Evening Star Newspaper, January 8, 1922, Page 34

forty miles an hour, quick control is impossible, When collision is igminent brakes serve only to caude the wheels to skid or slide, and a stop cannot be effected within a dozen or perhaps twenty feet. It only takes a few feet of movement under such headway to do serious damage. It takes only a lit- tle twist to cause an overturn, with possilily fatal results. High speed is not necessary. There is not one case in 10,000 in the daily movements of motorists where speed is warranted beyond the point of ab- solute control—which means such con- trol that a stop can be effected within a car length. Emergency runs are the rare exceptions, and when they are made signals should be sounded con- tinuously to give warning of the ap- proach of a speeding car. THE EVENING - STAR, Wk Sacdasf Wwesog. BEYSY. WABHINGTON, D: C/ BUNDAY........January 8, 1028 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor per Company rrlere at the Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datly and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; It is & not uncommon practice for Daily only. 1 50c | drivers of public vehicles, such as taxi- Sunday{caly cabs, to speed thelr machines after delivering passengers, to make time on the return to pick up other fares in the shortest possible space. If these drivers risked only their own lives in such a practice it would be less objectionable. But they endanger the lives of everybody in the streets, motorists as well as pedestrians. The operating license of every public vehicle driver who is caught speeding should be taken from him and he barred from the business. Only by such means can this practice be stopped, as the risk of death is ap- parently not a sufficient deterrent. All Other States. Dally and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Dally only. 60c Sunday only -— The Dail Ratifles. In accord with the hopes of the friends of Ircland in this country, the dajl efreann, or parliament at Dublin, has ratified the treaty of London, and that country Is now, so far as the au- thority of the representative assembly can go, established as a free state, similar in status within the British empire to the Dominion of Canada. This 1s not the complete independence ‘wished for by many Irishmen. It falls somewhat short of the ideal held both here among Irish sympathizers and in Ireland by the more extreme separa- tionists, but it is a substantial gain and, in all the circumstances, a happy outcome of a long struggle. ‘The margin for the treaty was nar- row, seven votes, but large enough to establish the principle of acceptance. Evidences have accumulated during the weeks in which the dail has dis- cussed the treaty that the people of Ireland, desperately tired of quarrel- ing and fighting, approve the compact and the proposed arrangement. The question, if referred to a general bel- lot, would probably be answered in the same way by a much greater pro- portion of votes. Now comes the question whether the more radical element, led by De ‘Valera, will accept the action of the dail eireann as final, or will insist upon a popular referendum, or will, whatever the outcome of such a vote, resist the treaty and repudiate the dominion government set up under it. There are indications of such & move- ment. De Valera's resignation, resub- mitted yesterday after the vote in the dail, may lead to a revolt. Recently, in the parliament, he declared that the fight for a republic would continue ‘whatever the outcome of the vote. Continued agitation and militant efforts for a further degree of inde- pendence would be seriously harmful to the welfare of the Irish people. They have suffered sorely for many years. They are now offered the oppor- tunity for self-rule. They have gained a substantial degree of independence, beyond which England cannot now go without the disruption of the empire. They have secured more than seemed possible a few months ago. If this new status is accepted, and if the Irish people proceed i -peace. to. organize and to administer their own affairs un- der the guarantees of the treaty, they will quickly prosper as never before. Material advantages will be theirs at once. Unwise leadership may check this progress. The prayer of all sin- cere friends of Ireland is that it will not be followed. that the action taken yesterday at Dublin will be accepted as final and conclusive, and that Ire- land will go forward in its newly- gained independence with freedom from agitation and turmoil. Lessening the War Horrors. Adoption in committee of a ban upon the use of poison gas in warfare puts the Washington conference still further ahead In its movement to les- sen the horrors of war while seeking to reduce its likelthood of outbreak. Such international agreements are, of, course, not necessarily effective. They are subject to violation by any nation that appeals to arms. Germany was supposedly bound by certain limita- tions in 1914 when she attacked in the grand offensive through Belgium and France. Practically all of the so-called humanizing restrictions that had been adopted at The Hague, all the rules of war that had been devised to lessen needless casyalties and suffering, were scrapped, treated as was the treaty guaranteeing Belgium's neutrality. But in so doing Germany incurred a responsibility that operated to her great disadvantage in the settlement of peace terms. She is paying or is ex- pected to pay for these infractions. Of all the horrors of the great con- flict, those of the poisonous gases are perhaps the worst. In every country lately at war there are today hopeless sufferers from the effects of the vapors and fumes precipitated upon them by the enemy. All the nations used the gas weapon before the war was over. They had to do so in order to match Germany's offensive In this respect. But it does not follow that in another war there would be the same sort of competition in horrer. For the fate of Germany as a beaten nation, with the