armament. In sending or bringing the essays to The Star office, contestants should address them as follows: ESSAY CONTEST EDITOR, Special rules for the two follows : ; in length. in length. hool). .. S SRttt - Age (if in private or parochial school)........... Write on separate sheet to be inclosed in sealed envelope and the envelope pinned to the first sheet of the essay— Contestants will be put on their honor to receive no actual aid in the writing of the essays. They are, however. urged to consult the daily press, libraries, authorities on the subject and any other available source of reference. The date for closing the contest will be announced later, as it will depend upon the adjournment of the conference on The board of judgeé will be composed of Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas, chairman of the joint congressional school investigating committee; Alexander T. Stuart, director of parochial school).. e The Star, Washingtcl))n, classes outlined above are as Senior class—Essays must not be more than 1,000 word$ Junior class—Essays must not be more’ than 600 words intermediate instruction of the public schools and former superintendent ; Associate Justice Wendell P. Stafford of the of Howard University. within the committee of experts and Jurists that he would like to divide such an inquiry into two parts. The part of the general inquiry in which they were most Interested which had most usefully occupled some of the attention of the conference was real- ly adequately described in the list on the agenda which the chairman had brought forward on behalf of the Department of State at the be- ginning of their labors. Among the sub@ivisions on the subject of limi- tation of armaments there was the following subheading: “Rules for th control of new agencles of warfar It seemed to him if that conference would limit, at all events. in the first instance, the work of the mixed committee of experts and jurists to rules for the control of new agencles of warfare, they would be more like- ly to come to a_ speedy conclusion and much more likely to obtain a conclusion - which _would be unani- mously adopted. He, therefore, sug- gested for the consideration of ail his colleagues round that table whether that humbler but still all- important subject would not be suf- ficlently wide in its scope to occupy the attention of even the most pow- erful committee . which they were able to provide for {ts investigation. Force in Suggestions. The chairman sald there was great force in the suggestions made by Mr. Balfour and he, personally, had not the slightest objection to their adop- tion. It was not at all the intention that this proposed commission should ‘consist of jurists who would work in disregard of the recommendations of technical experts., He supposed that the jurist rep: ting each country wonid be advised very fully of all technical matters by both military and naval experts, but that when it came to the point of formulating the legal rules which should be adopted it-would require-the special training of jurista in order that the informa- tion and advice and proposals fur- nished by military and naval experts could be edequately considered aad those which were adopted suitably expressed. There was not, however, the slightest objection to having thé dommission 1 enlarged, if that would seem to be desirabl Sees Streagth im 3 He had’ found, however, that when it came to a question of drafting rules the fewer therée wers who were the work the Sl snch e eyt sho! gx‘-‘man available fnd the aid of all the experts who could possibly throw light upon the subject, & very few Jmén-competent in drafting, associat- ed together for that pufpose, could accomplish much more than a large committee. He also felt the force of the s estion of limiting the scope = quiry. That was very: District Supreme Court; Mrs. president of the Women’s City Club, and Prof. Kelly Miller Lyman Beecher Swormstedt, sidered when the tentative agenda was suggested, and the proposal made to which Mr. Balfour had referred. It seemed to the chairman that the question of the method of constitut- ing the commission and the scope of the inquiry to be intrusted to it could well be committed to the considera+ tion of the committee on draft and the committee could awalt thelr rec- ommendation. If that was agreeable to the delegates, he would simply ask asgent in principle to the constitution of a commission for the purpose of dealing with the subject of rules of warfara in the light of the develop- ments of the recent war. Suggests Reservations. Mr. Balfour said that while he