Evening Star Newspaper, May 15, 1921, Page 49

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., GERMAN GOOD FAITH[THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLDJ MEANS GAIN FOR ALL Strict Compliance With Ultimatum as | Agreed To Will Bring European Ad- vance—Silesia Big Danger Point. £ BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. 'ERMANY, as predicted some time back, has accepted al- lied terms—an action suf- ficient in itself for the time being—but Germany must do more. € She must show her good faith. TIn 80 doing she will scatter war clouds and set in motion immediately proc- esses designed to bring about early rehabilitation and reconstruction throughout the European continent. Economists the world over agree that a going Germany is necessary to the salvation- of the old world. With French plans of seizing the Rubr frustrated, for the moment, at least, Germany is in-a position to advance, even though the burden she has placed upon her shoulders is one that.would stagger any nation. But if Germany has faith in herself and the future, Germany will get through and emerge a strong Germany. pro- vided, however, she abides by the allies’ agreement in London and gives the French no pretext whatever for falling back upon Versailles treaty violations. with subsequent .applica- tion of further penalties designed to strike at Germany's ability to re- cover economicall In short. Germany has agreed to pay a billion dollars to the allies by June 1 she must pay another billion Which_fell due on May 1. she must pay $33,750,000.000 in annual install- ments of _$485.000.000. in addi- tion to a 25 per cent tax upon her exports which will be diverted to allied coffers in the way of repara- tion guarantees. Chance to Win Friends. 1t within the next two months the German government and people show a desire to carry out the terms which tave been accepted by the mlnlstry‘ of Dr. Julius Wirth, there is no doubt that Germany will win friends among the allies themselves and may escape the application of proposed penalties by the French. Germany, in addition to meeting the tremendous financial obligations, must disarm and meet the treaty of Versailles in regard to the adequate punishment of war criminals. It may be taken for grant- ed that the allies will insist on these principles as much as they did upon the payment of reparations, inasmuch as. France particularly, regards her whole future at stake if there is a| strong Germany, militarily speaking. If the acceptance of the allies’ con- ditions is a mere dodge to gain more time and the acceptance came to pass through a government improvised merely for that purpose, with the idea of establishing a stronger regime | later, one better able to resist the | allies, the Germans will make a mis- take. Unless they count upon divi-| sion among the allies to prevent the Rubr invasion, it will be a costly er- ror. Possible hopes of allied disa- greements are not without some grounds, for the position of the allies | today is strained more than it was even before the Germans agreed to capitulate. i Sensational Disclosures. Sensational disclosures have been 4 made in recent days indicating that the British assured the Germans that | there will be no further invasions of the Ruhr. these assurances having gone forward to the leader of the centerist or industrialists party in Germany even before the German reichstag by a vote of 221 to 175 ac- cepted the allied ultimatum. .The centerists voted against acceptance. but before they learned of the British pledges of what is tantamount to British protection of German inter- ests if the treaty and ultimatum is lived up to by Germany. H Whether this British stroke. savor ing much of Lloyd George politics, is merely a maneuver yet remains to be seen, but that it will stir up the greatest animosity in France is a cer- tainty. There it is becoming quite the custom to assail publicly British political viewpoints and British the- ories of European readjustments. ‘The situation between the allies may become acute over the Silesian question. It is becoming more and ‘more apparent the French are covert- ly. through sympathy, assisting the Poles in overruning the whole of the | eastern section of Upper Silesia, tak ing the rich industrial as well a: mining regions. The industrial sec- tions alone have voted for fealty to Germany. but the Polish insurgents have made a pretty thorough job over | seizing them and holding them for | tics. the Polish government, notwithstand- ing the protests of the allies. Allied Position Pathetic. The allied position is really pathetic when viewed from the viewpoint of upholding prestige. The _interallied commission, split as it is—British and Italian on one side and the French on the other—has been flouted at every turn. The French have enough troops in Upper Silesia to half-way control the situation, but the French are not prone to resist Polish ambitions. As a consequence the British and Italian position has been made extremely em- barrasing, because of their govern- ments’ slowness in backing up their authority. The Poles, as a conse- quence, have made elaborate prepara- tions to set up a strictly Folish regime in te disputed areas, and the Germans. unorganized though they may be, have resisted and will con- tinue to resist despite allied warn- ings. The outbreaks at ‘the moment, if they do nothing more, will tend to further the already great hatred and suspicion_existent between the Poles and the Germans. which will react to the disinterest of all Europe in fu- ture years, because of peculiar poli- tical alliances. As the result of the position of the French in Silesia it is but natural that the British and Italian govern- ments should feel bitter against them, and there may be additional