weight of this responsibility upon it, must serve as @ wholesale deterrent. ‘The ban against poison gas will per- haps disappoint some Americans, who have learned that the chemical en- gineers of the Army have produced gases far beyond any known in the late war for efficiency and means of projecting them superior to-those late- 1y employed. It must be remembered, however, that the chemical engineers of other countries have probably been Jjust as active and just as successful in producing such materials. It does not follow that in the event of war this country would have any advantage in respect to attack by vapors. Whatever chance there may be of these agreements being violated, it is well that the great powers now in con- ference should hind themselves to re- spect the principles of more humane arfare. The next war may be the most terrible ever known. But such agreements as this make less the ‘probability of another war. The conference is writing a declara- tion of principles. and it follows natu- rally from the earlier statement of the limitation principle that that of de- cency in warfare should also be stated. The conference has banned submarine piracy and ruthlessness. It is writing a code to which all may subscribe ex- cept those who still believe that every- thing Is legitimate and fair in war that serves to destroy the other side. Reprisal was probably the worst fea- ture of the great war. The disposi- tion of each side to match the other in “efficiency” of destruction led to & race in diabolism with no rule: limits. This conference seeks to inter- pose a check upon that frightful en- terprise, and the prayer of all who hope for peace in the world is that it will succeed, not merely in making war less terrible, but in making war less likely. Pancakes. These cold mornings are ideal for the consumptien of pancakes. No ma ter what one . may call them—flap- jacks, “stack of wheat,” griddle cakes or what not—everybody is happy when pancakes appear. There is something - about them the average person likes. Of course, there will always be some who will call the pancake “indigesti- ble.” and in other ways attempt to belittle this great dish. Every success in life must expect to meet opposition. The worthy pancake, secure on its griddle and beloved of the multitudes, may smile safely over the charge of {ndigestibility. After all, if the pancake is indigesti- ble it 18 not so much the pancake’s fault as it is the cook’s. The wheat flour or corn meal may be the best in the world, but a poor or hasty cook will spoil it all. In the restaurants, ‘where the “stack of wheat” is a staple commodity, ordered throughout the day, one may find the indigestible pan- cake. Even the best “stack” will have something lacking if only half cooked. But these shortcomings in no way reflect upon the pancake itself. Fresh and hot, with plenty of good butter, and sirup, too, it the taste leans that way, the pancake is fit food for any one. Those ancient gentlemen whose highest ideal along gastronomical lines was a patent breakfast food known as “ambrosia,”” would have banished that foodstuff from Olympus if they had known about the pan- cake. If the soviet government can be per- suaded to discontinue propaganda there will be a large and immediate ad- vantage in the saving of money. Marshal Foch bade e cordial good- bye just before the diplomatic con- versation took a rather delicate turn. The French historian has always pointed with pride to the past while viewing the future with alarm. Japan and China have railway prob- lems which cannot be solved by a mere readjustment of wages and rates. Fatal Motor Speeds. A taxicab driver was killed yester- day morning in a collision in this city between his machine and another mo- tor at & street crossing. Witnesses afterward stated that the taxicab was being driven at the rate of at least forty miles an hour. In the circuym- stances the taxi had the right of way, as it was going north, as against a car moving east, and was therefore on the right of the intersecting machine. It is ovident, however, that at its high speed it was not in @ position for its driver to claim right of way, for it must have been at some distance from the crossing when the other machine ‘was in the clear of the imtersection. This -accident illustrates the grave risk entailed in high speed in the city, risk which in this case caused the death of the offender against the regu- Iations. At the rate at which the car * {u estimated 90 have been traveling, Bonus and Pay Scale. A campaign has just been launched by the National Federation of Federal Employes to prevent a reduction of $20 a month in government salaries through the loss of the bonus while Congress is considering reclassifica- tion measures. There should be no doubt whatever of success if equity is done in the writing of the annual ap- propriation biils. The $240 bonus, increased from $120, was in the beginning granted as a creases. Being merely a “bonus,” more than fifty years. commutation for the emergency of war-time high prices in lieu-of pay in- gift, it could be withdrawn at any time.” But in the giving of this Con- gress recognized the fact that the gov- ernment pay scale was altogether too low, having remained stationary for During that half century every rate of pay in pri- vate employment has risen. In some lines thé rates have doubled ‘and trebled. As a consequence, even with the bonus the average government clerk receives less than the average THE SUNDAY artisam, less than many nnukfl‘d la~ borers. 