Evening Star Newspaper, November 11, 1921, Page 36

How U. S. Conducted Negotiations for Arrangements Leading Up to Arms Conference ' NATIONS IN 4 _CEPTANCES REMOVAL OF FRICTION NECESSARY FOR SUCCESS * WILLING TO SHARE CUTS If Problems Continue to Arise in Pacific Replies to American Invitation Show All Desire to Achieve Results—How Japan Powers Will Be Loth to Give Up Held Up Her Answer lo U. S. ! Protection of Their Navies. HEADS OF -NATIONS PARTICIPATING IN ARMS CONFERENCE accepted. The government of China|desires to excel BY N. 0. MESSENG proverd with exchanges of opinion bed. o = . = % rmia- | Fe8arding the agenda prior_to the aléo been pleased to accept the government to participate in the dis Limitation of land and naval armia= | narineor“the ‘conterence, e con- President’s invitation to participate cussion of Pacific and far caste; the conferer and in the discussion of Pacific and far questions at eastern questions. have the honor ments of the principal powers of the | <iders it inadvisable, however, at the to inclosec herewi: wotld, to the etid of lessening the | bresent moment to hamper the pro- s srushi burdé: ¢ preparedness for | XTam and in particular to delay the It is the earnest wish of this gov- | the tentative suggestions as to the crushing burdén of prep X arrangements for the conferenca ernment that ‘with the facilities af- agenda of the conference, relating 1o forded by a conference it may be possible to find a solution of Pacific and far castern problems by a prac- tical effort to reach such Pacific and far eastern questions, pro | posed by the government of t | United States.” common | The tentative suggestions as to i war upon the taxpayers of the nation: removal by common ugrecment of possible causes of internationul fric- vending an agrecment regarding this matter, Reply From Japun. 3 S ifan Tie Department of State received, e tion in the Paciffe and the far east i, LAe Denuriment of Stute received, understandings with respect to mat- | agenda of the conference, in so far which might otherwise seemingly | Tokio: the following reply. whioh was ters which have been and are of in-| as they related to Pacific and far ternational concern as may serve to| eastern questions, accompanied tia ! m public July he Japunese government has taken note of the contents of the American memorandum of July 23, re- ceived through the American charge maintenance of ar- “T'he accepted by promote enduring friendship. invitation in each cas In view of the interest of (Bel-| tions were cordiull gium) in the fur east, the President | three governments render necessar mies and navie; This is the plain, common-sense end in vie assembled it matter-of-fact pt the con- the capi- T e miad Biates upon the In. | Caffaires, in reply to the Japanese vitation of President Hardini an ;L‘v{no’r-udumr of July uhunrmle 5\‘";- : oRicn, white utilitariun, is also | Ject 0f & conference on the limitation | t tl R , e 1 The Tnst dexres. 1t 14| Of urmament (0 be held at Washing- riiers In m evere ton. “It has been brought to the knowl- edge of the Japunese government thut the government of the United an object so ObVIOUSIY. mecesary. o conformable to tha dictates of justice and right as well as drdinary pru- dence and judgment ax would seem to America’s Unknown Soldier i illing to proceed with ey call for no argument In elucidation ot wi t it Lnd fo render failure in achicves of opinion regarding the —— or Lo the meeting of the |the world in the absence of the d. g ' : = ment unthinkable. No Fime Words Needed. Np fine phrasing or intricate sire for pe and the prospect of | w s % . i % " reduced armaments is not a hopeful | A M % 8 o BY 'W. H. CLAGETT. ! one unl this desire finds expression | ¥ k }&leep on in peace, my unknown scldier 3 o and that to adjust ure und scops it in |conter [ advisa that of the DERIC T. CARDOZ Albams, N. ¥, we Pucifl weaving should be necessary in set- eastern questions to be di ctical effort to remove causes ' ting forth the purpos: of n!n-‘ cou I ut the proposed conferenc misunderstanding and to seek brave! | No florsi tribute, wreath or cross forence or justification ther Japanese government. on thitlground for agreement as to prin- A nation touched by valiant deeds| x; coid 4, : There is nothing occult. myster lerstanding, are happy o be able |ciples and their application. 1t is the displayed I~ et ot gon or superhuman in the Drop to inform the American government |earnest wish of this government that 7 {Need grace the final resting pluce That is to say. It should not be br-|that it is their intention’ gladly to|through an interchange of views with Today in reverence gathers at YOUr| Of Lie who pusses as I'nknown sond human effectuation, Slthough javeelt the Invitation for i confer-itho’ facilitien afforded by a con grave, A thousand feet wmight pass him by Uifeulties attend it and ‘many obs which shall embrace the dis-|ence, it may be possible Lo find As tribute to the sacrifice you made!