firewo; when the supreme council assembles the first of next month to iron out the whole Silesian question. Must Be Allied Unity. One_ thing is certain. There will be unity or the Silesian problem will lead to an embarrassing and definite split between the allies. If the sit- uation is saved there must be imme- diate demarcation of boundary lines in Upper Silesia—an action incident- ally bound to please no one—and then the allies, with their full strength, must back up these decisions. If_the decisions tread upon the toes of Poland the insurrectionaires of Poland are certain to continue guer- rilla warfare against the allies. France cannot. without misgiving, be- cause of particular political ques- tions in the east, fight against the Poles, and it will remain for the Brit- ish and Italians to sustain allied de- crees and head off what may crystal- lize into an eastern European'Alsace- Lorraine question. 1f the British and Italians do this, undoubtedly they will draw the fire of the French, and if the French do not join in decreed operations to enforce the authority of the allies. both Britain and Italy will be loath to support France in other directions. If the allies maintain their authority and definitely iron out the perplexing Silesian question, they must do so with great diplomacy, else their whole theory of readjust- ment will be upset and a chasm cre- ated among themselves. Furthermore, if there is a definite split between the allies on the Silesian question, it may leave France entirely open to interpret Germany's compliance with the allies’ ultimatum and the treaty of Versailles as she deems fit. There will be no restrain- ing influence. France was ready to strike into the Ruhr without allied aid if necessary. and, inasmuch as France is retaining the class of 1920 with the colgrs despite Germany's compliance “with the ultimatum, there is no reason to suppose that she will not move in the future if she finds the treaty of Versailles dodged under the slightest pretext. In view of British assurance to the Germans. this movement undoubted- Iy would lead to further rifts be- tween the allies, as the British, un- less there were flagrant violations of the treaty, could not be expected to turn back on the purported word to the centrists of Germany. Americans May Afd. Naturally it is to be hoped. in view of the necessity of co-ordinated ac- tion among the allies, that the rift never will materialize. American participation in allied conferences, even though no official weight be lent to either side, may prevent a rupture. American diplomats unof- ficially will have it ewithin their power to direct successful solution of all difficulties through compromise of the strongly running and conflicting political currents in European poli- But, until Germany shows her good faith and abides by the bur- dens she has assumed, and the Silesian problem is soived, allied co-ordinated endeavor always, will be hazarded. If these two questions are solved there remains none to bring on immediately fYurther menacing entanglements, THEIR HUMAN SIDE . BY WILL P. KENNEDY. The great seal of the state of Oklahoma is being painted on glass to be placed in the illuminated roof of the House chamber in the Capitol building. The work is being done by C. E. Moberly, who worked on the Library of Congress when it w being decorated and who since then, for more than a quarter of a cen- tury, has been restoring the works of Brumidi in the Capitol. Elliott Woods, superintendent of the Capitol building and grounds, has been in correspondence with the | secretary of state of Oklahoma and with the secretary of the Oklahoma Historical Society. From Joseph B. Thoburn, secretary of the historical mociety, he got the history of the seal. In 1905, while the Sequoyah (In- dian Territory) constitutional con- vention was in session at Muskogee Rev. Dr. A. Grant Evans, then presi- dent of Kendall College, Buggested that the great seal of the proposed state of Sequoyah should be in the form of a five-pointed star, one point being vertically downward, the tri angle of each point, or ray, to con- * taln the great seal of one of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians, and | in the space or angle between the two uppermost points, or rays, a portrait of Sequoyah, with the legend, in Cherokee text. This design. was formally adopted by the convention. A year and a half later, during the session of the Oklahoma consti- tutional convention, Dr. Evans called this matter to the attention of Dr. Gabe E. Parker, one of the delegates to the convention from the Choctaw Nation, himself a Choctaw by descent Taking the design of the Sequoyah seal as a basis, Mr. Parker, in co- operation with Jap E. Peddicord, a newspaper cartoonist, worked out the design of the great seal of the state of Oklahoma. The position of the star was modi- fled to the extent of placing one point wvertically upward, and, of course, the portrait of Sequoyah was omitted. The seals of the Five Civilized Tribes were included. In the center of the star was placed the great seal of the «Territory of Oklahoma. The stars of the other tribes in the union were grouped in the angles between the points of this star. The question of blazonry as to col- ors does not seem to have been con- sidered, and here is what ig causing the greatest trouble in painting the seal for the Capitol. The five tribes represented on the seal are Chickasaw, Choctaw, Chero- kee, Seminole and Creek. The centrul picture represents a white man and an Indian with hands clasped, and in the center is Justice holding her scales aloft. There is a background of Manufacture and Agriculture. * * % % Senator Tom Watson of Georgia and Senator Carter Glass of Vir- | ginia, as principals, and some of their colleagues, as amused “third * have just had a good illus- tration of how misunderstandings will arise, leading to hard feelings, which can be easily explained when tension lets down. Senator Watson 'was looking for the office of Senator Glass and thought he had found it, AY 15, 1921—PART 2. BY HENRY W. BUNN. (Copyright, 1921, by The Washington Star.) HE following is a brief summary of the news of the world for the seven days ended May 14: GERMANY—On May 10 a ‘new cabinet, headed by Dr. Wirth the centrist, was formed. It decided to accept the ultimatum, and its decision was sustained by the reichstag, by a vote of 221 to 175. On May 11 acceptance vithout reserve or condition” was notified to the supreme council. The world heaved a sigh of relfef, but (poor world, its nerves are sadly shattered) at once began to worry again, for reasons of which the chief follow: In the first place, the acceptance iIs but a German promise. Again, the prospects of the Wirth cabinet are dublous. Its life is admitted to be precarious. It includes besides the chancellor, Dr. Wirth, three majority socialists, three centrists, two democrats, one independent socialist, and one social democrat. It boasts no representatives of the nation- alist (junker) party or the German people’s party (the party of big business), whose power- fuM influence, if used for obstruction, would render extremely difficult fulfilment of the en- gagements just undertaken. Dr. Wirth surely commands only the votes of the majority of socialist and the centrists (the center parties), 1. e., 216 out of 469 reichstag votes. It is to be hoped that he will be able to conciliate the party support of the democrats and indepen- dent soclalists; thus supported he might be able to overbear opposition from the parties of the extreme right. Such a development would inspire a certain confidence in a nervous and skeptical world, disposed, as it is, to credit the Wirth cabinet with honesty and even a measure of good Will; the London program would wear a more hopeful face. But suppose this cabinet should fall and should be succeeded (as would be most likely) by a cabinet domi- nated, as was Fehrenbach's, by junkers and the super business gang? Why, then the London program would wear a face of doom. * ¥ % ¥ But, even though assured of an honest German cabinet backed by a safe parliamentary majority, the world must needs worry hardly the less; at least until June 30 is past. By June 30 the Einwohenerwehr, the Orgesch, the belli- cose singing societies, etc.,»must be disarmed and their arms must be turned over to the allies. But will any such thing happen? Ger- man opposition to disarmament has always been more fervid than opposition to reparation; and strong color has been given to the arguments against disarmament by the business now in process in Upper Silesia. The Bavarian premier says that the federal government cannot per- suade or compel Bavaria to disarm. The French are very skeptical on the head of disarmament; for which reason the class of 1919 remains under arms. “The Ruhr occupation has been delayed,” is the way they put it in France. As I observed, the disarmament issue ac- quires fresh impotence and dubiety in con- nection with the Upper Silesian situation; which is the crowning worry of all. The supreme council should have delivered a decision on Upper Silesia before the ultimatum to (iermany. In delaying they have been guilty of indecision or timidity; either fault as unforgivable in politics as in courtship of widows. A decision unfavorable to Germany rendered before the uitimatum might have prejudiced the latter's chances of acceptance, but I think that Germany would have accepted notwithstanding, and at any rate the issue would have been squarely faced; a decision of such a character rendered now would cause repudiation sooner or later of the London program or have indirect effects hardly less fatal than repudiation. “For.” the Germans will be saying, “when we signed the ultimatum we took it for granted that we were to keep Upper Silesia, that our capacity of pro- duction would not be fatally curtailed * ¥ X ¥ Reports from Upper Silesia are cloudy and conflicting. Apparently Korfanty still holds the greater part of the region claimed by the Poles; but the most recent dispatches indicate that the German residents have obtained arms from Breslau and have organized detachments total- ing some 20,000 which, under Reichswehr officers in mufti, are not only holding up Korfanty's men, but even counter attacking. One report will have it that Korfanty's men and the inter- allled commission have agreed to an armistice, to last till the supreme council have spoken, Korfanty to hold what he has now; another report makes indignant denials of the above: the first report is reaffitmed and again denied with asperity. The German government. not without show of reason, offers to send Reichs- wehr troops to aid in the defense of the harried Germans; the French government —advises Berlin that appearance of Reichswehr troops in Upper Silesia would constitute viola- tion of the treaty of Versailles, that Upper Silesia is the allies' dear charge. “Why not send men to look after the charge?’ asks Berlin, again not without sholv of reason. The men, however, are not sent. Contrary to earlier ently no German troops, regular have crossed the border. But seethes with patriotic wrath and ardor; is thronged with Orgesch heroes, Einwohnerwehr students, a strange medley, eager to be let loose on Upper Silesia. It is all very much of a mess, and threatens to be more so. The supreme council have made a sorry showing. As for Korfanty, but for the success of those other champions of self-deter- mination, D’Annunzio and Zeligovski, one would say he is an ass. 1 repeat that the supreme council are chiefly responsible for the prepos- terous situation; timidity and indecision being as fatal in politics as in the pursuit of relicts. Berlin and Mo; zned a trade agree- ment the other day or Breslau * ok ok ok Lloyd Georse made a very notable to the commons on the Upper Silesian tion on Friday, which contained some very nd some very unjust observations. He sked for fair play for the Germans. “Either the allies ought to insist upon the treaty being respected, or they ought to allow the Ger- mans to do 0. As a matter of fact, the allies should have had sufficient troops in Upper Silesia to handle such a situation as the present one. The French, as usual, were the only ones to do their full duty. The French have 10,000 troops, the ltalians, 3.000 and the British none in the district at present. Mr. Lloyd George sratuitously insulted the Warsaw government by intimating that its disavowal of Korfanty's actions a lie. He has never been fair to Poland. He would better consult the peace of Europe by sending 10,000 British troops to . Poland than by encouraging Germany to invade Upper Silesia. He suggests that the Polish government take forcible action to reject Kor- fanty. Would it please the Germans to see a Polish army in Upper Silesia? The other day Mr. Lioyd George said that Poland should be disarmed, and expose her to Russia, I suppose, as he was willing to do last summer. 1 repeat that Mr. Lloyd George has always been unjust to Poland and that he as much as anybody (being one of the supreme council) is respon- sible for the present situation in Upper Silesia. * ok k% GREAT BRITAIN—Britain is once more in pense, waiting for announcement of the ion taken or to be taken by the executive committees of the Transport Workers' Federa- tion, the National Union of Railwaymen and the Association of Locomotive Engineers and Fire- men, upon ihe question of a common strike in sympathy with the miners. For some days now the members of the two unions first named have been under instructions not to handle im- Mr. su dec) ported coal. But imported coal has been handled. It has been unloaded from ships by “blackleg” labor, and most railwaymen have not been nice to inquire into its origin and the manner of unloading. A strike order is quite different from instructions not to handle imported coal, but there is a good deal of doubt as to the extent of response to such an order to be expected. Moreover, the unions have not enough funds to finance a long strike. There are other consideratiors which oppose the idea of a strike. For example, with nearly four millions out of work or on part time, the government will find no trouble in procuring “blackleg” labor. There is a great deal of distress among the miners, but they show mno signs of yielding. Apparently nothing has been done toward resumption of conferences between the mine owners, the miners’ executive committee and the government. If one were to arrange the par- ticipators in the controversy in the order of their stupidity, the most stupid at the top, we would find the government topping the rest, next below the miners’ executive committee, next the owners, and the miners at the bottom. But there is fittle to choose. They are all brethren in stupidity. Each day of the coal strike adds 15,000 more men and women to the unemployed ranks. Some 1,200 ships, of a total of some 1,707,000 tons, are laid up at the several ports of the kingdom for lack of coal. In April the value of imports fell off by 90,000,000 pounds and the value of exports by 160,000,000 pounds. * k k¥ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—On May 10 the Senate interstate commerce committee began its investigation of the railroad situa- tion. The Young emergency tariff bill, much amended since leaving the House, was passed by the Senate on May 11, and has gone to conference. Fifteen thousand paper mill workers are on strike. Plants producing over 60 per cent of the newsprint paper output are closed down. The men refuse to accept a 30 per cent reduction in wages. The American Federation of Labor is going to fight the proposed sales tax. Senator Kenyon has offered a bill which would create a department of public welfare, under a cabinet officer. The immigration bill, out of conference, goes to the President for approval. * * k % MISCELLANEOUS—An Associated Press report from Riga declares that things are really looking up in Russia in consequence of Lenin's concession. The people have been reconciliated and are no longer in a mood for revolt. This apparently does not apply to western Siberia, reports from which indicate that the revolts are spreading. Gen. Antanoff's revolt, only the other day in the full tide of success in the Tambof area, has been snuffed out. It is reported that Premier Gounaris of Greece, having visited the Anatolian front, dis- covered a gloomy prospect for the Greeks. A week ago we are informed that the Turkish nationalist assembly at Angora, yielding to Russian bolshevist persuasions, has repudiated the agreement concerning Cilicia signed in London some weeks ago by representatives of France and the Angora government, and that fighting had broken out again in Cllicia between French and Turks. Now it appears that the assembly has ratified the agreement “with cer- tain reservations,” of what nature does not appear. It is pleasing to learn that jobs have been found for Prince, Feisal and Prince Zeid, sons of the King of Herjaz. Prince Zeid is to be governor of Trans-Jordania, apparently in some sort of subordination to Sir Herbert Samuel, high commissioner for Palestine. Prince Feisal is to govern Mesopotamia, presumably in sub- ordination to Sir Percy Coxe or somebody else. ‘What title the princes shall boast does not ap- pear. It really was up to Britain to do some- thing for those fine