5 Reclassification, it is hoped, will ef- fect an equitable betterment of the public service pay rate. But reclassifi- cation appears to be almost as far away as ever. It may possibly be enacted at this present session, but there is no assurance, and in any case the appropriation bills will) prob- ably have been passed before the néw system is adopted, and at best there 18 likely to be a gap of a year between the old and the new scales. Denial of the bonus this vear with- out a corresponding advance in the permanent pay rate would infllct a grievous hardship upon the thousands who now receive this gratuity. The $20 a month of the bonus is in most cases just the difference between meet- ing and not meeting obligations that cannot be lessened. In some cases it is the rent. In other cases it is the grocery bill. In other cases it is the clothing account. In practically all cases this money is absolutely neces- sary to keep the family from falling into debt. No conceivable economies can in the average case be practiced to forestall a deficit if the bonus {s withdrawn: It is true that every time it has been granted it has been accompanied by the reminder that it is only an annual bounty, subject to withdrawal. If the cost of living had fallen by 20 per cent, which Is about the ratio of the bonus to the average government pay, since the bonus was granted at the higher figure, there would be equity in dis- continuing it as a commutation. But still there would remain the injustice of continued low-scale government pay, to be corrected as speedily as possible by basic legislation. Jepnne d’Arc in Washington. Another beautiful monument has been added to the outdoor art of Wash- ington. Jeanne d'Arc now stands on a high point overlooking the city, her graceful outlines symbolizing the spirit of France in a way to inspire all be- holders. The gift from the women of France to the American National Cap- ital, this bronze figure of the French heroine has a message of more than usual significance. During the war the women of both countries played a large and important part in winning victory. Their sacrifices, their direct aid, their personal services all con- tributed effectively. The women of France suffered more than did the women of America, for upon them fell directly the burden of the heaviest personal loss. But their spirit was never shaken. To them the maid of Orleans remained an inspiration, and it is apprapriate that now her effigy should be erected here at Washington. Numerous ‘statues of the heroes -of other lands are included in"the Wagh- ington gallery. This, however, Is ‘the first in honor of a woman. Those who have traveled in France will remember how frequently the figure of the “maid” appears, in cities and in towns, everywhere throughout France. Now she is afoot, now, as here. on horse- back. Sometimes she is shown in her peasant costume, more frequently in her soldier's armor. She is always the figure of faith, of courage, of devotion. the qualities that sustained the wom- en of France during the “great trial of the four terrible years. 1 In the course of time other ‘mem: rials to the world's great ones will be placed in this city, It is the wish, doubtless, of the peeple-of every land to be thus represented at the American capital by worthy symbols, Fortunate- 1y in the planning of the city oppor- tunities have heen afforded for an al- most limitless number of these works of art. And still mare fortunately there is now in operation a super- vision that insures against unworthy works and emplacements. Washing- ton will, indeed, in the course of a few decades become a city of wonderful memorials without equal in the .world. ———————— No European nation should expect to be taken seriously in connection with any such announcement as “mil- lions for submarines, but not a cent for loan repayment.” The statement that Henry Ford is richer than John D. Rockefeller leads to the conclusion that flivvers are more profitable than gasoline. China is prepared to admit that while Confucius was a great philoso- pher he was not much of an interna- tional lawyer. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Progress. We're swingin' along to the Sunshine day, Swingin’ along to the month of May. The snow may fly and the wind blow strong, But, just the same, we're swingin’ along. Swingin’ along to the April show'r And the scent of the rose in the June- time bow'r. A sigh for a moment may stop the song, But nevertheless we keep swingin’ along. . Old Issues Neglected. “Are you interested in International- ism?" “I am obliged to be,” said Senator Sorghum. “My constituents have taken it so much to heart that they don't seem to care who is put In charge of the local post office.” Jud Tunkins says no revenue stamp ‘was ever so artistic in design as to move the taxpayer to much admira- tion. Small Beginnings. Some coral insect starts an isle Below the ocean, many a mile, ‘Which when it is complete, mayhap, ‘Will start a war throughout the map. Naturally Qualified. “What makes you think your. boy Josh will be & good jazz performer?” “Because,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel, “‘he can stand most any kind of a noise without getting nervous.” “De availability of @ friend jir need,” said Uncle Eben, “is liable to depend on whether you or him is doin’ de ) « needin’. R Brands of Democracy. - This is the 8th of January—the da; held sacred to the memory of Andrew Jackson. There are those who fear it is not as sacred as it used to be; that the glory of Old Hickory is fading. New times, new men; new men, new brands of politics. An interesting line of speculation, which men and women are at liberty to pursue as fancy takes them. There are now three brands of democracy. - Chronologically consid- ered, they are the Jeffersonian, the Jacksonian, and the Wilsonlan brands. The Jeffersonian brand is more in- tellectual than the Jacksonian brand. Mr. Jefferson was a.traveled man of scholarly “tastes, and fond of all sorts of intellectual speculation. In his day, 80 persuasive was he that many men followed him without fathoming him. Described in a present-day term, his was high-brow stuff. The Jacksonian brand is nearer to the everyday—expressed, unjustly, in one sentence—"To the victors belong the spolls.” As a matter of fact, Gen. Jackson was no more of e spoilsman than the men who had preceded, or than those who have succeeded, him in the presidency. He was a man of great force, of superb courage, and an