| Wi no s Stacles Incumber the road to a fin solulion of Pacific and far eastern Jonete dluim the okl sizin And yet an €'er-cnduring God agreement. problems, of unquestioned importance And while you sleep @ torn and bleed- | But when the alternative of suct Hope for Results. at this time—that is, such common Hasmarked his grave up: 3 is considered it ix sv monstrou. Japanese governmant lave |understandings with respect to mat- _ing world, | & upon the plaiu to minimize the gravity of .the e made aware through the com-)lers which have been and are of in- Distorted, crazed and weary of the [x, . golden sun and silve pediments to an understanding. The |y 50 600 Sind the published state- | ternational concern as may serve to strife, { s, : 9 S alternative is recoguized by SGLeS | ot or tha Americun government | Promote_enduring friendship among 5 Sth flags of truce | , 2CH i1 his turn meh to be the likelihood of a VIVAITY {5, 1h,. conversations between the |OUr peoples. JiganEnCRg:fomes AR {And heav'n's rain sh: among the "fl‘lo'{m for -"l'u‘-fl‘l“““‘:"’l“ Secretary of State and Buaron Shide- | “It is not the purpose ofdlmu Bov- unfurled, That fald in sorrow, ing supremacy of armament eulall-ihara that the proposition of the [€rnment to attempt to define the in conterence for its ) ing a burden upon industry and pro= iy ige e Ul MEOROT R ie the [scope of the discussion in relation to To 3_"“"-"19 The rumbling thunder of the duetivity in the x;iaumg natiogs of vific and far eastern problems lli?ll'at'lhv and far east, but rather life! Shall be the echo of the « *he world that will menace civiliza- ed on the close beuring they have |lo leave this to be the subject of G iri The somber grandeur of the clouds . tion. on the question of the lmitation of |SUEEestions to be exchanged before Goa. grant the spiriv of thove muel| = L0 i ke barr: Let it be racognized that »\h.xu{m.\ im- | the meeting of the conference, in the as; sou: pirit of the smoke barra pulse for the conference comes from tiy of the ¢ expectation that the spirit of friend- e ir all that freer men N Lovernments of the its motiv therefore, the muin ship and a cordial appreciation of the Wko: gave. their al 1 Between the twilight and the daws wmight lve; lestial tougue Unheard, yet with ¢ The name that has been lost in war TUpon the sighing wind is sung, importance of the elimination of sources of controversy will govern the final decision. govern- Deoplex ar <oussing these problems is to reach + common understanding in regard to eneral principles and policies in the pawer and what created the mental impulse rests with the of the lands whose governments Will guide the rulings of the con- clave through, \articipating: the untold miliions ob- | Pacific and the fur east. Desiring, as _— ] H “Eure, struggling, sirivins for me S leerioxto_contsihnta o the edtal- "h-r-ur:il-::"l-"ni:l ‘[:.u:s::nnn.-n ot the And cause the most self-centered y,poun: Nt so, for angel han istance or x;‘ei.lchu:.g up:‘r:'f\z'tfi'\: ORwALK] o ':":‘d,';‘f ;‘;{L:{Id:frl;l‘s"l‘::\‘::;\lrl: proposal which has been made, and there to give | Shall point in glory from the skics Lorggter thingw than they : {the Jupunese government earnestly (10 the lght of the gracious indica- “Then, in such case, those peoples bowed | Toward the humble sepulchre | . Should Assure Suecexy. ! hope that the proposed conferemce|lion of its acceptance, the President by And Fame shall say, "Here Valor ct should assure the suc of imay attain the expected results and |iNVites the government of the Re- | in gr.els . - | liest™ th ference. ~What government of | their jdeals may thereby be brought [RUblic of Ching to participate in the uestions affecting the far east will| Disconsolate of happiness again. T f drlegates will dare to take @ lneaver to realization. discussion of Pacific and far eastern |also be discussed. Will rise once more, convinced in, b T order 10 isure the success of |auestions, in connection with the con- | ""As the so-called far eastern re- thote Betier . | o It the subject of limitation | public has not been recognized by the EPITAPH F ference o | Eovernment of the United States or| of armament, to be held in Washing- the conference the Jupanese govern- ave died | ment deem it advisable that the That neither He nor you have di b n -negative or aggressive which wol defeat the end in view; who, in this world demand. the, of S | : da% havgg@he temerity to pre zenda thereof should be arrunged |10n. on the 1Ith day of November, {by the other governments of the! in vain! !The Unknown.