fellows; for they have been treated shabbily. In general the May day demonstrations this year were tame. Those in Japan were (except for Jaffa in Palestine) the most lively and sig- nificant of all. Great assemblages in all the large cities passed resolutions demanding the eight-hour day, wide extension of the franchise, unemployment benefits, etc. There were proces- sions and much flaunting of the red flag adorned with such inscriptions as “From slavery to emancipation,” “Revolution is near at hand.” Proletarian songs were sung. A far cry from the Japan of Hideyossi and lyeyasu. Finds Travel in America Constant Peril, Due to BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL. Former Vice President of the United States. NDIANA is now convalescing from a sixty-day epidemic of legisiatis. Other states are suffering a like sickness. In- diana found that in the last two years she had contracted 280 sep- arate and distinct allments, for which her doctors of law gave her treatment. The worst part about these diseases of states and the remedies prescribed is the fact that by just passing imaginary boundaries you become automatically cured or stficken. You may be a staid mar- ried man in one jurisdiction, a di- vorced man in the next and a bride- groom in the third, and then with- in the same twenty-four hours you may pass into the state of bigamy. This is thrilling and makes of life one moving melodrama which would be fairly satistactory if some fool officer in some fool state didn't try to enforce some fool law. * & ¥ X I have traveled in many states lately and have come to the conclu- sion that if a law-abiding citizen wishes peaceably to pursue his way through America without danger of being haied into city police courts, he should take as a com- panion a legislative librarian thor- oughly up to date in all the vir- tues, vices and vagaries of legisla- tion to keep him informed as to ‘what he may lawfully do. In some states, Louisiana for instance, he should employ a local guide con- versant with parish boundaries. The traveler of today is a chame- leon on a piece of Scotch plaid, wearing himself out trying to make good as a law-abiding citizen. The other morning a son of southern soil who had carried for me four pieces of luggage, black- ened my shoes and brushed me oft kept looking out of the car win- dow, as though expecting bad news from home. When he saw my hand move toward my pocket his coun- tenance cleared and a smile illu- Peculiar and Conflicting Statutes mined his face, as he said, with extreme unction, “Pahdon me, sir; was you-all gwine to tip me?" I said, “Certainly.” Came the quick response, “Den, please hurry, as wese wid-in a mile of Tennessee, and if we get dar fore you give it to me, 1 cain’t take it.” By aspeedy move- ment of my right arm I made a colored porter happy and bowed in humble submission to the majesty of Tennessee law. Long live the doctor who prepazed that prescrip- tion for one of the ills of his peo- ple. I do not know whether he was allopathic, homeopathic or chiropractic, but I venture to guess he will never carry a card in the waiters’ union. * k k X These remedies for real or sup- posed evils, however troublesome to the wanderer from state 1o state, are trivial compared with what yet may be done when the in- terns in legislative hospitals have become full-fledged doctors. No wonder every patent nostrum sells so well to the people. Our strong- est faith lies in a belief that some- thing we have never tried will help us. I never have ridden a hundred miles without hearing some griev- ance in life described, discussed and condemned by a fellow trav- eler. And always the sage SUEECS- tion, “there should be a law” for it or to prevent it is given as a cure. Whatever at the present happens o be obnoxious, I am.never left in doubt that a law would remove it. Just today I observed some men engaged in earnest conversation. Finally one man smacked his closed fist into his open palm and declared, “Yes, sir; there should be @ law requiring every man to be cremated.” 1 was too respectful to ask whether his law should ap- ply to the living as well as to the dead. EE Yet statutory life, like other kinds of life, has its compensa- tions. Bad and unnecessary laws usually are placed for enforcement in, the hands of either incompetent or kind-hearted officials. If it were not o, and the diverse laws in the various states were enforced with zeal and impartiality, the ordinary. traveler through America would mark his progress not by railway terminals, but by police stations. My deliberate opinion is that If 90 per cent of the regulatory statutes and of the laws which create crimes and misdemeanors without regard to evil intent were re- pealed we would have a far better state of law and order than we now have. I have heard so much about the need of laws to meet every thought, feeling, word and act of a human being that I am getting the habit myself of making sugges- tions. I too,desire to be a doc- tor of the laws, and I claim some right to speak, for I am a doctor of laws, raised by various unmiversi- ties to the seventh degree. I feel that the same principles which ap- ply in the administration of the civil laws should guide in the en- forcement of the criminal laws. You and T have a business deal, in which you try to defraud me and I try to swindle you. You suc- ceed, whereupon 1 bring suit to undo the wrong. The civil court says to me: “Get thee hence, you both are scoundrels; the law is not interested in which one of you got the worst of the bargain!” thereby properly interpreting the law to be for the redress of the wrongs of the honest man, mot to settle comparative degrees of scoundrelism. This principle, I think, should apply in the law of homicide. * k¥ % Every now and then