was perfectly ready .to have the matter referred to the drafting committee he would like to make reservations limiting the scope of the drafting committee’s work, and asked the chairman's advice as to how thi, - sult might be attained. o The chairman assumed that both of the -ur{emonu Mr. Balfour had made should be deemed as referred to the committee, and that they would take those into consideration, as well as others that might be advanced In the course of their discussion, and that the committee should bring in a rec- ommendation, which could then be discussed In-the light of the argu- ments they advanced for its support. Mr. Balfour said that would be sat- isfactory. . After a vote was taken the chair- man announced that the sugi 4s to"t‘hc reference to 'n:a :Inmnr cqumittes were unanimously ap- "n':“' th 1 S5 ereupon the committee adjourned until Tuesday, Januaty 10, 1922, at 11 o'clock a.m. —_— VIRGINIA -FARMER SLAIN. Also Robbed of Over $4,000—Wife Finds Body in Yard. - - SALISBURY, Md., January 10.—Leon- rd W. Belote, & wealthy farmer r siding near Tasley, Va., about twemnty miles from heré, was killed and robbed of more $4,000, it became known here yesterday. Belote withdrew the money from a bank to conclude the purchase of farm. Returning to his home, he went to & coal box at the rear of the building to obtain fuel for the night. Several hours later his wife stumbled over his body in the yard. His skull had been crushed, appar- ently by & heavy instrument, and his m;:loy ‘was missing: kill Iayt l&mt‘ one who saw him get money at the bank and followed Alm to-his home, ¥ . IPOLE WEATHER TIPS iperaments” will e |boon to the w { Institute. | moved from expressed the delfef he was| Th THE EVENING STAR, -WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY ,10,> 1922. AMUNDSEN T0 SEEK Expects to Return Here With Krloyvledge for Scientists’ Predictions. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 10.—Within four years Capt. Roald Amundsen, the South pole, expects to return to civilization from the north pole, In Dossession of the knowledge and |power that will enable scientists to predict weather conditions for a year or more in advance. Capt. Amundsen. who arrived here | from Seattle, Wash., sk ington, D. ., 1 ‘ With directors of the Carnegie Insti- tute detuils of his renewed attempt drift across the top of the world | in_his ice-bound. craft i With him he will take instruments | for a super-sclentific study of the | upper air reaches of polur region: He says he will attempt to work out the theory of Prof. Vilhe Bjerkne of the University of Christiania, Nor- | way, that th weather conditions at the north pole govern the weather 6f the remainder of the earth's sur face and that an intimate knowledg of the farthest north weather “‘tem- p ple scientists to Getermine for a year or more in ad- jvance a more or iess cxact chart of weather conditions in the remainder | of the world. If this Is accomplished. , it will prove an inestimable I's crop growers. Capt. Amundeen will make all his scientific nports te the Carnegie His vess.l. the Maude, 18 now being provisioned in Seattle for a seven-year voyage, although the Norse explorer belleves he will com- plete his unique expedition in less than four years. There will be nine men in his party, including Capt. Oscar Wisping, who was one of his crew on the trip to the south pole, The Maude will mail next June. The explorer brought to New York two adopted daughters. members of the Tejuktaji be of Siberia. They are the fipst of their people to visft the Unjted States’ Cakonita, five years ofd, is a full blooded Tsjuksji, but the other, Camila Carpendale, eleven, is the daughter of a Russian fur trader. Capt. Amundsen said he adopted the | two when he found ‘hem starving | with their tribe near Wrangel island. | They will lcave in a few days for Christiania, where there foster- father has arranged for their edu- cation. U. S. RELIEF WORKERS STRICKEN WITH TYPHUS Three Suffering From D.rgnd Dis- ease,in Near East—Another Has Typhoid. EW YORK, January erican workers in the near east have been stricken with typhus and another with typhoid fever, accord- ing to dispatches to the Near East Relief made public last night at the annual meeting of the trustees of the organization. The typhus victims, the cable mes- sage stated, were: Miss Elizabeth Bury of Pawtucket, R. L. chief nurse at the Harpoot station, in Anatoli “I Cyrus P. Zimmerman of Schaffers. town, Pa., also stationed at Harpoot, reported as recovering, and Miss Theda B. Phelps, Philadelphia, a sistant_director of the Sivas