- American Soldier. o T e vi bjec - | world, no formal reply was made 10| * i X R Te ament Who. W oab kg JRhve defined | | Ambassador Herrick, cabled August | this communication, but the American | * % BY ANMETTE KOHN. would MaAnIy an feat agreement? Who such responsibility to Iy ilizatton? Secretary of State Hugiies has fre- quently emphasized the admonition that this is a_conference, Not i court nor a Xo nation or peoples are on No majority vote. with one or more nations dissenting protest- ing. Shall determine the policy finally decided upon. 1L must be by unanimous consent, which na- turally will involve ~concessions. | sacrifice perhaps: forbearance and the principle of give and take. The participating powers have chosen their delegates from among their greatest men, in recognition of the im- portance of the event and of the ques- | tions to be dealt with In the proceed- ings and final resolve of the confer- ence. The principal delegates com- mand the services of techinical ad-| visers in law, diplomacy and nava} and military warfare of scores of th, best equipped officials of the uullolm” in their respective fields of endeavor and life work. { Steps to Be Recorded. It is noteworthy that the happiest auguries attended the preliminaries to the confercnce, indicated in the cordial expressions of acceptance of | this government's invitation, and em- | phasized by the pre-conference utter-| ances of oncoming delegatiens pre- | dicting success of the enterprise and | vledging sincere and earnest co-oper- | ation in its achievement. | It is the purpose of this chapter to record the successive steps which| marked the calling and led up to the | assembling of the conference, and to | note their chronology. The ! world| promptly and enthusiastically r ceived President Harding's sugxestion for the meeting, and as its po ties were revealed interest event grew with each day It was July 10, 1921, that official an- nouncemet ‘was made of the first move to bring about the conference. irial. or 1ssions as above wtroduction therein of prob- uch as are of sole concern to articular powers or such ters as may be regarded ds ac- mplished facts should Iy avoided.” The Formal Invitation. _Announcement was made in August of the sending of the formal invita- tion to the conference to Great Brit- n. France, Italy and Japan. The in- vitations were tary of State to our embassies livery to the foreign office of the re- spective governments. The text of the invitation follows, the only dif- ference being in the name of the gov- ernment: “The President is deeply gratified at the cordial response to his suggestion that there should bLe & conference on the subject of limitatidn df armament, n connection with which Pacific and r eastern questions should also be discussed. “Productive labor is staggering under an economic burden too heav. to be borne unless the present vast public expenditures are greatly re- duced. 1t is idle to look for stability or the assurance of social justice, or the security of peace.. while wasteful and unproductive outlays deprive effort of its Just reward and defeat the reason- able expectation of progress. The €normous disbursements in the rival- ries of armaments manifestly constl- tute the greater part of the incum- brance upon enterprise and national prosperity: and avoldable or extrava- sant expense of this nature is not only without economic justification but is.a constant menace to the peace of the world rather than an assur- ance of its preservation. Satisfactory Basis Aim, “Yet there would seem to be no ground to expect the halting of these in- creasing outlays unless the powers most largely concerned find a satisfactory Lasis for an agreement to effect their be scrupu-, the-acceptance by the French go ernment of the invitation and an- nounced that Premier Briand would attend the conference in person as the head of the French delegation. The Repulic of China, August 18, in accepting the invitation made the fol- lowing observation: “A conference for the purpose stated meets with the hearty concurrence of the government of the Republic of China. Since the conclusion of the war in Europe the f is general that there may again be 2 recurrence of the horrors of war. Muarthermore, the center of grasity in iatters in- ternational has recently shifted to the Pacific and the far east. China oc- cupies an important place mot only on account of the extent of its terri- tory and the density of