a foolish son of a very rich man gets into a quarrel over the possession of some Delilah with another rich man's foolish son and kills him. Straightway the newspapers are filled first with accounts 'of what they call the cold-blooded murder, then with full details of the lives of all the persons connected with the tragedy, then with recitals of the trial, and so on to the hung jury, the acquittal or the insane asylum. Hangings never follow. Sometimes it is a magnate, who thinks that money not only makes the mare %0, but makes her trot like a lady. After using part of his suddenly acquired wealth in making an al- lowance to the wife of his poverty because she cannot travel in what he calls polite soclety, he attaches a young and vivacious paramour. When some one finally is shot we are again regaled with all the morbid details. What does civilized soclety get out of all this? Are these trials worth while, as I have been %old, because they point a moral? Per- haps they are to conscience-strick- en souls, but to many more, in- stead of pointing a moral, they point the way. A distingulshed criminologist, in discussing this question with me, stated his con- viction that one sensational trial inspired many hundred girls to flock to New York in the expec- tation that they could duplicate the high life and yet avoid the tragedy of their fair and frail heroine. No one save the lawyer knows how much crime is caused by suggestion. * ok x X 1 have read headlines of one re- cently well-reported case, and I am left in doubt whether the ac- quitted defendant is to reform the world and cool the hot blood of passion as an evangelist or a movie star, whether camera or conscience is to be the instrument of salvation. Perhaps evangelis- tic work illustrated by movie would fill the bill. I recall the story of Joe Jefferson that during a morning’s walk he saved a soul, wiped away a mother$ tears and made eight dollars. Asked to ex- plain, he said he had met at a church door a mother carrying a babe and weeping bitterly, who told him the baby was dying, and she had no money to pay the bap- tismal fee. He gave her a ten- dollar bill. Emerging shortly thereafter, she gave him back eight dollars. The bill he had handed her was a counterfeit. (Copyright, 1921, by Thomas R. Marshail.) _— but, Instead, opened the door of Sen- ator Keyes. Just as he swung through the door Senator Keyes sec- retary was putting in a telephone call, exclaimhing “Outside” just as he glanced up to note who was entering. Senator Watson thought he was per- emptorily ordered from the room and went about telling how he had been ly insulted In Genator Glas: until mutual friends made the explanation. * k k% Renresentative Elliott W. Sproul and Representative Martin B. Mad- | den, both of Chicago, are great bud- dies, and have been warm personal friends for more than forty years. Each is at the head of an imporiant construction company. Their friend- ship started when Mr. Sproul got his first contract for a big building. The president of the corporation said to him: “I wish you'd buy any stone you need from Martin B> Madden—tell him Tl go surety. Mr. Sproul stralghtway went to Madden. who was then manager, salesman, bookkeeper and what-all for his young concern. In fact, he admits that he used to be water boy. When he had picked out the stone he wanted and arranged about delivery, Mr. Sproul mentioned the “surety.” Madden replied: “Boy, you go back and tell him your face is as good surety for me as his bond"— and “We've been doing business on that basis ever since” said Repre- sentative Cproul. * X * X Don't by any Wecans get the idea that Congress is made up principally of professional politicians, or even lawyers. As a matter of fact, there are all sorts of business men and manufacturers in Congress. Repre- sentatives Treadway of Massachus- etts and Keiss of Pennsylvania are hotel - proprietors, Representative Ackerman of New Jersey is one of the biggest cement manufacturers in the country, Representative Winslow of Massachusetts is head of probably the largest roller-skate shop in the world, Representative Aaron 8. Krel- der of Pennsylvania owns a chain of shoe factaries and was formerly pres- s LIFE OF FEDERATION RESTS ON U. S. FAVOR Believed ‘That Central American Union Is Doomed to Failure Unless Given Friendly Support BY BEN McKELWAY LTHOUGH there has been no open declaration by the United States of a policy which opposes the formation of a federation of Central America, the belief exists here that, unless this country defines its sentiment as favoring a union of the Central| Americas, the union from the outset | is doomed to failure. When Guate- | mala, Honduras and Salvador unite! under one government next fall, | there is little doubt that the new nation will receive recognition frum the United States. But whether this recognition is sufficient without some | formal expression of sympathy and | approval is a question Which 18 worrying the proponents of a Cep-! tral American union. Nicaragua's refusal to Jjoin thef proposed union So far has proved to be the greatest stumbling block | in the way of its success. And Nica- | ragua’s refusal is said to be, on very good_authority, directly traceable tc the United States. It is an open, secret that Nicaragua was strongly influenced by this country in not be- coming a party to the union because | of the fear that complications might | arise over the Chamorro - Bryan treaty, which provides for the con-| struction of a canal through Nica- | ragua by this country, should the! nced arise. cioa. | In order to clear the way for Nica- ragua's entrance to the union and remove the treaty obstacle, article ! IV of the pact of the union was in- serted, which reads, freely translated, as follows: “While the federal