station. Dr. Mark Ward of Suffern, N. Y. in charge of the Harpoot station, | was reported as seriously ill with yphoid. _Menno Shellenberger of esston, §Kan., died Saturday of smallpox -at- Diarbekir, Turkey, an- other cable said. Dr. James L. Barton 6f Boston was elected chairman, and former Am- bassador Henry Morgenthau, Cleve- {and powers of the federal iment, from which subsequently arose ;1)19 great basic principles of the po- {litical rarties of the present day. Arctic adventurer and dlscoverer of | |levging duties upon foreign imports, | government fconstructionists, | FIRST SESSION OF 17th CONGRESS WAS HELD ONE HUNDRED YEARSAGQ The Seventeenth Congress held its first sessions from the 3d of Decem- ber, 1821, to the 8th of May, 1822, 100 years ago, At the beginning of Presi- dent James Monroe's second admints- | tration, “an era of good feeling in the | history of the American republi Yet this period marked a division among the republicans and democrats on the questions of the limitations govern- accordance with the recommendation of President Monroe, a ' resolution was passed recognizing the independ- ence of Mexico and five ¢ states n South Amrica, formerly under the dominion of Spain as provinces; and $100,000 was appropriated to defray the ‘expenses of envoys to those re- publics, thus making the first official recognition of our sister republics in the South American continent. | "As early as 1517 Henry Clay had ardently advocated in Congress th | @ppropriation of money for sending an accredited minister to the self- Iiberated state of Buenos Ayres. His motion had, however, been rejected. | By 1822, throukh the efforts of Boli var and other patriotic South Ameri- can liberators, Chile YVeru, Granada and ' Venezeula had be- come free and independent republics. Monroe's Memorable Measage. It was during this memorable Con- | BTess, the 182 hundred Monroe xent a message which he dec the American irndependent Those who favored the policy of with a view speciaily to protect do- mestic manufactures in the United States, and also of entering into a system . of internal {mprovements throughout the s by the federal opposed by rict who were decidedly against a protective tariff and to a xystem of general snternal improve- ments to be carried on by the federai government. On the 4th of May, 1822, President Monroe sent to (Ongress a message on the subject of internal ovements, which, It was saih at ime, was one of the ablest state Dapers ever issued from the executive department on the general nature, character and powers of the federal government under the Constitution, During this sessién of Congress, in sta were principle coutinent, by frec uné position ~ which have asxumed and maintai henceforth not to be consu subjects future colohization any Luropean power. This principle ix beeh known and p tory of the civil | Monroe doctrine. OBJECTS TO HIGHER VIREINIA ASSEMBLY RATES AS REMEDY| OPENS TOMORRC L [3 Secretary Wallace Discusses ;Important Questions Sched- Railroad Deficits and Agri- uled to Come Before Bien- culture Readjustments. . nial Session. By the Associated Press. By the Associated Press. PHILADELPHIA, January 10— RICHMOND, Va.. January 10—Vir- To bring about a normal readjus ginia legislators were arriving in ment in agriculture and, through it.| Richmond tod: X 5 ay for the o industry, raflroad deficits “must be e the biennial session of the state gen- met by reductions in operating cost|eral assembly here tomorrow. rather than by advances in rates,” Se aiid % 4 the Important matters which wlil Secretary Wallace of the Department | come before the lawmakers is a pro- of Agriculture, declared in an address | noged reorganisation of the state hieh. last night before the Traffic Club of | way system, o proposed merger of e Frently meeds® he Sajistment o | medical department of the University freight (rates on farm products to a | of VITEI0R With the Medical College e ear abou 3 g £ same ratio to the price the farmer ! tioh of the Virginia pilotuge system VaiTa Before ‘harSyBroducts 48 Pe- | Ny Tmember. of the Virgiem 3 e Virginia Suggestion of Remedy. supreme court of appeals to succeed the late Jud E¢ V. i rould be better for all interesta, | of Rocky S P S ecretary continued, if. during the | Separat. Tosonstructlor, period, & general price | Senate will be he1a toniams, wrme and per cent above the v i = n rm prices brought up to this o . level rather than that other prices be | ,,*/Shts are expocted to develop over forced down to the level of agricul- | 1 Paalicl aaknsmy legislation and urs rodu 3 - erger. possible 4t present, he eaid sy other| .A Tecommendation by the Virginia Drices must come’ down &5 agricur. | G004 Roads Association that $50.000 ;l;{::ig’:k‘:esrg::ne up, until the normal 22‘3..