its population, but also on account of its geograph- ical position. The Pacific and far eastern questions as viewed by the Chinese people are questions affecting the peace of the world of the present day. China Has High Hopes. “This conference at Washington, called by the President of the United States for the promotion of peace, cannot . but contribute in a large measure to the accomplishment of re- the world to enjoy prosperity and happiness and obtain pérmanent re- lease from the calamities of war. It is with special satisfaction that the government of the Republic of China | makes known its desire to co-operate ton a footing of equality with other governments in this beneleant move- ment. “The American governmert by de- claring that it is not its purpose to attempt to define the scope of the dis- cussion in relation to the Pacific and far east gives evidence of its readi- ness to be fair to all without any preconceived blas. The yovernment of the Republic of Chini desires to sults that will enable the people of ; No. 1, King George No. 3, President Milleran No. 5, Emperor Yoshihito, Jap: that will be conducive to the pros- perity and peace of the world.” Japan’s Reply Interesting. acceptance was made public 24, and her note to this gov- ernment attracted world-wide atten- tion, having been awaited with great interest because of the time elapsing before sending it. The note, signed by the minister of foreign affairs, fol- lows “I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, of your note of the 13th of this month, in which you intimate the gratification of the President of the United States at the cordial re- sponse which has been accorded to his suggestion of a conference on the subject of limitation of armament and cognate topics, and in which you communicate the President’s invita- tion to this government to participate in such a conference to be held in There had been much talk the world limitation. The time is believed to. be opportune for these powers to approach take the same position, and will par- | ticlpate in the conference in the spirit ‘Washington on the 11th of November next on the subject of limitation of over of some international effort to | limit armament. President Harding foresaw the advisability and nec ity of going further than efforis reduce military preparedness: would at the same time remove, as far as possible, the most immediately threatening causc for their upkeep. Firat U. 8. Announcement. ‘The first public anpouncement of the Department of State, under that date, declared that— “The President, in view of the far- reaching importanee of the question of limitation of armament, has ap- vroached, with informal but definite inquiries, the group of powers here- tofore known as the principal allied and associated powers—that is, Great Pritain, France, Italy and Japan—to ascertain whether it would he agree- able to them to take part in a con- ference cn this subject, to be held in Washington at a time-to be mutually agreed upon. If the proposal is found 1o be acceptable, formal invitations for such a conference will be Issued. “It 18 manifest that the question of limitation of armament has a close relation to Pacific and far eastern problems, and the President has sug- gested that the powers especially in- terested in these problems should un- dertake in connection with this can- ference the consideration of all mat- ters bearing upon their solution with & view to reaching a common under- standing with respect .to principles and poligles in the far east. 'Thi: has been communicated to the powers concerned, and China also has. been invited to take part in the discu: relating to far eastern groblems.” Nations Are Willing. By July 27 it was possible for the Department of State to announce that Great Britain, France and Italy had expressed their approval and their readiness to recelve the President's auggested invitation. Japan was will- ing to accept the invitation, but ‘wanted to be advised as to the scope and nature of subjects to be discussed | oconnection with Pacific and far| * questions, | After conversa- etween Secrétary Hughes and | panese gmbassador at Wash- the charge d'affalres of the A embassy at Tokio delivered 33 the following memorandum 'imperlal government: i ° movernment of the L‘niled‘ deeply appreciates the readi- -the imperial Japanese govern- to aecept the Invitation to at- tend the conference on the limitation of armament. The Secretary of State of the United States, in the course of i al conversations with his ex- cellency, the imperial Japanese' am- bagsador ” at ' Washington, has ex- pressed the hope that the imperial xof;nmem‘ would not press its in- bl the- quify as to the nature and scope of the Paclfiq and far eastefn problems to de .discussed at the proposed con- 1::::00 in view of the fact that it is desirable that the full acceptance of the. Invitation of the Amezican gov- e;}gl.::: I:I.I'.. ‘l:ll mll!