American to his finger tip The Wilsonlan brand—the latest mintage of fortune—we now have with us. Men and women are disputing about it—comparing it with the other brands—assaying it by recognized standards of value. It is part intel- lectual, and part practical. ‘The question of livest present value is this: Which brand will the democ: racy conjure with this year, and again in 1924? Or will it be able to take “a little off the top” of each, and profit by a fusion appealing alike to high and low brow, and mustering them together for service on eleetion day? —————e—— A Democratio Trio. The three most interesting demo- crats today are Mr. Underwood, Mr. Wilson end Mr. Bryan—considered in the order named—and it is all along of the four-power pact. As one of its negotiators, Mr. Un- derwood {s, of course, in favor of the ratification of the pact, and expected to influence sentiment on the demo- cratic side of the Senate. How many votes can he poll there? The maximum guess is fourteen; the minimum, eight. He has credit with his democratic col- leagues, both as their chosen leader and as a man of recognized all-around sagacity. Mr. Wilson has not openly declared against the pact, but is. populerly classed among Its opponents. ; The argument is that if the pact fails, the democracy—the Wilsonian democracy —will come back, and the Paris peace pact be revived and in time ratified. How many votes in the Senate can Mr. Wilson poll? No estimates are in circulation, but certain senators are pamed as still as much under Mr. Wil- son’s influence as when he was Presi- dent. ‘Where stands Mr. Bryan? and what will he do, or attempt, in the Senate, where he has some friends? He has been an observer at the conference, and is an extreme advocate of peace. Had he called the conference it would have been for disarmament purposes, pure and simple. On general proposi- tions he is no longer a Wilson man, and he has never been an Underwood man. Will he gn up” for the pact, as the best thing obtainable in the premises, and & good thing in itself? He has not yet declared himself, but knows of the wide and keen interest that attaches to his views, and has the means of securing attention when- ever the humor to speak seizes him. ————————— Tflden and Wilson. Some of Mr. Wilson's friends are so much encouraged by the improvement in his health they are talking about him for 1924. As they see matters, the sky is clearing for the democracy, and as the result of a better comprehen- sion of the Wilson policies by the country. Why not, they ask, give him the benefit in person—give him an- other term in the White House? Other friends, however, fear that, improved in health as he is, Mr. Wil- son could not stand another campaign as leader. He would have to show himself here and there at public as- semblies, and his invalidism would tell against his candidacy. The situation suggests in a measure the democratic situation of 1880. Some of Mr. Tilden's friends urged his renomination that year, on the score that the country would improve the opportunity to rebuke the decision of the electoral commission; that Mr. Tilden at the head of the democratic ticket again would appeal strongly to the sentiment that he had been count- ed out in 187 Other friends, however, doubted Mr. Tilden’s physical ability to make a sec- ond campaign. Always frail, he had been tried severely by the campaign of report had it he had suffered & mild stroke as the result. At any rate, his appearances in public had been fewer after the settlement of the disputed election, and he was now generally regarded as an invalid, though with intellectual powers unimpaired. The controversy Tesulted in the nomination of Gen. Hancock, the very opposite of Mr. Tilden—fit physically, but wholly unacquaintsd with the game of politics, and who as the can- didate proved helpless and uninspiring. Where My. Tilden was @ master, Gen. Hancock was a novice. It may be mentioned that Mr. Tilden, for all his invalidism, survived Gen. Hancock's defeat six years, and made some suggestions to the first Cleve- land administration. . But they were not accepted. & ———— e Telephone interests at. least go so far as to state that no immediate in- crease is contemplated’ in the high cost of conversation. —————————— ‘Washington, D. C., comes forward each year with stronger claims to con- sideration as one of the world's great winter resorts. . ¥ ——— e Lenin and Trotsky manage to re- 1 main in agreement, despite théir in- stinctive inclination sensions. . ; e . to promote dis- " A secret alliance is not even a9 re- liable as & scrap of paper. has stayed there, ple But the Viennese did not revolt. though the situation became worse every day, calm continued to reign and travelers began to think that the people must.be made differently from others; & ference had ended by paralyzing their sensibility, or that peraaps wiv, « really need to eat; borne so much that there was. noth- ing now that they would refuse 1o 1876 and the subsequent turmofl; and | b by tting sangry at marched to the center of the town and to the rich quarters and did a great deal of damage. for a few hours, however, at the end of which they returned home. affairs do not improve ‘urniture of private in- because - the nothing has dividuals is ‘destroyed. changed since this oufburst of anger. But at least the powers must begin to see that no people’s patience can be counted on for too long, not even that of the Viennese. “The Austrian situation can be ;z- akes it impossible for her to ‘e self-supporting; her economic and e it impossible for her.to trade with other countries. “Austria used to make her domina- tion felt, often heavily, on a whole confederation of subject peoples, and Vienna formed the cre all the ways of su sition m: financial Austrli via_ an coal. Now Austria is fi trom Hun cannot half imondnu: an mflml for two and a half mill citigens, Added to lnuru?um;‘ lo fllnly' - rritories of vt Austria by the Trianon ntested. A, Pesult’ of such a state of af: allotted ‘to of eighteen "?Hfl, [ creased BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, . Former Vice President of the United States. AR has no justification save that which may be pleaded in an individual homicide,. namely, self- defense. This is my fixed opinfon. But I note evidences at the pres- ent time in the conduct and opin- fons of men that might lead a philosophic soul to ponder over the relative value of a human life and a minted dollar, to consider whether organized society, as a whole, s richer with many men and cowardly dollars or fewer men and courageous dollars. It has long been supposed that it requires sentlent life in order to understand what fear is. Much time has been wasted in trying to define the most cowardly man. ‘The last survey pointed to the man who insisted that his wife precede him with a lighted lamp when on a search of the house for burglars. But the condition of the world since the close of the war muat convince mankind that to whatever depths of cowardice a human may sink, he still remains on gublime heights beside the cow- ardly dollar. R Long ago it was recognized that the dollar neither loved nor hated. But it s only recently that we have fully apprehended how ut- terly timid, shrinking and fearful the dollar is. During the war it had courage unmeasured. It for- ot itself and with man made the supreme sacrifice in the cause of human liberty. It sat by every bedside In every hospital. ‘It went over the top in every night attack. It committed suicide in every bursting shell. Neither danger nor fear could deter it from the dis- charge of its duty. Money-grub- bing America and money grubbed by Americans were the world's old suard. How different now In these pip- ing times of peace. The dollar once again is timid, vacillating, fearful of itself and uncertain as to its mission. It shrinks like a [ It acts like a condemned criminal with a death watch at the door. 1am not ready to consent to the loss of another human life in order to put courage and a backhone into the dollar, but I am fearful that if it does not brace up and enlist in the army of rro‘rulfl human lives may yet be o8 * ¥ % % T have always been & believer in the separation of government and business. I have never thought that governments were ordained among men to teach them what they should eat, what they should drink, wherewithal they should clothe themselves or in what busi- ness they should engage. I have conceived that the full measure of the duty of government was dis- charged when it gave to the in- dividual a free field and a fair fight, and took upon itself the duties of referee in seeing that one man did not take undo advantage of another. I have thought that while government should not help. neither should it hinder its citi- Zens In the contest for business supremacy. There wWould be less justification for the constant interference of government in the business affairs of its citizers if the dollar would only brace up. Like all cowards, it strikes unfair blows and resorts to subterfuges. Its practices have made the government Impatiént and caused it to interfere. It is no use to advise men ro take courage in their good right hands and go out and conquer the world while the dollars in their pockets are crying out to them: “Take care, beware, there are pit- falls.” * ok ok * ‘We have heard so much the last three years about a bankrupt world that we actually believe the world to be bankrupt. Statisticians have made estimates of what the various countries could realize for all their property if there were a medium of exchange to enable them to dispose of it, and they have collated the statistics of the indebtedness of those countries as evidenced by their circulating me- dium, bonds and other loans. And then they have proceeded to show what the indebtedness is with reference to the exchange value of the property of the country. They show that if the British empire could exchange all its property for cash or its equiva- lent it would take 20 per cent to .|Dollar, Heroic ‘in' War Days, Now Cowardly and a Slacker pay 1ts indebtedness; that it would take of France's property 51 per cent; of Italy's 49 per cent, and that’ it would take more th: times of German: property to pay her indebtednes Japan and the United States seem to be the only two nations of any importance that may be sald to be on Easy street. When the additional fact fis noted that twenty-seven of the smaller governments of the world have §,000,000 men under arms. with 25,000,000 reserves, it would look very much as though bank- ruptcy, chaos and black night had enveloped humanity. This condi- tion of world affairs furnishes considerable justification for the timidity of the dollar and for its disinclination to go out and fight the battles of the world. The con- test would appear to be hopeless. * % x ¥ But there is another and & more hopeful side to these ap- parently appalling facts. A debt owed by one is owing to another. What constitutes one man's lla- bilities may be counted as an- other's assets. If gold and silver are more .than the medium of ex- change and constitute the real wealth of the world, all other things being valueless, then, of course, the world is bankrupt, but no more so at that than it was before the war, because there is just as much gold and silver in the world today as there was then. But if gold and silver are but the medium of exchange, and if the real wealth of the world con- siuts of property which once was the subject of barter and ex- change, let us not forget there are still as many acres of arable land in the world as ever; that a kindly Providence has not changed the seasons nor ceased to give to humankind sunshine and rain with the attendant pro- cession of the seasons; that the mines, mills and factories, save those 'destroyed in the war, are yet the possession of mankind, and that the stroyed property of the war did no more than equal the share of+ the men who lost their lives in its waging. . * ko x * 1 am writing no screed