gov- ernment, by means of diplomatic ex- ertions, should not have obtained the modification * * * of the existing treaties between the state of the fed- eration and foreign countries, each state_ will respect and shall perform faithtully its duties concerning the.vey to the coast treaties by which they are bound to ! foreign nations in the full extent of the existing agreements.” Article 1V, _however, apparently failed to meet Nicaragua’s objections, and Nicaragua refused to join the pact. Costa Rica is so situated, geo- graphically, that Nicaragua’s absence | may prevent her joining, and thus two strong states may be prevented from | joining a federation which may find a handicap too strong for existence with- out their membership. Aside from the fact that formal ap- proval of- the union by the United States probably would mean Nica- ragua's joining the federation, there is another aspect. A new nation, struggling over the difficulties of its infancy, needs @ helping hand, strong and powerful ally. would be followed by like expres-; stons on the part of other republics of Latin America. For eighty years, since the destruc- tive ambition of political malcon- tents destroyed the Federal Repub- lic of Central America, there has re- mained the thought and ambition for national reconstruction. Several times the people have attempted to accom- plish this by force or by pacific meth- ods, but each time political influences have frustrated the people’s desire. The people of Central America are said to be convinced that the separa- tion of their respective republics has been the cause of frequent revolu- tions and financial losses. For that reason, the hope of a union in Cen- tral America i very Strong. Central America places great hope in the present administration. Presi- dent Harding’s utterances have been most favorable as regards a friendly. Co-operative spirit between the United States and her sister republics of the South. Particularly gratifying to the people of Central America has been the appointment of Secretary Hughes. To the mission which Central and South American countries sent to President Harding's inauguration the Secretary of State said: “We have and will have no ulterlor purpose with respect to any of the Tepublics of Latin America. We wish fo help to a_ common prosperity, through the safeguarding of the op- portunities of peace, the fostering of friendship and of mutually advanta- geous commercial intercourse. We cannot fail to realize that we can have neither security nor peace ® ¢ ¢ unless reason rules and justice is as- sured. We are all collaborators in that great en! ARMY OFFICERS HONORED Secretary Weeks, Acting for Pres- jdent, Confers Medals. As the representative of the Presi- dent, Secretary Weeks has presented distinguished service medals to Ifleut. Cols. Edwin A. Hickman. general staff; John W. Kilbreth, field artillery, and John L. Shepard, Medical Corps, Majs. William Bryden, general staff; Lewis W. Call, judge advocate general's office, and Edward P. King, jr., fleld artillery. In making the presentations the Secretary of War took occasion to say he.did not favor the award to civilians of cither the distinguished service cross or the distinguished service medal. In his opinion a time limit of two years or more should be fixed for the filing of applications for such medals. Otherwise it may hap- pen, many years afterward, he said, that they may be conferred in cases not warranted by the service per- formed. IN HIS YOUNG LIFE. From the Lone Scout. ‘A meddlesome old lady came upon a lad lounging on the street curb one noon and stopped to inquire, with suspicion: “Say, bub, don’t you go to school?” “Yes,” was the tart reply, “but only between meals.” — e ident of the National Association of Manufacturers. Representative Homer P. Snyder of New York started’ to manufacture bicycles in 1895 and now has one_ of the larget factories in the country: Representative Bertrand H. Snell of New York is sole owner of a pow- er plant and president of a cheese company; Representative Ira C. Copley, Illinois, owns coal mines, newspapers, power plants and other public utilities; Representative Lu- cian W.Parrish of Texas owns a flock of producing oil wells; Representa- tive Alanson B. Houghton, New York, is a glass manufacturer; Representa- tive Norman J. Gould, New York, is a pump manufacturer; Representative Schuyler Merritt of Connecticut, is one of the head officials of the larg- est lock manufacturing concerns in the world; Senator Walter E. Edge of New Jersey founded a newspaper and established an advertising agency with foreign offices. These are only & few random examples; don't let any- one tell you that members of’Con- gress are not efficient business men, proved so by success of their own businessels. of This Country. ing forward ¢ ¢ ¢ t8 an era of ex- ceptional mutual henefits through our working together in a spirit of mutual trust.” * % % % With oil operators of the United States and Great Britain jockeying for advantage in Central and South America, the present year and the immediate future probably will see tremendous oil activities in these countries, according to J. W. Thomp- son. law examiner of the bureau of mines, who has completed an ex- haustive statement regarding the oil resources of Central and South Amer- ica. Because of their convenient loca- tion for distribution of petroleum by water to all nations usieg oil for fuel for shipping and industrial con- cerns, it is fortunate for the world that productive fields are located in the southern republics The added uses and mand for the various forms of oil render it imperative. according to Mr. Thompson; that the present pro- duction be increased, for in a com- paratively short e the present producing flelds must be exhausted