(er open for a en! recise agenda t be arrived at later. * ° 2 “The Secretagy of State is willing to 1 larmament may this subject directly and in conference, und while, In the discussion of,Nmita- tion of armament, the question of naval o naturaily have first pluce, it has been thought best not to cxclude " questions pertaining to other armament to the end that all practi cable measures of relief may have ap- propriate consideration. It may also be found advisable to formulate pro- posals by which, in the interest of hu- manity, the use of new agencies of war- fare may be suitably controlled. Strikes at Cause. “It is, however, quite clear that there can be no final assurance of the peace of the world in the absence of the desire for peace, and the pros- pect of reduced armaments is not a hopeful one unless this desire finds expression in a practical effort to re- move causes of misunderstanding and to seek ground for agreement as to principles and their application. It Is the earnest wish of this govern- ment that through an interchange of views with the facilities afforded by a conference it may be possible to find a solution of Pacific and far east- ern problems, of unquestioned impor- ance at this time—that is, such com- mon understanding h’ respect to matters which have been and are of international concern as may Serve to promote enduring friendship among our peoples. “It is not the purpose of this gov- ernment to attempt to define the scope of the discussion in relation to the Pacific and far east, but rather to leave this to be the subject of sus- gestions to be exchanged before the meeting of the conference, in the x- pectation that the spirit of friend- #hip and a cordial appreciation of the importance of the elimination of sources of controversy whHl govern the final decision. Governments Are Invited. ccordingly, In pursuance of the proposal which has been made, and {of friendship and with a cordial ap- preciation of the importance of the elimination of the sourc:s of contro- versy as stated in the American charge's note and observe perfect frankness and cordlality in the ex- change of views and in arriving at decisions to the end that the purpose of the President of the Unlted States to promote universal peace muy be tulfilled. Great Britain's Acceptance. Great Britain's acceptance. which was contained in a note delivered to Ambassador Harvey by Lord Curson, was made public August 22 and was as follow have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the invitation proffered esty’s government by the government of the United States to participate in a conference at Wash- ington, beginning the 11th of Novem- ber next, for the discussion ‘of the limitation of armaments and in con- nection therewith of the international problems presented by the Pacific and the far east. , “It is with sincere gratification that I have the honor on behalf of hia majesty's government to requeat your excellency to convey to the United States government our ready accep- tance of their invitation to take part in this auspicious meeting with eb- Jects of which his majesty's govern- ment and the British nation .are in whole-hearted sympathy. It ia the earnest and confident hope of his majesty's government that this con- ference, approached, as it will be by all concerned, in a spirit of coura friendliness and mutual understan ing, may achieve far-reaching results in the light of the gracious indica-| {tion of its acceptance, the President invites the governmeént of (Great Brit- ain) to participate in a conference on the subject &f limitation of armament, in connectlon with which Pacific and fur eastern questions will glso be dis- cussed. to be held in Washington on the 11th day of Nevember, 1521." On the same date, August 11, the Secretary of State, on behalf of the President, sent & formal invitation to the Republic of China to participate in the discussion of, Pacific ahd far eastern questions in connection .with the conference on the limitation of armamen The Invitation was cabled by the Secretary of State to our legation at Peking for -delivery to the foreign office of the Chinese government and is as follow: “The President is deeply gratified at the cerdial response to his. sug- gestion that there should.be a con- ference on the subject of limitation of armament, in connection with which Pacifie and far eastern q tions” should ‘xlse 