against the banker. I can well under- stand how as the custodlan of other people’s money he must be conservative in the face of the penalities which the law inflicts, not only toward djshonesty, but even for lack of good judgment. I should be resentful if any one read into these lines criticism of the banker. He has nothing, save my unbounded sympathy for the trust which he manages.” There might come adverse circumstances under which 1 might become a mail rob- ber, after General Hays withdraws his marines, but under no circum- stances would I take the chance required of a bank director. It is apparent that while the world is not bankrupt in all the essentials of life, a few govern- ments. the principal one of which is our own, are in control of the médium of exchange. From Mr. Vanderlip to Mr. Simpson. all men who have knowledge of affairs have been crying out that some- thing must be done to better the economic condition of Europe. Mr Vanderlip has conceived the idea of a bank of the world. I cannot but wonder how Great Britain would regard any plan for an in- stitution in which the United States would have a predominant interest. *x 38 Another plan sugests a2 bond is- sue indorsed by an intermational commission and secured by a pledge of specific assets of the govar&w%inuhl‘ the bonds. ‘This mer announced than question arises, Who would buy an? Austrigs . bond when Austria owes twenty-seven times the en- tire trade.value of all her prop- erty?> © - 17 belieye .any one of several suggested 'plans would help. Financiers, hawever. cannot agree. 'rmk.huo not yet reached the attifude-of mind of an old client of rhine whose horses had been re- moved from his farm. Announcin; his loss, he demanded that I b gin a replevin suit to recover h animals. When I asked him who had them and against whom I should bring suit, he said he didn't know and he didn't care, that all he wanted was his horses. With the timidity of money I fear it will be a long time be. will be agreed upon. Again, I re spectfully submit that governmen- tal efforts must be de to restore business conditions and the parity of exchange. An international economic conference should closely follow the arms conference. (Copyright, 1921, by Thomas R. DIGEST OF FOREIGN PRESS Vienna, City of Paradoxes. The meaning of the recent popular rising in Vienna is explained by Fran- cois Lebon in the liberal Oeuvre of Pari “For the last three years everybody who has pissed through Vienna, or sald that the peo- He says would certainly revolt one da: that their legenda-v that - they r. “But last. “But as stat thus: - Her geographical ituation mu hern oined. Today she w of a people ‘ormerl. through - £ “The result of such -.0t fving. b ' lnt ,I\‘mon ul i yportions, P mmonuu from October, 1831, the price of nece! nm'thnn ten: excl the Vienna people have ended ‘They It lasted only should hi profiteers? “Europe promised to intervene to u:!onu ate co*mtryl from he Teconstruction suggested by the Oeuvre. g:lt they still hesitate and wait and save thi irremediabl -roads where sou! Europe finds herself closed rontiers and reduced r own efforts. Never r or & more brutal Hungary provided Lower a_with corn and frnits; Mora- d Silesia provided her with nally separated , Moravia has become , and Silesia is Csech or Polish Henceforth the Austrian factorl . reoe mition and & w materials; three million an e inhabitants from the burg are incapable of ion the plas daivi viously, under th hasa: to0 m! ‘That is avoided. sh the porter in sight of mself reduced to anonymity, to the eel{ level of an unsensationai 10 per cen “It is true that the - vere to those who pay ?::: ol',',':‘ ..,',:4:" traveler would not of his own free 1 suspect, give 30 much—the hotel bill, one dollar in Burgenland | py will, el °{-:u But every e acce) ‘as preferable to- pts od ‘Mareh. 3930, has ia- “To help the officials to live under such conditions, the state is obliged ;ohis’:'anl them special vhich amount to ten times the orl, inal salaries without, however, ing their subsistence; lowances tributes provi price than they cost. it grants to the workmen and dis “It is of such measures: the state, in tak ing charge of all the neo;le.n loses all hope of balancing its account Under these conditions the exchange ;:lr‘(‘ulu is h?lrrled on, and the cost of ving continues to | Sating o increase without “And yet there are rich people liv- ing in Vienna,” continues tphe nwrller. ‘first of all foreigners, and then Aus- trians, who have speculated on the ge. Quite a world of profiteers and immigrants are to be seen there, who do not hesitate to say how cheap things are in Vienna when they have passed a jolly evening at the ‘Pari- sien’ or the ‘Moulin Rouge.’ nere siie by 810 1o hle-tcmre of xS n t - traordinary paradoxe: 5 ol‘t'n LE ing that those who are starving ave attacked the insolent disaster. il th enough of holshn'v’l.:m Hotels Without Tips. Italian howels under the ‘no-tij system are rapidly appr millennial state 'h.f" ::f'h:'l:!l ‘2:: conlfinto‘d and guests are saved a world of worry, decl: thelbongan ‘{:"t ares a writer to “I confess that wh notice written in l.ln o was more than dubio :unr work,” I ur: ald. d a month Ly into a success. f th ision among lan, som er ‘swank’ gave liberal i at.al that , allowance! fons at a much lower urpris- recent ri nations decide to ln!or‘; teineke, the had rope.” ‘We have in Eu- eral tongues I “This _will when I re- er the system had of the the proportionate Ob- ervants received and others nothing at all. n, he who by largesse to 1 now finds l-,l. ays- Heard and Seen Now that those Christmas ties have been worn for a week or so, and some of the color faded out of them, it may not be amiss to con- sider the He is the gentleman who seizas upon one particular necktie and wears it out. He wears it to a frazzle. ile may have a hundred tles at hom but he chooses one particular speci- For several months it will be a red ‘When that one be- frayed he which he tie, for instance. comes wrinkled and switches to