‘.’:’:;:‘,:,,' :s:n‘dns be issued for road 8 ored.” e state also is - Talks of “Efficieney.” 3;(;!:3‘!!0 dpr&]clpll?le a contest. n":. An_ “efficient” agriculture and an | tion which mecs heie < 2dministra- “eflicient” transportation system, Mr. monr:xg:rhaxfn’;ngofi o omselwits The Wallace declared, are indispensable | Trinkle is opposed 1o ihe bone isnrsy to the national welfare and are de-| " Entablishment of the® cmnd S5ue: Said, “in: w0 very ~ intimate’ tha | Of the leislature by Gov. Trinkle, it neither “can afford to acquiesce in |8 Understood. 2 cnm:lm" which seriously affects the other.” Any material advance in ‘TALIAN IMMIGRANTS MUST USE ITALIAN SHIPS . at Ly fa ~ the cost of producing or marketing crops, without a corresponding ad- vance in the price received from the products, the Secretary asserted, “plunges agriculture into a state of depression, and the greater the dif- ference between the cost of produc- tion and marketing and 'the price recelved, the more serious the de- pression.” Rome Government Notes Great Hardship in New American Restriction Law. land H. Dodge, Abram I. Elkus, Har- old A. Hatch, William B. Milliar, Dr. Stanley White and George A. Plimp- of New York, and Walter George Smith of Philadelphia were elected members of the executive committee for the year. \ SCOTTISH WOOLEN MEN ON TOUR OF AMERICA Experts to Study Conditions Here and Protect Trade Mark Rights. NEW YORK, January 10.—A dele- gation of seventeen manufacturers, representing the Scottish Woolen Trade Mark Association, arrived here yesterday on the steamship Baltic to visit the woolen interests of United States and Canada. ‘The delegation, according to a statement issued by-its secretary, F. H. Bisset, is here, not to sell or talk prices, but to advance the interests of their protective trade mark—an emblem secured from the British government in 1918 to protect the “traditional reputation of Scotch woolens from adulterated imitations.” Members of the party, according Mr. Bisset, represent approximately one-half of the woolen business of Scotland. Their itinerary calls for a visit to Washington on January 14- 15, thence to Philadelphia and back to New York. On January 22 and 23 they will be in Boston and from there will go to Montreal, Toronto and Hamilton and back to New York by way of Buffalo, Rochester, Cleveland and Chicago. % \ ATLANTA BOOKS OPERA. Arrangements Made With Metro- politan for Twelfth Season. ATLANTA, Ga., January 10.—An- nouncement has_been made by the Atlanta Music Festival Association that .arrangements have been made with the Metropolitan Opera Com- pany of New York for the twelfth annual season In Atlanta next spring. The season will open Monday, April 24, and close Saturday, April 29. Seven operas, which will be se- lected by the associatton, will be pre- sented here by the company. The 1list of stars will be headed by Ame- lita Galli-Curci, Martinelll, Orville Harrold and others. WOMAN LEAPS TO DEATH. Plunges Into Crowd En Route to . Grave of “Unknown.” By the Associated Press. PARIS, January 8—A this. aftérnoon jumped 3 har "dcatn from the top of thé Arc de Triomphe. among a crowd of maurn- aitho "lfi carrying fi ers w lowers to deco- rate the grave of thn"“imhm soldier” buried under the arch. T v which she could be mz':'u‘nn. g ICETON, N. J., January 10.—H. ', Willet, the Princeton sophomore of ‘Washington, who wi o8t killed in an expiosi improving. His eyesight, was at first thought to bé 18 now expected to be saved and his general condition is_impro ‘Willett was conducting experiments with' various combinations of chem cals ‘when the explosion oeccurred. index finger on his right hand was amputated by - force of the explosion and four others were fraoc~ *|LANDSLIDE WIPES OUT MAY OFFER MR. HOOVER $100,000 A YEAR SALARY Proposed as Director of Philadel- phia’s Sesqui-Centennial jto Be Held in 1926. PHILADELPHIA January 10.—Sec- retary of Commerce Herbert Hoover was proposed as director general of the sesqui-centennial exposition. at a salary of $100,000 a year for five years, by Councilman Charles B. Hall yvesterday when the sesqul-centel nial committee of the Philadelphia city counell’ was organized. It is g;zogu!ed to hold the exposition in The committee approved Mayor Moore's request for a $5, propriation as the city's exposition expense. ROME, January 9.