'be discussed. Hope for Interchange., | “It uite clear that there can be-a ARMS CONFERENCE armament, In connection with which Pacific and far eastern questlons will also be discussed. “In communicating to you for transmission to the . President the hearty and appreciative acceptance of this invitation by the Japanese gov- ernment, I would ask you to be good enough fn the first place to say to Mr. Harding with what pleasure the government sees him take the initia- tive 4n this all-important matter; his great office, the pacific traditiops of your republic, and his own high per- sonal qualifications invest his act with a personal appropriateness which must be universally felt and recog- nized. Chronle Object of Solicitude. ‘““The peace and welfare of the world has been a chronio object of solicitude to the Japanese govern- ment and people. That attitude has not remained a platonic policy—it has been followed out in action. It results naturally from this pacific at- titude toward world problems that government and people alike should warmly welcome the ided of the limi- tation of armaments and the removal of the deadening burden on industry and_ cultural development which swollen and competitive armament create, “This. government is also com- pletely sympathetic tq the valuable suggestion advanced in your note, that it may well be desirable that the use of novet agencies of warfare should be controlled. “The discussion and removal of any causes ‘of misunderstanding Which may exist, and the arrival’ at an eventual agreement with regard to general principles and their applica- President Harding, U. 4, King Victor Emmanuel, t lxu Shih Chang. China No. 7, Queen Wilhcimina, Netherlands, and No. 8, King Albert, Belgium. tion, which will insure friendship and | good mutual understanding between the natlons, are regarded as of great value and importance. ment would emphasize the pre- eminently vital interest which Japan has in the preservation of the peace | of the Pacific and the far east. She! has devoted her utmost efforts toward securing its permanence, and its main- | tenance might well be to her a matter of prime concern. She therefore finds it accords entirely with her inmost| desires to reach in conference a meas- ure of understanding which shall in- sure peace being placed once for all upon permanent basis in these re- glons. It is earnestly hoped, there- fore, in Japan that the conference will secure really useful results and prove a practical success. Gladly Concurs in Proposal. “The Japanese government gladly concur in the proposal of the United States government that the scope of the discussion of the Pacific and far eastern problems shall be made the subjects for a free exchange of views prior to the assembly of the confer- ence. They hope that the agenda of the conference will in this way be arranged in harmony with the sug- gestion made in the memorandum of the Japangse ministry of foreign af- fairs of July 26, 1921, bearing on the same subject, in order that the labors of the conference may meet speedily with the fullest measure of success- ful achievement. ) “The undergigned cannot conclude without again expressing the thor- ough and hearty sympathy of his government with the thesis, so clearly and justly stated in your note, of the crushing encumbrance and menace which modern armaments present to civillzation. No efforts can be too unremitting to reduce that menace and encumbrance. In the full con- sciousness of this fact, the Initiative of the President of the United. States is warmly welcomed and deeply ap- preclated, and I would ask you so to assure the President. Italy Sends Acceptamece. Italy, on September 1, it was an- nounced by the State' Department, signified her acceptance of the invi- tation to attend the conference. On September 19 the State Depart- ment sunounced that the American legation at Peking had received re- cently from an agent of the so-called far eastern republic a request that representatives thereof should be ad- mitted to the approaching conference on limitation of armament, at which ! participating powers, My_govern- | minister at Peking was instructed to | convey to the agent of the far east- ern republic informal observations in the following sense: “In the absence of a single, recog- nized Russian government the protec- tion of legitimate Russian interests must devolve as a moral trusteeship upon the whole conference. It is regret- | table that the conference. for rea- sons quite beyond the control of the is to be de- prived of the advantage of Russian co-operation in its deliberations, but it is not to be conceived that the con- ference will take decisions