a brown tie, proceeds to wear for weeks. He is not unique. At least five out of ten of the male perxuasion are “one-tie” men. A man becorn at- tached to his necktie, even as a vom- an may grow fond of a string of pearl. feels at home with a par- ticular one, and hates t» soe it wear out right before his fuce. B * Riding on a piano from New Mexico to Washington is quite a stunt. A young doctor atcomplished the feat, however. Of cours2, he did not actually ride on the top of the plano. But he made the instrument puy bis way. He is an ex-service man, who was doing work in a hospital in New Mex- ico, at the same time ho was there for his own health. Feeling that he deserved a better job, he decided to come to the National Capltal to sec abcut the matter. Being a good piano player and hav- ing no ready funds, the doctor hit upon a novel scheme to worls up the continent. He would front door bell, and when it was #n- swered, ask: “Would you like a lit- tle music?” Explanation being forthcoming. he would tell the people that he was u good pianist, and that he was trav eling to Washington, and that i? they had a piano he would come in and play for them. Many people invited him in to piay on their pianos. Once seated, he would ask they what sort of music they preferred. He could play al- most anything, it seemed, and, after finding out what audience pre- ferred, would begin to ask them to name individual selections. In return for tl music he would receive whatever the family thought an adequate return. In most cases it was a dollar or more. From one town alone he took $21. He would go as far as his money would carry him. then he would put on another course of home concerts. * * ¥ A model of persistence was seen in a street car one morning last week. | Will f T She was a large woman, a fat lady, to be exact. She got on one of those cars with the long seat running along the side, She picked out a defenseless man seated in a solid row of four men | Why she picked upon him is hard to| say, for had he gotten up, the space he occupled could never have held the lady in the world. But she was determined to make him get up. She swung from a strap in front of him, glaring doyn upon the poor bird. Thus an unspoken conflict ranged for several blocks. Then several people got off the car, leaving a nice wide seat on the op- posite side of the car. A seated wom- an called the attention of the stand- ing lady to the space, but the latter only sniffed and made a few general remarks about “gentlemen.” Instead of taking the available seat,! she resolutely stood her ground, sway- ing on the strap. How far would she ride standing up, while seating space was available? That woman rode considerably more than a mile, seated, but squarely in front of her tim. At last two men got up by his side, but the woman budged nct. It may be mentioned, neither did he. At last one whole end of the car cleared out, leaving enough seat for a dozen women. The large lady stuck | to her self-chosen post for few blocks more, but flnally gave up the battle, and moved down the car to a seat, which she might have occupied a mile and a half back. And some people wonder why men won't get up and give thelr seats to women in streets cars like they used men morning after morning. l | that to! CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Fifty Years Ago in The Star A ‘veritable temperance movement started in this city fifty years ago-In connection with Temperance the observance of New Year day, when it had Movement. yeon tne custom to serve strong drink at receptions. The Star of January 2, 1872, sayi “The day after Christmas, in com- menting upon the unusual amount of drunkenness witnessed on that holl- day, and upon the number of young imen seen under the influence of li- quor, we address:d an earnest appeal to the ladies to discard intoxicating drinks at their New Year receptions. The result was most satisfactory. Not- withstanding the unprecedented num- ber of persons receiving, there was less drunkenness and tipsiness than on any previous New Year day within recollection. Strong drinks were al- most universally abolished. Wine. when set out at all, was not presented conspicuously, as heretofore. Coffe chocolate and lemonade were subst tuted very acceptably to most of the callers.” * * * Shortly after the civil war a dispo- sitlon developed on the part of Amer- icans of means 10 i make Washington Washl.ngton 8 A place of winter Residence City. resigence. This has continued increasingly until now this city is the favorite place of dwell- ing for a great number of persons who maintain homes clsewhere. The Star of January 6. 1572, thus speaks of the reasons for its sclection for this purpose: The growing lendency seems more and more pointing to the gradual ex- tablishment of superior and perma- nent advantages in this city for a general first-class winter residen: The Americans are migratory and like change of ne. To tho: V‘\'hu n afford it—wherever they go in sum mer, flitting abroad or to the utter- most parts of the land—it is getting %o be generally agreed that they can- not do better than rendezvous here for the winter. Thus Washington i3 gradually, and, we think, surely form- fag a distinctive metropolitan Amer- joan character. Perceptible centers of literature, science, art and society are already here and are rapidly crystal- lizing. With the growing advand tages here these circles once forme: (i1l _rapidly expand. M‘l‘!r;:l great Corcoran Art Gallery orm an art nucleus for the coun- The Congressional Library. al- ready one of the first-class libraries of the world. will, as soon as the in- telligent views of Mr. Spofford are carried out, be the most beneficent and useful. The Smithsonian Institu- tion, the Naval Observatory, coast sur- vey, hydrographic and signal offices, with other public departments, gather here a body of scientific men of the highest attainments, such as are found collected nowhere else in the country. Students are coming here from all parts of