increasing de- i The ofleprnduction in Venezuela and Colombia, with possibilities in Brazil, Peru and Central America, may be greater in quantity than that of Mex- ico, and superior in quality, Mr. Thompson believes. The oil markets of the western coast of South America have already derived a great benefit from the Panama canal, as the seaports of this coast are thereby brought into di- rect ocean shipment with the Atlantic coast of the United States and with European countri “The chief deterrent to oil pro- duction in the southern countries Mr. Thompson states in his report “is the want of inland transportation facilities, but the keen insight and wide experience of the managers of the great countries now interested and operating in these regions will, as production increases, provide pipe line transportation sufficient to con- the oil produced and they will erect and equip re- fineries at shipping points that will make these petroleum products ac- cessible to the commercial world." Mr. Thompson's report shows that oil has been known to exist for years and is now under various stages of exploitation in Argentina, Bolivia. Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador. Peru and Venezuela. In Central America Costa Rica, Guatemala and Salvador contain oil fields now under operation in varying degrees. * % % X The International Petroleum Com- pany, a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Company, has secured between two and three million acres of land along the Magdalena river, in Colom- e o Peat an expression of ap- bia, from the Tropical Ol Company; proval on the part of this country | There is in preparation there one of the largest refineries in the world, and a pipe line, 300 miles in length. {will be contructed within a short time at a cost,of $25.000.000. Three large wells are already producing oil iin quantity. * x X K Mutual ignorance of the language {and methods of American and South { American merchants is a great handi- cap in the way of trade development between the United States and the southern republics, according to Dr. Julio Bianchi, minister of Guatemala to the United States. Dr. Bianci would solve the first difficulty by the estab- lishment of a society to promote the | study of Spanish in the United States and the study of English in Latin America. As a solution of the second handicap, Dr. Bianchi believes that American exporters should send men to South America solely to study the South American viewpoint, while Latin American merchants’ should send men to the United States to learn at first hand American trade methods. * % k% Paraguay's economic situation con- tinues to be very serious, according to reports received by the Department of Commerce. The markets for hides and tobacco, which are the chief prod- ucts of the country, are extremely dull, no price quotations being made at present. As a result of this con- | dition it has been necessary for the government to restrict imports, and the domestic and foreign commerce of the country is practically at a standstill. There has resulted a great loss in the revenues of the govern- ment, which depends on commeree for deavor, and we are 100k- : most of its revenue. PLEA FOR JUST CHARGES. 1. C. C. Hears Baltimore Complaint Against Express Company. Complaint was filed with the Inter- state Commerce Commission yesterday by the Merchants and Manufacturers’ Association of Baltimore against the American Railway Express Company. charging that the latter company ix denying to the Southeastern Express Company participation in joint rates and through routes to the valley of Virginia through Washington now in use by the American Railway Ex- press Company. The complaint says that Washington is the northern terminus of the South- ern Railway Company, and that mer- chants in Baltimore should be allow- ed to bill their merchandise through Washington into the valley- of Vir- ginia under the same rates and over the same routes as are in force for the American Railway Express Com- pany. By reason of the facts stated the complaint asserts that merchants in Baltimore have been subjected to practices and payment of unjust and unreasonable charges, in violation of section 1 of the interstate commerce act, and asks that the commission establish just and reasonable charges. CHAPIN-SACKS WIN CASE. Awarded Reparation on Freight Overcharges. The Chapin-Sacks Company, ice cream manufacturers of Washington, were awarded reparation yesterday in the sum of $435.62, with interest thereon at the rate of 6 per cent from tember 15, 1918, on overcharges on transportation of twenty-five carloads of ice from Lancaster, Pa. in 1918 to Washington. The Interstate Commerce Commission certifled the sum named as reparation and ordered the director general of railroads, as agent for the Baltimere and Ohio, to pay to the ice cream company the amount of overcharge on or before June 25, 1921. Decision of the commission that the Chapin-Sacks Company was entitled to reparation on overcharge for the shipments of ice closes a case that has been before the commission for more than a year. Attorneys for the com- pany and the Railroad Administra- tion agreed after the Intertsate Com- merce Commission had made a re- iport on the case that the proper repa- ration was $435.62. PASS IMMIGRATION BILL. House and Senate Adopt Changes. President Gets Measure. The emergency immigration bill, re- stricting immigration into the United States during the next fourteen months to 3 per cent of the aliens al- ready in the country, now goes to the President for his approval. The bill is practically the same as that which President Wilson would not approve at the close of the last Congress. The conference report on the biil was adopted by both the House and Senate Friday afternoon. Lo ]