preju- dicial to legitimate Russian interests or which would in any manner vio-{ late Russian rights. It is the hope and expectation of the government of the United States that the conference will establish general principles of international action which will de- serve and have the support of the people of eastern Siberia and of all Russia by reason of their justice and efficacy in the settlement of outstand- ng difficulties Suggestions for Agenda. Interest had been constantly in- creasing in the possible scope, ex- tent and nature of the subjects to be taken up by the conference. and on September 21 Secretary Hughes relleved the tension by making public the tentative suggestions for the| agenda of the conference, proposed by this government. These are the agenda, which have not since been; changed but has been tacitly accepted by all the parties to the conference and are expected to form the basis of its work: Limitation of Armament. 1. Limitation of naval armament, under which shall be discussed (a) basis of limitation, (b) extent, (c) ful- fillment. 2. Ruies for control of new agencies of warfare. 3. Limitation of land armament. Pacific and Far Eastern Questioma. 1. Questions relating to China—first, principles to’be applied; second. ap. plication. Subjects: (a) Territoria) integrity; (b) administrative integ: rity: (¢) open door—equality of com. mercial and industrial opportunity: (d) concessions, monopolies or rref- erential economic privileges: (e) de- velopment of railwaye, including plans relating to Chinese Eastern rallwa (f) preferential railroad rates; (g) status of existing commit- ment 2. Biberia—(similar headings). 3. Mandated islands (unless qu tions earlier settled). Electrical com« munications in the Pacific. Under the heading of “Status of Ex- isting Commitments” it is_expected that opportunity will be afforded to consider and to reach an understand- ing with respect to unsettled ques- tions involving the nature and scope of commitments under which claims of rights may hereafter be asserted. Three Other Nations Asked. In the meahtime it had been found desirable to include three more na- tions in the conference on account of their recognized special interests h " Lads of the Golden Star. (Dedicated to Her Sen.) You left us in life's early morning. When the call came 3o clear from afar: For you it was eternity’s dawning, Brave lads of the Golden Sta: Life held to you hands rich with promise: Love waited your manhood to bless; But bravely you followed the banner To the land lying crushed and dis- tressed. With life-blood you've written your story . On the poppy-strewn meadows afa No tribute can add to your glory, . Brave lads of the Golden Star. Now the Great Captain's banner en- folds you: He'll lead you where still waters flow; No longer the strife and the conflict, But_His peace, perfect peace, you " shall know. CHORUS: Oh, ladies of the little star, Onoce blue, now turned to gold, Do you know up there in heaven fair You're our own lads, just as of old? Never shall you be forgotten, tho' the pathway stretches afar; i We'll meet you at last when life's journey is past, Dear lads of the Golden Star. * * X Our Unknown Soldier. BY VIRGINIA NELSON PARMER. The shrine at Arlington is now your tomb, O nameless Hero, and, in honoring you, Our country honors all her heroes ‘who Laid down their lives to stay the darker doom— 5 For Freedom’s torch was flick'ring loom. s::.‘gffn you fought against the vicious view That Liberty existed for the few, That Justice was a whim on one man’s loom. Unknown and dead, yet with a living fame, Your valor, that of thousands, thrills the soul. N To Hate, a stranger; new to War's dread claim; You reached and ever hold the highest goal. In peace rest in ysur tomb, you make it great, Your spirit, not these stones, spires our State. * % in - He Leads Today. Since first this continent emerged From recordless abyss, in the settlement of far eastern ques. tions—Belgium, Holland and Portu- gal. On October 4 invitations to the three governments were dispatched in identic terms as follows: “The invitation of the President of the United States to the governments of France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan to send representatives to a conference to be held in the city of Washington on November 11. 