the country to the ihree colleges of the District. because of the special advantages over edu: tional institutions elsewhere afforded here in the libraries, the scientific col- lections, the Botanic Garden and con- servatories, the government ln‘llonll- val museum. the pleadings in the Supreme Court and the debates in ngress. OO tha attractions of Washington socially nothing need be said. as so much has already been written on this point. These attractions must. ho}\ ever, be greatly increased as the ci {s adorned, improved and made equ: in comfort and elegance to its natu- ral advantages of position and cli- mate. For the first time in the his- fory of Washingion the city has streets sufficiently well paved to al- Jow of pleasure driving every day through the winter. and the brilliant spectacle on Pennsylvania avenue of an afternoon is a foretaste of what the future will show when the wealth of the countr: hall congregate here, 2s it is beginning to do, for its winter Newport or Saratoga. Washington is growing to be.a literary center also. “Cpon the whole, the prospect is there must graduall here a central winter re cial, literary. political. musical Scientific, which will vie with that of any capital in Euroy Who’s Who Atthe Arms Confcrence XLV—Gen. Buat BRILLIANT and active com- mander in the fighting line, a staff officer ofiexceptional ability, a sucesssful organizer both of the troops of France and of foreign nations, a skilled strategist, a prodigious provider of the war ma- terial on which strategy is dependent and a military author of note, Gen. Buat, in his capacity as chief military adviser to the French delegation to the Washington conference, may be considered an embodiment of all phases of the work of the army of what is now the most outstanding military nation on earth. Gen. Buat is at present chief of the general staff of the French army, which makes him second in command to the minister of war and to Marshal Petain, who has been designated commander-in-chief of all the French armies in case of war. Originally an artilleryman, as was Napoleon and numerous other famous warriors, and educated at the famous Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, Gen. Buat is one of that remarkable group of French army officers brought into prominence by the world war. He is but fifty years of age, whence it is ap- parent that his rise to his present rank has been a rapid one. ‘When the war broke out Buat was a lieutenant colonel of artillery. Later, as chief of ateff to Gen. Foch, he par- ticipated in the Alsace offensive. Next he was recalled to Paris to serve as chief of the military staff to President illerand, then minister of war. In this capacity he took e prominent part in_the complete reorganization of the French army and of its ma- terial. His close co-operation with M. Millerand is considered one of the decisive lnfluonolll in assuring the; technical means of victory. Following this essential and suc- cesaful reorganization, - Gen. Buat found himself back in the ll"h(ln‘ line at the head of the 245th Infantry Brigade, which he led to victory In the Champagne sector. Once more he demonstrated that he was as good a fleld . commander as he had n & staff officer. During this period of the war he completed certain tech- nical principles of great ‘originality, principles which were later to be ap- plied to all the allied armies. Once more Gen. Fooh, whose specialty, mext to strategy, is judgment of men, recalled him to the general staff, In order that he might be assigned the delicate and diffiqult task ortbmrmllln( the sore- Ber army. ym due time, as brigadier general, Buat reappeared on the western front, where he commanded a division dur- ing the first Somme offensive. His activities there further enhanced hia reputation in army circles, and to him was given the great task of the or- ganisation of the immense imount of material necessary for final victory. ‘Here his experience in his original branch _of service, artillery, came into play. He organized a mass of artillery theretofore undreamed of, and, fur- thermore, established a system of maneuvers for that artillery: which was based on entirely new principles. Largely through his: offorts there were placed on the French front no. fewer than 106 full regiments of ar- tillery, com| over 300,000 men, his value was 80 apparent that| GEN. BUAT. equipped with thousands of fleld guns, mortars and tanks. This tremendous weapon was used in preparation for such successful operations as those around Malmaison and Verdun. Gen. Buat's services along this line were rewarded with a ' promotion, first, to the command of the h Army Corps at Verdun, and, later, of the 5th French Army, which, in July 18, was to repulse the supreme Ger man attack on Rheims. It was after this operation, the climax of the war, that he became chief collaborator with Gen. Petain, participating in all the operations culminating in the final German ‘defeat, and acting as the chief point of contact between his chief and Marshal Foch. ‘The end of the war brought no ces- sation or even diminution of Gen. Buat's military activity, for since the signing of the treaty of Versailles, he has been busily occupled in reor- lnllllnl the French army on a peace asis. Gen. Buat is the author of a num-' ber ‘of technical works on strategy in general and the use of artillery in particylar. He is also the author of a recent rémarkable study of Gens. Ludendorft Hindenburg, and is at present engaged on the preparation of an analysis of German strategic ;n‘da tactical errors, certainly a wide old. France having made plain her stand as to land armaments and the confer- ence having decided mnot to deal with this. phase of preparation for war, Gen. . Buat's. work . here is accom- lished and he h returned - home. lfln was born at Nantea, in Brittany. He possesses- practically every dec- oration France can give “and several from other governments. ‘He doew B GmE T i 20 I : cing, &n y sl this form of soctal @iversion. et tn