—The foreign office has published an ogder pl:)- %lb«lz‘e'g'stn.m" immigrants to the | ates to travel i Italian vessels. e . This provision,” says the order, is made £0 as to comply with the American law, which has brought such grave damage to our mercan- tile marine, since the number of passengers permitted to be trans. ported to the United States already h]n been axl‘u.usted up to June. For- eign companies have transported - Afth of these emigranis s MIAMI-BARBADOS CABLE DISPUTE NEARS SOLUTION Western Union Manager Says Splicing Can Be Made in Two Days. MIAMI, Fla, January 10.—The Miami-Barbados cable would be put into operation within ten days after the granting of permission for its landing here, W. A. Moore, manager of the Miam! Western Union bffice, sald when informed that negotia- tions for a settlement of the long- standing controversy were nearing & lalTI.lliom < am he actual work of grappling for and :pncln§ the wires, both enfis of which are {lnl at the bottom of the ocvan three miles off Miami, would take but two da: he 14, but a cable ship must here from New York. CATHEDRAL IN SICILY Post Office Also Wrecked in San Fratello—People Flee to Country. MESSINA, Sicily, January. 9.—A tremendous landslide today destroyed the cathedral, the post office and many dwellings in the town of San Fratello. The entire population fled to the country. The slides are con- tinuing, and much damage is being done to the remaining buildings. No deaths have been reported. Communication with San Fratello is interrupted. Rellef partle® have been sent to the scene. The landslides are due to recent heavy rainfalls. URGES RIGHTS FOR WOMEN Ex-President Poincare Advocates Proposed Legislation in' France. PARIS, December 22.— Raymond Foincare, formefly President of France, is the latest prominent ad- herent to a rights-for-women cam- paign which is in progress here. The purpose of the movement is to place the wife on an equal footing with the husband by :Ivlnf her con- trol of her property. A blll confer- ring_that right is being considered by the commission for civil legisla- tion. In France it has been customary fo thd wife to give.complete control of her property to her husband. —_———— DOUBLE FUNERAL HELD. Husband Kills Wife, Whs Was Estranged, and Then.Himgelf. ENGLAND, Ark., January 10. Double - funeral services were held here for Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Milon, victims of ‘murder and suicide here when Milon shot and fatally wounded his wife, who been estranged from him, and then placed the mussle 1 in his mouth and pulled the trigger. Milon died instantly, and his wife dled three hours later. CABLE SERVICE DELAY. NEW YORK, Jaguary 10.—Interrup- tion of South-American cable service is announced by the All-American Cables in the following statement: “Owing. to temporary interruption of our facilities south of Peru, traf- fic for Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paragusy énd Brazil cannot be trans- mitted until further notice. Our cable ship is leaving immediately for location of. trouble and wé hope for resoration service Wwithin & few e A . chaser surprised a cable ship work- ing on the cable here and arrested it and its crew. They were released with a warning. Last winter the Western Union ship returned -ana while plying about over the cable was fired on by the sub chaser and brought in port. $ ENGINE NUMBERS, TOPIC. “Standards” Discussed at Meeting of Automotive Engineers. NEW YORK, January 10.—The an- nual standards meeting -of the Socl of Automotive Engineers today h:‘ before it recommendations for a uni- form system for mumbering engines, ‘which would go far toward making the theft of cars perilous. ‘The number plate would be an in- tegral part of the engine, stamped that it would be next to 1 possible to eradicate the origimal c number &nd substitute another. A standard form of identification blank would be used, and one suggestion was made the number plate be cast with the engine, so that an X- ray photograph would show the original number assigned at the fac- 9 ‘was aéclared the thett insurance rates would be reduced 7% per cent it the recommendations were adopted. CAMPAIGN FOR BONUS. MacNider to Put Issne Before: Chambers of Commerce. CHICAGO, January 10.— Hanford MacNider, national commander of the Amerioan Legion, iesued instructions 1ast night to sll legion posts to pre- sent the case of adjusted compen- sation for ex-soldiers before cham bers of comerce in every city of the United States in conection with referendum on that question now ing ducted by those bodies. The campaign 1s to begin Imme- diately. The Ch of Commerce ::‘ th: United” :‘ntu.fiwmm n!HIIII“ the referendum to- 13 48 the L id