1921, on the subject of limitation of arma. ments, in connection with which Pa- cific and far eastern questions will WILL KEEP THEM BUSY. euC-ltr of entertaining the visiting d¢ also be discussed, has been graciously legutes attending Henry P. Fletcher, Secretary Hughes And hill and valley welcomed man To test of pain and bliss, America has never seen “A funeral like this. A solemn hush pervades the land; No more the anvil rings; % The loom its drowsy tune has lost Among the silent atrings, While traffic reins his iron steed And folds his eable wings. Tears and eternal love for thee, Thou nameless wreck of clay; The Great Republic brings a wreath Of rosemary and bay, And kindred of the martyred dead Shall weep for thee today. Above the tumult and the storm, The noxious fume and flame, The spirit rose to realms serene, The acme bound of fame— He gave his country most who died For her and lost his name. this sad flag that sways in air a‘hr all thy comrades slain, crosses that the world must bear, %.n hate and carnage reign. JAbove thy hallowed bier we swear Thou hast not died in vain. all the soldler dead who aleep n mountain, field or glen, all the grief and pain and tears from the sons of men. Above tl s spoil of arms we swear t shall not be again.' In council soon will statesmen sit, To crown the hope sublime, To chain the ruthless god of war, To stay the waste and crime, | To heed the plea of earth—nor fai As traltors to thelr time. For lo! this hero lives and leads A myriad array; This captain of the quick and dead For in hia knightly ‘hand 'Ne’ bears or ‘The olive branch & B GALBREATH, {1n that red death ucross ti this nation-hallowed tomb ep, | Within An unknown soldier lics as |BY LORENA DAVISON CHAFFEE. | symbolic comrade of all those | Who, on the land, on sea, in s, !Sealed with their blood the sacred I truths For which our count That Highteousness | That juscee is tr | Man's liberty the gi | 1n wmemory o1 tne {Here tarouzh the l'As bonor zuard o ever stands all the faw N eTHmEni-— £ God i iney kept, ges wll tne fand watch will stand! 1 s The Unknown Soldier. BY J. M. WILSON. Sung are the songs of the beroes, the caplains Told are th they did, Monuments suark where they lie un- forgoticn, None or their glory is lost or is hid. Sing now @ sons ol & plain man, @ tales of the great decds private; Briefly, the epitaph carved in the stone Tells us that somebody, somewhere in battle, Recompensed meager Challenged degih caxgerly, Died “unknotWn.” Think how he went from a hearih- stone unthreatencd. Went with the nirst, at the first call to arms. Little of hope of renown or of glory Led him to meddle with war's wild alarms. Only the surge of inherited munhood Answering lLyranny's menacing cry. Call of the blood and the instinct of duty, Took him forth valiantly, Mantully, gallantly, Forth to die. Which was sacrifice, absolute, final That of the leader who lost life alone, Gaining reward glory, Or of the man in the tomb marked “Unknown?" Honor today o the hero who tendered in renown and in Not only life, but his memory and name, Died for his country when death meant oblivion With grim serenity, Died a nonentity, Lost to famc. Honor to all of the numeless who perished Silently, noted by no man's acclaim, Honor the rank and file half forgotten Here in this soldier bereft of a ! name. - | Honor, in him as a sign and a symbol thousands. To thew Unnumbered stands the ston Spirits of all who good soldiers! God spare all ill to you! Peace and good will to you! Brave “Unknown!” { V went west” like The Flags of Other Nations. To the Bitor of The Star: 1n displaying the flags of other na- {tions mistakes are frcquently made in their positions, the one most often occurring being that of hanging the “Union Jack” (more properly called the “great union”) of Great Britain upside down. To the ordinary observer the differ- ence is hardly distinguishable, but (8 one who knows it is as if the flug of our country was hung with the starry canton underneath. { Another error is common to such flags as bear a shield of any design in the center. Such flags are some- times hung with the pointed end of the shield uppermost. The rule governing the position of the “Union Jack” is simple when {known. The dlagonal stripes, which constitute the combined crosses of St. Andrew and St. Patrick, are, if the flag Is correctly made, & Nar- row white stripe, one twice this width of red and a broad white as wide as the combined width of the first two. This broad white must be uppermost in the portion of the flag known as the holst, which is, of course, the end next or attached to the staff or pole. The flag of China must be hung with red stripe uppermost; that of France with the blue third next the staff; Japan is same whichever way it is hung, except that the round red (the sun) is nearer the hoist than the other end; the flags of tho other nations represented at the \forth- coming conference being properly ayed by noticing the positions of di the shield designs. B. DENT- {